Short-Term Medications to Assist with Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms*

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SHORT-TERM MEDICATIONS TO ASSIST WITH OPIOID WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS* • Clonidine 0.1 to 0.2 mg orally every 6-8 hours (sometimes may be used twice daily) Hold if blood pressure < 90/60 mmHg o Recommend 0.1 mg test dose with blood pressure check 1 hour post dose. Increasing dose requires Autonomic symptoms increasing blood pressure monitoring (sweating, tachycardia) o Re-evaluate in 3-7 days (average duration 15 days). Taper to stop • Gabapentin start at 100 to 300mg and titrate to 1800 to 2100 mg divided in 2 to 3 daily doses (dose-adjust in renal impairment) Anxiety, dysphoria, • Diphenhydramine 25 mg every 6 hours as needed (caution in older adults) lacrimation, rhinorrhea • Hydroxyzine 25 to 50 mg three times daily as needed • Ibuprofen 400 mg orally every 4 to 6 hours as needed, not to exceed 2400 mg daily (caution in older adults Muscle aches, joint or those at risk for GI bleed) pain, headache • Acetaminophen 650 to 1000 mg orally every 4 to 6 hours as needed, not to exceed 4000 daily • Trazodone 25 to 100 mg orally at bedtime Sleep disturbance • Doxepin 6 to 50 mg orally at bedtime • Ondansetron 4 to 8 mg orally every 12 hours as needed, not to exceed 16 mg daily Nausea • Prochlorperazine 5 to 10 mg orally three times daily before meals or every six hours as needed, not to exceed 40 mg daily • Bismuth subsalicylate 524 mg every 0.5 to 1 hour orally, not to exceed 4192 mg daily Diarrhea • Loperamide 4 mg orally initially, then 2 mg with each loose stool, not to exceed 16 mg daily *Maintain the patient on all appropriate non-drug therapies (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy, sleep hygiene) References: Sevarino K. Medically supervised opioid withdrawal during treatment for addiction. UptoDate. 2018. VA PBM Academic Detailing Service. Opioid Taper Decision Tool: A VA Clinician’s Guide. IB&P Number: IB 10-939; P96820. Available at: https://www.pbm.va.gov/PBM/academicdetailingservicehome.asp. Accessed August 2017. Reprinted with permission from the Vermont Academic Detailing Program. Advanced Management of Opioids in Primary Care. November 2017..

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