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1999 Wesleyan Holiness Studies Center bulletin 7:2 (Summer 1999) Wesleyan Holiness Studies Center

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David E. Harrell Comments at the Opening of the John Carver Collection

ubject to public ridicule including charismatics, are Manila. The pentecostal claim The first dramatic spark for and harassment for often exaggerations. At best, that their movement is now postwar revival came from a Smuch of the twentieth popular estimates of the num­ the largest Protestant family seri es of healing revivals con­ century, pentecostals, by the bers of pentecostals/ charis­ of churches in the world, ducted largely among end of the millennium, had matics stretch the meaning of based on the monumental Oneness Pentecostal earned the begrudging atten­ theological categori es beyond World Christian Encyclopedia Churches by an unconven­ tion, sometimes even the recognition. At worst, the edited by David Barrett, is less tional and mystical indepen­ admiration, of their more numbers are pure boosterism. triumphal breast-beating than dent Baptist preacher from staid religious neighbors. No Nonetheless, from time-to­ proven fact. No one can Jeffersonvi ll e, Indiana, who one could have predicted time, any casual observer in doubt that the Holy Spirit is had embraced the supernatu­ such a transformation in the the United States will pass a moving powerfully in devel­ ralism of , I 920s. In the early twentieth new multi-million dollar, oping countries in Asia, South William Marrion Branham. In century, those religious space-age sanctuary housing a America, and Africa. It is clear an electrifying series of heal­ observers who were aware bulging pentecostal or inde­ that the growth of pente­ ing meetings in St. Louis and that pentecostals existed pendent charismatic congre­ costal! charismatic churches Arkansas in 1946, thousands labeled them "holy rollers; gation. Outside the United around the world is a phe­ of people came to witness pictured them as faintly States, the pentecostal stirring nomenon that demands study Branham lay hands on the berserk, and presumed that sick and reputedly raise the their bizarre rituals would dead. By the spring of 1947 remain confined to the oak Branham had attracted the thickets of the outback and Hlho would have believed that these "holy attention and support of sev­ sl um missions in the cities. eral veteran pentecostal pro­ Who would have believed rollers" would be the grandparents oj sophis­ moters and managers, includ­ that these "holy rollers" would ing Gordon Lindsay, subse­ be the grandparents of sophis­ ticated charismatics, and that tongues speak­ quently the editor of the ticated charismatics and that Voice of Healing magazine tongues speaking (upgraded, ing would reverberate through the ballrooms ( I 948) and head of Christ for to be sure, to glossolalia) the Nations, and the postwar would reverberate through ojHilton Hotels? healing reviva l began to take the ballrooms of Hilton form. The word of Branham's hotels? extraordinary gifts spread like Of course, history is filled wildfire through the pente­ with ironies. It is the calling of costal world, and by I 947 the historians to explain how it is changing the religious and explanation. had momen­ came to pass that the curious demography of the Christian There was nothing sub­ tarily broken the bitterest the­ became commonplace and world. A recent li sting of the stantially new about the inde­ ological barrier separating the meek inherited the earth. twenty-five largest Protestant pendent healing revival that pentecostal denominations- a The growth of pentecostal churches in the world includ­ broke out in the pentecostal contentious debate on the churches, and even more ed twelve pentecostal congre­ subculture in 1947. The post­ Trinity. striking, the spread of pente­ gations in South Korea. The war evangeli sts knew about William Branham was an costal theology is probably largest Protestant church in and borrowed from an earlier enigmatic, almost surreal per­ the most important Protestant the world is Pastor Paul Y. generation of healing evange­ sonality and in earl y 1948, to story of the twentieth century. Cho's Yoido Full Gospel li sts that included Aimee the astonishment of his han­ Counting religious heads is a Church in Seoul. In the top Semple McPherson, Smith dl ers, Branham announced tricky business, and the most ten were two other churches Wigglesworth, and Charles that he was withdrawing from exuberant numerical claims of in Seoul; one in Inchon, and Price. The demand of the the revival scene because of all religious communities, the Jesus Is Lord Fellowship in hour was new gifted leaders. exhaustion. Although Cont. on page 3 Recent Articles on Wesleyan/Holiness Themes

Bendroth, Margaret. "Rum, Romanism Davis, Morris L. "From Gospel Circuit Lecleric, Dianne. 'Two Women and Evangelicalism: Protestants and to the War Circuit: Bishop Matthew Speaking 'Woman': The Strategic Catholics in Late Nineteenth-Century Simpson and Upwardly Mobile Essentialism of Luce Iriga ray and Boston." Church History 68 ." Methodist History 38 Phoebe Palmer." Wesleyan Theological (September 1999): 627-647. (Apri12000) 199-209. Journal 35 (Spring 2000): 182-199.

Bohlman, Rachael E. "Our House Dieter, Melvin E. "Wesleyan/Holiness Oliver, John W. "Emma Brown Malone: Beautiful: The Women's Temple and Churches" In Bill I Leonard, A Mother of Feminism?" Quaker the WCTU Effort to Establish Place Christianity in Appalachia: Profiles in History 88 (Spring 1999): 4-21. and Identity in Downtown Chicago, Regional Pluralism Knoxville: 1887-1898." Journal of Women's University of Tennessee Press, 1999. Parker, Alison M. "Hearts Uplifted and History 11 (Summer 1999): I 10-134. Minds Refreshed: The Woman's Evans, Christopher H. "From Militant Temperance Union and the Pure Borgen, Ole E. "Iohn Wesley and early Methodism to Secular Christianity: Culture in the United States, 1880- Swedish Pietism: Carl Magnus The Social Gospel in American 1930." Journal of Women's History 10 Wrangel and lohan Hinric Liden." Methodist Historical Narratives." (Winter 1999): 135-158. Methodist History 38 (january 2000): Methodist History 38 (April 2000): 82-101. 147-159. Sider, E. Morris. "Lafayette Shoalts: A Modern Caleb." Brethren in Christ Bundy, David. "Pentecostalism as an Evensen, Bruce ,. "It is a Marvel to History and Life 23 (April 2000): 5-56. Ecumenical and Missiological Many People: Dwight Moody, Mass Challenge to the Other Churches: A Media, and the Revival of 1877." Spencer, Carole D. "The American Review Essay Focusing on Latin New England Quarterly 72 (june Holiness Movement: Why Did It America and Italy" Encounter 60 1999): 251-274. Captivate Nineteenth Century (( 999): 307-338. Quakers?" Quaker Religious Thought Hamilton, Barry W. "Preaching the 28 (january 1998): 19-30. Bundy, David. "Song of Ascents: Narrow Way: William B. Godbey's Autobiographical Reflection and the Homiletical Agenda for the Early Strong, Douglas M. "Sanctified Development of the Mission Theory Holiness Movement." Methodist Eccentricity: Continuing Relevance of of E. Stanley lones." Missiology 27 History 38 (October 1999): 40-52. the Nineteenth-Century Holiness (October 1999): 467-473. Paradigm." Wesleyan Theological Hardt, Philip F. "The Evangelistic and Journal 35 (Spring 2000): 9-21. Collins, Kenneth ,. "Recent Trends in Catechetical Role of the Class Wesleyan /Holiness." Wesleyan Meeting in Early New York Warner, Laceye. "Wesley Deaconess­ Theological Journal 35 (Spring 2000): Methodism." Methodist History 38 Evangelists: Exploring Remnants of 67-98. (Includes a response by Randy (October 1999): 14-26. Revivalism in Late Nineteenth Maddox) Century British Methodism." Hardt, Philip F. "Lay Shepherds of the Methodist History 38 (April 2000): Daniel, W. Harrison. 'To Strengthen Flock: The Class Leader in Early New 176-190. the Ties that Bind: lohn L. Nuelson York City Methodism." Methodist and German-American History 38 (january 2000): 104-132. Connectional ism in the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1912-1940." Methodist History 38 (April 2000): 160-175.

, A ~-t<'!;.w.~1!e:fl~~Y~M"::l;.P'/·. nitially, funding for the Weslryan Holiness Studies Center Bulletin was provided by the Pew Charitable Trusts. We are sorry to i say that this is no longer the case and it has become necessary for us to begin charging a fee to cover the cost of printing and I. postage For a one year's subscription (two issues), the cost will be $5.00, $10.00 for two years, etc. If you wish to I continue receiving the Bul/etin, please return this portion of the newsletter to:

Wesleyan/Holiness Studies Center Bulletin J D. William Faupel, Director I.1 Asbury Theological Seminary· Wilmore, KY 40390-t t 99 Name _____ I Address _____ I, City, State, Zip _____.. __ _ I -, .... "":-'>!kf.!X::~J David E. Harrell, cont.

Branham again began holding life ended in controversy, as it who were already backing cess of independent ministries healing revivals six months had been lived in controversy. away from the healing revival after 1970. later, his decision opened the By the end of his life, Allen that they believed had spun The legacy most celebrat­ floodgates for others who had had achieved a degree of completely out of control. ed by the Carver collection, heard God's call to launch national fame. In 1969 he Allen was estranged from however, is that of the pop­ independent ministries. Scores was featured in a story in Look both the ulist, democratic, anti-estab­ of aspiring men of God magazine. The healing revival and the Voice of Healing. In lishment religious creativity begged and borrowed enough had changed dramatically by 1956 he launched his own which surfaces from time to money to buy a rig and night 1970. Oral Roberts stopped magazine, Miracle Magazine, to time in American history after night tested their gifts in holding healing revivals in promote his own brand of when the poor and the lowly the sultry incandescent haze I 967 and increasingly the radical healing revival. dared to seize control of their under their tents. Gordon superstars of the Allen's contributions to own religious destiny. The Lindsay's Voice of Healing mag­ pentecostal!charismatic the shape of the healing legacy of William Branham azine and organization revival were teachers and revival were many, far outlast­ and A. A. Allen survives at became more or less handlers entertainers rather than gifted ing the direct influence of his the end of the twentieth cen­ for a circle of talented evange­ evangelists. The last of the revival ministry. The healing tury in the careers of those lists who regaled pentecostals old-timers who still assembled revival was probably the most who knew them and admired around the world with a tor­ the masses under his tent to striking interracial movement them. fell heir to rent of reported healings and heal the sick and cast out dev­ in America in the 1950s and Allen's ministry when he died miracles. Oral Roberts ils in 1970, Allen left behind I 960s, and no one did more and has continued off and on launched his independent a generation of evangelists to foster that atmosphere to use the methods and tech­ ministry in the summer of who viewed him as a model than Allen. Allen introduced niques he learned from his 1947, and in the absence of and mentor. Black musical styles and Black mentor. R.W. Schambach was Branham, he quickly became A. A. Allen's life story is musicians, including the tal­ the truest replica of Allen into the most respected, as well as filled with ironies and tantaliz­ ented Gene Martin, into his the I 990s, long continuing the most theologically moder­ ing twists and turns. It is a meetings. Ever ready to see the tradition of tent healing ate, of the independent heal­ story that begs to be told, and what new thing God was and preaching with a flam­ ing evangelists. Roberts occu­ this collection will do much to doing, Allen welcomed musi­ boyance reminiscent of the pied the right wing of the make that telling possible. cal innovations in his services. early days of the healing free-flowing revival-carefully From his earliest days as an Allen also had a life-long revival. And scores of other remaining theologically cor­ independent minister in interest in the Native evangelists, like H. Richard rect, demanding decorum in 1951, through the years he Americans of the Southwest. Hall, continued to roam the his meetings, maintaining was associated with the Voice After he moved his headquar­ American countryside pro­ good relations with the pente­ of Healing group, Allen ters to Miracle Valley, claiming the message of the costal denominations and careened along the radical Arizona, in the I 960s, his radical pentecostal revival in local churches, and proving fringe of the healing revival, annual camp meetings fea­ the pockets of poverty and himself to be a shrewd and reporting ever more dramatic tured an "Indian night" that need that remain in every careful organizer. His position miracles and making more attracted thousands of sup­ nook and cranny of the at the head of the pan-pente­ and more extravagant claims. porters from the reservations. nation, remembering the likes costal healing revival was con­ Always controversial, in 1955 In addition, Allen claimed to of Branham and Allen and firmed when he was invited Allen was arrested in have originated, and he believing that something to deliver the concluding Knoxville, Tennessee, for unquestionably contributed greater lay ahead. s- address at the inaugural meet­ drunken driving. He later to, several new ideas that ing of the Pentecostal insisted that he had been kid­ became important in the Fellowship of North America napped and had awakened in broadening in October 1948. a "smoke-filled room and pentecostal!charismatic Triple A, as Asa A. Allen somebody was pouring liquor revival of the I 970s. He was was dubbed by his peers, down his throat." But his certainly one of the first of blazed through the revival like explanation was regarded as the evangelists to latch on to David E. Harrell is an authority on the a comet until he died in a San less than satisfactory by pente­ the gospel of prosperity which healing tradition in America and a professor Francisco hotel in 1970. His costal denominational leaders became so central to the suc- of history at Auburn University.

THE WESLEYAN/HOLINESS STUDIES CENTER BULLETIN

D. William Faupel, Editor· William Kostlevy, Assodate Editor The Wesleyan/Holiness Studies Center Nonprofit Org. Asbury Theological Seminary U.s. Postage 204 N. Lexington Avenue PAID Wilmore, KY 40390 I 199 Wilmore, KY Permit #23

Recent Books on Wesleyan/Holiness Themes

Andrews, Dee. The Methodists Hattersley, Roy. Blood and Fire: Reasoner, Vic. The Hope of the Taves, Ann. Rites, Trances and and Revolutionary America: The William and Catherine Booth Gospel: An Introduction to Visions: Experiencing Religion Shaping of an Evangelical and the Salvation Army. New Wesleyan Eschatology. and Explaining Experience. Culture. Princeton, Nj: York: Doubleday, 1999. Evansville, IN: Fundamental Princeton, Nj: Princeton Princeton University Press, Wesleyan Publishers, 1999. University Press, 2000. 2000. Kaufman, Paul leslie. Logical Luther Lee and the Methodist Schmidt, June Miller. Grace Wacker, Grant. Religion in Balmer, Randall. Blessed War against Slavery. Lanham, Sufficient: A History of Women 19th Century America. New Assurance: A History of MD: Scarecrow Press, 2000. in American Methodism, 1760- York: Oxford University Evangelicalism in America. 1939. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 2000. Boston: Beacon Press, 1999. Kinghorn, Kenneth Cain. The Press, [999. $23.00 Heritage of American Methodism. Nashville: Burrow, Jr., Rufus. Abingdon Press, [999. Personalism: A Critical B. L. Fisher Library Introduction. St. Louis: Chalice Knudson, Newell P. Press, 1999. $29.99. Adventure in Faith.- A History of Announces the Addition of the the California-Nevada Carver Healing Collection Callen, Barry, editor. Following Conference of the United the Light: Teaching, Testimonies, Methodist Church, 1968-1998. Tnais, Triumphs of the Church Order from Cokesbury, 2907 On April 16, 1999 the B. L. Fisher Library of Asbury of God Movement, Anderson: A West Capitol St., Sacramento, Theological Seminary formally opened the john W. Carver Documentary History. CA 9569 [ . $8.00. Healing Collection. Anderson, IN: Wamer Press, 2000. Mathews, James K. As I See It: This multi-media collection documents the twentieth the Autobiography of James K century healing revival focusing upon the ministries of A. A. Fudge, Daniel. Daniel Warner Mathews. Nashville: Abingdon Allen, F. F. Bosworth, William Branham, Jack Coe, and the Paradox of Religious Press, 2000. Charles Price, Oral Roberts, R. W. Schambach and Don Democracy in Nineteenth Stewart. Century America. Lewiston, Oldstone-Moore, This issue of the Wesleyan/Holiness Studies Center NY: Edwin Mellen, [998. Christopher. Hugh Price Bulletin is primarily an introduction to the collection. A 45- $99.95. Hughes. Founder of a New page introduction to the collection including essays by Methodism, Conscience of a David Bundy, David E. Harrell (see excerpt) and a response Hamilton, Barry W. William New Nonconformity. Cardiff: Baxter Godbey: Itinerant Apostle University of Wa[es Press, by john W. Carver is available postpaid for $5.00. of the Holiness Movement. [999. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen, Please make check out to the B. L. Fisher library, 2000. $99.95. Asbury Theological Seminary, Wilmore, KY 40390.

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