JMI Vol 10 (1) (2019): 57 – 65 J M I Jurnal Manajemen dan Inovasi http://www.jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/JInoMan

COST AND BENEFIT ANALYSIS ON BREKSI CLIFF THE FORMER LIMESTONE MINING IN

*NOTO PAMUNGKAS, SRI SURYANINGSUM, Accounting Department, Economic and Business Faculty, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta. *Corresponding email: [email protected]

Abstract This study aims to analyze the costs and benefits of the Breksi Cliff which is the former limestone mine in Yogyakarta. The type of data used in this study is primary data. The research is conducted by observation, library research, and in-depth interviews. The object of the research is the Breksi Cliff. The limestone mining activities have been started since the 1980s and now the quality of the limestone is also not suitable for mining and has no economic value. So that local residents creatively create the former limestone mining into a tourist attraction. The Breksi Cliff is a form of creative reclamation in the form of a natural museum that has historical value. The Breksi Cliff offers limestone relief which can also be used as an educational tour. Based on the estimated calculation of income per day if a normal day is IDR10,000,000, then at the weekend of IDR20,500,000, and in the holiday season reaches IDR51,250,000. However, there is no related regulation on retribution. Sleman District Government explained that until now there are no rules that regulate the attractions managed by citizens. It is expected that the Sleman Government will immediately make regulations related to tourist attractions managed by citizens. The retribution can also increase Regional Original Revenue (PADesa). Then infrastructure improvements should be considered more for the safety and comfort of tourists.

Key words Tourism, Reclamation, Mining, Cost and Benefit Analysis.

INTRODUCTION mining business activities to restore the is not only famous for its functions of the natural environment and diverse cultures and tribes but also its social functions according to local natural wealth. It is no longer a secret conditions throughout the mining area. that Indonesia's natural wealth is so Related to mining activities, Daerah numerous and varied. One of them is Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) is included in having a large enough mining potential. areas that have mining potential. In There are already enough areas to serve Sleman, DIY, there is a limestone mining. as a place for mining activities. Mining Limestone mining activities in Sambirejo, activities carried out continuously without , Sambirejo, Sleman, DIY stopping can cause natural damage. have been running since the 1980s. Therefore, in Law no. 4 of 2009 which Counting more than 20 years of limestone regulates the mining of minerals and coal mining activities are running. After there are several stages of mining mining activities stopped, post-mining activities that end with post-mining activities undertaken by local residents is activities. Post-mining activities are to make the reclamation of tourism. The planned, systematic, and continuing reclamation can be said to be quite activities after the end of part or all of the unique and has economic value that is not

57 Jurnal Manajemen dan Inovasi Vol. 9, No. 2, Oktober 2018 less competitive with mining activities. This section specifies the assistance With a creative improvement and clear and cooperation of the relevant regulation of Sleman District government apparatus required by Government, reclamation from mining the proponent to address the activities can also be used as a tourist environmental impacts of mining attraction. The existence of these activities in terms of cost, attractions also raises the potential of convenience, socioeconomic. new jobs for local residents. The tourist attraction is now known as Breksi Cliff. 3. Institutional Approach This section specifies the activities of each agency/other institution LITERATURE REVIEW involved in the implementation of Mining development and impact mitigation According to Law no. 4 of 2009 on activities of the general mining mineral and coal mining explains that activity plan in terms of authority, mining is part or all of the phases of responsibility, and inter-agency activities in the research, management relationships. and exploitation of minerals or coal covering general investigation, Environmental Issues Due to Mining exploration, feasibility study, Activities construction, mining, processing and Mining activities, in addition to refining, transportation and sales, and causing environmental impacts, have post-mining activities. The final activity of resulted in complex social impacts. mining is post-mining activities. Post- Therefore, the environmental impact mining activities are planned, systematic, analysis (AMDAL) of a mining activity and continuing activities after the end of should be able to answer two main part or all of the mining business objectives (World Bank, 1998) in (Mills, activities to restore the functioning of the 2014): natural environment and social functions 1. Ensure that environmental, social according to local conditions throughout and health costs are taken into the mining area. One of the post-mining consideration in determining activities is reclamation. Reclamation is economic feasibility and an activity undertaken throughout the determining alternative activities to mining business to organize, restore and be selected. improve the quality of the environment 2. Ensure that control, management, and ecosystem in order to function again. monitoring and protection measures are integrated within the Environmental Management project design and implementation Activities and closure plans. In the Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 78 Tourism Year 2010 on reclamation and Based on Law no. 10 of 2009 on pascatambang principle of protection and tourism states that the strategic area of environmental management of mining tourism is the area that has the main include: function of tourism or has the potential 1. Technology Approach for tourism development that has an It contains all planned physical and important influence in one or more biological environmental aspects, such as economic growth, social management techniques to address and cultural, natural resource the impacts of mining activities so empowerment, environmental carrying that further environmental capacity , as well as defense and security. sustainability can be maintained Tourism Destination is a geographical and even to improve / enhance its area located within one or more carrying capacity. administrative areas in which there are 2. Social Economic and Cultural tourist attractions, public facilities, Approach tourism facilities, accessibility, and interconnected communities and

58 Jurnal Manajemen dan Inovasi Vol. 9, No. 2, Oktober 2018 complete the realization of tourism. Data Collecting Method Related to this, Breksi Cliff has the potential as a tourist destination because The study was conducted by case it has an attraction in addition to it also study method, observations, literature available public facilities and accessibility research and in-depth interviews at to the location. Tourism is organized on Breksi Cliff were conducted for the basis of principles: benefits; kinship; approximately, February 2018 to July fair and equitable; balance; 2018. Researchers observed the activities independence; sustainability; in Breksi Cliff related to the cost and participative; sustainable; democratic; benefit analysis. Starting from the equality; and unity. estimated volume of visitors who come in every day, parking fees, money coming in (voluntary). From these data, researchers can calculate estimated Cost and Benefit Analysis (CBA) income in the Breksi Cliff. This study aims to answer research questions: How do According to Schniederjans et al. local residents manage tourist objects (2004), Cost and Benefit Analysis (CBA) Breksi Cliff? What is the government's is a technique for analyzing costs and action in regulating the retribution? How benefits that involve estimating and is governance or improvement of Breksi evaluating the benefits associated with Cliff in the future? What kind of beauty is alternative actions. This technique presented in the Breksi Cliff? How the compares the value of current benefits application of CBA on Breksi Cliff? with the investment of the same investment cost as a tool in decision making. The purpose of Cost and Benefit RESULT AND DISUCUSSION Analysis (CBA) is to determine or Breksi Cliff measure whether the usefulness of a project, program or activity is a good Sambirejo Village is one of the investment (cost) or not. The CBA also villages or villages in the Prambanan aims to provide a basis for comparing a Subdistrict, Sleman Regency, DIY project. Includes comparing the total Province. Based on the 2015 village expected cost of each option to the total monograph data, the Sambirejo Village expected profit, to see if the profit goes administratively borders the surrounding beyond cost and how much. area, which includes:

Northern boundary : Pereng Village, RESEARCH METHOD Prambanan District, Klaten Data Type Southern boundary : Sumberharjo According to Yasin et al (2016) in Village Prambanan Sleman District Suryaningsum (2017), the source of the data is divided into two types. First, Eastern boundary : Katekan Village, primary data means the data retrieval Prambanan District, Klaten directly from the source as the object of research and secondary data which West boundary : Madurejo Village, means data obtained indirectly from the Prambanan District, Sleman data previously obtained. The primary One tourist destination in Dusun data in this study is the result of Sambirejo, Prambanan, Sambirejo, observations from researchers in order to Sleman, Yogyakarta is quite interesting. analyze the costs and benefits of the Breksi Cliff, this tourist attraction does Breksi Cliff. not form naturally, its unique shape is like a carving of this masterpiece formed by eroded mining activities of building materials for many years since the 1980s and became a source of livelihood by local residents. Breksi Cliff presents a cliff with

59 Jurnal Manajemen dan Inovasi Vol. 9, No. 2, Oktober 2018 a classic carving, not inferior to the tourist Breksi cliff park attractions are (1) always attraction that is abroad. In addition, maintaining the cleanliness of the tourist tourists can enjoy the beauty of environment so that visitors always feel Yogyakarta from the top of the cliff. comfortable when visiting, (2) Tourists can enjoy the beauty of Breksi endeavored to renovate tourist Cliff from 05.00 am. The right time if attractions once every 6 months or once tourists want to see the sunrise. Breksi a year so that there is something different Cliff is closed at 6:00 pm. Breksi Cliff is in this tourist destination with the aim still fully managed by the local that the tourists are not saturated with community. Almost all of the officials and the same scenery, (3) add facilities and officers are domiciled in the area around infrastructure of tourism objects, (4) the Breksi cliff. increase promotion by planning art events once a week or once a month, (5) To enter this tourist attraction is required to managers tourist attraction to charged voluntary, while for motorcycle show friendly attitude to tourists. In parking will be charged tariff of IDR2.000, addition to community involvement in - and car parking charged IDR5.000, -. developing these tourism objects, the Although the cost is cheap and affordable, Tourism Office participated in but the management is quite good and contributing their role in the Breksi Cliff organized. Limestone mine that exist in tourism object development strategy. that place is volcanic ash deposits from The local tourism office is facilitating volcano Purba Nglanggeran in Gunung various needs of the community and Kidul. This means the area is included in tourists in supporting tourism activities. the cultural heritage that must be One example is the Yogyakarta City preserved. Sleman regency prepares to Tourism and Culture Department in formulate regent regulation regarding the collaboration with the local community to withdrawal of retribution in tourist area of make spatial arrangements and install Breksi Cliff, Prambanan. Regulation is WIFI facilities in Breksi Cliff tourism required immediately along with the objects. participation of this attraction in the Enchantment of Enchantment Indonesia Impact Analysis of Breksi Cliff 2017. The award is Anugerah Tourism in the Economy Enchantment Indonesia 2017 by Ministry of Tourism RI. Breksi Cliff wins the The development of Breksi cliff tourism category of New Destination Top Travel certainly has a good impact on the Destination along with a number of other economy of the local community. tourist object like Skywalk, Bandung. As Communities around the tourist area of of September 30th, 2017, Breksi Cliff Breksi Cliff are currently not only relying occupies the first position of voting to on the results of agricultural products as surpass Kumala Island, Kukar. a livelihood, but also participating in these tourism objects, such as selling, The Strategy for the Development of opening lodging, and also parking guards. Breksi Cliff Tourism Of course this can improve the economy of the community in the village of In business development, the Sambirejo, so as to improve the standard strategy is very important to be planned of living of the community. In other properly so as to be able to achieve the words, the development of Breksi Cliff desired target. In this case, the tourism objects can create jobs for people development strategy of the Breksi cliff who want to participate. For the negative tourism must be considered carefully by impact itself, so far the community has the tourism manager. While this strategy not felt it, because people feel more or effort to improve the quality of Breksi positive impact on the economy. Cliff tourism has been done even though it is not yet maximal because it is hampered by operational costs that are still lacking. The strategies that have been carried out by the managers of

60 Jurnal Manajemen dan Inovasi Vol. 9, No. 2, Oktober 2018

Cost and Benefit Analysis (CBA) approximately six months starting from Breksi Cliff February 2018 - July 2018 are as follows:

As prompted by Sultan NORMAL DAY Hamengkubuwana X that this Breksi Cliff Quantity Fee Amount has been long enough in the exploitation of limestone, so the quality of limestone Motorcycle 750 IDR2,000 IDR1,500,000 in the Breksi Cliff is no longer feasible and has a low economic value. Until then Car 250 IDR5,000 IDR1,250,000 formed tourist attractions Breksi Ciff that Entrance 2500 IDR3,000 IDR7,500,000 is now on the rise or in the level of Ticket popularity. CBA for limestone mining is considered not to provide maximum Total income per day IDR10,000,000 benefit when measured from costs incurred. The price of limestone is also not so expensive. Unlike the CBA Tebing breksi as a tourist attraction. The cost incurred for the reclamation of the tourist WEEKEND attraction is considered capable of providing high benefits because this one Quantity Fee Amount tourist attraction has a lot of visitors. The result of retribution and parking can be Motorcycle 1500 IDR2,000 IDR3,000,000 allocated for the revamping of tourism object and its infrastructure. Car 500 IDR5,000 IDR2,500,000

From the analysis of benefits also Entrance 5000 IDR3,000 RP15,000,000 for the route to the Breksi Cliff not only to Ticket Breksi Cliff but also the route to go to other tourist attractions such as Ijo Total income per day IDR20,500,000 Temple. In addition, local residents can make tourism packages, where tourists can visit several tourist attractions in Dusun Sambirejo. So with these distant HOLIDAY SEASON routes and difficult roads, tourists can enjoy more than one tourist attraction. Quantity Fee Amount There is also a large volume of visitors. Motorcycle 3750 IDR2,000 IDR7,500,000 When a normal day the number of visitors reaches 2,500 visitors and then towards Car 1250 IDR5,000 IDR6,250,000 the weekend can reach 5,000 visitors. When the holiday season comes the Entrance 12500 IDR3,000 IDR37,500,000 number of visitors can increase 5 times Ticket from the usual day of reaching 12,500 visitors. From the withdrawal for parking Total income per day IDR51.250.000 fees, it is able to generate quite a lot of income. Based on the number of visitors it can generate considerable retribution, if the local government immediately make regulations on retribution of tourist Impact Analysis of Breksi Cliff objects managed by citizens. Because it Tourism in the Social Field can increase the Regional Original Income (PAD) which can later be allocated to the The development of Breksi cliff tourism interests of the community. has a positive and negative impact in the social field. The positive impact is mutual Estimated income / income of respect and tolerance between local breccia cliffs per day based on the results people and migrants. For example by of observations and observations respecting and accepting culture among conducted by researchers for fellow visitors or tourists who accept local

61 Jurnal Manajemen dan Inovasi Vol. 9, No. 2, Oktober 2018 culture and local community members Feasibility Analysis of Breccia Cliff who accept culture among others, be it Tourism visitors or tourists who accept local culture and local residents who receive Based on the explanation about the culture from the outside well. While the strategy and also the impact of tourism negative impact that can be felt is the development on the economic, social and existence of social irregularities. For cultural fields, the writer will try to example, when on the Breksi cliff is analyze the tourism feasibility of Breksi holding certain events there are some cliff in terms of some of these fields. In people who bring liquor into the tourist the field of social economy, Breksi cliff attraction to get drunk and there are also tourism can be declared feasible on the a group of young people who like grounds that the presence of tourism can reckless, causing noise in tourism objects improve the economy and standard of to seek popularity by showing their group living for local communities. In addition, identity . However, all of that can be these tours can be used as a means to conditioned because the management promote various local cultures or arts and the village government have which are now being displaced by foreign coordinated to anticipate such things. The cultures entering Indonesia. Feasibility in method carried out by the village terms of tourism promotion can be said government usually calls a person or to be feasible, the proof is that these group of people who deviate to be given tourism objects are very popular among socialization and a warning not to repeat. the public, many visitors come to enjoy the beauty of Breksi cliff tourism. The Impact Analysis of Breccia Cliff tourism object also presents views that Tourism in the Field of Culture can spoil the eyes of visitors. Even though the tourism infrastructure still has to be The development of Breksi cliff tourism improved, the Breksi Cliff is already has a positive and negative impact on the worthy of being recommended as a must- cultural field. The positive impact is that visit in Yogyakarta. On the other hand, we become more familiar with other there are things that are stated to be still people's culture. For example at the time not feasible for the author is the access of the holding of a Yogyakarta art festival road to tourist sites. Roads that are uphill at Tebing Breksi on 8 September 2016, at and narrow will make it difficult for which time a culture was displayed from visitors to reach the location of Breksi Cliff several regions in Yogyakarta. For tourism objects. We recommend that example Tayub (Gunung Kidul) culture, road access to tourist sites be improved Reog Wayang (Bantul), Kesenian so that from the affordability aspect, Krumpyung (Kulon Progo). For the Breksi cliff tourism can be declared negative impact that can be felt is the feasible because it does not endanger influence of other cultures that will flow visitors during the trip to tourist sites. For naturally and slowly influence the existing tourism management, there should be cultural structures in the Sambirejo interference from the government, community. All that is seen when there because the government is able to are some people who used to live improve the quality of tourism with modestly to become consumptive living development more easily than the patterns, starting to reduce the sense of management of the community togetherness, especially for those who independently. If this can happen, then compete in selling around tourist Breksi cliff will be more suitable as a attractions even though only a few tourist place. people.

62 Jurnal Manajemen dan Inovasi Vol. 9, No. 2, Oktober 2018

Problems Encountered and to the needs and potential of the village. Corrections Village potential that is feasible to be developed and managed through Infrastructure Leading to Breksi Cliff. BUMDes is rural resources, the efforts of rural communities that have not been The road to the Breksi Cliff is still far partially accommodated and constrained from the level of feasibility, because there by many things such as capital, are still broken roads and perforations. management of products (rural Given the field to Breksi Cliff is quite industries), marketing and others, as well steep, with such road conditions it is as businesses that are not optimal feared to cause an accident. We explored. The formation of BUMDes will recommend that the people who manage be an instrument for the formation and the Breksi Cliff pay more attention to improvement of the revenue or infrastructure improvements. Pendapatan Asli Desa (PADesa). The formation and improvement of PADesa Infrastructure Under Construction. will be the capital for the establishment of Currently the construction of development activities through local lodging in Breksi cliff is currently being (village) initiatives, so that it will carried out. The construction of the inn is gradually reduce dependence on the expected to continue to pay attention to government. Capital of BUMDes Article 39 the surrounding environment, so that the paragraph 2 Government Regulation No. construction of inns to increase the 72 of 2005, explains that the capital of a attractiveness of tourists will actually Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) can damage the surrounding environment come from: which should be maintained. In this case a. Village government, the role of the government is also very b. Community savings, much needed in connection with c. Government, Government, permission to establish a business. It is Provincial Government and expected that the establishment of an inn District / City Government has secured a permit with a selective Assistance, system, so that it is expected to minimize d. Loans, and / or environmental damage and other e. Equity participation of other conflicts that might occur. parties or profit sharing There is No Regulation for cooperation on the basis of mutual Retribution of Tourist Objects benefits. Managed by The Community. Based on this, then for the establishment and development of BUMDes the Although Breksi Cliff tourism Sambirejo community can obtain capital object has long been opened, but until from the government through APBDes. If now there has been no regulation the tour can be managed by the village governing the retribution of tourist government, then it is expected to objects managed by the community. contribute to the improvement of Sleman Regency Government explained PADesa, considering that the turnover of that up to now it has not been made to the tour is quite a lot. This is what is the rules related to tourist attraction fees meant by empowerment that is oriented that are managed by the community. This towards self-sufficiency and potential should be even better if independence with the availability of managed in an organized manner management funds and development through Badan Usaha Milik Desa financing for the village. If rural (BUMDes). BUMDes in the tourism development works well, it is expected to management village in this case Sleman, have an impact on improving the quality should have to be equipped with a clear of life of rural communities. With the legal umbrella, namely having a Village availability of PADesa, the village Regulation that manages the tour. The government will have the ability to plan development of BUMDes as an effort to and implement rural development to get consolidate the rural economy is oriented out of poverty, because it has the ability

63 Jurnal Manajemen dan Inovasi Vol. 9, No. 2, Oktober 2018 to provide infrastructure and other Pamungkas, Noto. 2018. Keindahan important facilities by not only waiting for Tebing Breksi Tinggalan Tambang the development of the government, Kapur Yogyakarta. Artikel Publikasi. provincial government and local http://detakpos.com/mobile- government (Pamungkas and detil.php?cat=183&idx=5121. Suryaningsum, 2017). Diakses 02 Juli 2018, pukul 20.00 WIB. CONCLUSION Radar Jogja. 2017. Tebing Breksi Layak Breksi Cliff is not naturally formed, Untuk Ditarik Retribusi. Berita its unique shape is like a masterpiece Redaksi. carving was formed due to eroded mining https://www.radarjogja.co.id/2017 activities of building materials for many /10/25/tebing-breksi-layak-untuk- years since the 80s and became a source ditarik-retribusi/. Diakses 01 Juli of livelihood by local residents. Based on 2018, pukul 19.00 WIB. CBA, Breksi Cliff provide more benefits Suryaningsum, Sri. 2016. Jangan when used as a tourist attraction than Gantungkan Pendapatan dari mining if judged from the cost incurred. Migas. The management of Breksi Cliff tourism is https://jatim.antaranews.com/berit entirely managed by local residents and a/172523/sri-suryaningsum- there are still some improvements to be jangan-gantungkan-pendapatan- made such as road repairs and other dari-migas. Diakses 03 Juli 2018, infrastructures. Improvement of pukul 08.00 WIB. infrastructure such as highways to Tebing Suryaningsum, Sri. 2017. “Due Diligence” breksi for tourists to feel safe in their pada Holding Pertambangan. journey. Breksi Cliff management can http://detakpos.com/berita- make tourism packages around detil.php?cat=&idx=1020. Diakses Sambirejo Hamlet. We recommend that 03 Juli 2018, pukul 08.00 WIB. the formulation of regulation related to Suryaningsum, Sri. 2017. “Participating the retribution of the tourism object Interest” Bagi Daerah Migas Untuk which is managed by the residents should Peningkatan Kesejahteraan. be immediately established, since the http://detakpos.com/berita- retribution can increase the local detil.php?cat=&idx=1050. Diakses revenue. 03 Juli 2018, pukul 09.00 WIB. Suryaningsum, Sri. 2017. Pembentukan “Holding” BUMN Pertambangan REFERENCES Tingkat “Bargaining Power”. Mills, Joseph. 2014. Amdal Pada Bidang http://detakpos.com/berita- Pertambangan. detil.php?cat=&idx=3121. Diakses https://www.scribd.com/doc/2323 03 Juli 2018, pukul 09.00 WIB. 54699/Amdal-Pada-Bidang- Suryaningsum, Sri. 2017. Reklamasi Pertambangan. Diakses pada 02 Lahan Pasca Tambang. Juli 2018, pukul 19.00 WIB. http://detakpos.com/berita- Pamungkas, Noto. 2017. Keterkaitan detil.php?cat=&idx=828. Diakses Tata Kelola Pertambangan dengan 03 Juli 2018, pukul 13.00 WIB. Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup. Suyoto. 2015. Enam Elemen Artikel Publikasi. Pembangunan Berkelanjutan http://detakpos.com/mobile- Bojonegoro. detil.php?cat=142&idx=809. http://bojonegorokab.go.id/berita/ Diakses 02 Juli 2018, pukul 19.00 baca/110/ENAM-ELEMEN- WIB. PEMBANGUNAN-BERKELANJUTAN- Pamungkas, Noto. 2017. Sawahlunto BOJONEGORO-. Diakses 02 Juli, Menjadi Kota Wisata. Artikel pukul 21.00 WIB. Publikasi. Suyoto. 2015b. Strategi Pengelolaan http://detakpos.com/berita- Pemerintah Daerah. Semnas detil.php?cat=&idx=1065. Diakses Pembangunan Indonesia UPN 02 Juli 2018, pukul 19.00 WIB. “Veteran” Yogyakarta.

64 Jurnal Manajemen dan Inovasi Vol. 9, No. 2, Oktober 2018

Wikipedia. 2018. Kabupaten Sleman. https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabup aten_Sleman. Diakses 02 Juli 2018, pukul 15.00 WIB. Wikipedia. 2018. Tebing Breksi. https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tebin g_Breksi. Diakses 02 Juli 2018, pukul 15.00 WIB.

65