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The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts
The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: A County Checklist • First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Somers Bruce Sorrie and Paul Connolly, Bryan Cullina, Melissa Dow Revision • First A County Checklist Plants of Massachusetts: Vascular The A County Checklist First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Massachusetts Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program The Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program (NHESP), part of the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, is one of the programs forming the Natural Heritage network. NHESP is responsible for the conservation and protection of hundreds of species that are not hunted, fished, trapped, or commercially harvested in the state. The Program's highest priority is protecting the 176 species of vertebrate and invertebrate animals and 259 species of native plants that are officially listed as Endangered, Threatened or of Special Concern in Massachusetts. Endangered species conservation in Massachusetts depends on you! A major source of funding for the protection of rare and endangered species comes from voluntary donations on state income tax forms. Contributions go to the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Fund, which provides a portion of the operating budget for the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program. NHESP protects rare species through biological inventory, -
Egg Load Dynamics and the Risk of Egg and Time Limitation Experienced by an Aphid Parasitoid in the field Christine Dieckhoff1, Julian C
Egg load dynamics and the risk of egg and time limitation experienced by an aphid parasitoid in the field Christine Dieckhoff1, Julian C. Theobald2, Felix L. Wackers€ 2 & George E. Heimpel3 1Department of Entomology & Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716 2Lancaster Environment Centre, Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK 3Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota 55108 Keywords Abstract Aphis glycines, Binodoxys communis, biological control, egg load, soybean aphid. Insect parasitoids and herbivores must balance the risk of egg limitation and time limitation in order to maximize reproductive success. Egg and time limita- Correspondence tion are mediated by oviposition and egg maturation rates as well as by starva- C. Dieckhoff, University of Delaware, tion risk and other determinants of adult lifespan. Here, we assessed egg load Entomology & Wildlife Ecology, 250 and nutritional state in the soybean aphid parasitoid Binodoxys communis under Townsend Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA. field conditions to estimate its risk of becoming either egg- or time-limited. Tel: 302-731-7330 (ext 222); The majority of female B. communis showed no signs of egg limitation. Experi- Fax: 302-368-1674; E-mail: [email protected] mental field manipulations of B. communis females suggested that an average of 4–8 eggs were matured per hour over the course of a day. Regardless, egg loads Funding information remained constant over the course of the day at approximately 80 eggs, suggest- This research was funded through a USDA- ing that egg maturation compensates for oviposition. This is the first case of NRI grant to G. -
SMOOTH OXEYE Fibrous Rooted Caudex That Develops Stout Rhizomes
Plant Guide (m) in height. The smooth, unbranched stem arises from a SMOOTH OXEYE fibrous rooted caudex that develops stout rhizomes. The leaves are oppositely attached to the stem and have Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet coarsely serrated margins. The leaves are triple nerved, Plant Symbol = HEHE5 petiolate (have short leaf petioles) and are broadly lance shaped tapering to a sharp point at the tip and are abruptly Contributed by: USDA NRCS Manhattan Plant Materials rounded at the base. The leaves are dark green above and Center lighter green below with siliceous based hairs that provide a rough texture on both surfaces. The stem apex may contain a single flower head or branch into multiple stems with many yellow flowers (Owensby, 1989). The flowers of Heliopsis have both orange-yellow center disk and yellow ray flowers. Individual flowers have 10 or more ray flowers. The ray flowers are fertile with a forked pistil (female flower parts) at their base, but contain no male flower parts (Lommasson, 1973). The central disk flowers are perfect in that they contain both male and female flower parts (Runkel and Roosa, 1989). The fruit is a smooth three or four angled achene, usually without a pappus or crown of hairs that aids in wind dissemination (Runkel and Roosa, 1989). Ray flowers produce the three angled achene and disk flower produce the more common 4 angled achene. Distribution: For current distribution, please consult the Plant Profile page for this species on the PLANTS Web R. Alan Shadow USDA NRCS East Texas Plant Materials Center site. Alternate Names Oxeye Daisy, False Sunflower, Oxeye, Habitat: It is located in dry areas, edges of woods, Heliopsis Sunflower, sunflower Heliopsis roadsides, open woods, edges of fields and thickets. -
2009 Proceedings.Indd
Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science, Vol. 88 (2009) 139 THE RELEASE OF A NEW BENEFICIAL INSECT FOR THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SOYBEAN APHID, A CROP PEST IN SOUTH DAKOTA Ana Mičijević1, Kelley J. Tilmon1, Roger Barrick2, Steve Sutera2, Larry Wag- ner2, Connie Strunk2, Paul Johnson2, Gary Erickson2, and Ray Gosmire2 1 Plant Science Department 2 South Dakota Cooperative Extension Service South Dakota State University Brookings, SD 57007 ABSTRACT The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is an important insect pest of soybean, a major crop in South Dakota. First discovered in the USA in 2000, it was accidentally introduced from Asia and spread quickly throughout Midwest. Insecticides are currently the primary control method for this pest, but biological control—control of pests through beneficial species—is a promising management approach. Soybean aphid is seldom a problem in its native Asia largely because of a group of natural enemies that feed on it. Uni- versities and USDA entomologists have identified the Asian parasitoid Binodoxys communis (Gahan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as a promising species to release in the US for biological control of the soybean aphid. Since 2007 South Dakota has been part of a multi-state project to introduce B. communis to the region. In the summer of 2008 seven Midwestern states participated in parasitoid releases. Releases in South Dakota were a cooperative effort between SDSU scientists, Extension Educators, and South Dakota producers. We released B. communis in ten soybean fields in ten counties in eastern South Dakota. We inoculated release sites with a small number of parasitoids which might increase and spread over time. -
Insecticides - Development of Safer and More Effective Technologies
INSECTICIDES - DEVELOPMENT OF SAFER AND MORE EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES Edited by Stanislav Trdan Insecticides - Development of Safer and More Effective Technologies http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/3356 Edited by Stanislav Trdan Contributors Mahdi Banaee, Philip Koehler, Alexa Alexander, Francisco Sánchez-Bayo, Juliana Cristina Dos Santos, Ronald Zanetti Bonetti Filho, Denilson Ferrreira De Oliveira, Giovanna Gajo, Dejane Santos Alves, Stuart Reitz, Yulin Gao, Zhongren Lei, Christopher Fettig, Donald Grosman, A. Steven Munson, Nabil El-Wakeil, Nawal Gaafar, Ahmed Ahmed Sallam, Christa Volkmar, Elias Papadopoulos, Mauro Prato, Giuliana Giribaldi, Manuela Polimeni, Žiga Laznik, Stanislav Trdan, Shehata E. M. Shalaby, Gehan Abdou, Andreia Almeida, Francisco Amaral Villela, João Carlos Nunes, Geri Eduardo Meneghello, Adilson Jauer, Moacir Rossi Forim, Bruno Perlatti, Patrícia Luísa Bergo, Maria Fátima Da Silva, João Fernandes, Christian Nansen, Solange Maria De França, Mariana Breda, César Badji, José Vargas Oliveira, Gleberson Guillen Piccinin, Alan Augusto Donel, Alessandro Braccini, Gabriel Loli Bazo, Keila Regina Hossa Regina Hossa, Fernanda Brunetta Godinho Brunetta Godinho, Lilian Gomes De Moraes Dan, Maria Lourdes Aldana Madrid, Maria Isabel Silveira, Fabiola-Gabriela Zuno-Floriano, Guillermo Rodríguez-Olibarría, Patrick Kareru, Zachaeus Kipkorir Rotich, Esther Wamaitha Maina, Taema Imo Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2013 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. -
Chrysanthemoides Monilifera Ssp
MANAGEMENT OF BONESEED (CHRYSANTHEMOIDES MONILIFERA SSP. MONILIFERA) (L.) T. NORL. USING FIRE, HERBICIDES AND OTHER TECHNIQUES IN AUSTRALIAN WOODLANDS Rachel L. Melland Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Agriculture, Food and Wine University of Adelaide August 2007 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................... II ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................ VI DECLARATION ................................................................................................................ VIII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................. IX CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1 1.1 AIMS OF THIS THESIS .......................................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................... 5 2.1 PROCESSES OF NATIVE ECOSYSTEM DEGRADATION ............................................................ 5 2.2 GLOBAL PLANT INVASIONS – ECOSYSTEM DEGRADING PROCESSES .................................... 6 2.3 THE ENVIRONMENTAL WEED PROBLEM IN AUSTRALIA ..................................................... 10 2.4 CAUSES AND PROCESSES OF INVASIVENESS ..................................................................... -
On Biodiversity in Grasslands: Coexistence, Invasion and Multitrophic Interactions
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2009 On biodiversity in grasslands: Coexistence, invasion and multitrophic interactions Petermann, J S Abstract: In a rapidly changing world suffering from extensive diversity loss, the most pressing questions remain largely unanswered: how can diversity exist in the first place and what are the consequences of its decline for ecosystems? In grasslands, resource niches have to date been considered the major mechanism responsible for plant coexistence and diversity. The neutral theory has recently challenged this view by attributing species coexistence solely to stochastic processes. Whereas the negative effects of plant diversity loss on primary productivity have been demonstrated numerous times in biodiversity experiments, its effects on higher trophic levels have rarely been explored. Here, we used aglasshouse experiment, simulation modelling approaches and field studies in the Jena biodiversity experiment to examine diversity maintenance, invasion and community assembly in plant communities and effects of plant diversity loss on higher trophic levels. Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-24943 Dissertation Published Version Originally published at: Petermann, J S. On biodiversity in grasslands: Coexistence, invasion and multitrophic interactions. 2009, University of Zurich, Faculty of Science. On biodiversity in grasslands: Coexistence, invasion and multitrophic interactions Jana S. Petermann Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde von der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Zürich im Herbstsemester 2009 als Dissertation angenommen. Promotionskomitee: Prof. Dr. Bernhard Schmid (Vorsitz) Prof. Dr. Christine Müller Prof. Dr. Jasmin Joshi Prof. Dr. -
(Aphelinidae, Hymenoptera) Parasitizing Myzus Persicae (Sulzer) Under Protected Cultivation
Journal of Biological Control, 26 (3): 283–284, 2012 Research Note Occurrence of Aphelinus asychis Walker (Aphelinidae, Hymenoptera) parasitizing Myzus persicae (Sulzer) under protected cultivation GAVKARE OMKAR* and KUMAR SURJEET Department of Entomology, CSK HPKV, Palampur 176 062, Himachal Pradesh, India * Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Aphelinus asychis Walker (Aphelinidae: Hymenoptera), a solitary endoparasitoid was recorded from Myzus persicae (Sulzer) infesting bell pepper Capsicum annuum L. under protected cultivation in India during December 2011. The per cent parasitisation ranged from 35 to 40% of population of M. persicae. KEY WORDS: Aphelinus asychis, Myzus persicae, endoparasitoid, protected cultivation (Article chronicle: Received: 31-5-2012 Revised: 23-8-2012 Accepted: 10-9-2012) Aphelinus asychis Walker (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) morphological studies, the parasitoids were mounted in is a solitary endoparasitoid of aphids and native to Old DPX and permanent slides were prepared which were World (Europe, Asia and Africa). It was introduced into observed under stereozoom microscope (SMZ 16, the United States from Asia, Europe and Africa for classical Olympus, Japan) equipped with a photo-micrograph biological control of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis camera. Morphometric observations of the parasitoid noxia Mordivilko and the species is cosmopolitan now were also carried out using an ocular micrometer calibrated as a result of previous introductions (Hayat 1998; Elliott with a stage micrometer. The adult parasitoid was a et al., 1999). This species parasitizes different hosts at tiny black wasp with an average length and breadth of different geographical locations. At least 42 species of 1.50 mm and 0.54 mm respectively. -
Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Morocco and Comparison with North Africa Region Fauna 55 Khadija Kissayi, Souâd Benhalima and Moulay Chrif Smaili
Journal of Entomology and Nematology Volume 9 Number 7, December 2017 ISSN 2006-9855 ABOUT JEN The Journal of Entomology and Nematology (JEN) (ISSN: 2006-9855) is published monthly (one volume per year) by Academic Journals. Journal of Entomology and Nematology (JEN) is an open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as applications of entomology in solving crimes, taxonomy and control of insects and arachnids, changes in the spectrum of mosquito-borne diseases etc. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published shortly after acceptance. All articles published in JEN are peer-reviewed. Contact Us Editorial Office: [email protected] Help Desk: [email protected] Website: http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/JEN Submit manuscript online http://ms.academicjournals.me/ Associate Editors Editor Dr. Sam Manohar Das Dept. of PG studies and Research Centre in Zoology, Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Prof. Mukesh K. Dhillon Nagercoil – 629 003, ICRISAT Kanyakumari District,India GT-Biotechnology, ICRISAT, Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, Dr. Leonardo Gomes India UNESP Av. 24A, n 1515, Depto de Biologia, IB, Zip Code: Dr. Lotfalizadeh Hosseinali 13506-900, Department of Insect Taxonomy Rio Claro, SP, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection Brazil. Tehran, P. O. B. 19395-1454, Iran Dr. J. Stanley Vivekananda Institute of Hill Agriculture Prof. Liande Wang Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Almora– Faculty of Plant Protection, 263601, Uttarakhand, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University India Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China Dr. Ramesh Kumar Jain Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Dr. -
Bees, Bugs, Bloom Pollinator Trial
Bees, Bugs, Bloom Pollinator Trial Table 1. Top 10 Plants for Total Pollinator Visits over 3 Years Genus Species Cultivar Common Name 2012 2013 2014 Total 1 Pycnanthemum muticum clustered mountain mint 2336 1280 670 4286 2 Solidago rigida stiff goldenrod 364 168 391 923 3 Eryngium yuccifolium rattlesnake master 150 561 35 746 4 Solidago nemoralis gray goldenrod 545 72 121 738 5 Eupatorium hyssopifolium thoroughwort 495 110 122 727 6 Liatris microcephala dwarf blazing star 147 178 282 607 7 Eutrochium dubium coastal plain joe pye 359 117 98 574 8 Asclepias incarnata swamp milkweed 363 164 12 539 9 Monarda fistulosa wild bergamot 87 283 108 478 10 Symphyotrichum laeve 'Bluebird' smooth aster 76 203 182 461 Table 2. Second 10 Plants for Total Pollinator Visits over 3 Years Genus Species Cultivar Common Name 2012 2013 2014 Total 11 Eupatorium perfoliatum boneset 327 56 43 426 12 Veronicastrum virginicum culver's root 101 289 34 424 13 Helianthus 'Lemon Queen' lemon queen sunflower 292 115 14 421 14 Helenium autumnale Helen's flower 174 176 48 398 15 Symphyotrichum oblongifolium 'October skies' aromatic aster 139 173 69 381 16 Monarda x 'Peter's Fancy Fuschia' bee balm 129 182 47 358 17 Coreopsis verticillata 'Zagreb' tickseed 82 233 42 357 18 Monarda punctata spotted bee balm 284 45 23 352 19 Coreopsis tripteris tall tickseed 106 129 115 350 20 Symphyotrichum novae-angliae New England aster 171 98 72 341 Dr. E.Jay Holcomb, Connie Schmotzer, Penn State Extension, 2015. [email protected] Bees, Bugs & Blooms Table 3 Total Pollinator Visits on the -
The Role of Biological Control Agents in an IWM Program for Chrysanthemoides Monilifera Subsp
The role of biological control agents in an IWM program for Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata (bitou bush) Royce H. Holtkamp1 Summary Bitou bush, Chrysanthemoides monilifera subspecies rotundata, is a native of South Africa, which was used extensively in Australia as a sand-stabilising plant and for revegetation of coastal areas mined for mineral sands. It has now become a serious environmental weed in eastern Australia, primarily of conservation areas, where it significantly reduces biodiversity. Since 1989, six species of insects have been released on bitou bush, four of which have established. These are having varied impacts on bitou bush with bitou tip moth, Comostolopsis germana, and bitou seed fly, Mesoclanis polana, being the most successful. An integrated weed management approach appears to be the best option for long-term sustainable control of bitou bush. This paper discusses the use of biological control agents in combina- tion with other control options such as strategic herbicide applications, fire, physical removal and revegetation techniques. Keywords: biological control, bitou bush, Chrysanthemoides monilifera subspecies rotundata, integrated weed management. The plant withdrawn. However, this action came far too late and by 1976 C. monilifera subsp. rotundata was naturalised Chrysanthemoides monilifera subspecies rotundata along much of the NSW coast. (DC.) T. Norl. (bitou bush), is a competitive environ- A survey conducted in 2001 by the NSW National mental weed of South African origin. It is primarily Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) has shown C. restricted to areas of summer rainfall (Parsons and monilifera subsp. rotundata to be present on 900 km Cuthbertson 1992) and infests coastal areas of southern (80%) of the NSW coastline and the dominant plant on Queensland, New South Wales (NSW) and Lord Howe over 400 km. -
Parasitism of the Soybean Aphid, Aphis Glycines by Binodoxys Communis: the Role of Aphid Defensive Behaviour and Parasitoid Reproductive Performance
Bulletin of Entomological Research (2008) 98, 361–370 doi:10.1017/S000748530800566X Ó 2008 Cambridge University Press Printed in the United Kingdom First published online 25 February 2008 Parasitism of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines by Binodoxys communis: the role of aphid defensive behaviour and parasitoid reproductive performance K.A.G. Wyckhuys1 *, L. Stone3, N. Desneux2, K.A. Hoelmer4, K.R. Hopper4 and G.E. Heimpel2 1Horticulture Research Center, Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Chia (Cundinamarca), Colombia: 2Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, USA: 3Saint Olaf College, Northfield, Minnesota, USA: 4Beneficial Insect Introductions Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Newark, Delaware, USA Abstract The Asian parasitoid, Binodoxys communis (Gahan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), is a candidate for release against the exotic soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in North America. In this study, we examined preferences by B. communis for the different developmental stages of A. glycines and investigated consequences of these preferences for parasitoid fitness. We also determined to what extent aphid defensive behaviours mediate such preferences. We found that B. communis readily attacks and successfully develops in the different A. glycines developmental stages. Binodoxys communis development time gradually increased with aphid developmental stage, and wasps took longest to develop in alates. An average (+SE) of 54.01+0.08% of parasitized A. glycines alatoid nymphs transformed into winged adult aphids prior to mummification. No-choice assays showed a higher proportion of successful attacks for immature apterous A. glycines nymphs compared to adults and alatoid nymphs. Also, choice trials indicated avoidance and lower attack and oviposition of adults and alatoid nymphs.