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Youth Online Gambling Bibliography

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Youth Online Gambling Bibliography 55 Wyndham Street North, Suite 214A, Guelph • ON • N1H 7T8 T (519) 763-8049 • T-Free (877) 882-2204 • F (519) 763-8521 [email protected] • www.greo.ca YOUTH ONLINE GAMBLING BIBLIOGRAPHY Gambling Research Exchange Ontario (GREO) December 4, 2017 Prepared by: David Baxter, MI Page | 2 Contents General Youth Online Gambling ................................................................................................................... 3 Psychological Factors ................................................................................................................................. 11 Social Factors ............................................................................................................................................. 13 Gambling Exposure and Advertising ........................................................................................................... 15 Gambling Resources ................................................................................................................................... 19 Prevalence Studies ..................................................................................................................................... 22 Social Casino Games and Simulated Gambling ......................................................................................... 27 Youth Gambling and Internet Use/Video Games ........................................................................................ 31 YOUTH ONLINE GAMBLING BIBLIOGRAPHY | Gambling Research Exchange Ontario Page | 3 General Youth Online Gambling Ariyabuddhiphongs, V. (2013). Adolescent Gambling: A Narrative Review of Behavior and Its Predictors. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 11(1), 97-109. doi:10.1007/s11469-012-9401-6 This narrative review summarizes current knowledge on adolescent gambling for the period 1990-2010, assesses adolescent gambling behavior and person and environment predictors, and suggests directions for future research. The review includes 99 studies that identified their subjects as adolescents, children, youth, and students, and discusses adolescent gambling behavior, male and female adolescent gambling, and person and environment variables relating to adolescent gambling. Results reveal that most past research was conducted in Australia, North America, and Europe under the hypothesis of behavior as a function of person and environment variables. Future research should examine the mediated effects of person and environment variables, gambling cessation, gambling in other countries, and internet gambling. Intervention and prevention of adolescent gambling need parental involvement with parents not gambling themselves. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. Beutel, M., Dreier, M., Duven, E., Giralt, S., Muller, K., & Wolfling, K. (2012). Gambling and internet addiction in adolescents: A representative survey of 4,000 German students. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 72(6), 472-472. Brunelle, N. (2014). Deviant trajectories of Quebec youth: a portrait adapted to their current reality? Revue Internationale de Criminologie et de Police Technique et Scientifique, 67, 305-316. The current reality of adolescents is entirely different from what it was 20, or even 10, years ago. To understand their deviant trajectories today, the impact of technologies, particularly the Internet, must be considered. Beyond delinquency and psychoactive substance use, youth’s Internet gambling and cyber addiction habits must be added to their deviant portrait. Their prevalence, associations and risk factors, but also their evolution through adolescence and what explains the maintenance or change in their course, must be included. Although a majority engage in these behaviours during adolescence, what do we know about the minority of youth who develop serious problems with these deviant conducts? What knowledge do we need to develop on these issues? The author proposes a review of the current knowledge and of the results of her studies on these issues. Brunelle, N., Leclerc, D., Cousineau, M. M., Dufour, M., Gendron, A., & Martin, I. (2012). Internet gambling, substance use, and delinquent behavior: An adolescent deviant behavior involvement pattern. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 26(2), 364-370. doi:10.1037/a0027079 Internet gambling among adolescents is a growing phenomenon that has received little attention to date. This study examines associations between Internet gambling and the severity of gambling, substance use (SU), and delinquent behavior among 1,870 Quebec students aged 14 to 18. The results show a higher proportion of Internet-gambling (IG) students reporting problematic substance use and delinquency, compared with nongamblers (NG) and non-Internet gamblers (NIG). Furthermore, a higher proportion of at-risk and probable pathological gamblers are found among IG compared with NIG. A moderating effect (Baron & Kenny, 1986) of the gambler categories (NIG, IG) was found in the relationship between the associated problems and the severity of gambling. Among IG, the severity of delinquency and of substance use contributes to explaining gambling severity whereas, among NIG, the severity of delinquency is the only factor that significantly contributes to such an explanation. Discussion of the results is based on Jessor, Donovan, and Costa's (1991) general deviance syndrome theory. © 2011 American Psychological Association. YOUTH ONLINE GAMBLING BIBLIOGRAPHY | Gambling Research Exchange Ontario Page | 4 Butler, L. (2015). Taking chances. Online gambling addiction and students; Causes, consequences and treatment. In L. G. Chova, A. L. Martinez, & I. C. Torres (Eds.), Inted2015: 9th International Technology, Education and Development Conference (pp. 2891-2894). Valenica: Iated-Int Assoc Technology Education & Development. This paper will explore the fascinating issues behind compulsive gambling disorders in youth including the seductive nature of online gambling, why youth are at higher risk for developing the disorder, and the serious consequences facing gambling addicts. Readers will have a more thorough understanding of the social and biological interactions that make gambling so appealing to our youth. The paper discusses distorted thinking, the hidden nature of problematic gambling and the prevalence of its occurrence as well as treatment strategies and resources for recovery for both the addict and the family. There are many youth who are affected by gambling, either because they themselves struggle with the behaviour or because a family member does. It is important for educators to have an understanding of the dynamics behind this insidious and interesting behavioral problem. As a result of younger generations being "digital natives", youth have access to online gambling and cyber gaming at an unprecedented rate. Being online allows the gambler anonymity, accessibility and availability, making it easier for the individual to rationalize their behaviour and deny any problems associated with their gambling. The lengths some addicts will go to in order to hide their behaviour is extraordinary; this paper will delve into this hidden world to leave the reader with a better understanding of the struggles many of our students are quietly facing. Caillon, J., Grall-Bronnec, M., Bouju, G., Lagadec, M., & Venisse, J. L. (2012). Pathological gambling in adolescence. Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie, 19(2), 173-179. doi:10.1016/j.arcped.2011.11.020 Today's juveniles are the first generation to be raised in an environment where gambling is very accessible and socially acceptable. The recent legalization of Internet gambling has increased this accessibility. With 28,8 millions of gamblers in France in 2010, many believe that gambling is an innocent leisure activity. The first results of the national survey on the prevalence of gambling practices conducted in France show that in 2010, 1.3% of the population had a gambling problem. Also, despite the prohibition of gambling to minors, the mean age of onset of gambling behavior in the world is 11.5 years. Gambling (even non-problematic) in adolescence is associated with poor school performance, criminal behavior and family conflict. Recreational gambling shares with pathological gambling high rates of psychiatric comorbidities in adults, and risk behaviors among adolescents. Similarly, international studies show prevalence of problem gambling 2 to 4 times higher among adolescents than among adult, 3.5% to 8% of adolescents between 12 and 17 are pathological gamblers. The validity of the screening instruments and the frequency of spontaneous recovery in adulthood are discussed to explain the high prevalence in adolescence. This article proposes a focus on the practice of gambling in adolescence and its characteristics when the practice becomes pathological. We discuss the epidemiological, diagnostic, etiologic and therapeutic aspects of this problem. Three major types of risk factors implicated in gambling problems are identified: some of them are related to the subject (individual factors), others are related to the object of the addiction, here the gambling activity by itself (structural factors) like Internet with the recent legalization of gambling online, and the last are related to environment (contextual or situational factors). Thus, the development and maintenance of pathological gambling in youth seems to be conditioned by the interaction of a person and a gambling activity, in a particular
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