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Appendix Transcription of Vernacular Terms Appendix Transcription of Vernacular Terms Thai consonant phonemes and vowels Thai consonant phonemes Bilabial Dental Palatal Velar Glottal Stops Voiced Unaspirated bd Voiceless Unaspirated ptck Voiceless Aspirated ph th ch kh Spirants Voiceless Unaspirated fs Sonarants Voiced Semivowels wy Voiced Nasala mn n Voiced Lateral l Voiced Trill or Retroflex r Thai vowel phonemes Front Central Back Unrounded Rounded High i, ii, ia u, uu, ua Mid e, ee o, oo Low a, aa C.M. Joll, Muslim Merit-Making in Thailand’s Far-South, Muslims in Global 211 Societies Series 4, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-2485-3, C Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012 212 Appendix: Transcription of Vernacular Terms Pattani Malay consonant phonemes and vowels Pattani Malay consonant phonemes Bilabial Alvelar (Alveo-) Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal Stops Voiceless pt k ‘ Voiced bd g Fricaatives Voiceless fs r h Voiced z Affricates Voiceless ch Voiced jn Semivowels Voiced wy Nasals Voiced m n ny ng Lateral Voiced l Trill Voiced r Pattani Malay vowel phonemes Front Central Back Unrounded Rounded High i, in u, un ei ou Mid e e, en o, on Low a, an Abbreviations Ar. Arabic b. bin CD Compact disc cf. Compare CIS College of Islamic Studies NGO Non-governmental organization NU Nahdlatul Ulama Pal. Pali pl. Plural PM. Pattani Malay Pr. Persian PSTI Private school teaching Islam PSU Prince of Songkhla University, Pattani Campus sg. Singular Sk. Sanskrit SL Source language SM. Standard Malay Syn. Synonymous Th. Thai TL Target language Tm. Tamil Ur. Urdu VCD Video compact disc 213 This is Blank Page Integra 214 Glossary ‘ibadat (PM.) Islamic ritual practice (syn. ama ‘ibadat (PM.)) ‘Aqil baligh (Ar.) Age of religious responsibility (reached upon puberty) Adat (SM.) Malay customary practice Adhad al-gabr (Ar.) Torture in the grave Ahkam (Ar.) Degrees of approval in Islamic law Ahl bida’ah (Ar.) Innovators Ahl kubor (Ar.) The deceased Ahl sunnah (Ar.) Followers of the sunnah (example of the prophet) Ajr (Ar.) merit Akhirat (Ar.) The hereafter or afterlife Alam al-barzakh (Ar.) The world of the grave where the dead await resurrection, and judgment Al-ayyam (Ar.) The voluntary fasts on the eleventh, twelfth, and thirtieth of every month Al-rasul (Ar.) The messenger (title for Muhammad) Ama (PM.) Islamic ritual practice (syn. ama ‘ibadat (PM.)) Ama ‘ibadat (PM.) Islamic ritual practice (syn. ‘ibadat (PM.)) Amphur (Th.) District Amphur Muang (Th.) Municipality. Anok soleh (PM.) A righteous son or daughter (syn. anak saleh (SM.)) Aqiqoh (PM.) Seventh day naming ritual for new-born babies Arwi Tamil written in a modified Arabic script Arwoh (PM.) The soul of the deceased (syn. winyan (Th.)) Asar (PM.) Afternoon prayers Ashura (Ar.) The tenth day of Muharram. A voluntary fast day. Hadiths mention the Prophet’s hope that this would cover the sins of the coming year Azan (Ar.) The call to prayer ten minutes before the appointed time for salat (syn. be (PM.), bang (SM.)) Azima’ (PM.) Amulets used from protection from evil spirits Baap (Th.) Sin or demerit (syn. dosa (PM.)) Baht Thai Currency ($1US = 30 baht) Balasoh (PM.) Prayer room (syn. Th./PM. surau) 215 216 Glossary Balo (PM.) Disaster, calamity, occasionally punishment (syn. hed rai (Th.), bala (SM.)) Bana (PM.) Town (syn. bandar) Barzanji (AR.) Oracle to the Prophet Muhammad read at Mawlid feasts (syn. zanji (PM.)) Basmalah (Ar.) The innovation Bismillah al-rahman al-rrahim “In the name of God, the merciful, the compassionate” Batu nise kubor (PM.) Gravestones Be (PM.) Call to prayer (syn. bang (SM.), azan (Ar.)) Be (PM.) Older brother (Abang (SM.)) Be’woh (PM.) Religious Feast (a term more common in Narathiwat) (syn. wa’ make, wajike (PM.)) Berah (PM.) Uncooked rice Berakat (PM.) Barakah (Ar.) Blessing Berijihad di Pattani (PM.) The Struggle of Patani Bid’ah (Ar.) Religious practice that is not clearly sanctioned by authentic sources or is considered an innovation Buko poso (PM.) To break a fast (syn. kae buat (Th.)) Bun (Th.) Merit (syn. phonlabun (Th.), pahalo, bajike (PM.)) Chularajamontri (Th.) The shaykh-al-Islam who is recognized as the spiritual leader of the Muslims in Thailand and the royal advisor on Islamic matters Da’wah (Ar.) Islamic ‘mission’ (literally call) to both Muslims and non-Muslims. This functions as a synonym for the Tablighi Jama’at Dapa’ pahalo (PM.) To receive merit Dato’ Yutitham (Th.) Islamic judge Daun ro’ko’ (PM.) Cigarette grass. Dek ponok (PM.) Pondok students Doso (PM.) Sin or demerit (syn. dosa (SM.), baap (Th.)) Du’o (PM.) Prayer and petition (syn. do’a (Ar.)). Fardu (Ar.) Required or obligatory actions whose performance is meritorious and omission is punishable Fardu ‘in (Ar.) Personal religious responsibilities Fardu khifayah (Ar.) Religious responsibilities to the community Ghusl (Ar.) The major ablution involving a full bath Gula (PM.) Curry (syn. Kaeng (Th.)) Hadioh pahalo (PM.) To dedicate merit to someone (syn. Th. song/phee bun, PM. hadioh pahalo) Hadith (Ar.) Compiles traditions of the prophet Muhammad’s deeds and statements by his companions Haj (Ar.) Pilgrimage to Mecca Haj mabrup (Ar.) A pilgrimage resulting in all previous sins being forgiven Hajah (Ar.) Female pilgrim Haji (Ar.) Male pilgrim Halal (Ar.) That which is permitted Halaqah (Ar.) Study circle Glossary 217 Halq (Ar.) Ritual hair-shaving at the end of ihram Haram (Ar.) That which is forbidden (syn. hare (PM.)) Hare (PM.) That which is forbidden (syn haram (Ar.)) Hari Rayo (PM.) General term for Islamic festivals, or the three-day end of Ramadan celebrations (syn. Hari Raya (SM.), Id’Il-Fitr (Ar.)) Hari Rayo Haji (PM.) Festival of sacrifice (syn. Id’Il-Adha (Ar.)) Hasanah (Ar.) Good deeds Hed Rai (PM.) Disaster or calamity, though often also considered punishment (syn. balo (PM.)) Hijaz (Ar.) Eastern Peninsula Arabia, most importantly Mecca and Medina Hong thaew (Th.) Show house I’tikaf (Ar.) The final ten days of Ramadan Id’il-adha (Ar.) Festival of sacrifice (syn. Hari Rayo Haji (PM)) Id’il-fitr (Ar.) End of Ramadan celebrations (syn. Hari Rayo (PM.)) Ifraad haj (Ar.) The haj made without umroh Iftar (Ar.) The meal with which the fast is broken during Ramadan Ihram (Ar.) State of ritual purity while performing haj and umroh Ikhalah (Ar.) Sincerity, devotion (syn. ikhalas (SM.)) Ilumung (PM.) Religious knowledge Iqama (Ar.) Shortened version of the be after which salat commences Isaan (Th.) Northeast Thailand Iso (PM.) Night prayers. Isra’ (Ar.) Muhammad’s night journey to Jerusalem Jaba’ sale (PM.) To shake hands Jahiliyya (Ar.) The pre-Islamic period of Arab religious ignorance Jai bun (Th.) A meritorious person Jangwat (Th.) Province Jawi (PM.) Malay written in an Arabic script (syn. Yawi (Th.)) Ka’ (PM.) Older sister Kae buat (Th.) To break a fast (syn. buko poso (PM.)) Kaeng (Th.) Curry Kampung (PM.) Village Karachakarn (Th.) Thai civil servants Kemiye (PM.) Incense used while the corpse in being prepared for burial Kenduri (SM) Ritual meal, feast Kerajaan (SM) Malay Kingdom Khaek (Th.) A pejorative term used by Thais to refer to Muslims, and by some Thai Muslims in the upper southern provinces to refer to themselves Khairat (Ar.) Alms, good works Kham chern (Th.) Call (to perform the haj) (syn. seru (PM.)) Khanat Kamakarn Islam)(Th.) the Pattani Provincial Islamic Council (syn. Majlis Agama (SM.), Maljih Ugamo (PM.)) Kharo’ (PM.) Alms, good works Khon Thai (Th.) Thai nationals or Thai Buddhists Khon yaak jon (Th.) The poor (syn. muskin (PM.)) 218 Glossary Khong waan (Th.) Sweets khuruj (Ur.) “Mission” trips central to the methodology of the Tablighi Jama’at Khutba (PM.) Sermon Kiraamun kaatibeen (Ar.) The angels that record all good and bad deeds and intentions Ko thoot (Th.) To ask for forgiveness (syn. mito’ ma’af (PM)) Korbe (PM.) Animal Sacrifice (syn. qurbani (Ar.)) Kubor (PM.) Graveyard Kuen prasert (Th.) The most excellent night Kusala (Sk.) Merit Lamaat (Th.) Ritual prayer (syn. salat (Ar.), semaye (PM.), sembahyang (Th.)) Lamaat Juma’at (Th.) Congregational prayers (on Hari Rayo, or Fridays) (syn. lamaat wan suk (Th.)) Lamaat wan suk (Th.) Friday congregational prayers (syn. lamaat Juma’at (Th.)). Laylat Al Qadr (Ar.) The night of power Ligor (PM.) Nakhon Si Thammarat Lung (Th.) Uncle (syn. Pok (PM.)) Madhhab (Ar.) School of Islamic jurisprudence Mahzur (Ar.) Punishable actions (c.f. Ar. Haram) Majlih Ugamo (PM.) the Pattani Provincial Islamic Council (syn. Majlis Agama (SM.), Khanat Kamakarn Islam (Th.)) Make Pulot (PM.) Social feast associated with weddings, and circumcisions which those attending make a donation towards Make suhoor (PM.) Eating the pre-dawn meal in Ramadan Makruh (Ar.) Reprehensible actions that although are not punishable, are not disapproved of (c.f. fardu) Mandoob (Ar.) Recommended meritorious practice Markaz (Ur.) Religious centre Masuk Jawi (PM.) Circumcision Masyid (Th.) Mosque Mawlid (Ar.) Celebrations on the prophet Muhammad’s birthday Mayat (PM.) Corpse (syn. sop (Th.)) Mekkoh (PM.) Mecca Mi’raj (Ar.) The night of ascension of the prophet Mito’ ma’af (PM.) To ask for forgiveness (syn. ko thoot (Th.)) Mubah (Ar.) Indifferent actions neither punishable nor meritorious Muskin (PM.) The poor (syn. khon yaak jon (Th.)) Mustahab (Ar.) Desirable meritorious practice Muwahhidun (Ar.) Unitarians, A term preferred by the Wahhabi movement Nafilah (Ar.) Voluntary meritorious action whose non-action not punishable Nahdlatul Ulama (Id.) Indonesian traditionalist organization, “the awakening of the ulama” Ngaji Kure (PM.) Studying the Qur’an (syn. rian al-kuran (Th.)) Ngatek (PM.) Reciting tahlil,ortahlil, tahmid, tasbih Niat (PM.) Intention Glossary 219 Niqab (Ar.) Full-faced veil Nisfu Sha‘ban (Ar.) The middle of the month of Sha’ban by which all requirements of the previous year’s fast has been fulfilled. Norib (PM.) Dusk prayers (syn. Maghrib (Ar.)) Ore brao (PM.) “Wahhabi” Ore isle (PM.) Muslims Ore jawi (PM.) Muslims from Southeast Asia, Malays from South Thailand.
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