DOCSLIB.ORG

Germany's World Cup Brothels: 40,000 Women and Children at Risk of Exploitation Through Trafficking

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Germany's World Cup Brothels: 40,000 Women and Children at Risk of Exploitation Through Trafficking CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Human Trafficking: Data and Documents Trafficking at the University of Nebraska 2006 Germany's World Cup Brothels: 40,000 Women and Children at Risk of Exploitation Through Trafficking U.S. House of Representatives Committee on International Relations Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/humtraffdata Part of the Inequality and Stratification Commons U.S. House of Representatives Committee on International Relations, "Germany's World Cup Brothels: 40,000 Women and Children at Risk of Exploitation Through Trafficking" (2006). Human Trafficking: Data and Documents. 32. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/humtraffdata/32 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking at the University of Nebraska at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Human Trafficking: Data and Documents by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. GERMANY’S WORLD CUP BROTHELS: 40,000 WOMEN AND CHILDREN AT RISK OF EXPLOITATION THROUGH TRAFFICKING HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON AFRICA, GLOBAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION MAY 4, 2006 Serial No. 109–178 Printed for the use of the Committee on International Relations ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.house.gov/international—relations U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 27–330PDF WASHINGTON : 2006 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Mar 21 2002 11:27 Jul 25, 2006 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 F:\WORK\AGI\050406\27330.000 HINTREL1 PsN: SHIRL COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HENRY J. HYDE, Illinois, Chairman JAMES A. LEACH, Iowa TOM LANTOS, California CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey, HOWARD L. BERMAN, California Vice Chairman GARY L. ACKERMAN, New York DAN BURTON, Indiana ENI F.H. FALEOMAVAEGA, American ELTON GALLEGLY, California Samoa ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN, Florida DONALD M. PAYNE, New Jersey DANA ROHRABACHER, California SHERROD BROWN, Ohio EDWARD R. ROYCE, California BRAD SHERMAN, California PETER T. KING, New York ROBERT WEXLER, Florida STEVE CHABOT, Ohio ELIOT L. ENGEL, New York THOMAS G. TANCREDO, Colorado WILLIAM D. DELAHUNT, Massachusetts RON PAUL, Texas GREGORY W. MEEKS, New York DARRELL ISSA, California BARBARA LEE, California JEFF FLAKE, Arizona JOSEPH CROWLEY, New York JO ANN DAVIS, Virginia EARL BLUMENAUER, Oregon MARK GREEN, Wisconsin SHELLEY BERKLEY, Nevada JERRY WELLER, Illinois GRACE F. NAPOLITANO, California MIKE PENCE, Indiana ADAM B. SCHIFF, California THADDEUS G. MCCOTTER, Michigan DIANE E. WATSON, California KATHERINE HARRIS, Florida ADAM SMITH, Washington JOE WILSON, South Carolina BETTY MCCOLLUM, Minnesota JOHN BOOZMAN, Arkansas BEN CHANDLER, Kentucky J. GRESHAM BARRETT, South Carolina DENNIS A. CARDOZA, California CONNIE MACK, Florida RUSS CARNAHAN, Missouri JEFF FORTENBERRY, Nebraska MICHAEL MCCAUL, Texas TED POE, Texas THOMAS E. MOONEY, SR., Staff Director/General Counsel ROBERT R. KING, Democratic Staff Director SUBCOMMITTEE ON AFRICA, GLOBAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey, Chairman THOMAS G. TANCREDO, Colorado DONALD M. PAYNE, New Jersey JEFF FLAKE, Arizona GREGORY W. MEEKS, New York MARK GREEN, Wisconsin BARBARA LEE, California JOHN BOOZMAN, Arkansas DIANE E. WATSON, California JEFF FORTENBERRY, Nebraska BETTY MCCOLLUM, Minnesota EDWARD R. ROYCE, California, EARL BLUMENAUER, Oregon Vice Chairman MARY M. NOONAN, Subcommittee Staff Director GREG SIMPKINS, Subcommittee Professional Staff Member NOELLE LUSANE, Democratic Professional Staff Member SHERI A. RICKERT, Subcommittee Professional Staff Member and Counsel LINDSEY M. PLUMLEY, Staff Associate (II) VerDate Mar 21 2002 11:27 Jul 25, 2006 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 F:\WORK\AGI\050406\27330.000 HINTREL1 PsN: SHIRL C O N T E N T S Page WITNESSES Mr. Michael Horowitz, Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute ..................................... 6 Ms. Ashley Garrett, Program Manager for Trafficking in Persons in North America and the Caribbean, International Organization for Migration ......... 12 Ms. Jennifer Roemhildt, Executive Director, Lost Coin, Athens, Greece ........... 16 Ms. Katherine Chon, Co-Founder and Co-Executive Director, Polaris Project .. 21 Ms. Maureen Greenwood-Basken, Advocacy Director for Europe and Eurasia, Amnesty International ......................................................................................... 30 Juliette Engel, M.D., Director, MiraMed Institute, Moscow, Russia .................. 37 LETTERS, STATEMENTS, ETC., SUBMITTED FOR THE HEARING The Honorable Christopher H. Smith, a Representative in Congress from the State of New Jersey, and Chairman, Subcommittee on Africa, Global Human Rights and International Operations: Prepared statement ................ 4 Mr. Michael Horowitz: Prepared statement .......................................................... 10 Ms. Ashley Garrett: Prepared statement ............................................................... 14 Ms. Jennifer Roemhildt: Prepared statement ....................................................... 19 Ms. Katherine Chon: Prepared statement ............................................................. 25 Ms. Maureen Greenwood-Basken: Prepared statement ....................................... 34 Juliette Engel, M.D.: Prepared statement ............................................................. 38 APPENDIX Material Submitted for the Hearing Record .......................................................... 63 (III) VerDate Mar 21 2002 11:27 Jul 25, 2006 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 F:\WORK\AGI\050406\27330.000 HINTREL1 PsN: SHIRL VerDate Mar 21 2002 11:27 Jul 25, 2006 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 F:\WORK\AGI\050406\27330.000 HINTREL1 PsN: SHIRL GERMANY’S WORLD CUP BROTHELS: 40,000 WOMEN AND CHILDREN AT RISK OF EX- PLOITATION THROUGH TRAFFICKING THURSDAY, MAY 4, 2006 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SUBCOMMITTEE ON AFRICA, GLOBAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS, COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, Washington, DC. The Subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 2:05 p.m. in room 2172, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Christopher H. Smith (Chairman of the Subcommittee) presiding. Mr. SMITH. The Subcommittee will come to order. And let me begin by first apologizing for being late, and there will be a brief break in this hearing. There is a motion to recommit that should be voted on in about 5 or 10 minutes, and then we will be done, so we have clear sailing from then on. Good afternoon, everyone. In 1 month, as we know, athletes and fans will be gathering for one of the premier worldwide sporting events of our day, the 2006 FIFA World Cup. Today the Sub- committee will hear testimony on reports that the World Cup will sadly be an impetus for exploitation of women. For most soccer fans like myself, this quadrennial spectacle is a showcase of world- class athleticism and teamwork, but looming in its shadow is the very real potential that the World Cup matches will be a catalyst and magnet for sex trafficking into Germany. The World Cup, as we know, opens on June 9th, and over the course of 1 month at 12 venues throughout Germany, national soc- cer teams from around the world will be playing. Many of the fans will join in the festivities. For the last year, the German Government has been preparing for this sports bonanza, coordinating security efforts with all neigh- boring countries, and attending to a myriad of details associated with such major international events. There is no doubt that human traffickers have also been working overtime to exploit this opportunity to improve their illicit revenues through the expected rise in demand, especially in the so-called sex industry. Today we join our counterparts in the European Union who have expressed their worries and concerns that there will be an explo- sion of prostitution and trafficking during the time of the World Cup. The European Parliament rightfully recognized, in their reso- lution passed on March 15th, that major sporting events result in (1) VerDate Mar 21 2002 11:27 Jul 25, 2006 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 F:\WORK\AGI\050406\27330.000 HINTREL1 PsN: SHIRL 2 a ‘‘temporary and spectacular increase in the demand for sexual services.’’ A number of actions are outlined that should be under- taken by Germany and their European neighbors, as well as by the sports associations involved, to warn potential victims and assist those who are trafficked, to roundly condemn trafficking, as they put it, in human beings and forced prostitution, and will inform and educate the general public and potential clients in an effort to curb the demand. I point out that during the February meeting in Vienna, as head of the United States delegation to the OSCE Parliamentary Assem- bly and as special representative on human trafficking for the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly, I vigorously raised concerns about the trafficking prevention efforts
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Trafficking in Women and Children
    UEHR WORKING PAPERS University Research Institute of Environmental and Human Resources Panteion University ATHENS Greece http://www.uehr.panteion.gr MMO Series MMO Working Paper No. 2, August 2001 Trafficking in Women and Children: Greece, a country of destination and transit by Ira Emke-Poulopoulos Trafficking in Women and Children: Greece, a country of destination and transit IRA EMKE-POULOPOULOS email: [email protected] Published in collaboration with: Institute for the Study of the Greek Economy (IMEO) Greek Society of Demographic Studies (E∆ΗΜ) rafficking in migrants1 can be understood as an activity where the two phenomena of organised crime and illegal immigration intersect. It occurs because the possibilities of Τ regular migration to industrialised countries have declined: more stringent entry controls push migrants into using illegal channels and these involve severe forms of labour exploitation. Gender and age2 determine to varying degrees the risk, vulnerability and exposure to exploitation. Among the three categories of trafficking in migrants (men, women and children), women and children are more vulnerable during the trafficking process. According to the Convention on transnational organised crime and its Protocol on trafficking,3 trafficking in persons means «the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of threat or use of force or other form of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other form of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to services, servitude or the removal of organs».
    [Show full text]
  • Prostitution in Germany – a Comprehensive Analysis of Complex Challenges
    Prostitution in Germany – A Comprehensive Analysis of Complex Challenges © Authors: Dorothea Czarnecki, Henny Engels, Barbara Kavemann, Wiltrud Schenk, Elfriede Steffan, Dorothee Türnau Consultant On Human Trafficking: Naile Tanis Berlin, April 2014 Contents Prostitution in Germany – A comprehensive analysis of complex challenges 2 1 The Prostitution Act – A step toward legal equality and against discrimination 4 2 Prostitution as gainful employment: Conditions, places and types of work 5 3 What reasons do women give for entering prostitution? 8 4 Everything goes? Legal regulations in Germany 9 4.1. The rostitutionP Act 9 4.2. European regulations 10 4.3. The influence of migration law on ostitutionpr in Germany 10 Free Movement of Citizens Act/EU 10 Residence Act 11 4.4. Criminal code provisions on aspects of prostitution 11 Criminal law on prostitution 11 Criminal law on human trafficking 12 5 Influence of other laws and regulations 14 5.1. Healthcare 14 5.2. Tax law 16 5.3. Exclusion zone ordinances: Spatial and temporal restrictions on sex work 17 6 Migration and prostitution 17 7 Support services 19 7.1 Support services for women in prostitution 19 7.2 Support services for minors in prostitution 20 7.3 Healthcare support services 21 7.4 Support services for persons trafficked for sexual exploitation 21 8 Retraining programs 23 8.1 Support for new employment 23 9 Open questions and political controversies 25 9.1 Do the Prostitution Act and associated measures meet expectations? 25 9.2 Does the Prostitution Act encourage procurement
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Trafficking in Women ______3 2
    Directorate-General for Research WORKING PAPER TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN Civil Liberties Series LIBE 109 EN This publication is available in English. At the end of this working paper you will find a full list of the other 'Civil Liberties Series' publications. PUBLISHER: The European Parliament B-1047 Brussels AUTHOR: Carmen GALIANA, lawyer EDITOR: Andrea Subhan Directorate-General for Research Division for Social, Legal and Cultural Affairs Tel. (0032) 284 3684 Fax: (0032) 284 9050 E-Mail: [email protected] The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorised provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice and sent a copy. Manuscript completed in March 2000 Directorate-General for Research WORKING PAPER TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN Civil Liberties Series LIBE 109 EN 3-2000 Trafficking in women Executive summary The principal objective of this study is to identify the characteristics of the phenomenon of trafficking in women for sexual purposes: its causes, structure and consequences, with the aim of increasing the visibility of the problem and bringing together a number of possible means of putting an end to this lamentable phenomenon, which is taking on ever more alarming proportions in relation to the violations of the victims' rights and its links to organised crime. Given the lack of documentary material on the subject, the attempt has been made to combine a wide range of material from disparate sources. These include: the documentation of the EU institutions; information provided by NGOs fighting this form of organised crime; information provided by governments and by Europol and Interpol; and information obtained from the press and the Internet.
    [Show full text]
  • They Are Sold Like a Doll. Trafficking in Women in Greece for the Purpose of Sexual Exploitation
    European Master's Degree in Human Rights and Democratisation Academic year 2002/2003 They are sold like a doll. Trafficking in women in Greece for the purpose of sexual exploitation By Styliani Riga Supervisor : Mag. Marijana Grandits Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Human Rights Ludwig Boltzmann Institut für Menschenrechte Vienna, July 2003 1 To Dangoule-Lilja 4 – ever 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS A) Introduction Approaches to trafficking p. 5 Setting the framework of the present study p. 7 1.Review of universal legal standards 1.1 The new international definition of trafficking. Prevention, prosecution, protection p. 8 1.2 Setting the human rights of trafficked persons at the centre of all anti-trafficking efforts : the OHCHR Recommended Principles and Guidelines p. 10 1.3 Enforced prostitution/trafficking as a crime against humanity p. 12 1.4Trafficking as a form of organized crime p.13 1.5 Violations of women's rights. CEDAW p. 15 1.6 Trafficking-related violations of human rights. ICCPR p. 15 2.Review of regional (european) legal standards 2.1 Drafting a European Convention on action against trafficking p. 16 2.2 Prohibition of trafficking set as a fundamental right. The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights p.17 2.3 Action against severe forms of trafficking : the Council Framework Decision on combating trafficking in human beings p. 18 2.4 Protection of victims of trafficking : Proposal for a Council Directive for granting short-term residence permit p. 20 3 .Trafficking and prostitution. ‘’Free’’ and ‘’forced’’ prostitution p. 23 B) Country- specific : Greece 1. Introduction 1.1 Obligation of Greece to protect human rights.
    [Show full text]
  • Degenerate Germany
    0) 'CO :; lYde MAOALLS DEGENERATE GERMANY DEGENERATE GERMANY DEDICATED TO THOSE FEW, YET TOO MANY BRITONS WHO STILL HARBOUR Till- M/srlllLTo/ s ILLUSION THAT THE GERMANS ARE AN ESTIMABLE, PEACEFUL AND KINDLY PEOPLE, UTTERLY MIX/.LI* AND MISREPRESENTED BY THEIR WICKED ' 'l//,\- MBNT. DEGENERATE GERMANY BY HENRY DE HALSALLE av a Tror (Lysi.ie Oratioaes. TWENTIETH THOUSAND. PUBLISHED AT 8, ESSEX STREET, STRAND, BY T. WERNER LAURIE, LTD. Us AUTHOR'S PREFACE IT is to be feared that of the facts set forth in this volume " many " are of a distinctly unpleasant nature, so unpleasant that the writer would fain have omitted them. But had he done so he would have failed to substantiate his case i.e., that the German people are undeniably a degenerate race, if not the most degenerate race in Europe. Moreover, the writer contends that these un- wholesome facts (taken largely from German sources), nauseous as they may be, demand to be placed on record in a British publica- tion. Further, he believes such facts cannot be too widely known, and that their knowledge will be of value in combating the pre- " " posterous and dangerous peace ideas unfortunately held in various quarters in Great Britain : For instance, among those ill-informed, emasculated individuals styling themselves the " Union of Democratic Control." Also the writer would commend a perusal of the statistics in reference to German vice and crime contained herein to those of our politicians (and they are many) totally with the mental and moral condition of the unacquainted " " German people. Recognizing the adult character of many of the statements and facts recorded in this book the writer thought it best to obtain responsible opinion as to whether such statements and facts should be made public, and he therefore approached Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Trafficking of Migrant Women for Forced Prostitution Into Greece
    HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH JULY 2001 MEMORANDUM OF CONCERN: Trafficking of Migrant Women for Forced Prostitution into Greece INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 2 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................ 3 Research and Methodology ......................................................................................................... 3 Trafficking as a Human Rights Abuse......................................................................................... 3 GREECE......................................................................................................................................... 7 Country of Transit and Destination for Trafficked Women........................................................ 7 Greece’s Obligations under International and Regional Law...................................................... 9 Trafficking of Women to Greece for Forced Prostitution......................................................... 10 “Crime Control” Approach to Trafficking ................................................................................ 13 Lack of Support for Trafficking Victims................................................................................... 16 Lack of Anti-Trafficking Legislation........................................................................................ 17 Police Involvement in Trafficking............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • DOES LEGALIZED PROSTITUTION INCREASE HUMAN TRAFFICKING? 69 Other Market
    World Development Vol. 41, pp. 67–82, 2013 Ó 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 0305-750X/$ - see front matter www.elsevier.com/locate/worlddev http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.05.023 Does Legalized Prostitution Increase Human Trafficking? SEO-YOUNG CHO German Institute for Economic Research-DIW Berlin, Germany AXEL DREHER Heidelberg University, Germany University of Goettingen, Germany CESifo, Germany IZA, Germany KOF Swiss Economic Institute, Switzerland and ERIC NEUMAYER * London School of Economics and Political Science, UK Summary. — This paper investigates the impact of legalized prostitution on human trafficking inflows. According to economic theory, there are two opposing effects of unknown magnitude. The scale effect of legalized prostitution leads to an expansion of the prostitution market, increasing human trafficking, while the substitution effect reduces demand for trafficked women as legal prostitutes are favored over trafficked ones. Our empirical analysis for a cross-section of up to 150 countries shows that the scale effect dominates the substi- tution effect. On average, countries where prostitution is legal experience larger reported human trafficking inflows. Ó 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Key words — human trafficking, prostitution, crime, scale effect, substitution effect, global 1. INTRODUCTION dehumanizing and fuels trafficking in persons” (p. 27). The idea that combating human trafficking requires combating Much recent scholarly attention has focused on the effect of prostitution is, in fact, anything but new. As Outshoorn globalization on human rights (Bjørnskov, 2008; de Soysa & (2005, p. 142) points out, the UN International Convention Vadlamannati, 2011) and women’s rights in particular (Cho, for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons from 1949 had al- in press; Potrafke & Ursprung, 2012).
    [Show full text]
  • Report Submitted by the Authorities of Germany on Measures Taken
    Committee of the Parties to the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings CP(2020)10 Report submitted by the authorities of Germany on measures taken to comply with Committee of the Parties Recommendation CP/Rec(2019)06 on the implementation of the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings Second evaluation round Received on 16 October 2020 Ce document n’est disponible qu’en anglais. Secretariat of the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings MEASURES TAKEN BY GERMANY IN RESPONSE TO RECOMMENDATION CP(2019)06 ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONVENTION ON ACTION AGAINST TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS Preamble Since the publication of the GRETA Report on Germany (GRETA(2019)07) on 20 June 2019, efforts on the part of the Federal Government – in close consultation with the Länder (federal states), civil society and associations – have focused on improving identification of victims of trafficking in various contexts, enhancing cooperation and coherence of measures at the federal level, and on strengthening measures against trafficking for the purpose of labour exploitation. This report sets out the measures taken thus far at federal and Länder level in implementing GRETA’s recommendations dated 20 June 2019. Hence, it covers a time period during which the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have made victims of human trafficking more vulnerable, making it more challenging to identify and support them. Reduced contact to third parties and isolation have led to a heightened risk of becoming a victim of gender-based violence, including human trafficking, while prominent cases of exploitation and unlawful working conditions in the meat industry and in agriculture have highlighted the structural vulnerabilities of those working in various sectors of becoming victims of human trafficking for the purpose of labour exploitation.
    [Show full text]
  • Stories About Sex Trafficking in Greece
    Gender Studies Department of Thematic Studies Linköping University Stories about sex trafficking in Greece -A productive power play- Christina Vrotsou Supervisor: Nina Lykke Gender Studies, LiU Master’s Programme Gender Studies – Intersectionality and Change Master’s thesis 30 ECTS credits ISNR: LIU-TEMA G/GSIC2-A—14/013—SE 2 ABSTRACT The theme of this thesis regards power manifestations in sex trafficking in Greece, through the context of a particular women’s NGO situated in Athens, Greece. The stories that are analysed here are in one way or the other drawn from that NGO context, specifically: the story of the president of the NGO, the story of an activist in that NGO and the story of a woman who has been sex trafficked. What this thesis explores, under a poststructuralist road, influenced by a genealogical approach and inspired by Foucault’s notions of power, is how power can be productive in sex trafficking and the relevant anti-sex trafficking activism. Additionally, using intersectionality as an analytical tool, it explores which social markers are part of that productive play. Situated in crisis Greece, where several issues/problems are intensified, entangled, spread and spilled over in several areas, I find that there is relevance in research concerning how power, in the respective context, can work in productive ways. What is shown through the stories are several contradictions regarding conceptualizations of the role of the police, law, justice, and their relation with rights, religion, ethnicity, race, sex and gender. I treat these contradictions as key illustrators of the productive power play, visualized as a network that entangles different elements and draws its power through their relations.
    [Show full text]
  • Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation: the Case of the Russian Federation
    Cover_MRS7.qxd 7/3/02 9:13 AM Page 1 Trafficking for Sexual Also available online at: M Exploitation: The Case http://www.iom.int R S 7 of the Russian Federation Trafficking in human beings is a grave and growing problem in the Russian Federation, No. 7 and one which is misunderstood, barely acknowledged and easily tolerated. Trafficking in women is a multibillion dollar industry and is a key source of revenue for Russian organized crime groups. This study shows that the trafficking of women from the Russian Federation occurs on a global scale. Russian women are known to have been trafficked to 40-50 countries around the world, including most European countries, North America, and parts of Asia and the Middle East. Trafficking also occurs within Russia. No one really knows how many women and children are trafficked for sexual exploitation from the Russian Federation. The US State Department estimates that more than 100,000 women were trafficked from the countries of the former Soviet Union in 1997 alone. IOM IOM • OIM ISSN 1607-338X MRS_7IC.qxd 7/3/02 9:15 AM Page 1 Donna M. Hughes prepared this report as an independent consultant to the International Organization for Migration. Opinions expressed in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of IOM. _______________ IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society. As an intergovernmental body, IOM acts with its partners in the international community to: assist in meeting the operational challenges of migration; advance under- standing of migration issues; encourage social and economic development through migration; and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants.
    [Show full text]
  • Prostitution Policy: Legalization, Decriminalization and the Nordic Model Follow This and Additional Works At
    Seattle Journal for Social Justice Volume 14 Issue 2 Fall 2015 Article 10 4-27-2016 Prostitution Policy: Legalization, Decriminalization and the Nordic Model Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/sjsj Ane P Mathiesonart of the Administr ative Law Commons, Agriculture Law Commons, Arts and Humanities Commons, EastBankingon Brandanam Finance Law Commons, Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, Commercial Law Commons, Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, Constitutional Law Commons, Consumer Protection LawAny aCommons Noble , Criminal Law Commons, Criminal Procedure Commons, Disability and Equity in Education Commons, Disability Law Commons, Educational Leadership Commons, Educational Methods Commons, Energy and Utilities Law Commons, Family Law Commons, Fourteenth Amendment Commons, Health Law and Policy Commons, Housing Law Commons, Human Rights Law Commons, Immigration Law Commons, Indian and Aboriginal Law Commons, Insurance Law Commons, Intellectual Property Law Commons, International Trade Law Commons, Juvenile Law Commons, Labor and Employment Law Commons, Land Use Law Commons, Law and Gender Commons, Law and Psychology Commons, Legal Ethics and Professional Responsibility Commons, Legal History Commons, Legal Remedies Commons, Legislation Commons, Marketing Law Commons, National Security Law Commons, Natural Resources Law Commons, Other Education Commons, Other Law Commons, Privacy Law Commons, Property Law and Real Estate Commons, Secured Transactions Commons, Securities Law Commons, Sexuality and the Law Commons, Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons, Social and Philosophical Foundations of Education Commons, Social Welfare Law Commons, Transnational Law Commons, and the Water Law Commons Recommended Citation Mathieson, Ane; Branam, Easton; and Noble, Anya (2016) "Prostitution Policy: Legalization, Decriminalization and the Nordic Model," Seattle Journal for Social Justice: Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Victims No Longer: Research on Child Survivors of Trafficking for Sexual and Labor Exploitation in the United States Author(S): Elzbieta Gozdziak Ph.D
    The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Victims No Longer: Research on Child Survivors of Trafficking for Sexual and Labor Exploitation in the United States Author(s): Elzbieta Gozdziak Ph.D. ; Micah N. Bump, M.A. Document No.: 221891 Date Received: March 2008 Award Number: 2005-IJ-CX-0051 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. VICTIMS NO LONGER: RESEARCH ON CHILD SURVIVORS OF TRAFFICKING FOR SEXUAL AND LABOR EXPLOITATION IN THE UNITED STATES NIJ GRANT NO. 2005-IJ-CX-0051 FINAL REPORT This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.
    [Show full text]