Emerging Investigators 2017
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Crystallography News British Crystallographic Association
Crystallography News British Crystallographic Association Issue No. 100 March 2007 ISSN 1467-2790 BCA Spring Meeting 2007 - Canterbury p8-17 Patrick Tollin (1938 - 2006) p7 The Z’ > 1 Phenomenon p18-19 History p21-23 Meetings of Interest p32 March 2007 Crystallography News Contents 2 . From the President 3 . Council Members 4 . BCA Letters to the Editor 5 Administrative Office, . Elaine Fulton, From the Editor 6 Northern Networking Events Ltd. 7 1 Tennant Avenue, Puzzle Corner College Milton South, . East Kilbride, Glasgow G74 5NA Scotland, UK Patrick Tollin (1938 - 2006) 8-17 Tel: + 44 1355 244966 Fax: + 44 1355 249959 . e-mail: [email protected] BCA 2007 Spring Meeting 16-17 . CRYSTALLOGRAPHY NEWS is published quarterly (March, June, BCA 2007 Meeting Timetable 18-19 September and December) by the British Crystallographic Association, . and printed by William Anderson and Sons Ltd, Glasgow. Text should The Z’ > 1 Phenomenon 20 preferably be sent electronically as MSword documents (any version - . .doc, .rtf or .txt files) or else on a PC disk. Diagrams and figures are most IUCr Computing Commission 21-23 welcome, but please send them separately from text as .jpg, .gif, .tif, or .bmp files. Items may include technical articles, news about people (e.g. History . 24-27 awards, honours, retirements etc.), reports on past meetings of interest to crystallographers, notices of future meetings, historical reminiscences, Groups .......................................................... 28-31 letters to the editor, book, hardware or software reviews. Please ensure that items for inclusion in the June 2007 issue are sent to the Editor to arrive Meetings . 32 before 25th April 2007. -
Alfred Nobel
www.bibalex.org/bioalex2004conf The BioVisionAlexandria 2004 Conference Newsletter November 2003 Volume 1, Issue 2 BioVisionAlexandria ALFRED NOBEL 2004 aims to celebrate the The inventor, the industrialist outstanding scientists and scholars, in a he Nobel Prize is one of the highest distinctions recognized, granting its winner century dominated by instant fame. However, many do not know the interesting history and background technological and T that led to this award. scientific revolutions, through its It all began with a chemist, known as Alfred Nobel, born in Stockholm, Sweden in 1833. Nobel Day on 3 April Alfred Nobel moved to Russia when he was eight, where his father, Immanuel Nobel, 2004! started a successful mechanical workshop. He provided equipment for the Russian Army and designed naval mines, which effectively prevented the British Royal Navy from moving within firing range of St. Petersburg during the Crimean War. Immanuel Nobel was also a pioneer in the manufacture of arms, and in designing steam engines. INSIDE Scientific awards .........3 Immanuel’s success enabled him to Alfred met Ascanio Sobrero, the Italian Confirmed laureates ....4 Lady laureates ............7 provide his four sons with an excellent chemist who had invented Nitroglycerine education in natural sciences, languages three years earlier. Nitroglycerine, a and literature. Alfred, at an early age, highly explosive liquid, was produced by acquired extensive literary knowledge, mixing glycerine with sulfuric and nitric mastering many foreign languages. His acid. It was an invention that triggered a Nobel Day is interest in science, especially chemistry, fascination in the young scientist for many dedicated to many of was also apparent. -
Hydrocarbon Dynamics in Microporous Catalysts
Hydrocarbon Dynamics in Microporous Catalysts Alexander James O’Malley Department of Chemistry, University College London (UCL) Supervisor: Professor C. R. A. Catlow Second Supervisor: Dr D. W. Lewis Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Engineering 2015 1 I, Alexander James O’Malley, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 I wish to dedicate this thesis to Sylvia Patricia O’Malley, Matthew ‘Romeo’ Rodrigues and Nelson Rodrigues, who are always in my thoughts. Also, to the parents and politicians who believe selective schools are necessary for academic children to flourish, you are incorrect. 3 Abstract The dynamics of hydrocarbons inside microporous zeolite catalysts are studied using neutron scattering methods and complementary molecular simulations, to investigate quantitatively a crucial component of industrial zeolite catalysis. The diffusion of longer n-alkanes in the siliceous analogue of ZSM-5, silicalite is modelled using state-of-the-art molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The measured diffusivities show far improved agreement with quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) experiments. Isobutane diffusion in silicalite is also modelled, giving good agreement with diffusion coefficients and jump diffusion parameters obtained by neutron spin-echo experiments. The simulations give interesting insights into preferred siting locations, contradicting previous studies of isobutane dynamics in the MFI structure due to the use of a more accurate framework model. Tandem QENS and MD studies of octane isomer diffusion in zeolite HY show a counterintuitive increase in diffusion with branching, due to alkane clustering in the faujasite supercage. -
Unerring in Her Scientific Enquiry and Not Afraid of Hard Work, Marie Curie Set a Shining Example for Generations of Scientists
Historical profile Elements of inspiration Unerring in her scientific enquiry and not afraid of hard work, Marie Curie set a shining example for generations of scientists. Bill Griffiths explores the life of a chemical heroine SCIENCE SOURCE / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY LIBRARY PHOTO SCIENCE / SOURCE SCIENCE 42 | Chemistry World | January 2011 www.chemistryworld.org On 10 December 1911, Marie Curie only elements then known to or ammonia, having a water- In short was awarded the Nobel prize exhibit radioactivity. Her samples insoluble carbonate akin to BaCO3 in chemistry for ‘services to the were placed on a condenser plate It is 100 years since and a chloride slightly less soluble advancement of chemistry by the charged to 100 Volts and attached Marie Curie became the than BaCl2 which acted as a carrier discovery of the elements radium to one of Pierre’s electrometers, and first person ever to win for it. This they named radium, and polonium’. She was the first thereby she measured quantitatively two Nobel prizes publishing their results on Boxing female recipient of any Nobel prize their radioactivity. She found the Marie and her husband day 1898;2 French spectroscopist and the first person ever to be minerals pitchblende (UO2) and Pierre pioneered the Eugène-Anatole Demarçay found awarded two (she, Pierre Curie and chalcolite (Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2.12H2O) study of radiactivity a new atomic spectral line from Henri Becquerel had shared the to be more radioactive than pure and discovered two new the element, helping to confirm 1903 physics prize for their work on uranium, so reasoned that they must elements, radium and its status. -
Marshall Stoneham (1940–2011) Theoretician Who Contributed Widely to Condensed-Matter Physics
COMMENT OBITUARY Marshall Stoneham (1940–2011) Theoretician who contributed widely to condensed-matter physics. arshall Stoneham was a theoretical the form of a page reference to the book! he wrote a masterly article (A. M. Stoneham physicist, most noted for his work During the 1970s, the Harwell theory Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 368, 3295–3313; 2010) on defects in solids, who made team had a leading role in the development on the history of the UK nuclear-energy pro- Mwide-ranging contributions to condensed- of condensed-matter computational phys- gramme and its prospects and challenges. matter science. He was a leading figure in ics, enabled by the availability of mainframe Nevertheless, with the environment at the Atomic Energy Research Establishment computers. Although Stoneham was at Harwell becoming less conducive to funda- (AERE) near Harwell, UK, when the key chal- heart an analytical theoretician, he appreci- mental research, in 1995 Stoneham became lenges to the nuclear industry became mate- ated this new capability. His solid-state and the first Massey professor of physics at Uni- rials and waste disposal as much as nuclear quantum-physics group exploited Harwell’s versity College London and director of its physics. He died on 18 February, aged 70. HADES code to model defects in solids, Centre for Materials Research. He loved the Born in 1940 in Barrow-in-Furness, in including their formation and migration wide range of materials-related work there northern England, Stoneham was educated energies and key structural properties. and developed projects in areas as diverse as at Barrow Grammar School for Boys, which The influence of this code, and Stoneham’s minimally invasive dentistry, odour recog- produced three future Fellows of the Royal group, extended beyond defect physics into nition, diamond film growth and quantum Society (of whom he was one), all in engi- information science, where his ideas on opti- neering and physical sciences, in the space of cally controlled gates led to a substantial and 15 years. -
Ion Trap Nobel
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2012 Serge Haroche, David J. Wineland The Nobel Prize in Physics 2012 was awarded jointly to Serge Haroche and David J. Wineland "for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems" David J. Wineland, U.S. citizen. Born 1944 in Milwaukee, WI, USA. Ph.D. 1970 Serge Haroche, French citizen. Born 1944 in Casablanca, Morocco. Ph.D. from Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. Group Leader and NIST Fellow at 1971 from Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France. Professor at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and University of Colorado Collège de France and Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France. Boulder, CO, USA www.college-de-france.fr/site/en-serge-haroche/biography.htm www.nist.gov/pml/div688/grp10/index.cfm A laser is used to suppress the ion’s thermal motion in the trap, and to electrode control and measure the trapped ion. lasers ions Electrodes keep the beryllium ions inside a trap. electrode electrode Figure 2. In David Wineland’s laboratory in Boulder, Colorado, electrically charged atoms or ions are kept inside a trap by surrounding electric fields. One of the secrets behind Wineland’s breakthrough is mastery of the art of using laser beams and creating laser pulses. A laser is used to put the ion in its lowest energy state and thus enabling the study of quantum phenomena with the trapped ion. Controlling single photons in a trap Serge Haroche and his research group employ a diferent method to reveal the mysteries of the quantum world. -
April 17-19, 2018 the 2018 Franklin Institute Laureates the 2018 Franklin Institute AWARDS CONVOCATION APRIL 17–19, 2018
april 17-19, 2018 The 2018 Franklin Institute Laureates The 2018 Franklin Institute AWARDS CONVOCATION APRIL 17–19, 2018 Welcome to The Franklin Institute Awards, the a range of disciplines. The week culminates in a grand United States’ oldest comprehensive science and medaling ceremony, befitting the distinction of this technology awards program. Each year, the Institute historic awards program. celebrates extraordinary people who are shaping our In this convocation book, you will find a schedule of world through their groundbreaking achievements these events and biographies of our 2018 laureates. in science, engineering, and business. They stand as We invite you to read about each one and to attend modern-day exemplars of our namesake, Benjamin the events to learn even more. Unless noted otherwise, Franklin, whose impact as a statesman, scientist, all events are free, open to the public, and located in inventor, and humanitarian remains unmatched Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. in American history. Along with our laureates, we celebrate his legacy, which has fueled the Institute’s We hope this year’s remarkable class of laureates mission since its inception in 1824. sparks your curiosity as much as they have ours. We look forward to seeing you during The Franklin From sparking a gene editing revolution to saving Institute Awards Week. a technology giant, from making strides toward a unified theory to discovering the flow in everything, from finding clues to climate change deep in our forests to seeing the future in a terahertz wave, and from enabling us to unplug to connecting us with the III world, this year’s Franklin Institute laureates personify the trailblazing spirit so crucial to our future with its many challenges and opportunities. -
ARIE SKLODOWSKA CURIE Opened up the Science of Radioactivity
ARIE SKLODOWSKA CURIE opened up the science of radioactivity. She is best known as the discoverer of the radioactive elements polonium and radium and as the first person to win two Nobel prizes. For scientists and the public, her radium was a key to a basic change in our understanding of matter and energy. Her work not only influenced the development of fundamental science but also ushered in a new era in medical research and treatment. This file contains most of the text of the Web exhibit “Marie Curie and the Science of Radioactivity” at http://www.aip.org/history/curie/contents.htm. You must visit the Web exhibit to explore hyperlinks within the exhibit and to other exhibits. Material in this document is copyright © American Institute of Physics and Naomi Pasachoff and is based on the book Marie Curie and the Science of Radioactivity by Naomi Pasachoff, Oxford University Press, copyright © 1996 by Naomi Pasachoff. Site created 2000, revised May 2005 http://www.aip.org/history/curie/contents.htm Page 1 of 79 Table of Contents Polish Girlhood (1867-1891) 3 Nation and Family 3 The Floating University 6 The Governess 6 The Periodic Table of Elements 10 Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834-1907) 10 Elements and Their Properties 10 Classifying the Elements 12 A Student in Paris (1891-1897) 13 Years of Study 13 Love and Marriage 15 Working Wife and Mother 18 Work and Family 20 Pierre Curie (1859-1906) 21 Radioactivity: The Unstable Nucleus and its Uses 23 Uses of Radioactivity 25 Radium and Radioactivity 26 On a New, Strongly Radio-active Substance -
Radiation and Modern Life: Fulfilling Marie Curie's Dream
DEPARTMENTS Book Reviews Radiation and Modern Life: Fulfilling Marie Curie’s Dream A.E. Waltar, ed. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2004, 336 pages, $28 Several aspects of this book are initially off-putting, brief chapter on medicine inexplicably includes a description including the author’s style of writing. However, having of MRI but otherwise covers diagnostic and therapeutic uses read the book, set it aside, and let its message ‘‘soak in,’’ I of ionizing radiation at the same level of sophistication as am comfortable saying that I learned several things from the rest of the topics. The chapter on electricity discusses the book and do not regret having read it. I shall keep it in the growing demand for electrical power and the relative my library as a resource for those rare occasions when I am merits of nuclear and other means of power generation in called on to know something more about radiation than just meeting that demand. I particularly enjoyed the chapter a little bit of nuclear medicine physics. on modern industry, which describes several ways that The book has a scope far broader than the medical ap- radiation makes modern manufacturing methods practical plications of ionizing radiation and thus serves to position the and efficient. The chapter on transportation is largely just work of nuclear medicine within a larger context. Our spe- a further description of industrial and manufacturing uses of cialty benefits from an accurate public perception, which this radiation. The applications of radiation described in the book seeks to promote, of the benefits and risks of ionizing chapter on space exploration consist mainly of thermal and radiation. -
Nfap Policy Brief » October 2019
NATIONAL FOUNDATION FOR AMERICAN POLICY NFAP POLICY BRIEF» OCTOBER 2019 IMMIGRANTS AND NOBEL PRIZES : 1901- 2019 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Immigrants have been awarded 38%, or 36 of 95, of the Nobel Prizes won by Americans in Chemistry, Medicine and Physics since 2000.1 In 2019, the U.S. winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics (James Peebles) and one of the two American winners of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (M. Stanley Whittingham) were immigrants to the United States. This showing by immigrants in 2019 is consistent with recent history and illustrates the contributions of immigrants to America. In 2018, Gérard Mourou, an immigrant from France, won the Nobel Prize in Physics. In 2017, the sole American winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was an immigrant, Joachim Frank, a Columbia University professor born in Germany. Immigrant Rainer Weiss, who was born in Germany and came to the United States as a teenager, was awarded the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics, sharing it with two other Americans, Kip S. Thorne and Barry C. Barish. In 2016, all 6 American winners of the Nobel Prize in economics and scientific fields were immigrants. Table 1 U.S. Nobel Prize Winners in Chemistry, Medicine and Physics: 2000-2019 Category Immigrant Native-Born Percentage of Immigrant Winners Physics 14 19 42% Chemistry 12 21 36% Medicine 10 19 35% TOTAL 36 59 38% Source: National Foundation for American Policy, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, George Mason University Institute for Immigration Research. Between 1901 and 2019, immigrants have been awarded 35%, or 105 of 302, of the Nobel Prizes won by Americans in Chemistry, Medicine and Physics. -
Marie Curie and Her Contemporaries
@ : --@ @ - @ ., b—' . 4Y@i @ ,,, ,, . @ ‘/1'. ;: @;4 i :i@ ‘ k@ ,@/.‘@I I 16 THE JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2: 167, 1961 Professor George C. de Hevesy Professor George C. de Hevesy, of the Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, at the University of Stockholm, Sweden, is to be this year's Nuclear Pioneer Lecturer. Although he is known first of all for his numerous pioneering investigations and his eminence as a teacher, he very properly is a first-hand re porter and historian of some of the most momentous events in the history of science. Professor de Hevesy was born in Budapest August 1, 1885. He earned the doctoral degree at the University of Freiburg in 1908. He then went to Zurich for postgraduate work in physical chemistry. He was one of twenty in the audi ence attending Einstein's inaugural lecture as Associate Professor of Theoretical Physics. In 1911, to prepare for investigations suggested by Haber, he went to Rutherford's Laboratory in Manchester to become familiar with techniques for studying the conductivity of electricity in gases. During the years 1911-1914, he was associated with the discovery of the atomic nucleus, the use of a forerunner of Geiger's Beta Counter for detecting alpha particles, the setting up of the first X-ray spectograph by Moseley, and the discovery of cosmic rays by Hess. He visited Madame Curie in her laboratory many times after he began work with Radium D in 1912. Professor de Hevesy's most notable investigations started with his failure to separate Radium D (Pb21°) from large amounts of radioactive lead chloride, at Lord Rutherford's request. -
Programme 66Th Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting 26 June – 1 July 2016 MEETING APP TABLE of CONTENTS
Programme 66th Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting 26 June – 1 July 2016 MEETING APP TABLE OF CONTENTS WANT TO STAY UP TO DATE? Download the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings App. Available in Android, iTunes and Windows app stores. (“Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings”) Scientific Programme page 8 About the Meetings page 32 • Up to date programme info & details • Session abstracts and Supporters poster abstracts page 36 • Ask questions during panel discussions • Participate in polls and Maps page 44 surveys • Interactive maps • Connect to other Good to Know page 52 participants • Social media integration Download the app (Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings) in Android, iTunes or Windows Phone app stores. Within the app, use the passphrase “darkmatter” to download the guide for the 66th Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting. 2 3 WELCOME WELCOME The 66th Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting is characterised by continuity and partners. Many of his strategic initiaves paved the way of the meetings into transition alike: a successful future. The members of the Lindau Council and Foundation are grateful for his years of dedicated service to Lindau’s Mission Education. Back in 1951, the driving intention of the founders Dr. Franz Karl Hein, Pro- fessor Dr. Gustav Wilhelm Parade and Count Lennart Bernadotte was the Every year, we are challenged by the young scientists to further increase vision that this gathering in Lindau, an island very close to its European interaction with Nobel Laureates, to provide more opportunities for young neighbours, could contribute to reconciliation after the second world war, students to present their work, and to enable even more exchange. A new and foster a peaceful and prosperous future.