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Mendelova Univerzita V Brně MENDELOVA UNIVERZITA V BRNĚ ZAHRADNICKÁ FAKULTA V LEDNICI Použití rodu Rhododendron L. v zahradní a krajinářské architektuře za první republiky Diplomová práce Vypracoval: Bc. Tomáš Schuch Vedoucí práce: prof. Ing. Miloš Pejchal, CSc. Lednice, 2015 Čestné prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci na téma „Použití rodu Rhododendron L. v zahradní a krajinářské architektuře za první republiky“ vypracoval samostatně a veškeré použité prameny a informace uvádím v seznamu použité literatury. Souhlasím, aby moje práce byla zveřejněna v souladu s § 47b zákona č. 111/1998 Sb., o vysokých školách ve znění pozdějších předpisů a v souladu s platnou Směrnicí o zveřejňování vysokoškolských závěrečných prací. Jsem si vědom, že se na moji práci vztahuje zákon č. 121/2000 Sb., autorský zákon, a že Mendelova univerzita v Brně má právo na uzavření licenční smlouvy a užití této práce jako školního díla podle § 60 odst. 1 autorského zákona. Dále se zavazuji, že před sepsáním licenční smlouvy o využití díla jinou osobou (subjektem) si vyžádám písemné stanovisko univerzity, že předmětná licenční smlouva není v rozporu s oprávněnými zájmy univerzity, a zavazuji se uhradit případný příspěvek na úhradu nákladů spojených se vznikem díla, a to až do jejich skutečné výše. V Lednici dne: …………………………………………….. podpis 1 Poděkování Rád bych poděkoval prof. Ing. Miloši Pejchalovi, CSc. za vedení mé diplomové práce, odborné rady a připomínky, poskytnutí odborné literatury ze své osobní knihovny a za motivaci, která mě vedla k lepšímu výkonu, ochotě a vstřícnosti. Dále bych rád poděkoval svému dědovi Ing. Josefu Schuchovi CSc. za poskytnutí životních zkušeností, pomoc při psaní práce a doprovázení při terénních průzkumech a zároveň děkuji celé mé rodině za podporu. Mé poděkování zároveň patří Ing. Romanu Zámečníkovi, Ing. Lukáši Lattenbergovi, Ing. Karlu Zdražilovi a Bc. Petře Šmídové za ochotu a pomoc. 2 Obsah 1. Seznam tabulek .......................................................................................... 7 2. Úvod............................................................................................................ 8 3. Cíl práce ...................................................................................................... 9 4. Literární přehled ........................................................................................ 10 4.1. Charakteristika daného období ........................................................... 10 4.1.1. Zahradní a krajinářská architektura daného období ..................... 10 4.1.2. Dovoz rostlin z Německa a ciziny vůbec (1918) ........................... 13 4.2. Charakteristika rodu Rhododendron L. ............................................... 14 4.2.1. Zařazení do taxonomického systému ........................................... 14 4.2.2. Morfologická charakteristika ......................................................... 14 4.2.3. Rozšíření rodu .............................................................................. 15 4.2.4. Systematická charakteristika ........................................................ 15 4.3. Historie pěstování rodu Rhododendron L. ........................................... 28 4.3.1. Historie pěstování a introdukce v Evropě ..................................... 28 4.3.2. Informace o pěstování a introdukci v Evropě v dobovém českém odborném tisku ......................................................................................... 29 4.3.3. Historie pěstování a introdukce na území České republiky .......... 33 4.4. Šlechtění rodu Rhododendron L. ........................................................ 34 4.4.1. Šlechtění v Evropě ....................................................................... 34 4.4.2. Světoví šlechtitelé ......................................................................... 35 4.4.3. Šlechtění rodu Rhododendron L. v Československu .................... 41 4.4.4. Významní šlechtitelé na území České republiky .......................... 42 4.4.5. Šlechtitelské cíle ........................................................................... 43 4.5. Použití rodu Rhododendron L. v období první republiky ..................... 59 4.5.1. Informace v dobovém odborném tisku .......................................... 59 3 4.5.2. Význam Průhonic pro zavádění rododendronů do kultury ............ 62 5. Metodika práce ......................................................................................... 70 5.1. Analýza základního sortimentu do roku 1938 ..................................... 70 5.1.1. Název ........................................................................................... 71 5.1.2. Skupina kultivarů .......................................................................... 71 5.1.3. Výška rostliny ............................................................................... 71 5.1.4. Doba kvetení ................................................................................ 72 5.1.5. Základní barva květu .................................................................... 72 5.1.6. Poznámka k barvě květu .............................................................. 72 5.1.7. Kresba květu ................................................................................ 72 5.1.8. Mrazuvzdornost ............................................................................ 72 5.1.9. Původ ........................................................................................... 73 5.1.10. Šlechtitel .................................................................................... 73 5.1.11. Rok vyšlechtění ......................................................................... 73 5.1.12. Místo vyšlechtění ...................................................................... 73 5.2. Analýza dobového sortimentu ............................................................. 74 5.2.1. Identifikační údaje ......................................................................... 77 5.2.2. Informace o školkařských výpěstcích ........................................... 77 5.3. Analýza sortimentu, který byl za období první republiky pěstován v Průhonicích ................................................................................................... 78 5.3.1. DS 1910-1922 – Matrika Dendrologické společnosti .................... 78 5.3.2. DS 1922-1941 – Katalogy Dendrologické společnosti .................. 78 5.3.3. PP 1927 – Předávací protokol z r. 1927 ....................................... 79 5.3.4. Počet taxonů DS 1910-1922 ........................................................ 79 5.3.5. Počet taxonů DS 1922-1941 ........................................................ 79 5.3.6. Počet taxonů PP 1927 .................................................................. 79 4 5.4. Srovnání dobového sortimentu se současným ................................... 80 6. Výsledky .................................................................................................... 83 6.1. Analýza základního sortimentu do roku 1938 ..................................... 83 6.1.1. Skupiny odrůd dle Hoffmana (2010) ............................................. 83 6.1.2. Barva květu .................................................................................. 84 6.1.3. Doba kvetení ................................................................................ 84 6.1.4. Mrazuvzdornost ............................................................................ 84 6.1.5. Nejvýznamnější šlechtitelské firmy ............................................... 85 6.1.6. Nejčastější výskyt dle pramenů .................................................... 86 6.2. Analýza dobového sortimentu ............................................................. 87 6.2.1. Nejčastěji nabízený přírodní taxon ............................................... 87 6.2.2. Nejčastěji nabízená skupina dle Hoffmana (2010) ....................... 88 6.2.3. Nejčastěji nabízený kultivar .......................................................... 88 6.2.4. Nejčastěji nabízená výška ............................................................ 89 6.2.5. Školky s nejbohatší nabídkou rododendronů ................................ 89 6.3. Srovnání dobového sortimentu se současným ................................... 90 6.4. Výsledky šlechtění rodu Rhododendron L. za první republiky na území České republiky ............................................................................................ 96 7. Diskuse ..................................................................................................... 98 7.1. Latinské názvosloví ............................................................................. 98 7.2. Názvosloví a systematické zařazení ................................................... 98 7.3. Dostupnost zdrojů ............................................................................... 98 7.4. Rhododendron indicum Sweet. ........................................................... 99 7.5. Systematické zařazení do skupin ........................................................ 99 7.6. Použití rododendronů .......................................................................... 99 7.7. Dostupnost informací .......................................................................... 99 5 7.8. Mrazuvzdornost .................................................................................. 99 8. Závěr ....................................................................................................... 101 9. Souhrn a Resumé ..................................................................................
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