Received September 28, 2018, accepted October 22, 2018, date of publication November 9, 2018, date of current version December 18, 2018. Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2879615 A Review of Low-End, Middle-End, and High-End Iot Devices MIKE O. OJO , (Student Member, IEEE), STEFANO GIORDANO, (Senior Member, IEEE), GREGORIO PROCISSI , AND ILIAS N. SEITANIDIS Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy Corresponding author: Mike O. Ojo (
[email protected]). This work was supported by the University of Pisa under the PRA 2018-2019 Research Project CONCEPT-Communication and Networking for vehicular CybEr-Physical sysTems. ABSTRACT Internet of Things (IoT) devices play a crucial role in the overall development of IoT in providing countless applications in various areas. Due to the increasing interest and rapid technological growth of sensor technology, which have certainly revolutionized the way we live today, a need to provide a detailed analysis of the embedded platforms and boards is consequential. This paper presents a compre- hensive survey of the recent and most-widely used commercial and research embedded systems and boards in different classification emphasizing their key attributes including processing and memory capabilities, security features, connectivity and communication interfaces, size, cost and appearance, operating system support, power specifications, and battery life and listing some interesting projects for each device. Through this exploration and discussion, readers can have an overall understanding on this area and foster more subsequent studies. INDEX TERMS Internet of Things, embedded systems, hardware platform, microcontrollers, microproces- sors, operating systems. I. INTRODUCTION components, such as memory, I/O, peripherals and wireless It is not news that Internet of things (IoT) has enormous connectivity chips in a pre-built, ready to program package.