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Środowisko Wrocławia ŚRODOWISKO WROCŁAWIA INFORMATOR 2014-2016 Praca zbiorowa pod kierownictwem Zbigniewa Lewickiego LEMITOR Ochrona Środowiska Sp. z o.o. we Wrocławiu aktualizowana przez pracowników Wydziału Środowiska i Rolnictwa Urzędu Miejskiego Wrocławia Spis treści 1. MIASTO – PODSTAWOWE INFORMACJE ..................................................................... 4 2. POWIETRZE ........................................................................................................... 5 2.1. Charakterystyka źródeł zanieczyszczeń powietrza ....................................................... 5 2.2. Monitoring i ocena jakości powietrza ......................................................................... 6 2.5. Zagrożenia poważnymi awariami ............................................................................ 17 3. HAŁAS ................................................................................................................ 20 3.1. Charakterystyka źródeł hałasu ............................................................................... 20 3.2. Istotne źródła hałasu we Wrocławiu ........................................................................ 21 3.3. Analiza stanu akustycznego ................................................................................... 22 3.4. Plany działania dla obszarów zagrożonych hałasem ................................................... 25 3.5. Poprawa klimatu akustycznego ............................................................................... 30 3.5.1. Wdrożenie automatycznego systemu monitoringu hałasu i warunków środowiskowych .................................................................................................................. 30 3.5.2. Działania prowadzące do redukcji hałasu drogowego ................................................. 32 3.5.3. Działania minimalizujące hałas lotniczy ................................................................... 33 4. PROMIENIOWANIE ELEKTROMAGNETYCZNE............................................................. 34 4.1. Charakterystyka źródeł pól elektromagnetycznych .................................................... 34 4.2. Źródła pól elektromagnetycznych w miejscowych planach zagospodarowania przestrzennego ................................................................................................................... 37 4.3. System monitoringu pól elektromagnetycznych w środowisku .................................... 39 4.4. Działania związane z oddziaływaniem pól elektromagnetycznych ................................ 41 5. WODY POWIERZCHNIOWE I PODZIEMNE ................................................................. 41 5.1. Charakterystyka zasobów wodnych oraz źródeł ich zanieczyszczenia ........................... 41 5.2. Monitoring i ocena jakości wód ............................................................................... 44 6. GOSPODARKA WODNO-ŚCIEKOWA ......................................................................... 48 6.1. Charakterystyka systemu dystrybucji wody ............................................................. 48 6.2. System kanalizacji i oczyszczania ścieków ............................................................... 49 7. GLEBY I GEOLOGIA............................................................................................... 51 7.1. Geologia .............................................................................................................. 51 7.2. Charakterystyka gleb Wrocławia ............................................................................. 52 8. GOSPODARKA ODPADAMI ..................................................................................... 52 8.1. Charakterystyka sposobu gospodarowania odpadami ................................................ 52 8.2. Selektywna zbiórka odpadów ................................................................................. 59 8.2.1. Wskaźniki odzysku ................................................................................................ 60 8.3. Sposób zagospodarowania odpadów komunalnych .................................................... 63 8.4. Gospodarka ściekowa ............................................................................................ 69 8.4.1. Krajowy Program Oczyszczania Ścieków Komunalnych .............................................. 70 8.5. System monitoringu składowisk odpadów ................................................................ 71 8.6. Sposób zagospodarowania odpadów gospodarczych .................................................. 73 8.7. Działania edukacyjne ............................................................................................ 87 8.7.1. Podejmowane w zakresie zagospodarowania elektroodpadów ..................................... 87 8.7.1.1. Projekt edukacyjny „segreguj.wroc.pl”. ................................................................... 87 8.7.1.2. Wrocławskie Dni Elektrorecyklingu: ........................................................................ 87 2 8.7.2. Działania edukacyjne Wydziału Środowiska i Rolnictwa .............................................. 89 8.7.2.1. Program usuwania azbestu i wyrobów zawierających azbest z terenu miasta Wrocławia 90 8.7.2.2. Program udostępniania mieszkańcom kompostowników............................................. 94 8.7.2.3. Program użyczania szkołom pojemników do selektywnego zbierania odpadów komunalnych ...................................................................................................................... 96 9. ŚRODOWISKO PRZYRODNICZE .............................................................................. 97 9.1. Fauna i flora Wrocławia ......................................................................................... 97 9.2. Ocena zachodzących zmian fauny i flory oraz obszarów i obiektów chronionych ........... 102 9.3. Potrzeba tworzenia nowych form ochrony przyrody .................................................. 102 9.4. Program ograniczania uciążliwości związanych z dzikimi zwierzętami na terenie Wrocławia 106 9.5. Utylizacja liści kasztanowców ................................................................................ 107 9.6. Obszary i obiekty chronione .................................................................................. 108 9.6.1. Park Krajobrazowy „Dolina Bystrzycy” .................................................................... 109 9.6.2. Obszary Natura 2000 ........................................................................................... 111 9.6.2.1. Las Pilczycki........................................................................................................ 111 9.6.2.2. Grądy w Dolinie Odry ........................................................................................... 114 9.6.2.3. Grądy Odrzańskie ................................................................................................ 115 9.6.2.4. Dolina Widawy .................................................................................................... 115 9.6.2.5. Łęgi nad Bystrzycą .............................................................................................. 117 9.6.2.6. Kumaki Dobrej .................................................................................................... 118 9.6.3. Użytki ekologiczne ............................................................................................... 119 9.6.3.1. Użytek ekologiczny „Łacha Farna” .......................................................................... 119 9.6.3.2. Użytek ekologiczny „Dwa zbiorniki wodne wraz z otaczającym obszarem leśnym na terenie Janówka” ................................................................................................................ 119 9.6.3.3. Obszar na terenie Nowej Karczmy we Wrocławiu ..................................................... 119 9.6.4. Pomniki Przyrody ................................................................................................. 120 9.6.5. Zieleń miejska .................................................................................................... 123 9.7. Ocena zachodzących zmian fauny i flory oraz obszarów i obiektów chronionych ........... 131 9.8. Potrzeba tworzenia nowych form ochrony przyrody .................................................. 135 3 1. MIASTO – PODSTAWOWE INFORMACJE Położony w południowo-zachodniej Polsce Wrocław zajmuje powierzchnię 293 km2. Długość granic administracyjnych miasta wynosi 106,7 km. Miasto Wrocław położone jest u podnóża Sudetów, na Równinie Wrocławskiej, w samym centrum rozległej Niziny Śląskiej, w rozcinającej ją Pradolinie Wrocławsko-Magdeburskiej. Na strukturę funkcjonalno-przestrzenną Wrocławia składa się siedem wyodrębnionych skupisk osiedli i innych kompleksów zabudowy, nazwanych zespołami dzielnicowymi. Są to zespoły dzielnicowe: Śródmiejski − obejmujący centralny, intensywnie zabudowany obszar miasta, cztery zespoły koncentrycznie przylegające do niego: Krzycki, Gądowski, Karłowicki i Oławski, oraz dwa zespoły nie przylegające do obszaru centralnego: w zachodniej części miasta Leśnicki i w północno-wschodniej Psiego Pola. Wyodrębnia się tu system terenów zielonych i otwartych, głównie parków i parków leśnych. Obejmuje on: – pasma terenów wzdłuż rzek przepływających przez miasto wraz z przylegającymi do nich kompleksami terenów zielonych, w szczególności wzdłuż rzek: Odry i Oławy, Widawy i Dobrej, Bystrzycy; – promieniście ukształtowane pasma zieleni, w tym: Klin Brochowski,
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