Protecting Civilians from Explosive Violence
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Onderzoeksopzet
'Truth is the first casualty' How does embedded journalism influence the news coverage of TFU in the period 2006-2010? Barbara Werdmuller Master thesis Political Science Campus Den Haag, University of Leiden June 2012 For all soldiers and journalists who risk their lives by fulfilling their private mission in war zones. 2 Word of thanks The author of this research wishes to thank the following persons for their contribution to the realization of this thesis. First, the editors and journalists of the analyzed papers and news magazines for their feedback regarding reporter status and views regarding (non-)embedded journalism. Second, the two supervisors Jan van der Meulen and Frits Meijerink for their constructive feedback and advice with regard to analysis of literature, execution of the research and statistical analysis. Third, Maria Werdmuller for assistance with the import of analyzed data in SPSS. Last but not least, Carlos Vrins and Mark Pijnenburg for their feedback and words of encouragement in the process of research and writing of the thesis. 3 Table of content Summary 6 1 Introduction: 'Truth is the first casualty' 7 1a The phenomenon of embedded journalism 7 1b Research question and structure of the research report 8 2 War journalism and embedded journalism 10 2a The impact of war journalism 10 2b The profession of war journalist 11 2c Developments in war journalism in the 20th and 21th century 13 2d A case of embedded journalism: Iraq 13 2e Overview 15 3 A Dutch case of embedded journalism: Task Force Uruzgan 16 3a The embed -
Explosive Weapon Effectsweapon Overview Effects
CHARACTERISATION OF EXPLOSIVE WEAPONS EXPLOSIVEEXPLOSIVE WEAPON EFFECTSWEAPON OVERVIEW EFFECTS FINAL REPORT ABOUT THE GICHD AND THE PROJECT The Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD) is an expert organisation working to reduce the impact of mines, cluster munitions and other explosive hazards, in close partnership with states, the UN and other human security actors. Based at the Maison de la paix in Geneva, the GICHD employs around 55 staff from over 15 countries with unique expertise and knowledge. Our work is made possible by core contributions, project funding and in-kind support from more than 20 governments and organisations. Motivated by its strategic goal to improve human security and equipped with subject expertise in explosive hazards, the GICHD launched a research project to characterise explosive weapons. The GICHD perceives the debate on explosive weapons in populated areas (EWIPA) as an important humanitarian issue. The aim of this research into explosive weapons characteristics and their immediate, destructive effects on humans and structures, is to help inform the ongoing discussions on EWIPA, intended to reduce harm to civilians. The intention of the research is not to discuss the moral, political or legal implications of using explosive weapon systems in populated areas, but to examine their characteristics, effects and use from a technical perspective. The research project started in January 2015 and was guided and advised by a group of 18 international experts dealing with weapons-related research and practitioners who address the implications of explosive weapons in the humanitarian, policy, advocacy and legal fields. This report and its annexes integrate the research efforts of the characterisation of explosive weapons (CEW) project in 2015-2016 and make reference to key information sources in this domain. -
Soldiers in Conflict
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/208863 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-10-04 and may be subject to change. Soldiers in Conflict Moral Injury, Political Practices and Public Perceptions Typography and design: Merel de Hart, Multimedia NLDA, Breda Cover illustration: Mei-Li Nieuwland Illustration (Lonomo), Amsterdam © 2019 Tine Molendijk All rights reserved. No part of this dissertation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written consent of the author. ISBN/EAN: 978-94-93124-04-2 Soldiers in Conflict Moral Injury, Political Practices and Public Perceptions Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen op gezag van de rector magnificus prof. dr. J.H.J.M. van Krieken, volgens besluit van het college van decanen in het openbaar te verdedigen op dinsdag 7 januari 2020 om 10:30 uur precies door Tine Molendijk geboren op 23 februari 1987 te Ezinge Promotoren Prof. dr. D.E.M. Verweij Prof. dr. F.J. Kramer Nederlandse Defensie Academie Copromotor Dr. W.M. Verkoren Manuscriptcommissie Prof. dr. M.L.J. Wissenburg Prof. dr. J.J.L. Derksen Prof. dr. J. Duyndam Universiteit voor Humanistiek Dr. E. Grassiani Universiteit van Amsterdam Dr. C.P.M. Klep Universiteit Utrecht Onderzoek voor dit proefschrift werd mede mogelijk gemaakt door de Nederlandse Defensie Academie (NLDA) Contents Contents Contents ..................................................................................................................6 Glossary of Military Terms and Ranks ..................................................................... -
Explosive Weapons in Populated Areas
THE PROBLEM BACKGROUND PAPER |JUNE 2018 What is the problem? Explosive weapons, particularly explosive weapons that affect a wide area, kill and injure large numbers of civilians when used in villages, towns and cities. Explosive weapons are usually weapons of war. Although civilians Explosive weapons in may not be targeted in war and must be protected against the effects of weapons, when explosive weapons are used in cities, towns and populated areas - key villages, it is often civilians that are most severely affected. When explosive weapons are used in populated areas, over 90 per cent of questions and answers casualties are reportedly civilians.1 Not only do explosive weapons kill and injure, but such attacks, especially if repeated or prolonged, also severely affect people through damage to infrastructure and psychological distress. Such attacks can destroy infrastructure vital The International Network on Explosive Weapons to the wellbeing and the survival of civilians, such as homes, power (INEW) is an NGO partnership calling for immediate plants, water pipes, schools and hospitals – resulting in displace- action to prevent human suffering from the use of ment, disrupted education and the loss of healthcare. explosive weapons in populated areas. This paper presents common questions and answers regarding With a large number of civilians killed or injured directly each year, the problem and the solutions INEW is calling for. and many others harmed indirectly, curbing the use of explosive www.inew.org weapons in populated areas would save lives, alleviate the suffering of civilian populations during war, facilitate post-conflict recovery and reduce contamination by unexploded ordinance. -
The Reverberating Effects of Explosive Weapon Use in Syria Contents
THE REVERBERATING EFFECTS OF EXPLOSIVE WEAPON USE IN SYRIA CONTENTS Introduction 4 1.1 Timeline 6 1.2 Worst locations 8 1.3 Weapon types 11 1.4 Actors 12 Health 14 Economy 19 Environment 24 Society and Culture 30 Conclusion 36 Recommendations 37 Report by Jennifer Dathan Notes 38 Additional research by Silvia Ffiore, Leo San Laureano, Juliana Suess and George Yaolong Editor Iain Overton Copyright © Action on Armed Violence (January 2019) Cover illustration Syrian children play outside their home in Gaziantep, Turkey by Jennifer Dathan Design and printing Tutaev Design Clarifications or corrections from interested parties are welcome Research and publication funded by the Government of Norway, Ministry of Foreign Affairs 4 | ACTION ON ARMED VIOLENCE REVERBERATING EFFECTS OF EXPLOSIVE WEAPONS IN SYRIA | 5 INTRODUCTION The use of explosive weapons, particularly in populated noticed the following year that, whilst total civilian families from both returning to their homes and using areas, causes wide-spread and long-term harm to casualties (deaths and injuries) were just below that their land. Such impact has devastating and lingering civilians. Action on Armed Violence (AOAV) has been of the previous year, civilian deaths had increased by consequences for communities and cultures. monitoring casualties from the use of explosive 50% (from 5,639 in 2016 to 8,463 in 2017). As the war weapons around the globe since 2010. So extreme continued, injuries were increasingly less likely to be In this report, AOAV seeks to better understand the has such harm been in Syria in recent years that, recorded - particularly in incidents where there were reverberating harms from the explosive violence in by the end of 2017, Syria had overtaken Iraq as the high levels of civilian deaths. -
Damage to the Built Environment from the Use of Explosive Weapons
BRIEFING PAPER | SEPTEMBER 2013 Damage to the built environment from the use of explosive weapons It is a distinctive feature of explosive weapons that they, by contrast with firearms, can cause very severe damage to the built environment. For some types of explosive weapons, the capacity to damage or destroy buildings is an important aspect of their perceived military utility. However, when used in a built environment, explosive weapons with wide area effects (‘heavy explosive weapons’) create elevated humanitarian risks. This is due to: Aleppo, Syria – 2013 © Hannah Lucinda Smith × the potential for explosive force to cause the collapse of a building hit with a heavy explosive weapon; How explosive weapons affect × the potential of heavy explosive weapons to damage buildings and structures buildings other than the one directly hit, sometimes over a wide area: Explosive weapons affect structures and other objects in the vicinity of a detonation mainly through blast pressure, impact damage and • collapsing structures can cause damage to heat. 1 The scope and type of damage from an explosive weapon neighbouring buildings; depends on a variety of factors, including the energy output of the • the propagation of the blast wave can damage buildings in detonation, the location of the detonation relative to the affected the wider surroundings; and/or structure (distance), the incident angle, and the affected structures’ • multiple explosive weapons launched at an area or characteristics.2 In terms of their impact on buildings: inaccurate delivery of an explosive weapon can hit buildings within an area that are not the intended targets; Blast from the detonation of an explosive weapon can destroy or severely damage portions of a building’s external and internal × the concentration of public service infrastructure in towns and structural framework. -
Surface Torpedo Tactics: Rules & Reality
Surface Torpedo Tactics: Rules & Reality Michael W. Harris! Cold Wars 2010! ! Admiralty Trilogy Seminar! Outline • Basic Considerations • Planning an Attack • Aiming the Torpedo • What are Torpedo Tactics really all about? • World War I • World War 2 • Modern (not really) • Conclusion 2 Torpedo Attack - Basic Considerations Basic Intercept Triangle • Launch Point (Bearing and Range of Shooter to Target) • Torpedo Run (Distance and Speed Torpedo Travels) • Target Run (Distance and Speed Target Travels) Target Run Track Angle = 90° Torpedo Run Launch Point 3 Torpedo Attack - Basic Considerations (cont.) • Single Target vs Target Area (i.e. Battle Line) • Single Shot vs Salvo (dispersion) • Single Shooter vs Multiple Shooters – By Division – Separate Angles Battle Line Aim Point of Attack Torpedo Shooters 4 Planning a Model Torpedo Attack Decision Point 1/Turn 1 – Where do I need to be for best torpedo attack? - Must log ship course and speed for next turn - Anticipate target ship(s) course and speed in Turn 2 - Try to get ship to best target angle and shortest run for torpedo run - Hint: Have good idea on the distance your torpedo will travel in one turn Turn 1 Turn 2 Turn 3 Turn 4 Target Run 90 deg Decision Point 2 – What is best course and speed for - Torpedo Course Torpedo my torpedo to intercept the target? Run - Torpedo Speed - Torpedo is in the water and moves next turn - Torpedo Depth - Anticipate target ship(s) course and speed in Turn 3 - Hint: This example assumes perfect 90 target angle, if not then get best angle possible - Hint: Deflection angle tables in rules can help to aim Turn 3 your torpedo Turn 1 WANT TO BE HERE! Turn 4 Turn 2 Decision Point 3 – Where do I go now? - Do I need to make another torpedo attack while here or run like h**l? 5 Tactics in Your Plan How to get to Launch Point . -
Menu of Indicators to Measure the Reverberating Effects on Civilians from the Use of Explosive Weapons in Populated Areas
REFERENCE FRAMEWORK: MENU OF INDICATORS TO MEASURE THE REVERBERATING EFFECTS ON CIVILIANS FROM THE USE OF EXPLOSIVE WEAPONS IN POPULATED AREAS CHRISTINA WILLE & ALFREDO MALARET BALDO VERSION 1 ABOUT UNIDIR This reference framework should be considered a working document subject to changes, The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) is a voluntarily additions, editions and corrections. The authors may revise and correct the text, without funded, autonomous institute within the United Nations. One of the few policy announcing the edits or issuing a formal erratum. As such, users are encouraged to use the most institutes worldwide focusing on disarmament, UNIDIR generates knowledge and updated version of this research framework, as posted on the unidir.org site. promotes dialogue and action on disarmament and security. Based in Geneva, UNIDIR UNIDIR welcomes and encourages all feedback on improving the present menu of indicators and assists the international community to develop the practical, innovative ideas needed building on it for future iterations. This is a UNIDIR Tool, designed to contribute to ongoing efforts to find solutions to critical security problems. to protect civilians in conflict and attain the Sustainable Development Goals. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Please share comments and feedback with [email protected]. Support from UNIDIR core funders provides the foundation for all the Institute’s unidir.org | © UNIDIR 2020 activities. This research area of the Conventional Arms Programme is supported by For best viewing: go to View > Page Display > Two Page View the Government of Germany. CONTRIBUTORS This research framework recognizes the important work of the International Committee of the Red Cross, Insecurity Insight, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs, and the World Health Organization, on which this product is grounded. -
Promoting Good Governance in the Security Sector: Principles and Challenges
Promoting Good Governance in the Security Sector: Principles and Challenges Mert Kayhan & Merijn Hartog, editors 2013 GREENWOOD PAPER 28 Promoting Good Governance in the Security Sector: Principles and Challenges Editors: Mert Kayhan and Merijn Hartog First published in February 2013 by The Centre of European Security Studies (CESS) Lutkenieuwstraat 31 A 9712 AW Groningen The Netherlands Chairman of the Board: Peter Volten ISBN: 978-90-76301-29-7 Copyright © 2013 by CESS All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. The Centre for European Security Studies (CESS) is an independent institute for research, consultancy, education and training, based in the Netherlands. Its aim is to promote transparent, accountable and effective governance of the security sector, broadly defined. It seeks to advance democracy and the rule of law, help governments and civil society face their security challenges, and further the civilized and lawful resolution of conflict. The Man behind the Greenwood Papers Resting his fists on the lectern, he would fix his audience with a glare and pronounce: “REVEAL, EXPLAIN AND JUSTIFY.” It was his golden rule of democratic governance. David Greenwood was born in England in 1937 and died in 2009 in Scotland. He first worked for the British Ministry of Defence, then went on to teach political economy at Aberdeen University, where he later became the director of the Centre for Defence Studies. In 1997, David Greenwood joined the Centre for European Security Studies in the Netherlands as its Research Director. -
Order and Chaos in the Interoperability Continuum Gans, Ben
Tilburg University Stabilisation operations as complex systems - order and chaos in the interoperability continuum Gans, Ben DOI: 10.26116/center-lis-1916 Publication date: 2019 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in Tilburg University Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Gans, B. (2019). Stabilisation operations as complex systems - order and chaos in the interoperability continuum. CentER, Center for Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.26116/center-lis-1916 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 29. sep. 2021 Stabilisation operations as complex systems order and chaos in the interoperability continuum 1 2 Stabilisation operations as complex systems order and chaos in the interoperability continuum PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan Tilburg University op gezag van prof. dr. G.M. Duijsters, als tijdelijk waarnemer van de functie rector magnificus en uit dien hoofde vervangend voorzitter van het college voor promoties, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties aangewezen commissie in de Aula van de Universiteit op maandag 01 juli 2019, om 13.30 uur door Ben Gans geboren op 09 oktober 1981 te Utrecht 3 Promotor: Prof. -
Terrorism in Afghanistan: a Joint Threat Assessment
Terrorism in Afghanistan: A Joint Threat Assessment Terrorism in Afghanistan: A Joint Threat Assessment Introduction 7 Chapter I: Afghanistan’s Security Situation and Peace Process: Comparing U.S. and Russian Perspectives (Barnett R. Rubin) 9 Chapter II: Militant Terrorist Groups in, and Connected to, Afghanistan (Ekaterina Stepanova and Javid Ahmad) 24 Chapter III: Afghanistan in the Regional Security Interplay Context (Andrey Kazantsev and Thomas F. Lynch III) 41 Major Findings and Conclusions 67 Appendix A: Protecting Afghanistan’s Borders: U.S. and Russia to Lead in a Regional Counterterrorism Effort (George Gavrilis) 72 Appendix B: Arms Supplies for Afghan Militants and Terrorists (Vadim Kozyulin) 75 Appendix C: Terrorism Financing: Understanding Afghanistan’s Specifics (Konstantin Sorokin and Vladimir Ivanov) 79 Acronyms 83 Terrorism in Afghanistan Joint U.S.-Russia Working Group on Counterterrorism in Afghanistan Working Group Experts: Javid Ahmad1 Senior Fellow, Atlantic Council Sher Jan Ahmadzai Director, Center for Afghanistan Studies, University of Nebraska at Omaha Robert Finn Former Ambassador of the United States to Afghanistan George Gavrilis Fellow, Center for Democracy, Toleration, and Religion, University of California, Berkeley Andrey Kazantsev Director, Center for Central Asian and Afghan Studies, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO University) Kirill Koktysh Associate Professor, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO University) Member, Expert Council, State Duma Committee of Nationalities Mikhail Konarovsky Former Ambassador of the Russian Federation to Afghanistan Col. (Ret.) Oleg V. Kulakov* Professor of Area Studies, Military University, Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation Vadim Kozyulin Member, PIR Center Executive Board Researcher, Diplomatic Academy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation Thomas F. -
Preventing Gender-Based Violence Through Arms Control: Tools And
PREVENTING GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE THROUGH ARMS CONTROL Tools and guidelines to implement the Arms Trade Treaty and UN Programme of Action © 2016 Reaching Critical Will of the Women’s International Thanks to Maria Butler, Mia Gandenberger, María Muñoz League for Peace and Freedom Maraver, and Sofia Tuvestad for reviewing this paper and providing comments and suggestions. APRIL 2016 PREVENTING GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE THROUGH Thanks to Christer Ahlström, Emma Bjertén-Günther, Mark ARMS CONTROL - Tools and guidelines to implement the Bromley, Dongmo Feugap, Hardy Giezendanner, Maribel Arms Trade Treaty and UN Programme of Action Hernández, Paul Holtom, Martin Krueger, Justine Kwachu, Manuel Martínez, Patrick McCarthy, Ramon Muro Martinez, 1st edition Jasmin Nario-Galace, Sarah Parker, Cédric Poitevin, Martha 68 pp. Quintero, Mike Reilly, Katherine Ronderos, Nauris Rumpe, Rachel Stohl, Leonard Tettey, Faman A. Toure, and Stelios Permission is granted for non-commercial reproduction, Zachariou for taking the time to answer questions and copying, distribution, and transmission of this publication or provide information and assistance, Also, thank you to Marc parts thereof so long as full credit is given to the coordinating Finaud of the Geneva Center for Security Policy for providing project and organization, editor, and relevant authors; the information and assistance during the preparatory process. text is not altered, transformed, or built upon; and for any reuse or distribution, these terms are made clear to others. Written by Rebecca Gerome