THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA MINISTRY OF WATER AND ENERGY Public Disclosure Authorized

ETHIOPIAN NILE IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE PROJECT (funded by The World Bank) Public Disclosure Authorized RIBB RESERVOIR SCHEME Public Disclosure Authorized

Public Disclosure Authorized RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN

Final Report

SEPTEMBER 2014 Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...... VII

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... VIII

CHAPTER 1 – PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 1 1.1 Project Context...... 1 1.2 Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project...... 1 1.3 Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project ...... 2 1.4 Project Area...... 2 1.5 Aim and Scope of the Resettlement Action Plan...... 3 1.6 Constraints to the Study...... 3 1.7 Structure of the Report...... 4

CHAPTER 2 – APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY...... 5 2.1 Social screening...... 5 2.2 Surveys – Asset Inventory, Socio-economic survey and Preferences ...... 5 2.3 Draft report preparation...... 8

CHAPTER 3 – PROFILE OF THE PROJECT AREA ...... 10 3.1 Profile of the Region, Zone and Woredas ...... 10 3.2 Profile of the Impacted Kebeles ...... 11 3.3 Demographic Profile of Project Affected Households...... 12 3.4 Socio-Economic Survey of Project Affected Households...... 14 3.5 Baseline status of Project Affected Households...... 19 3.6 Major on-going Government Development Programs/Projects/Plans in the Project Area...... 19

CHAPTER 4 – STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS...... 22 4.1 Project Stakeholders ...... 22 4.2 Stakeholder Workshops ...... 22 4.3 Community Consultations ...... 24 4.4 Focus Group Discussions ...... 25 4.5 Preference Survey Consultations...... 26 4.6 Institutional Consultations at Amhara Region...... 27 4.7 Institutional Consultations – Ebinat and Farta Woreda ...... 28

Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme – Final Report Page i Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project

CHAPTER 5 – IMPACT ASSESSMENT ...... 34 5.1 Positive Impacts ...... 34 5.2 Impact on Private assets...... 35 5.3 Impact on Kebele community/Church/Common Property...... 39 5.4 Impact on vulnerable groups...... 40 5.5 Potential Impacts on host community...... 41 5.6 Other temporary impacts...... 42

CHAPTER 6 – APPLICABLE LEGAL FRAMEWORK...... 43 6.1 National Legislation and Practice ...... 43 6.2 World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.12) on Involuntary Resettlement...... 48 6.3 Comparison between GoE legislations and WB OP 4.12...... 49 6.4 Resettlement Policy Framework...... 53

CHAPTER 7 – MITIGATION MEASURES AND PROCESSES ...... 58 7.1 Impact Mitigation Strategy...... 59 7.2 Impact mitigation measures ...... 59 7.3 Relocation Plan for displaced PAPs...... 65 7.4 Process of compensation and handing over of land...... 75 7.5 Training Programs...... 76 7.6 Database of Information...... 77 7.7 Summary of Preferences...... 78

CHAPTER 8 – INCOME AND LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION...... 79 8.1 Income Restoration Strategy...... 79 8.2 Judicious use of compensation and assistance amounts...... 79 8.3 Short and Long term work opportunities with the Ribb Dam ...... 80 8.4 Income Restoration ...... 81 8.5 Land and Non-Land Based occupations ...... 84 8.6 Consultations with Potential Partner Agencies...... 98

CHAPTER 9 – GENDER ACTION PLAN ...... 102 9.1 Gender Analysis...... 102 9.2 Women in the Project Area ...... 102 9.3 Gender Strategy and Action Plan...... 103

Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme – Final Report Page ii Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project

CHAPTER 10 – INSTITUTIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK ...... 107 10.1 National Level...... 107 10.2 Regional Level...... 108 10.3 Woreda level institutions ...... 109 10.4 Implementation responsibilities ...... 110 10.5 Reporting linkages...... 112

CHAPTER 11 – BUDGET ESTIMATES FOR RAP IMPLEMENTATION ...... 114 11.1 Cost of mitigation measures for PAPs...... 114 11.2 Cost of mitigation measures toward project affected kebeles ...... 116 11.3 Cost of implementation...... 117

CHAPTER 12 – IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE...... 120 12.1 Schedule of RAP Implementation...... 120 12.2 Green Light conditions ...... 126

CHAPTER 13 – DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION PLAN...... 127 13.1 Disclosure of RAP ...... 127 13.2 Existing channels of communication ...... 127 13.3 Principles for Consultation and Participation in Ribb Reservoir...... 128 13.4 Communication Strategy and Action Plan...... 128 13.5 Issues for Dissemination and Participation...... 130 13.6 Consultations with Host community...... 131

CHAPTER 14 – MONITORING AND EVALUATION...... 132 14.1 Monitoring and Evaluation Framework of ENIDP...... 132 14.2 M&E Structure – Scope and Responsibilities...... 133 14.3 Monitoring of RAP Implementation...... 133 14.4 Annual External Evaluation ...... 136

CHAPTER 15 – GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL...... 138 15.1 Types of likely Grievances ...... 138 15.2 Need for Grievance Redressal Mechanism...... 138 15.3 Grievance Redressal Mechanism...... 138

Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme – Final Report Page iii Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1– Structure of Resettlement Action Plan...... 4 Table 3.1 – Area, Density and Population of affected Woredas, Zone and Region...... 10 Table 3.2 – Population by sex in each affected kebeles...... 11 Table 3.3: Social Services and Infrastructures in the project affected kebeles (Nos.)...... 11 Table 3.4 – Affected population by Religion (%)...... 12 Table 3.5 – Distribution of PAPs by Gender & Age (%)...... 12 Table 3.6– Distribution of PAPs by Educational Status & Gender...... 13 Table 3.7 – Employment Status of PAPs (Age 10 and Above)...... 13 Table 3.8 – Distribution of Head of households by primary occupation...... 13 Table 3.9 – Physical status of the affected population...... 14 Table 3.10 – Disability reported by type...... 14 Table 3.11 – Percentage of respondents by type of Membership in CBOs and Cooperative Societies ...... 14 Table 3.12 – Awareness of HIV/AIDS and Malaria in the area (%) ...... 15 Table 3.13 – Sources of drinking water (%)...... 16 Table 3.14 – Distance to different water sources by km (%) ...... 16 Table 3.15 – Major crops grown under supplementary irrigation (%) ...... 17 Table 3.16 – Major crops grown under Rain fed irrigation (%) ...... 17 Table 3.17 – Percentage of PAHs indicating enrolment in ongoing government programs by program (%)...... 18 Table 3.18 – Usefulness of government programs indicated by Respondents...... 18 Table 4.1 – Details of Stakeholder consultations...... 22 Table 4.2 – Details of community consultations...... 24 Table 5.1 – Number of PAPs by kebele...... 35 Table 5.2 – Impact on privately owned farm lands ...... 35 Table 5.3 – Impact on privately owned common grazing lands ...... 36 Table 5.4 – Impact on lands considered ineligible for compensation (Permanent employees) ...... 36 Table 5.5 – Impact on severely eroded lands considered ineligible for compensation...... 36 Table 5.6 – Number of PAPs experiencing impact on residential structures ...... 37 Table 5.7 – Impact on Structures by type of structure ...... 37 Table 5.8 – Impacts by extent of remaining by loss of structure and then loss of land...... 37 Table 5.9 – Impacts on Natural Trees...... 38 Table 5.10 – Impacts on Eucalyptus Trees...... 38 Table 5.11 – Impacts on Perennial Crops...... 38 Table 5.12 – Impacts on Farm and grazing land owned by kebele ...... 39 Table 5.13 – Impacts on Farm and Grazing land owned by Church...... 39 Table 5.14 – Impact on Communal grazing land ...... 39 Table 5.15 – Total impacted land...... 40 Table 5.16 – No. of affected Female PAPs...... 40 Table 5.18 – Number of vulnerable PAH ...... 41 Table 6.1 – Comparison between Government of Ethiopia’s Legislation and World Bank’s OP 4.12...... 50

Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme – Final Report Page iv Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project

Table 6.2 – Entitlement framework ...... 53 Table 7.1 – Assessment of Urban resettlement site for residential purpose at Ebinat Woreda...... 68 Table 7.2 – Assessment of Communal land resettlement site for residential purpose, Amisteya kebele...... 70 Table 7.3 – Assessment of resettlement site for residential purpose at Debre Tabor Town ...... 70 Table 8.1 - Distribution of PAHs in terms of balance landholdings ...... 81 Table 9.1 – No. of female PAPs remaining loss of land and structures...... 103 Table 9.2 – Preferences for Income Restoration indicated by female PAPs ...... 103 Table 9.3 – Gender Sensitive Monitoring Indicators ...... 105 Table 9.4 – Parameters for assessing quality of life ...... 105 Table 10.1 – Implementation Activities along with responsibility of agencies involved...... 111 Table 11.1 – Consolidated Budget Summary for RAP Implementation of Ribb Reservoir Scheme ...... 119 Table 12.1 – Implementation Schedule of RAP of Ribb Reservoir Scheme ...... 124 Table 14.1 – Performance Indicators for RAP implementation...... 133 Table 14.2 – Broad parameters for assessing quality of life ...... 137

Figures 7.1 Project induced risks and potential actions 58 10.1 Overall Information and Reporting Links for RAP implementation 112 14.1 Reporting linkages for Internal Monitoring 132 14.2 Information and Reporting linkages for External Evaluation 135 Photos 2.1 Verification of rural landholding book during disclosure process at Amisteya kebele 9 4.1 Community Consultations at Amisteya and Medeb Gubda and Jara Shikra kebeles 25 4.2 Focus Group discussions with women at Amisteya and Medebgubda 27 7.1 Resettlement Sites in Woreda town area 69 7.2 Bank and Woreda offices in Ebinat Woreda Town Centre 70 7.3 Types of houses in Ebinat Town 73 Boxes 7.1 and National Strategic Plan for Malaria Prevention, Control and Elimination in Ethiopia, 2010-2015 64 7.2 15.1 Essentials in Grievance Redressal 139 Annexures 2.1 Documents referred, websites visited and departments met 141 5.1 List of PAPs requiring to relocate 144 6.1 Key definitions 147 7.1 Entitlement Agreement Certificate 150 8.1 Terms of Reference for Livelihood and Income Restoration for PAPs of Ribb Reservoir Scheme 151 10.1 Terms of Reference for Social Development Specialist for RIDP 157 10.2 TORs for Support Experts at the Woreda Level 159 14.1 Monitoring Indicators (indicative) 161 14.2 Template for Monthly Internal Monitoring Report of RAP implementation (Indicative) 164 14.3 Terms of Reference for Annual External Evaluation 166 Appendices in soft copy (CD) 2.1 Socio-Economic Survey Form 2.2 Preference Survey Form

Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme – Final Report Page v Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project

2.3 Cadastral Data, coordinates and areas of parcels and list of PAPs 3.1 Socio-Economic Survey findings 4.1 Details of Consultation 4.2 Attendance Sheets 7.1 Letter regarding allotment of resettlement sites from Ebinat Woredas and Debre Tabor 7.2 Letter regarding allotment of communal grazing land in Amisteya kebele 8.1 Preference survey findings 11.1 Cost estimate of Resettlement sites prepared by SMEC Ethiopia 15.1 Sample Grievance Format

Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme – Final Report Page vi Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ANRS Amhara National Regional State ASCI Amhara Savings and Credit Institution BCC Behavioural Change Communication BoARD Bureau for Agricultural and Rural Development BoEPLAU Bureau of Environmental Protection and Land Administration Use BoFED Bureau for Finance and Economic Development CSA Central Statistical Agency EC Ethiopian Calendar ENIDP Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project ENSAP Eastern Nile Subsidiary Action Program ETB Ethiopian Birr FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia FGD Focus Group Discussion GoE Government of Ethiopia GRM Grievance Redressal Mechanism HEW Health Extension Worker IEC Information Education and Communication LDA Livestock Development Agency LLIN Long Lasting Insecticidal Net M & E Monitoring and Evaluation MoWE Ministry of Water and Energy NPC National Project Coordinator NPSC National Project Steering Committee OP Operational Policy OP 4.12 Operational Policy on Involuntary Resettlement OoEPLAU Office of Environmental Protection and Land Administration Use PAH Project Affected Household PAP Project Affected Person PSNP Productive Safety Net Program RAP Resettlement Action Plan RPF Resettlement Policy Framework RPSC Regional Project Steering Committee SDS Social Development Specialist WB The World Bank WoARD Woreda office of Agricultural and Rural Development WoFED Woreda office of Finance and Economic Development WPITs Woreda Project Implementation Teams

Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme – Final Report Page vii Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Context Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) in agreement with the World Bank has prepared the Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project (ENIDP) that will finance up to 20,000 ha of new irrigated agriculture and complete detailed feasibility studies up to 80,000 ha of land. The Project Development Objective is to sustainably increase agricultural output and productivity in project areas. The schemes to be financed under the project include: Megech Pump (at Seraba) Irrigation and Drainage Project and Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project (RIDP). The project comprises four components: Irrigation Development; Agricultural and Market Development; Irrigation Management and Project Management. The total Project cost is estimated to be US$ 173.6 million1 of which the International Development Association (IDA) will finance US$ 150.00 million, while FDRE and Beneficiaries will contribute the balance US$ 23.6 million. The implementing agency for the project is Ministry of Water and Energy (MoWE).

Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project (RIDP) The RIDP intends to transform rain-fed subsistence agriculture into irrigated commercial agriculture. The project is located in South Gonder Zone in Amhara National Regional State, on the east side of Lake Tana between Bahir Dar and Gonder towns. 14,460 ha2 of the Fogera Plain – a floodplain on each side of the Ribb River, is proposed to be irrigated by water stored behind the Ribb Dam, and released into the Ribb River and distributed by gravity to approximately 11,500 farming households in the Project Command Area (PCA). The Ribb dam is a 73.2 meter earth- rock fill dam and the flooded area at elevation of 1,940.00 masl (Normal Water Level) will be about 10 km2 and 11.235 km2 (1123.5 ha) at 1,943.00 masl (Maximum Water Level), with reservoir storage capacity of 234 million cubic meter. Areas in four kebeles – Ayvaniva, Medebgubda, Jara Shikhra in Farta Woreda and Amisteya in Ebinat Woreda will be submerged leading to formation of the Ribb Reservoir.

Objective and Scope of Resettlement Plan An Environment and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) study carried out for RIDP identified the likely benefits, adverse impacts, and proposed indicative measures and mechanisms for mitigation of the identified impacts. It enabled scoping of the task for preparation of the RAP. The overall objective of RAP is to ensure that affected households are no worse-off after the Project when compared to the pre-project situation. The RAP carries forward the findings of the ESIA study, details the non-tangible and tangible impacts, enlists the affected persons along with their socio-economic details and records their preferences for resettlement and rehabilitation. It further elaborates on the mitigation measures within the context of Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) and the mechanisms: to implement the RAP, monitor and evaluate its implementation and outcomes, and redress the grievances.

Approach and Methodology The RAP was prepared in three stages. The first stage included a desk review of literature relevant to the project and the region such as proclamations, directives, on-going government schemes and projects. It was followed by a Stakeholder workshop in July 2010 with broad range of stakeholders drawn from the regional, woredas and kebele administration, etc. to introduce the project and elicit their views and concerns. The Second stage comprised surveys – inventory of affected assets, Socio-economic profiling of PAPs, and for recording preferences of each Project Affected household with regard to resettlement and rehabilitation. Consultations were held with communities and institutions relevant to preparation and also likely to have a role in RAP implementation. Resettlement sites were identified for those who are likely to be displaced and opting to shift to other locations. Legal verification of PAPs was

1 Original Total Project Cost was US$ 110.0 million 2 Source: ESIA report by BRL Ingenerie

Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme – Final Report Page viii Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project carried out at Kebele level disclosure events to help establish eligibility of PAPs for compensation of affected assets and other assistances. Third stage comprised RAP preparation including generating maps of parcels that need to be acquired. For this purpose, Cadastral mapping was completely generated from intensive ground surveying technique. GIS system enabled management of both the physical and attributes information of each plot of land together. GIS data was synchronized with other details from the legal verification exercise so that the implementation i.e. acquisition of land from the rightful owners and due processing of entitlements can be facilitated. The Compensation document was prepared, in close collaboration with the valuation committees of both Woredas. After due checking, the document was approved by the respective Valuation committees, their Woreda Cabinets, Regional BoEPLAU before its submission to MoWE and for incorporation of compensation details in the RAP.

Baseline survey findings The average household size amongst PAHs is 4.5 per household. As per survey, 98.97% of the PAPs follow Christianity as their religion, while Muslims constitute less than 1% of the total PAH. In terms of distribution by age, 44.79% of PAPs are less than 15 years. Only about 1.85% of the total affected population is above 65 years. Educational status is very low as 54.96% of the PAPs are illiterate. Higher illiteracy rate (60.78%) is recorded amongst female population. Only about 1.45% of PAPs are educated upto Grade 11 and above. In terms of occupation, 94.89% of the Household heads reported their primary occupation to be agriculture. Other occupations practiced include Daily labour, Weaving, Blacksmith and Petty trading. Major health problems reported are Malaria and Diarrhea. Baseline status: 97.99% of the PAPs (Household heads) in the three kebeles reported of agriculture as the main source of income. The remaining PAPs were either practicing petty trade, followed by employment and non-farm labor. In terms of income, ETB 33584.06 was the average annual income across the surveyed households. 60.37% in Medebgubda reported of receiving farmer trainings, followed by Jarashikra (31.88%) and Amisteya (14.68%). 25.87% of the PAHs in Amisteya reported of enrolment in PSNP. With regard to possession of other skills, nearly one fifth (19.41%) reported of Petty Trade, while a total of 12.58% PAHs reported of other skills such as Weaving, spinning, Tannery, Carpentry, Masonry, Blacksmith, etc. Livestock Holding: 91.03% of the total indicated possession of livestock mainly cattle, goat and sheep.

Stakeholder Consultations Consultations included: a Workshop with a broad range of stakeholders, key informant interviews with officials of implementing agencies; consultations with communities, particularly PAPs and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with women groups. Key topics discussed included: objective and scope of the project, likely benefits such as fishery development, irrigation development in the command area. Key concerns expressed by the PAPs were regarding accuracy in measurements of affected assets, participation of the community in valuation; compensation for communal lands, timely payment of compensation and counselling on its usage; options for resettlement and rehabilitation, provision of trainings to take up other occupations; health issues relating to water-borne diseases, particularly malaria; and the spread of STIs e.g. HIV/AIDS. Consultations with implementing agencies helped assess their capacity and constraints. Also, an assessment out of potential partner agencies such as Organization for Rehabilitation and Development in Amhara (ORDA), Amhara Development Association (ADA), etc. with prior experience and expertise in livelihood activities was also carried.

Project Impacts Positive Impacts: The anticipated positive impacts likely to accrue in the command area of the project i.e. Libo- kemkem and Fogera woredas are: a) Increased cropping intensity due to provision of dry season irrigation water; b) Increased crop yields due to improved drainage, inputs and crop husbandry; c) Increased crop diversity due to an improvement of land capability by irrigation and drainage and improved access to seeds and markets; d) Increased and stabilised household incomes from agriculturally related goods and services – and associated local employment including for scheme operation and maintenance; e) Improved institutional capacity of government organizations responsible for water management and agricultural development at regional, woreda and kebele levels; f) Improved

Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme – Final Report Page ix Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project road access with many associated benefits with many associated benefits; g) Reduced impacts from flooding; h) reduction in incidences of water-borne diseases malaria due to draining out of excess water; i) short-term and long term opportunities during construction stage. In the reservoir area, positive impacts shall be development of reservoir fishery and tourism related activities, etc.

Adverse impacts: Census/asset inventory survey helped to ascertain the quantum of impacts in the Reservoir area upto an elevation of 1943.5 masl (including additional 0.5 meters of buffer zone) For Ribb Reservoir Project, the cut- off date3 i.e. the official date of commencement of updation of asset inventory survey is November 21, 2012. Adverse impacts are summarized in the table below:

Type of Adverse Impacts  Individual: Loss of land, structures (including Tukuls), trees, crops, production loss, access,  Kebele community: likely increase in incidents of waterborne diseases such as malaria and HIV/AIDS cases due to in-migration, pressure on host population at resettlement sites in urban areas; greater risks to food security; reduced grazing land Type of Affected Individuals, Kebeles and Churches persons/institutions Woredas affected 2; Ebinat and Farta Kebeles affected 4; Amisteya (Ebinat Woreda), Ayvanvia, Jara Shikra and Medebgubda (in Farta Woreda) No. of PAHs directly affected by No. of PAHs: 1091; Total No. of PAPs: 4909 (based on average household size of 4.5) the project Break up of PAHs by kebele (in Amisteya (393), Ayvaniva (4), Jara Shikra (194) and Medeb Gubda (500) nos.) Type of land being acquired Private cultivable land (rainfed and irrigated), privately owned grazing and communal land Average landholding size Medebgubda (1.015 ha); Jarashikra (0.86 ha), Ayvaniva (0.833 ha) and Amestiya (0.78 ha). Quantum of land to be acquired 1041.616 (in ha) Break up of Total farm land by 946.2171 (Individual); 2.799 (Kebele) and 2.34375 (Church); 4.93493 (ineligible as already ownership govt. land) and 1.69049 (ineligible as severely eroded) Quantum of grazing land (in ha) 83.63027 (Communal land - 75.61116; Private grazing land – 7.96216; Church – 0.5695) Residential structures impacted Total 211 structures of floor area 4,596.95 sq.mtr2 owned by 136 PAPs; 60 structures with (Nos.) Corrugated Iron Sheet roofed and 151 with Thatched Roof Trees affected by type and no. Kebele Natural Trees Eucalyptus Perennial trees Amisteya 10804 26268 2436 Ayvaniva 11 0 0 Jara Shikra 1745 11353 39 Medeb Gubda 18041 95047 154 Total 30601 132668 2629 No. of vulnerable Households (of 276, Female headed households (177); old age above 65 years (99); 1091 PAHs) Physically displaced PAHs and  Number of PAHs who shall be shifting to ‘project identified’ urban resettlement sites or relocating to project identified communal land site: 85 resettlement sites  Maximum number of PAHs are 50 from Medebgubda kebele, while there are four from Jara Shikra kebele  Amisteya has two sets of resettlers: 7 households relocating to rural site and 24 relocating to Ebinat Woreda town centre

3 The establishment of a cut-off date is required to prevent opportunistic invasions/rush migration into the project zone as that could be a major risk to the sub-project

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Resettlement Policy Framework A Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) was formulated for ENIDP on basis of FDRE regulations and World Bank’s Operational Policy (OP 4.12) on Involuntary Resettlement. The RPF was approved by Bank and disclosed at its Infoshop in 2007. The RPF defines roles, responsibilities and procedures for the preparation, review and approval of the RAPs and thereby ensures that both the national and donor requirements for land acquisition and resettlement are adequately addressed. It forms the basis for preparation of this RAP. The three key components of the RPF relevant to the RAP are: a) permanent displacement compensation for loss of assets on land; and c) provision of income restoration support for livelihood measures as per PAP preferences. Therefore mitigation measures will be as follows: a) Cash compensation for assets on land lost by individual farmers; b) Cash compensation for community grazing land to respective affected kebeles; c) Specialized Training and Economic Rehabilitation Grant (ERG) support to the PAPs to take up income restoration activities; d) special support measures to vulnerable households; e) amenities such as water, electricity at resettlement sites that are specifically developed at urban areas.

Compensation, Expropriation, Resettlement and Livelihood & Income Restoration After in-depth discussions on the compensation choices offered, all PAHs preferred to take cash compensation for loss of land, in lieu of proportionately sized plot of irrigable land in the command area, displacement compensation i.e. compensation for crop loss for ten (10) years would be paid at one time. The project shall contract experienced Income Restoration Agency(ies) to provide support to those PAHs with a balance landholding to take up alternate livelihood activities based on their skills and preferences. Compensation for trees and structures on land: Compensation for assets on land i.e. trees and structures would be paid to the PAPs as per framework. For structures, payments shall be made at replacement costs. Compensation for ten (10) years would be paid at one time shall be paid to individual PAPs for loss of private or common grazing land to kebeles for communal land.

Additional support measures to enhance the productivity of the balance grazing lands in the form of fodder development programs, etc. will be provided by the respective woreda departments. For those vulnerable PAPs who are required to shift, support measures shall include: i) support in shifting in kind (logistics) to identified resettlement sites only to vulnerable households; ii) site fully prepared and plots allotted in their name free of charge by provision of permanent holding certificate; iii) allowance to salvage all material particularly structures, even though these have been expropriated and compensated; iv) enrollment in food security programs, particularly for vulnerable households; iv) income restoration program with a mix of short and long term measures that include: provision of support depending on PAP’s choice of livelihood and income restoration in the form of: Training, development of suitable business proposals based on market assessment; and provision of backward and forward linkages, ERG, etc.; judicious usage of compensation amount should be effectively planned and carefully implemented through appropriate guidance and counseling on investment options; Provision of basic financial literacy; Provision of petty contracts on a preferential basis for works such as: housekeeping i.e. cleaning, sanitation, electrical works, security guards, support services, etc.; give preference to PAPs followed by community members from project affected kebeles, while engaging drivers for light vehicles. If PAPs have any light vehicles that could be used by the project then engage/contract.

For those losing structure everything (all land and house) and losing residential structures with some balance land and opting to shift to other sites, resettlement sites were identified. For the total of 85 PAHs, Ebinat Woreda identified 2 urban sites and 1 Rural (Communal Land) site while in Farta Woreda only one urban site and no rural site was identified. As per the standard of the towns 200 sq. m area is provided for 54 PAHs in Debre Tabor town and 250 sq. m for 24 PAHs] in Ebinat town. Ebinat Woreda has identified two sites for residential purposes and Debre Tabor town identified one site. Further Ebinat Woreda identified a communal land site for giving 500 sq.mtr plots (as per norms for plots in rural areas) to 7 PAPs of Amisteya kebele within the kebele.

Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme – Final Report Page xi Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project

Mitigation measures addressed the wider kebele/community would include suitable measures to mitiigate, loss of access, accidents, temporary impacts or loss, health impacts e.g. Malaria, increase in HIV/Aids, provide necessary support to overcome loss of community resources such as grazing land.

The provision of compensation and applicable support measures to individuals would require MoWE, through BoEPLAU, to formally disclose compensation packages; prepare and provide an Entitlement Certificate in local language – Amharic. The certificate would contain details of impacted assets – land area (rain fed & irrigated), compensation amount for lost assets, provision of income generating activity and related support measures, and the date by which land must be vacated. Additional support measures to PAPs such as Economic Rehabilitation Grant and Training Grant where applicable too will be specified. Once the Entitlement Certificate have been signed and handed over to PAPs compensation would be disbursed directly to the bank accounts of the PAPs. The Woreda administration will facilitate evacuation of the land. Land holder shall hand over the land to the woreda administration within 90 days from the date of payment of compensation when permanent structures as houses and other valuable fixed assets exist on the expropriated land. Within this period of time the PAP expected to completely remove all valuable properties from the land, and demolish and reconstruct houses in new place. Where there is no valuable asset (no standing crop, perennial crop or other property) on the expropriated land, the holder shall hand over the land to the Woreda administration within thirty (30) days from the date of receipt of the expropriation order.

Gender Mainstreaming Gender aspects would be main-streamed into all aspects of RAP implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation as well as in Grievance redressal. In terms of mitigation measures, compensation would be paid for both women and men equally either through joint account or direct payment. Also gender concerns are integrated into all activities such as relocation to another resettlement site, livelihoods restoration programs, etc. Participation of project affected women in the consultation process would be ensured by making their presence mandatory in all kebele level meetings. Day crèche facilities will help solve the problems of such women who can leave behind their children in such a crèche and work for the day in the construction activities. In case, owing to the demand of a fast construction, a 24 hour-long work-schedule would be in operation, then women, especially the mothers with infants would to be exempted from night shifts as far as possible. Each field team of the NGO/Consultancy firm responsible for Income restoration and External Evaluation are to include at least one female in their team of Key Personnel. The WPITs should ensure that women are actually taking part in issuance of identity cards, opening accounts in the bank and women PAPs are receiving compensation amounts by cheques in their name. The RAP would be monitored and evaluated using gender specific indicators. Women Affairs departments of the woredas would be involved in RAP implementation. They would be also well represented in the Committees constitute for Relocation and Compensation.

Implementing Institutions MoWE would have the overall responsibility of RAP implementation, supported by Regional and Woreda level institutions, WPITs and Woreda OoEPLAU, Agricultural departments will support the Agency contracted for Income Restoration of PAP in development of livelihood and income restoration programs. Woreda Health offices shall support RAP implementation Anti-Malaria and HIV/AIDS measures. The SD specialist for Ribb (hosed at BOEPLUA) will be supported by the 3 team of experts in both Farta and Ebnat Woredas. The six will report to the Woreda and also to the SD Specialist for Ribb at the regional level. The SD specialist for Ribb should report both to BEPLAU and RPCO who will be accountable for the overall coordination of RAP which is also part of project coordination. For implementing & monitoring of the measure relating to enrollment in food security program for those vulnerable PAHs, Disaster Prevention, Food Security Office and Safety Net Program Coordination Office at Bahir Dar will support the WPITs in addition to the support received from Woreda Council, WOARD and Kebele Administration and Kebele Food Security Task Force (KFSTF) in monitoring the food security situation of vulnerable PAHs. These agencies will also monitor the food situation for other PAHs i.e. those non-vulnerable and recommend appropriate actions with respect to inclusion or otherwise.

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Disclosure and communication strategy The draft RAP full translated in Amharic language, would be disclosed on MOWE website as well at the World Bank Infoshop. Feedback if any would be incorporated into the final RAP document, following which the final RAP will be disclosed again. Further to enhance transparency in implementation, the list of PAPs for disbursement of benefits shall be separately disclosed at the concerned kebele offices, Regional BoEPLAU and any other relevant offices, etc. Information on implementation activities shall be disseminated through disclosure events. Key actions under the communication strategy and plan comprise: a) installation of notice boards in the four kebeles; b) designating an Public Information Officer (PIO) to provide information on the project; c) establishment of a Public Information Center (PIC) to ensure more accessibility to PAPs; d) holding regular meetings in presence of key officials from the Woreda administration (WPITs)/ Kebele administration; e) Mass media agency: A mass media agency would be contracted to disseminate message, develop appropriate documentaries on income restoration activities for wider dissemination to all public

Monitoring and Evaluation The monitoring programme will have two broad components: Internal monitoring and external Evaluation. MoWE will conduct the concurrent internal monitoring with support from regional and woreda level bodies. It would be one continuous and routine process of tracking and reporting on activities and outputs associated with use of project resources. It would be closely integrated with the routine reporting system of implementing agencies and units (through Monthly, Quarterly and Annual Reports). It would include collection, analysis, reporting and use of information about the progress of R&R against a time-bound implementation schedule indicated in the RAP. Quantitative indicators that focus on physical and financial targets and delivery of entitlements to PAPs will provide an efficient tool to supplement qualitative assessment that shall be carried out in the case of socio-economic impacts. Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) unit, RPCO at Amhara region will coordinate with regional and woreda level agencies and contracted agency (ies) for Income Restoration that will supplement the M&E unit by providing information as necessary. Internal monitoring under the Regional Coordinator’s office will commence soon after the RAP is approved and implementation activities commence. Internal monthly monitoring reports will be compiled by the Monitoring and Evaluation Unit of RPCO, while formal monitoring reports will be prepared for distribution to relevant stakeholders including World Bank on a quarterly basis. MoWE will contract a specialized agency to carry out External Evaluation on an annual basis to assess the effectiveness of the RAP implementation in relation to achievement of RAP objectives; identify constraints, and recommend any corrective measures as may be necessary to achieve stated outcomes and objectives. It would draw upon information gathered from routine monitoring, supplemented by information from surveys/ studies, including baseline and follow-up studies and other sources. The timing of the evaluation exercises would be such as to feed the findings into the Annual Project Review Workshop. A Mid-term evaluation would be carried out at the end of Year 3, while the End-term (or terminal) evaluation would be carried out a few months after Year 5.

Grievance Redressal For the Ribb Reservoir scheme, there shall be Grievance mechanisms at kebele, woreda, and Regional level for addressing grievances relating to compensation, relocation and other processes, etc. To address these greivances Committees are formed. First level of grievance handling will involve physical verification upon receipt of any grievance such as inaccurate measurement of impacted asset, loss of access, damage to structures, crops during construction, counting of trees etc. that do not involve immediate monetary implications. The physical verification and certification will be carried out by the WPIT members in presence of PAPs and appropriate documentation would be done. They would draw upon the Relocation Committee and Income Restoration Agency(ies) as required. Response would be provided to the concerned PAP within 7-10 days of receipt of grievance. The GRC will normally meet once in a month but may meet more frequently, if the situation so demands. A time period of 45 days will be available for redressing the grievance of EPs. The decision of the GRC will not be binding to PAPs. The PAP would have two more levels at the Woreda and Region, besidess the option of taking recourse to the court of law, if he/she so desires

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Implementation Schedule Disclosure of Draft RAP; updation and finalization of RAP upon: completion of survey in unsurveyed area and enumeration of number of PAPs and receipt and incorporation of comments if any upon draft disclosure; issuance of entitlement certificates and compensation payments, preparation of and relocation to resettlement sites; commencement training of kebele irrigation level committee members, setting up/operationalizing of grievance redressal cells at the Kebele are some of the key implementation activities. At present the dam construction is expected to be completed by June 2015 and the areas forming the reservoir are expected to be fully submerged by October 2016. As already areas have started getting submerged, while land expropriation following compensation and relocation activities will be completed at the earliest, the re-establishment of livelihoods is expected to take up much longer. Hence the total RAP implementation period is Sixty (60) months.

Budget Estimate for RAP Implementation Budget include costs of: compensation for assets, mitigation measures for kebeles such as provision of ferry service, health centre, contracting agencies for Income Restoration, Annual External Evaluation and mass media for dissemination; hiring of livelihood experts, provision of anti malaria and HIV/AIDS measures and other field administration costs. The cost of implementing the RAP for Ribb Reservoir Scheme shall be ETB 314672600.

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CHAPTER 1 – PROJECT DESCRIPTION

1.1 Project Context Ethiopia’s current emphasis on expanded investment in irrigation has benefited from achievements in recent years under the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI). The NBI was formally launched in February 1999 by the Council of Ministers of Water Affairs of the Nile Basin States. The Initiative includes all Nile countries and provides an agreed basin-wide framework to fight poverty and promote socio-economic development in the region. The Initiative is guided by a Shared Vision “to achieve sustainable socio-economic development through the equitable utilization of; and benefit from, the common Nile Basin water resources”. The Nile countries seek to realize their Shared Vision among others through a Subsidiary Action Program (SAP), comprising sub-basin projects. The World Bank has been actively engaged in supporting the Nile Basin Initiative. Under the Nile Basin Initiative, the Eastern Nile Subsidiary Action Program (ENSAP), which includes the countries of Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan, is a regional program of co-operative investment that seeks to initiate a regional, integrated multi-purpose program through first set of investments. The ENSAP countries have identified sub-projects in the areas of integrated water resources management, flood management, power generation and interconnection, watershed management, and irrigation and drainage. In 2001, the Eastern Nile Council of Ministers (ENCOM) decided that funding should be sought to advance studies of promising irrigation and drainage sites to feasibility and design level. In October 2004, ENCOM decided to fast tract irrigation and drainage projects to achieve clear results of Nile Basin Collaboration on the ground, and agreed to feasibility studies for 100,000 ha, and investment for initial development of irrigation of around 20,000-30 ha, in each country.

1.2 Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) in agreement with the World Bank prepared the Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project (ENIDP) that will finance up to 20,000 ha of new irrigated agriculture and complete detailed feasibility studies of up to 80,000 ha. The total Project cost is estimated at US$173.6 million, of which International Development Association (IDA) will finance US$ 150.00 million and FDRE and Beneficiaries will finance the remaining US$ 23.6 million. The selection of the irrigation schemes to be included in the ENIDP is the result of a strategic analysis of potential irrigation developments in the Ethiopian Nile Basin, by Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR) in July 2006. The analysis evaluated the relative attractiveness of nine potential schemes based on economic, environmental and social criteria. Based on this analysis, the MoWE selected the schemes to be included for financing and for study by the ENIDP. The designated schemes to be financed for development by the ENIDP are Megech Pump (at Seraba), Ribb reservoir and Ribb irrigation scheme.

The development objective of the project is to sustainably increase agricultural output and productivity in project areas. In addition, the project aims to contribute to further strengthening cooperation on the Nile between Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan. The proposed project comprises three technical components: (i) Irrigation Development; (ii) Agricultural and Market Development; and (iii) Irrigation Management. The fourth component is Project Management. The project will support the Lake Tana growth pole and will closely work together with other operations such as the Tana Beles project and the Rural Capacity Building Project4. The objective of first component – Irrigation Development is develop sustainably about 20,000 hectares of ground and surface water infrastructure and ascertain future irrigation potential in 80,000 hectares. In support of capturing the multiplier benefits of irrigation investments, the component will accelerate the existing FDRE’s land certification program in the project area. The component will finalize feasibility and detailed design studies, prepare bidding documents and launch tenders for construction and construction supervision, and develop irrigation infrastructure covering about 20,000 hectares. The component will also conduct feasibility studies into 80,000 hectares of irrigated agriculture and will conduct a number

4 Source: Project Appraisal Document, Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project, The World Bank

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The expected project results include: (i) improved access to water on about 20,000 hectares of irrigation infrastructure through investments in infrastructure, (ii) improved access to markets for inputs and produce through support to targeted supply chains; (iii) adequate management of irrigation through public-private partnerships, promotion of small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) / small and medium size industries (SMIs) and strengthening of capacities of water users’ associations, and (iv) satisfactory project management and use resources in accordance with the project’s objectives and procedures, and increased government support for agricultural intensification in irrigated areas through increased public expenditures.

1.3 Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project The RIDP intends to transform rainfed subsistence agriculture into irrigated commercial agriculture. The project will encompass flood control, drainage, and supplementary plus dry season irrigation. It would allow improved cropping in the dry season. Associated drainage and flood protection measures would improve conditions for wet season agriculture. The project command area of RIDP is located in Libo Kemkem and Fogera woredas of South Gonder Zone in Amhara National Regional State, i.e. in the plains in the middle Ribb valley on both sides of the Addis Zemen – Wereta road and does not extend to the Lake Tana shores. Of the total irrigable command area identified of 19,925 ha, RIDP proposes that up to 14,460 ha5 of the Fogera Plain, a floodplain on each side of the Ribb River, be irrigated by water stored in Ribb Reservoir behind the Ribb Dam, and is released into the Ribb River and then distributed by gravity to approximately 11,500 farming households.

1.4 Project Area The Ribb Dam financed by MoWE for irrigation water storage and for flood management of Lake Tana is located in Ebinat Woreda, North East of Bahir Dar city at a distance of 142 km east of Lake Tana and can be accessed from the town of Addis Zemen using the existing 40 km long dry weather road6. The dam site is characterized by broad and flat flood plains, old bench forming terrace and low to high relief basaltic hills with steep to moderately steep slopes. The dam site area is extensively used for farming, settlements being denser at the upper reservoir slopes and top of the hills. The area can be characterized as a mountainous river valley, quite narrow at the dam site. The valley contains cultivated plots wherever the topography is suitable (slopes not too steep or rocky). The area has been used for rain fed agriculture by farmers and the valley that will be inundated by water later, is now under cultivation by farmers at large and partly inhabited by the people. The majority of the population in the area settled in the top of the valley in scattered form in the village for each settlement area constitutes homestead.

The dam shall be a 73.2 m earth-rock fill dam and the flooded area at elevation of 1,940.00 masl (Normal Water Level) will be about 10 km2 and 11.235 km2 (1123.5 ha) at 1,943.00 masl (Maximum Water Level), with reservoir storage capacity of 234 million cubic meter. Other features include: Saddle dams (3), a Coffer dam, a side channel spillway, required for the safe passage of flood discharge; and in-take tower and outlet pipeline, to release water from the reservoir back to the river course for downstream environmental releases, and subsequent diversion to the 19,925 ha irrigable area. The area to be flooded to form the Ribb Reservoir is situated in four kebeles – Medebgubda, Jara Shekera, Ayvaniya of Farta Woreda and Amisteya kebele of Ebinat Woreda. The Buffer zone i.e. the area in between the maximum normal reservoir water level (1943 masl) and maximum flood level (1943.5 masl) is treated as buffer zone of the reservoir area. The area inside 1943.5 masl is determined to be an impact zone and the area shall be acquired as well by the project..

5 Source: ESIA report by BRL Ingenerie 6 Source: Ribb Dam Feasibility Study, Water Works Design and Supervision Enterprise in association with Tahal, 2007

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1.5 Aim and Scope of the Resettlement Action Plan The ESIA study carried out for the RIDP identified multiple likely positive and adverse impacts due to the project. ESIA estimated a total of 11,500 beneficiary households in the project command area for the whole scheme. It also indicated that all land users will be affected by land reallocation and consolidation to create the rectangular basic irrigation units proposed in the layout plan. Irrigation development includes almost all settlements in the command area. Therefore all residents of the command area too would be considered Project Affected Persons (PAPs), together with people who live outside the command area but are dependent on resources within it. While RIDP covers all households including beneficiary households in the command area and also includes those affected by the Reservoir, this specific RAP covers only those PAP/PAHs who assets and livelihoods are to be directly affected due to submergence by the reservoir waters following dam construction.7

The Resettlement Policy Framework of ENIDP formed the basis for preparation of RAP for the Ribb Reservoir. It had been formulated on basis of FDRE regulations and World Bank’s OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement. It defines roles, responsibilities and procedures for the preparation, review and approval of the RAPs and thereby addresses the national and donor (World Bank’s) requirements on land acquisition and resettlement. The overall objective of RAP is to ensure that affected households are no worse-off after the Project. The RAP carries forward the findings of the ESIA study and, besides listing the non-tangible impacts, quantifies the tangible impacts and enlists the affected persons/households who shall be directly affected by the project infrastructure.

1.6 Constraints to the Study The key constraints experienced were the following:  Disruption of survey works due to rains: Due to rains in January 2011 the survey works were suspended temporarily and restarted in Mid-March, 2011 resulting in delays in completion of balance activities and report preparation;  Non-availability of cadastral maps of the area. Woreda officials informed that though Cadastral survey has not been carried out of the project area, 100% land certification had been completed. Therefore the area of plots measured during asset survey using modern equipment is accurate for the plots/area within the reservoir zone. Impact of non-availability of cadastral maps and accurate land holding was felt in regards to estimating the balance lands with PAHs as while rural landholding books have details of all their parcels, total landholdings, etc., but these are only estimates and not accurate measurements based on modern survey.  Issue of jumped parcels requiring survey, first reported by Farta Woreda soon after the completion of the survey and subsequently by Ebinat Woreda following computation and approval of the compensation document required multiple joint field based verifications and led to more repeat field checks and time delays;  Completion of Compensation valuation process took time on account of: i) continual power outage experienced in the area; ii) busy schedule of committee members and involvement in routine tasks and iii) farming season requiring committee members to attend to non-project activities.  Rates of assets (crops and trees) applied for computation of compensation by Ebinat and Farta Woredas and approved by Woreda Cabinet were considered too high for certain types of crops in the region and disapproved by the Regional BoEPLAU. It required correction and thereby re-computation of the compensation document by both Woredas and re-submission. Specifically the revision was not intended to cut the price but to rather verify that all rates used in the computations are reasonable. Accordingly, for instance, rates for natural trees provided by the farta woreda agricultural office was a bit too high, while rate for unripe perennial crops provided by Ebinat woreda agriculture office was found too high and reduced. Some minor adjustments was also made for rates used for structures and grazing lands;  Delay in: i) confirmation of provision of plots for those opting to resettle in town areas sizes by the zonal administration along with the plot size details; ii) finalizing of resettlement sites took nearly 12 months since the

7. A separate RAP shall cover those who are likely to be direct irrigation infrastructure

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process was commenced in May 2012; and iii) approval of Compensation document by concerned Woreda and Regional authorities took nearly 8 months till November 2013.

1.7 Structure of the Report The Resettlement Action Plan is organised as given in Table 1.1. Table 1.1– Structure of Resettlement Action Plan Chapter no. Brief description of contents 1 Project Context, Ribb Reservoir details, scope of RAP and constraints experienced 2 Approach and Methodology to prepare the RAP including public consultations/preference survey undertaken Profile of the project area – details of Farta and Ebinat woredas and four affected kebeles; with socio-economic 3 characteristics of the broader area, and the results of the asset inventory of PAPs 4 Details of consultations with various stakeholders and assessment 5 Positive and quantified adverse impacts induced by the project based on asset inventory survey Existing legal and regulatory framework, comparison between WB and GoE legislations and Entitlement 6 Framework 7 Mitigation Measures and Processes 8 Livelihood and Income Restoration Plan 9 Gender Action Plan including specific gender measures 10 Institutional and organisational mechanism, roles and responsibilities 11 Unit rates for different impacted items – crops, trees, structures, cost of implementation activities and also the total estimate for implementation of RAP 12 Activity wise Implementation Schedule 13 Disclosure of RAP, Communication action plan for participation Monitoring framework along with a comprehensive set of indicators, linkages, approach to evaluation of RAP 14 implementation. 15 Grievance redressal mechanisms: composition of committees and processes

Indicative Terms of Reference for the Income Restoration agency and for the Annual External Evaluation, formats for Internal monitoring report, and other useful details are annexed to the report. Other relevant information that forms the basis for prepareation of the report are presented in Appendices that is included in soft copy (See CD)

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CHAPTER 2 – APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

RAP preparation comprised three stages – Social Screening stage; Survey stage including asset inventory, Demographic, Socio-Economic, Preference survey; and finally Report preparation stage. Each of the stages is described below:

2.1 Social screening Desk review: A desk-based review of literature was carried out. The reviewed literature included Project Appraisal Document (PAD) and Project Implementation Manual (PIM) of ENIDP, Feasibility and ESIA reports of RIDP; all Proclamations, Directives and Guidelines of Government of Ethiopia (GoE) and Amhara National Regional State (ANRS) relevant and applicable to the project, with respect to compensation, land redistribution and rehabilitation. Other literature included strategic plans and reports such as National Plans for Malaria, HIV/Aids, Implementation Manual for Ribb River Fisheries Resource and Agriculture, Amhara region’s strategic plans for livestock development, etc. In addition, relevant details on Amhara region, Project woredas and kebeles were collected from Bureau of Finance and Economic Development (BoFED), Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development (BoARD), and Bureau of Environmental Protection and Land Administration and Use (BoEPLAU), Amhara Region and Office of Environmental Protection and Land Administration and Use (OoEPLAU) of Farta and Ebinat Woredas (See Annexure 1.1 for list of documents referred).

Stakeholder workshop: A Stakeholder Workshop was organized in July 2010 with a range of stakeholders that included: representatives from the region, woredas, kebele administration and other stakeholders such as Churches and Hospitals, etc. The purpose was to introduce the audience on the proposed scheme and the activities to be carried out on all aspects of RAP preparation, such as asset inventory, legal provisions, social and gender dimensions, engineering options, asset valuation and compensation process, etc. Attempt was made to elicit concerns and suggestions of the participants for consideration in the RAP preparation (See Chapter 4 on stakeholder consultations for details).

Literature review and the workshop enabled to devise instruments for survey and consultations.

2.2 Surveys – Asset Inventory, Socio-economic survey and Preferences Asset Inventory Survey stage: Survey works commenced in June 2010 and were completed in April 2011. A topographic survey was conducted using Total Station equipment (LEICA TPS 1200) to demarcate the actual boundaries of project impacts on the ground and subsequently to measure every parcel8. It helped to identify and delineate the project zone. All parcels within the zone were measured and recorded and their owners/claimants or PAPs were identified based on the landholding book. All counting of assets (structures, crops and trees situated on land) and registration was carried out in the presence of the ad-hoc Committee and owner/claimant of the affected property. The Asset survey and inventory team comprised Surveyors, Asset Valuation experts, committees members of the affected woredas and kebeles. Asset Survey was carried out by using the Standard property registration and valuation forms of the BoEPLAU, Amhara Region. Owing to various constraints resulting in delays, all the asset inventory data was updated in October – November 2012. The cut-off date9 as defined in the RPF, for Ribb reservoir scheme shall be the last date of asset inventory survey i.e. November 21, 2012. The entitlement cut-off date refers to the date when the assessment of PAPs and their assets is carried out. Thereafter, no new cases of affected

8 level of accuracy is upto 2mm 9 The establishment of a cut-off date is required to prevent opportunistic invasions/rush migration into the chosen land areas thereby posing a major risk to the RAP implementation

Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme – Final Report Page 5 Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project people were/will be considered. (See Appendix 2.3 for i) Coordinates of all Parcels, ii) Areas of all parcels and iii) Names of all Parties affected by the project.

Socio-economic survey: Socio-economic survey was carried out on a sample size – 15% of the total PAHs. For this purpose a representative random sample of households was chosen. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect quantitative and qualitative information on demographic and socio-economic characteristics. Enumerators including field coordinators from OoEPLAU closely supervised the survey. As Ayvaniva kebele had only four affected households, the survey was carried out in other three affected kebeles. Upon completion, the survey data was checked for consistency, cleaned and entered into SPSS (Ver. 16.0) for necessary processing. See Appendix 2.1 for Socio-Economic Survey Form.

FGDs and Consultations (community and institutional): Community consultations were carried by the Resettlement Expert, Legal Expert, Valuation Expert and Socio-Economist/Gender Expert after prior intimation to the kebeles and in the presence of officials of kebele administration. Further, consultations/meetings were held with relevant government offices such as Woreda Health Office, Women’s Affair Office, etc. and also non-governmental agencies who could be potential RAP implementation partners (See Chapter 4 on Stakeholder Consultations for more details).

PAP preference survey: As part of the participatory process adopted in RAP preparation, it was agreed with Regional BoEPLAU and MoWE to survey and identify preferences of each Project Affected Household with respect to their resettlement and rehabilitation. Following kebele level consultations and provision of training to the survey coordinator10 and survey personnel, the survey was administered. The survey was started on October 18 and completed on November 21, 2012. Emphasis was laid on contacting the head of the household for responses and if unavailable, then a senior member of the household capable for providing informed response was approached. Data from the survey was checked for errors and entered into a database. Following the survey in November 2012, Woredas and the Regional BoEPLAU held separate meetings with communities between January and February 2013, to understand concerns and apprehensions over moving to the RIDP command area (Libo-kemkem and Fogera) and further explain the pros and cons of their choices. These meetings also helped to reconfirm the survey findings.

Assessment of Resettlement Sites: Resettlement sites required for PAPs who lost residential structures and structure were identified with support from Debre Tabor Municipality (Farta Woreda), Woreda OoEPLAUs and Ebinat Woreda Administration. These sites were assessed on criteria such as accessibility, size and location (in terms of distance from original habitation), proximity to water, power, social service instititutions, etc.

Legal verification of PAPs and Disclosure events at Kebeles: The purpose of legal verification was to determine eligibility of PAPs for entitlement. The process adopted was as follows:  Searching and matching the name of PAP between Asset inventory data (collected from field) to that of landowners in the Master Book (OoEPLAU) as the Master Book contains all those PAPs with Rural Landholding book and also those persons who are currently in the process of securing a book;  Recording the total landholding size (in “Kada”)7, of the PAP;  PAPs from census property data could only be verified through their respective landholding certificate number. Where the census property data did not contain such number or a wrong number a remark was made stating the same and the PAPs were listed as being ‘Conditionally Eligible’ for entitlements. In many instances, successful efforts were made to identify PAPs even when the census data contains no or a wrong certificate number.

10 At Ebinat woreda, the coordinator of the survey team was a representative of the Woreda OoEPLAU

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 delivering the list of PAPs to each kebele through the Valuation committee;  subsequently the details were discussed at the Woreda OoEPLAU Office. Main points were:  the correct/legal name of the PAP vis-à-vis the Master Book, the Rural Landholding Book, the computer data base and/or the field list held by the Consultant ;  the process & status with respect to the issuance of Rural Landholding Book to the PAP or to his/ her legal successor, if any and  the reason why the Rural Landholding Book had not been issued to the PAP or his/her legal successor, if any, or otherwise;  the properties of the landless (i.e. those who are a family member to the land holders having hidden share in their family and thus they are expected to get land by gift or inheritance from their family) on the land; and  the factual background on which the landless were allowed to put/construct some properties on such land that legally belong to some other person/PAP.  As often there were cases where names the PAP taken from the field & the name of the said PAP in the Master Book did not tally with each other, the property data was taken to the respective kebeles for disclosure of the same to affected persons. Each discrepancy was clarified during the kebele level disclosure in presence of the affected PAP (present along with his land holding book), kebele officials and Valuation committee officials, including its Chairman. Each affected person was requested to present his rural landholding book and details were verified on the spot by the Valuation committee members. As this routine procedure is accepted by all concerned, following this exercise the entire list of affected persons was categorized the into ‘eligible’ and, ‘conditionally eligible’ persons. The exercise provided an opportunity to clarify issues regarding inheritance, compensaation, etc. to the PAPs. The activity took between 2 - 5 days to complete in each kebele11 (see photo 2.1 of the verification process during public disclosure). These events were repeated on multiple occassions to reconfirm the findings in case the need arose.

Photo 2.1 – Verification of rural landholding book during disclosure process at Amisteya kebele

Income restoration schemes: In light of the need for rehabilitation of impacted livelihoods and need for income restoration measures details on various agriculture and livestock extension and non-farm packages were collected and reviewed and discussions were held with: i) Amhara Livestock agency; ii) Farta Agricultural extension office; iii) Debre Tabor municipality; iv) Farta Microenterprise office; v) Ebinat Trade and Industry office and vi) Potential partner NGOs to assess the current available expertise on this critical aspect.

11 The disclosure process at Farta woreda was supervised for one day by a representative of the Regional BoEPLAU

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2.3 Draft report preparation The stage involved the major task of cadastral mapping of the project affected zone; compilation and analysis of relevant data; computation of compensation and finally preparation of RAP. These are described below (See Chapter 5 for details)

Cadastral mapping is required to provide information on physical characteristics of land parcels within the project area. These maps contain important graphical information on actual location, size and shape of each plot of landholding of farmers or the public within the project area. As cadastral mapping had not been done of the project zone, Cadastral maps required for Ribb reservoir scheme were completely generated from intensive ground surveying technique. The work involved five teams of SMEC’s experienced surveyors using high precision surveying instruments. The survey teams fully followed the benchmarks established and project boundaries demarcated by the designing consultant (Water Works Design and Supervision Enterprise).

The physical information (plot dimension, etc) of each distinct plot of land was collected from the survey task and originally encoded into AutoCAD software during the field work, while the attribute information (owner, measured area, code, etc.) of such plots were separately recorded in Excel software. The data ultimately transferred to GIS software for data quality assurance and further integration with other details of each plot produced by other experts. ArcGIS software (Ver. 9.3) was used to identify and clean-up errors and encoding works to deliver quality data.

Compensation Valuation: The asset valuation process comprised computation of the compensation payable to each PAP based on unit rates applied to affected assets. Farta and Ebinat woreda administrations mobilized the Valuation committees at two affected woredas. As the Amhara region had new directives “Regional Directive No. 5/2011” to implement the provisions of Regional Proclamation 133/2006 and Regulation No. 51/2007, a valuation training session12 was conducted for the woreda administrators, members and chairman of the valuation. The purpose was to: provide training on back ground for valuation and legal documents/proclamation, regulation, and directive in summary; provide clarifications on issues vide a question and answer sessions. The session concluded with provision of practical examples/exercise on computation of assets and with a group discussion. The training session was conducted over two days on May 10 and 11, 2011 at Debretabor town, Farta Woreda.

Provisions of Proclamation No. 455/2005 formed the basis for the assumptions, calculations and the overall process of valuation. Hence the Replacement Cost Method of Valuation13 formed the basis of valuation. In this method the value of an asset/property is determined by reference to the cost of replacing or reinstating the asset (as new) or that of its substitute.

A list of prices was obtained from government offices; 1) the prices of annual crops were obtained from the Woreda Trade and Industry Office which carries out a market survey on a weekly basis, 2) the prices for perennial crops, Eucalyptus tree, and Natural tree was obtained from Woreda Agriculture Office, and 3) prices for structures was estimated by Woreda (municipality) Engineer. Through this method the actual market values of the various types of assets/properties considered for compensation was established, and a unit rate for valuation and compensation was established. Compensation amounts were worked out based on these rates. The asset valuation excercise took place from early May to late July 2011 initially but subsequently were revised in March, 2013 based on new rates.

Results were incorporated in a payment schedule, providing the principal sources of information on the number and location of affected properties, number of the affected households, name of the asset owner/landholder, type of land, crop, number of trees and structures; and compensation amount payable. The compensation document for the Ribb Reservoir was signed by the Woreda Compensation Valuation Committee; submitted to respective Woreda Cabinet

12 The training was given by representative of the Regional BoEPLAU and sponsored by the RAP consultants – Messrs. SMEC 13 Also referred to as the Contractors Test Method of Valuation.

Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme – Final Report Page 8 Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project for approval. Once approved the document was reviewed for accuracy and rates by Regional BoEPLAU, prior to approval and onward submission to MoWE for effecting compensation payment.

Analysis and report writing: Data from Socio-economic survey, Household Demographic survey, were analyzed using SPSS14 (version 16.0). Preference Survey details were analyzed using MS-Excel 2010 software. Also the recorded discussions with stakeholders were appropriately documented for usage in the report.

14 Statistical Package for the Social Sciences

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CHAPTER 3 – PROFILE OF THE PROJECT AREA

The chapter presents profile of the Amhara Region and Woreda, demographic characteristics of the impacted population, socio-economic survey findings and also details on ongoing government programs.

3.1 Profile of the Region, Zone and Woredas Table 3.1 below presents details in terms of area, density, population for the affected Woredas, Zone and Region. While Farta woreda is smaller than Ebinat Woreda in size, Farta Woreda is more densely populated with 228.4 persons per sq.km. As can been seen from the Table, male and female population is fairly even when compared between the two Woredas, and with zone and the overall region. Table 3.1 – Area, Density and Population of affected Woredas, Zone and Region Name of Woreda/Region Area (in sq.km) Density Population Male Female Total Ebinat Woreda 2481.15 96.3 121,610 117,304 238,914 Farta Woreda 1099.25 228.4 128,139 122,908 251,047 South Gondar Zone 14095.19 158.9 1,135,587 1,103,490 2,239,077 Amhara Region 154708.96 121.9 9,461,005 9,404,997 18,866,002 Source: Statistical Abstract, Central Statistical Agency, FDRE, July 2012

Population by Religion: 82.5% of the population are Orthodox Christians (82.5%) followed by Muslims (17.2%). Land use: Also the largest proportion of areas in both woredas is covered by cultivatable land at 60% and 52% of the total area in Farta and Ebinat woredas respectively. Though land is most important resource for agricultural production, studies indicate that land is becoming scarce due to an increase in population. According to Central Statistical Agency (CSA), the average land area per household in the region is 1.3 hectare (Amhara BoFED, 2007).

Livelihood and land use: Rural population is primarily dependent on agriculture for livelihood. In Amhara region, about 89 percent of the population resides in rural areas and thus the majority of the population depends on agriculture mostly on mixed farming (crop production and animal rearing) for its livelihood and on average it accounts for 61.7% of the regional GDP.

Agriculture has remained unchanged and is largely rainfed. Agriculture is still the mainstay of the population and most of the available land is used for crop and livestock production, a mix of which characterizes the agricultural system in the woredas. The woredas are marked by diverse agro-ecology allowing for the production of both annual and perennial crops during the “belg-meher” and “meher” production seasons. As to the irrigation, the traditional systems are also significantly practiced in the woredas, especially by using diversions from small rivers. Traditional crop production system dominated by rainfed agriculture, is common in the country as a whole including the command area. Although the command area woredas have on their south side border the Lake Tana area, which is known for its fertile sediments of alluvial soils with abundant moisture sources, agricultural productivity and production (both crops and livestock) are low due to widespread use of traditional farming practices, full dependence on unpredictable rainfall, limited use of modern inputs, and low level of physical and human resources development. Participants in the community discussions indicated that a appreciable number of farmers use water pumps on for irrigation, draw down cultivation from Ribb river and also water points such as Hand dug well. The products are used predominantly for subsistence household consumption.

The people in the target kebeles earn a livelihoods from farming, including both crop and livestock production. The traditional mixed farming system is practiced with crop production and animal husbandry complementary each other.

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Although the values attached to livestock ownership and use among the community in each kebele is high, crop production is considered more important.. According to the information from the woredas Agriculture and Rural Development Office as well based on interactions with communities, the major part of the cultivated land was covered by cereals such as rice, teff, wheat, maize, finger millet and sorghum while the remaining 20% was used for the production of pulses, oil seeds and vegetables in small quantities.

Livestock Production: Livestock rearing is another important source of livelihood for the majority of the country including the PCA. Livestock production as a source of livelihood for the target communities takes second place after crop production. All types of livestock, except camels, are present in the area. The Amhara region has approximately one third of the country’s total cattle, sheep and goat population. Cattle have the largest share followed by sheep and goats among the livestock population. Its’ mainly because cattle have the highest contribution in terms of the traction power for cultivation as well as producing milk, meat, fertilizer and energy. Moreover, due to the wider importance of cattle, farmers in crop-livestock production system are more inclined to increase numbers of their cattle (ANRS Investment Office, 2007).

3.2 Profile of the Impacted Kebeles Socio-economic characteristics – religion, occupation, educational, marital and physical status of the affected kebeles are given below.

Population of the affected kebeles: Amisteya is biggest kebele in terms of population. The break-up in terms of male and females is fairly similar in all three kebeles. See Table 3.2 below. Table 3.2 – Population by sex in each affected kebeles No. of Households Males Females Total Amesteya 1462 3279 3130 6409 Jara Shikra 1127 2605 2487 5092 Medeb Gubda 1212 2768 2581 5349 Ayvaniva 968 2277 2148 4422 Source: Central Statistical Agency, FDRE, July 2012

Social Services and Infrastructure: The existing social service institutions and infrastructural facilities is given in Table 3.3 below:

Table 3.3: Social Services and Infrastructures in the project affected kebeles (Nos.) Type of social Services Amesteya Medebgubda Jara Shikra Ayvaniva 1.Educational Institution Primary 3 4 4 2 Secondary School 2. Health Health post 1 1 1 1 Health center - 1 - - Clinic - - - - 3. Water points Hand dug well 4 23 7 3 4. Religious institution Churches 7 4 3 5 Mosques 1 1 - 5. Legal

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Police office 1 1 1 1 Social court 1 1 1 1 Kebele security office 1 1 6. Cooperative office 1 1 - - 7. Farmers training and agriculture office 1 1 1 1 Source: BoARD, Ebinat and Farta Woredas

Educational institutions: There are no high schools in any of the Kebeles. From the elementary schools mentioned, one is alternative basic education center in Amesteya, two are satellite schools and one is alternative basic education center in Jarashikra. Likewise, in Medebgubda two schools are satellite schools. Health institutions: Amisteya, Ayvaniva and Jara Shikra have one health post each, while Medebgubda kebele has one health post and health center. There are no hospitals in any of these kebeles. Religious institutions: Amisteya has seven churches and one Mosque, Medebgubda has four churches and one mosque, and Jara Shikra has three churches. Legal Institutions: All the kebeles have one police officer and one social court. Other social services: Amesteya and Medebgubda both have cooperative Office and all have kebele offices and a market place.

3.3 Demographic Profile of Project Affected Households Distribution of affected population by religion, gender, age, occupation and disability is provided below. Religion: 98.97% PAHs follow Christianity, while Muslims constitute less than 1% of the total affected population (See Table 3.4). Table 3.4 – Affected population by Religion (%) Religion All affected persons (%) Christian 98.97 Muslim 0.82 Others 0.21 Total 100.00 Source: SMEC Demographic profile, 2011

Distribution of PAPs by gender & age: As can be seen from the Table 3.5 below, highest percentage (44.79%) lies in the age category of less than 15 years. Only about 1.85% of the total affected population is above 65 years. Table 3.5 – Distribution of PAPs by Gender & Age (%) Gender Total Age Group Male Female % % % <=15 44.04 45.58 44.79 16-25 24.17 24.68 24.42 26-35 12.55 14.51 13.50 36-45 9.03 7.69 8.38 46-55 5.00 3.51 4.28 56-65 2.96 2.60 2.79 >65 2.26 1.42 1.85

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Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 Source: SMEC Socio-economic Survey, 2011 Educational status: Educational status was counted for only age group of 7 years and above. Literacy is very low as 54.96% of the total affected population is illiterate. There is greater illiteracy (60.78%) amongst female population. Only about 1.45% of affected population is educated upto Grade 11 and above.

Table 3.6– Distribution of PAPs by Educational Status & Gender Education Level Gender Total Male (%) Female (%) Illiterate 49.56 60.78 54.96 Read and Write 5.90 3.20 4.60 Less than Grade 1 1.57 1.22 1.41 1 – 4 19.54 16.90 18.27 5 – 8 15.30 12.10 13.76 9 – 10 6.42 4.61 5.55 11 – 12 0.87 0.80 0.84 Above Grade 12 0.83 0.38 0.61 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 Source: SMEC Socio-economic Survey, 2011

Occupational status: 85.48% of the total population reported to be employed. Table 3.7 – Employment Status of PAPs (Age 10 and Above) Employment Status Response (%) Employed 85.48 Unemployed 14.52 Total 100.00 Source: SMEC Socio-economic Survey, 2011

94.89% of the household heads reported their primary occupation to be agriculture (See Table 3.8). Daily labour, Weaving, Blacksmith and Petty trading are other occupations practiced thereby indicating the poor socio-economic status of the area.

Table 3.8 – Distribution of Head of households by primary occupation Primary Occupation Response (%) Unemployed 3.80 Agriculture 94.89 Weaving 0.30 Blacksmith 0.10 Carpet Making 0.10 Poultry 0.10 Petty Trading 0.20 Daily Labour 0.50 Total 100.00 Source: SMEC Socio-economic Survey, 2011

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Health status: 99.03% of the surveyed households reported to be healthy, while 0.97% reported to be suffering from some kind of mental or physical disability (See Table 3.9).

Table 3.9 – Physical status of the affected population Physical Condition % Able-bodied 99.03% Disabled 0.97% Total 100.00% Source: SMEC Socio-economic Survey, 2011

As seen in Table 3.10 below, 43.14% of those disabled persons suffer from mental disability while the rest reported physical disability. Table 3.10 – Disability reported by type Disability % Mental 43.14% Physical 56.86% Total 100.00% Source: SMEC Socio-economic Survey, 2011

3.4 Socio-Economic Survey of Project Affected Households The socio-economic survey was conducted in May 2011 on 153 randomly project affected households of the total 1091 households affected by the reservoir. As only four households were affected in Ayvaniva, these households were selected only from Medebgubda, Jarashikra and Amisteya. The sample size was deemed to be sufficient as the population is fairly homogeneous in terms of their living standards and characteristics and included households that belonged to general and vulnerable categories. It covered a whole range of topics such as participation in social organizations, livelihood, water availability and sanitation, access to social service institutions, roads and markets, participation in key government programs, etc. Details are presented below along with Tables (for other tables Appendix 3.1 in CD).

Social Organizations/NGOs: Cooperative organizations and CBOs have different purpose; they focus on irrigation/water use, honey production, livestock production, diary production, credit and savings and consumer’s cooperatives. Of the surveyed households, many households indicated membership to be members of the community based and cooperative organizations15. The organizations especially the CBOs like Iddirs provide social and economic support at a time of crisis (See Table 3.11). Table 3.11 – Percentage of respondents by type of Membership in CBOs and Cooperative Societies CBOs/Coop Idir Iqub16 Cooperative Informal Labor Other Total Kebele Society Exchange Group Amisteya 44.44 17.46 30.95 6.35 0.79 100.00 Jara Shikra 47.47 5.05 11.11 36.36 100.00 Medeb Gubda 60.26 7.69 19.23 12.82 100.00

15 Source: ANRS Investment Office, 2007 16 Iddirs are a kind of social as well as a financial institution whereby members help each other. Previously it was only meant for providing support at the time of events such as funeral and wedding by helping to cover some costs of the funeral/wedding and providing labor assistance too i.e. a traditional insurance program to meet emergency situations. Now Iddirs are also providing saving and credit services. Iqub: is kind of informal saving and credit institution (Rotational credit). Members of the Iqub pay a certain amount of money every week or every month depending on their agreement and each member take or borrow the money by turn i.e. the fund revolves among the members. It has a benefit of getting a large sum amount of money at a time. For instance if one person take the contributed money this week, next week will be the other members’ turn – turn is determined by lottery.

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Majority of those who are members of community based and cooperative organizations reported membership of Iddir followed by cooperative society. Main reasons are: its accessibility and its multipurpose nature i.e. it provides services given by cooperative societies as well as financial institutions. Inability to fulfill the financial obligations was the major reason reported by those respondents who are not a member of any of the social organizations.

NGOs working in the Project areas: Non-governmental organization (NGOs) like Care Ethiopia, Concern Ethiopia, and CVM work on different development interventions like water and sanitation programs, HIV/AIDS prevention and Emergency Relief in the area. 56% of the total respondents reported that they have awareness about the NGOs whereas the rest reported to have no information.

Access to Social Services: Responses to questions regarding availability, accessibility of health institutions, prevalent diseases, awareness regarding HIV/Aids, level of schools available, access to schooling, constraints, etc., are presented below:

Health institutions: 54.6% reported distance of a health post to be less than one km, while 67.7 % of the respondents reported the distance to be more than 4km. 94% and 96% of the respondents reported that hospital in the woreda, clinic in the Woreda and pharmacies in the Woreda to be more than four kilometers away.

Major Health Problems in the Family: 50% of the surveyed households reported that malaria is the major health problem in their family and 15% reported diarrhea. The rest reported intestinal, skin, eye, and ear and TB infections. Woreda health office provided data that indicated that 19,429 cases of malaria were reported in Ebinat while 20, 836 malaria cases were reported in Farta in 2009-2010 (Ethiopian year 2002). Regarding the preventive measures against HIV/AIDS, 62.58% of the respondents reported limiting to monogamous sex, 14.19% prohibition from unprotected sex, only 0.65 % reported use of condom and 22.58 % reported all. Likewise, regarding preventive measures about malaria, about 50.80 % of the respondents reported using mosquito net, 26.40% reported chemical spray and 22.4 % draining marshy places. Table 3.12 below shows the awareness of the people in the project area about HIV/AIDS and Malaria. 79.35% of the participants are aware about HIV/AIDS and 92.26 % are aware about Malaria.

Table 3.12 – Awareness of HIV/AIDS and Malaria in the area (%) Kebele HIV/AIDS Malaria Amisteya 82.76 93.10 Jara Shikra 55.10 97.96 Medeb Gubda 100.00 85.42 Total 79.35 92.26

Schooling facilities: 63.6% of the surveyed households stated it takes from 1-2 hours, one way to preschool, while 36% reported less than one hour. The highest proportion of the respondents 54.55% reported that it takes less than an hour to reach to the lower primary school in the project. There are no technical schools, preparatory schools and secondary schools in the project area. Students above the primary school level attend their education in the Woreda. 30.77% of school aged children are not attending school. The main reasons reported for not attending school are the schools’ far distance (19.69%); the child supports the family (19.9%); 14.9 financial constraints for school materials and food and 8.6 % early marriage. Few also reported behavioral problem and change of residence.

Vetinerary services: Veterinary services in the area are crucial as diseases to animal are serious, as they are the major sources of power, food as well as market. Commonly provided veterinary services in the area are cattle and sheep/ goat vaccinations at 36% and 23 % respectively. 19% reported availability of treatment of cattle for internal and external parasites. Few also reported artificial insemination (2.4%) and castration (5.4%).

Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme – Final Report Page 15 Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project

Credit Services: Farmers need credit facilities for different purposes such as to buy fertilizers, seed, livestock production, household consumption, children education etc. Amhara Saving and Credit Institution, the Credit and Micro-finance Offices in the Woreda, the cooperatives and Iddirs provide credit facilities for the farmers. Interest rates vary from 12.5% for cooperatives to 18% for Amhara Saving and Credit Institution17. 25.7% of the total participants reported that they have received credit services during the past year. 30.61% borrowed for agricultural input, 22.45% to purchase livestock, 18.37% for household consumption and again 18.37% for business activities. The remaining 8.16 % households reported that they borrowed to settle another credit. 35.71% borrowed from Micro-finance institutions, while 33.33% borrowed from traditional institutions.

Water and Sanitation, Energy and Transportation: Main source of water is the river and hand dug wells constructed by the government and NGOs. Table 3.13 below shows the source of water supply for the household consumptions in the project affected area.

Table 3.13 – Sources of drinking water (%) Sources River Hand-dug Pond Non-protected Protected Deep Piped Total Kebele well Spring spring Wells Water Amisteya 55.00 28.33 11.67 3.33 1.67 100.00 Jara Shikra 57.58 10.61 6.06 13.64 3.03 1.52 7.58 100.00 Medeb Gubda 25.71 18.57 1.43 8.57 40.00 1.43 4.29 100.00 Total 45.41 18.88 2.55 11.22 16.33 1.02 4.59 100.00

As seen in the table above, except in Medeb Gubda, the majority of the respondents in Jara Shikra (57.58 %) and Amesteya (55 %) reported that their major source of water is river. In Medeb Gubda, the major source of water is protected spring followed by river. Hand-dug well and non protected springs are also used as a source of water.

Daily water consumption: Fetching water is the responsibility of female; 94% of the respondents reported that responsibility lies with the females in the household. 52.34 % of the households consume 2-3 Ensira18 of water daily, while 44.53% proportion of households consume more than 3 Ensira.

Distance of water points from the main households: Clean water is one of their problems in their area. They reported that even if there are water points in each kebeles and sub kebeles, some do not work most of the times. In the survey, highest proportion of participants in Jara Shikra and Amesteya kebele reported Ribb River as their major source of water.

Table 3.14 – Distance to different water sources by km (%) Distance Less than 1 km 1 – 2 km 2 – 3 km Above 3 km Total Response Distance to Protected Well/Spring 62.00 30.00 4.00 4.00 100.00 Distance to Unprotected Well/Spring 66.13 22.58 6.45 4.84 100.00 Distance to River/Lake/Pond 49.12 28.95 9.65 12.28 100.00 Distance to other Water Sources 43.48 43.48 0.00 13.04 100.00

17 Source: ANRS ARARI, 2007 18 Though quantity varies according to the container, on an average, one Ensira equals to 20 litre.

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Energy source and usage: Wood (35.86%) and animal residue (37.9%) is the most commonly used type of energy. Other sources include charcoal, crop residue and kerosene.

Transport and Commuting: Kebeles are hardly accessible while this situation is largely aggravated during the rainy season and there is no public transport from the aforementioned kebeles to the market centre. As a result people of the area use back animals and carry by themselves to sell their products and to transport purchased agricultural inputs and other items from and to the market. 73% of the households have own transportation means and 72% of the households use pack animals to take agricultural products to markets. 23.85% of the households indicated Animal driven carts as another means of transportation.

Livelihood and Agriculture: Crop production and animal rearing are main activities for rural population with agriculture being major means of income for the surveyed population. Farmers use supplementary irrigation and rain but the majority reported that they use rain fed agriculture. Table 3.15 below shows the major crops growing under the supplementary irrigation.

Table 3.15 – Major crops grown under supplementary irrigation (%) Crop Type Horticultural Crops Cereal Crops Oil Seeds Pulses Perennials Other Total Kebele Amisteya 80.00 20.00 100.00 Jara Shikra 57.69 30.77 7.69 3.85 100.00 Medeb Gubda 42.86 35.71 14.29 7.14 100.00 Total 60.00 29.09 3.64 3.64 1.82 1.82 100.00

The major crops growing under rain fed cultivation are cereal crops and oil seeds which constitutes 46.65% and 30.35 % of the total products. Table 3.16 below shows major crops growing under rain fed agriculture.

Table 3.16 – Major crops grown under Rain fed irrigation (%) Crop Type Horticultural Crops Cereal Crops Oil Seeds Pulses Perennials Total Kebele Amisteya 0.78 43.75 26.56 28.13 0.78 100.00 Jara Shikra 14.42 45.19 29.81 5.77 4.81 100.00 Medeb Gubda 9.88 53.09 37.04 100.00 Total 7.67 46.65 30.35 13.42 1.92 100.00

In the study, around 87.6% reported that they have land holding certificate and the rest 10 % didn’t mention.

Constraints to agriculture: The most commonly reported constraints of agricultural production are animal diseases (21.02%), other constraints like supply of improved seeds (15.02%) and money or credit facilities (14.11%); supply of fertilizer 13.81 % are also reported. Existence of road and markets, shortage of veterinary services, lack of knowledge and shortage of water are also mentioned as constraints to agriculture.

Housing, Livestock shade and Storage Facility: Responses to questions relating to housing, livestock shade and storage facilities are presented below: Area of houses: 37.9% indicated size of their houses to be a maximum of 10 meter square. Only 11.1 % of those

Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme – Final Report Page 17 Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project have constructed their houses on areas above 40 meter square. 153 households that reported they do have own residential houses, 43% of the respondents reported that they have two rooms.

Type of material used for roof, wall and floor: 56.86% of the households have covered the roof of their houses by corrugated iron sheet. 96.62% of the households indicated walls of houses constructed of wood and mud.

Average expenditure of the surveyed households is ETB 26,839. Child education, household consumption, agricultural inputs and holiday and other festivals are among others the major expenses reported by farmers in the socioeconomic survey.

Enrollment/participation in on-going government programs: Discussions with Ebinat and Farta Woreda administrations indicated that while farmer trainings have been conducted in these kebeles. PSNP – a major food security program has been operational mainly in kebeles of Ebinat woreda. 26.68% of the respondent households in Amisteya kebele indicated having benefitted from PSNP, while overall the figure was 9.91%. In terms of farmer trainings, 70.22% of the households in Medebgubda kebele indicated having received some or other kind of training, while overall the percentage figure is 37.99%. However, a high percentage of respondents (51.98%) indicated that they were not enrolled/not participated in any on-going government program.

Table 3.17 – Percentage of PAHs indicating enrolment in ongoing government programs by program (%) Programs Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) Farmer trainings None Other Total Kebele

Amisteya 26.68 15.28 58.03 0.00 100.00 Jara Shikra 1.66 28.48 69.54 0.33 100.00 Medeb Gubda 1.40 70.22 28.37 0.00 100.00 Average 10.82 37.84 51.25 0.10 100.00

49.3 % of the total respondents were enrolled in the government program. Of these, 42.58% of the respondents were enrolled in farmers training programs where as only 6.45% in the Amesteya kebele were enrolled in food security program.

Table 3.18 – Usefulness of government programs indicated by Respondents Responses % Unable to describe 50.00 Increased Agricultural Productivity 24.36 Increased Social Security 5.13 Upgraded our Skills 20.51 Total 100.00

24.36% reported that it increased their agricultural productivity, while 20.51% of the respondents stated that it has upgraded their skills, while 5.13% reported that the program increased their social security. On the other hand 50% were unable to describe the usefulness of the program.

Major Problems in the Reservoir Area: Different problems in the area were reported by the respondents and these included a) Poor roads, b) lack of market place; c) prevalence of malaria; d) Poor water supply. The major problem of the area as 32.30% of the respondents indicated that malaria is the main problem. According to the information

Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme – Final Report Page 18 Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project obtained from the Woreda Health Offices, the project areas are among the highest malaria breed areas identified by the office.

3.5 Baseline status of Project Affected Households Of the total PAHs, baseline information19 was collected for 747 households in Amisteya (286), Jarashikra (139) and Medebgubda (323). See Appendix 3.2 for details of each household in CD.

Source of income: 97.99% of the PAPs (Household heads) in the three kebeles reported of agriculture as the main source of income. The remaining PAPs were either were practicing petty trade, followed by employment and non- farm labor. Average Annual income: ETB 33584.06 was the average annual income across the surveyed households that agreed to state their incomes. While the average annual income reported in Amisteya was the lowest at ETB 22188.53 followed by ETB 38611.44 in Jara Shikra, whereas the highest income was reported at ETB 41518.37 in Medebgubda. About 26 households indicated did not/could not indicate their incomes. Enrollment in government programs: In terms of enrolment in government programs or receiving any farmer trainings: 60.37% (195 PAHs) in Medebgubda reported of receiving farmer trainings, while in Jarashikra only 31.88% (44) reported of such trainings. Amisteya was the reported the lowest at 14.68% (42). 25.87% of the PAHs in Amisteya reported of enrolment in PSNP indicative of Ebinat Woreda as target woreda under the PSNP. The enrolment percentage was between 1% and 2% for other kebeles. Possession of other skills: In terms of possession of skills other farming, nearly one fifth (19.41%) reported of Petty Trade as other skill or knowledge they had. A total of 12.58% of PAHs reported of other skills such as Weaving, spinning, Tannery, Carpentry, Masonry, Blacksmith, etc. indicating the low level of other skills. Livestock Holding: 91.03% of the total indicated possession of livestock mainly cattle, goat and sheep. Few indicated donkeys as well. Management of livestock with lesser resources: PAPs opined that in light of lesser land, they indicated that they might take another land or use communal grazing land or they might reduce by selling or giving away their holdings.

3.6 Major on-going Government Development Programs/Projects/Plans in the Project Area Major plans, projects and government programs in the area are presented below. National Strategic Plan for Malaria Prevention, Control and Elimination in Ethiopia (2010-2015): The specific goals of the NSP are: by 2015, achieve malaria elimination within specific geographical areas with historically low malaria transmission and achieve near zero malaria transmission in the remaining malarious areas of the country. The NSP provides a detailed account on the status and direction of the major malaria prevention and control strategies that include community empowerment and mobilization, early diagnosis and treatment, selective vector control, surveillance and epidemic control, as well as supporting strategies that include Monitoring and Evaluation, human resources development and operational research. It has five components Component 1: Community Empowerment and Mobilization: Community empowerment and mobilization are central to malaria prevention and control. Ethiopia’s Health Extension Program educates, mobilizes and involves the community in all aspects and stages of malaria control and leads to increased ownership of the program. The objectives of component 1 are: 1) 100% of people living in malarious areas recognize the importance of using an LLIN, having their house sprayed, implementing environmental control interventions where appropriate and seeking treatment within 24 hours of fever onset for the prevent ion of malaria and 2) 100% of health posts in malarious Kebeles provide the full health extension package including outreach services, social communication and mobilization and model family households. Component 2: Diagnosis and Case Management: To improve the quality of malaria diagnosis and treatment at

19 Details were collected in May 2011 as part of the first preference survey and shall be updated during RAP implementation.

Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme – Final Report Page 19 Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project peripheral health facilities (health posts) pan specific RDTs are now being introduced. HEWs will be trained on the use of multi-species RDTs in the integrated refresher training (IRT). Component 3: Prevention: The main major vector control activities implemented in the country include IRS, LLINs and environmental control. The objective of this component is to ensure that 100% of households in malarious areas own one LLIN per sleeping space, and that at least 80% of people at risk of malaria use LLINs. Component 4: Active Surveillance and Epidemic Control: The national emphasis on further reducing transmission will rely on the existing prevent ion coverage and additionally focus on “surveillance” – the process of finding of individual human cases, treating and performing case investigation to identify the source and possible spread, with the aim of preventing any further malaria transmission. Therefore, this NSP aims to achieve a high quality, broadly based malaria infect ion detect ion, investigation and response ‘Surveillance System’ to further reduce malaria transmission and improve the detection and timely response to malaria epidemics. Component 5: Health system strengthening and capacity building: Monitoring and Evaluation activities, described in the Malaria Program M&E Plan, will measure program effectiveness. The M&E system will be used to demonstrate that the Malaria Program efforts have had measurable sustained impacts on the outcomes of interest. Monitoring will entail the routine tracking of the key elements of program performance. The project area with the formation of reservoir i.e. a large body of water is likely to be breeding ground for vector borne diseases. Tana Beles Hydroelectric Project is a run-of-the-river hydroelectric power plant near Lake Tana. The plant receives water from the lake and after utilizing it to produce electricity the water is then discharged into the Beles River. The plant will have an installed capacity of 460 MW and when fully operational and will be the largest power plant in the country. It is also expected to help provide water for the irrigation of 140,000 ha (350,000 acres). Food security program was developed based on the National Food Security strategy that was formulated at the Federal level and subsequently implemented at the region level for the drought prone woredas. It was devised based on analysis of previous three years of regional production data; number of population dependent upon relief since 1993, food balance situation of all woredas, population carrying capacity and future scenario. The long term goal of FSP was “food security for the chronic and transitorily food insecure households in Ethiopia achieved”. It had three major interventions in its first phase – Productive Safety Net programs, Resettlement Programs and other food programs. Together the following programmes aim to move people in chronically food insecure woredas towards a position of food security in the following manner. Ebinat Woreda is a target Woreda under the program. The Productive Safety Net Programme provides a safety net for chronically food insecure households and also non-chronic households. Through the public works infrastructure built it contributes to a local enabling environment for community development. The Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP) focuses on: chronically food insecure woredas; on food insecure households – primarily chronically food insecure households but also those who are transitory; aims to assure food consumption, so that chronically food insecure people have enough food to eat throughout the year; aims to prevent asset depletion, so that food insecure households do not have to lose their assets in order to provide food for themselves. It aims to address underlying causes of food insecurity by rehabilitating the natural resources base; and to have a positive impact by stimulating markets and injecting cash into rural economies. Agricultural Extension Program: The aim of the extension program is to increase the agricultural production by increasing the use of modern agricultural inputs, credit facilities and technical assistance. The program provides technical assistance to farmers by the agricultural extension workers who are selected form the village and high school graduates with 3 to 9 months special training on agricultural activities, conservation and other areas related to agricultural production. Overall achievements/Assessment: The overall achievements and assessment20 are based on the secondary data collected from the two offices in the region i) Disaster Prevention and Food Security Office and ii) Safety Net

20 the achievement and constraints listed are based on data obtained from evaluation studies carried out across the target woredas and are not specific to project affected woredas/kebeles

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Program Coordination Office at Bahir Dar. Some of the key achievements are: i) access to various important socio- economic infrastructures such as water facilities, schools, human health and veterinary institutions, local markets, credit sources, feeder roads and means of transport; ii) Average annual income and food availability have been improved after the interventions; iii) Food Consumption Assured; iv) Food Gap Months Reduced; v) Access to drinking water improved; vi) More Children sent to schools, and students’ Drop-out Decreased; vii) Access to education and of Health Facilities Increased; viii) Access to rural credit improved; and ix) Women participation increased. Further Central Statistical Agency of Government of Ethiopia too conducted a welfare Monitoring survey and periodic surveys that revealed the poverty situation in Amhara and the number of population living under poverty line came down from 54.3% in 1996 to 30.5% in 2004. Constraints and challenges faced in these programs include the following: Weak inter-sectoral linkage and integration; a timely, Information-rich and consistent performance report & feedback; iii) Capacity building: Trainings and materials need assessment in relation to PSNP –HABP; iv) Proper implementation of HABP Shortage of budget released; v) Food market inflation, which became a challenge for cash-receiving participants; vi) Lack of full awareness on graduation benchmark, especially at grassroots level; vii) Dependency (not trying to create assets and seeking to stay in PSNP)

Of the two impacted Woredas, PSNP is operational in Ebinat woreda, while agricultural extension/farmer trainings are recorded in Farta Woreda.

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CHAPTER 4 – STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS

Consultation refers to the two-way transfer of information between project authority and the community in concern. It helps to build a rapport with the community and to provide details on aspects that planners may not always foresee. It facilitates to more accurately assess impacts – tangible and non-tangible, vulnerability of project affected persons and provides solutions that would have broad acceptance of the community. Besides, such consultations’ helps allay fears and builds trust from the planning stage that will eventually be crucial aspect in successful implementation of RAP. Crucially, it helps to identify potential initiatives that can be developed to restore and rehabilitate their livelihood to pre-project status.

Public consultation is a critical & an imperative part of the resettlement & rehabilitation process. According to Article 43(2), of the federal & regional Constitutions, nationals/the residents of the regional state, respectively, have the right to participate in national development and, in particular, to be consulted with respect to policies and projects affecting their community. Moreover, according to Articles 35(6) & Article 35(9) of the federal & regional Constitutions respectively, women have the right to full consultation in the formulation of national development policies, the designing & execution of projects, and particularly in the case of projects affecting the interests of women.

This chapter presents a summary of the consultations with various stakeholders (See Appendix 4.1 and 4.3 for a list of stakeholders and details of consultations). Further an assessment of existing NGOs who could be potential stakeholders (partner agencies) is presented under the section on Income Restoration, Chapter 8.

4.1 Project Stakeholders Relevant stakeholders are:

 Project Affected Persons and communities  Host communities at resettlement site locations  National level: NPCO, MoWE  Regional level: RPCO, Amhara National Regional State (ANRS) Office, and ARARI; and BoEPLAU, BoWRD, BoARD, and the Bureau of Women Affairs (BoWA).  Zonal level: South Gondar Zone Administration  Woreda level (Ebinat and Farta Woredas): Woreda administrator’s office; Women’s affairs office; OoEPLAU; Health office, and Micro and Small scale enterprise; Capacity Building Office, Committees involved in Asset Inventory Survey and Compensation Valuation committees,  Kebele level: Kebele administration and  International and national NGOs working in the area

4.2 Stakeholder Workshops Two Stakeholder workshops were organized with a range of stakeholders, at Addis Zemen and Woreta towns on July 18th and 20th 2010. 173 persons including representatives from Fogera, Ebinat and Farta Woredas, Amhara Region, communities, NGOs, churches, project officials at the regional level, woredas and Kebele managers and officials participated in the workshop. The consultant team21 briefed the gathering on the project, presented the scope of work and spoke about issues relating to legal framework, social and gender issues and design options considered. Key issues raised are presented below (See Appendix 4.1 and 4.2) for details.

Table 4.1 – Details of Stakeholder consultations

21 comprising of Team Leader, Engineering expert, Socio-economist, and Legal expert,

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Issues raised Responses given Resettlement of people displaced have to be resettled somewhere; while some people may be relocated within affected persons command area but on kebele by kebele basis, option for resettlement have to be developed within Ebinat and Farta Woredas or within the project command areas of Ribb irrigation scheme i.e. within Libo-kemkem & Fogera Woredas through irrigation land redistribution process or to resettle them somewhere within the South Gondar Zone in other woredas. It requires careful planning & development of resettlement area/site options in consultation with all key stakeholders Land redistribution in Land redistribution in relation to modern irrigation is an absolute precondition for modern farming. The relation to modern people in the project area, except probably the farmers of the Ribb reservoir, are the beneficiaries of the irrigation. irrigation development. The farmers within the Ribb Reservoir may also claim to be beneficiaries as they are directly contributing to the realization of the said irrigation development. Through the land redistribution process every farmer within the project command area, i.e. farmers directly impacted by structures & farmers not directly impacted by irrigation structures, shall contribute their share to the project. The end effect will be proportional reduction of landholding size, which is not the same land size as existed before land redistribution process. The land redistribution process shall be based on all pertinent information to do the exercise legally. Land donation to If the donation has been finalized based on recognized legal documentation & a rural landholding book family member and has been issued in the name of the new landholder, the legal verification shall be registered in the verification & name of the new landholder & the compensation, if any, shall be paid to the new landholder. Otherwise, compensation the verification of title to land shall be registered in the name of the original landholder & the compensation shall be paid to the original landholder. public participation regional guidelines also require the presence of farmers during such important activities There are especially with respect established procedures for that purpose. Prior notice has to be given by the project to the respective to land size farmers, to attend during such important activity. This could be done in consultation with the respective measurement, Property Valuation Committee, with Woreda Administration & kebele representatives. The presence of registration of farmers would also help in undertaking other project related activities like signing on the property assets/properties registration document by & for photographing of the project affected people. valuation committee The Property Valuation Committee shall be established from the relevant offices of the respective composition and tasks woreda administration, from the respective kebeles & from the Consultant. One Committee shall be established in each woreda. The Committee is legally recognized as an alternative body to do valuation exercise related to assets & other economic interests impacted by the project based on rates collected from the market and/or available government price information. The valuation document then shall be send to the Region for its review & approval. Displacement of The displacement of all farmers within the Ribb Reservoir area is certain. This issue is one of the farmers due to central issues to be addressed during the preparation of the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) by the construction of Ribb Consultant. The Consultant shall consider all options through consultation that going to be undertaken dam. with all key stakeholder institutions & the project affected persons. crop compensation is For Ribb Reservoir farmers’ choosing not to shift to command area, the crop compensation shall paid to farmers permanent & for ten years compensation shall be paid at once. affected by the project permanent The option may be open to the project affected person. This could be solicited during public compensation & consultation with project affected farmers. establish an urban life. Counselling affected This concern is valid for farmers within the Ribb Reservoir area. The RAP Consultant shall consider people to utilize ways how to tackle this important social problem in its RAP Report. money judiciously Source: Stakeholders Workshops, Addis Zemen and Woreta Towns, July 2010

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4.3 Community Consultations Consultations with communities were organized by requesting the Woredas to inform the respective kebeles and to ensure that the chosen date and time are convenient to the community members22. After prior intimation consultations were held at two locations in Amisteya (on May 8, 2011) and at Medeb Gubda (on May 9, 2011) – wherein community members (418 nos.) that included project affected households from all kebeles participated (See Photo 4.1)23.

Photo 4.1 – Community Consultations at Amisteya (L) and Medeb Gubda, Ayvaniva and Jara Shikra kebeles (R) Source: SMEC, 2011

These included valuation committee members from Woredas, officials from Kebele administration and kebele extension workers. Elderly members too were present and were requested to voice their concerns. The initial briefing on the project included its characteristics, its’ likely benefits and potential adverse impacts, etc. Also the participants were informed of their legal rights to get land in the command area of the project. Subsequently, the discussion was opened with the public. Key points discussed and issues raised are summarized below.

Table 4.2 – Details of community consultations Topics Issues raised Benefits of the  Possibilities for fishery development, recreation establishments, irrigation development and other project conveyed development of infrastructures; adverse impacts  Loss of farmland; houses and other privately owned structures; displacement problems; Increased of the project risk to malaria due to the creation of large water body; Loss of common grazing land; Loss of springs conveyed used for water supply sources (for the people and their cattle); Loss of crossing paths and consequently disruptions of social and economic relations among different communities living on both sides of the River; Anxiety, Fears,  affected property should be included and registered accurately. Concerns  During the 1997 land redistribution, not enough amount of land given. Post acquisition, there shall be expressed nothing left. Compensation should take this into account.  proposed reservoir area is used for grazing and aspect should be considered by the government during compensation as it would affect the main source of livelihood of the communities as there is no

22 While attempts were made to have separate discussions with older persons (males), Kebele administration officials advised older males to also speak up during the community consultations. 23 Participants at the consultations signed attendance sheets and these are in the consultant records

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Table 4.2 – Details of community consultations Topics Issues raised other alternatives;  loss of crossing points will affect local communities specially Jara Shikra kebele of Farta Woreda;  cash compensation should be paid directly to the project affected persons without involving third party and well ahead of time to give enough time to resettle and restore livelihood;  In case of grievances, the court and other concerned body may decide in favour of the project rather than taking the case seriously;  careful about the accidents that may arise on our children and cattle due to the reservoir  have no idea about how to utilize money. Training and education should be provided before payment. Preferences and  Provision of assistance for vulnerable social groups such as elderly, female and child heads of expectations households and disabled persons;  prefer land for land compensation for the reasons as they are not business oriented people and cannot manage to use other options for sustainable livelihood;  the government (project) to provide support to the construction and/or maintenance of such facilities as veterinary clinics, schools, potable water supply, electricity, and access roads,  request the government to give more attentions for the compensation and rehabilitation of the displaced persons so that our livelihood will be restored and sustainable.  As the land certificate is in the name of both the husbands and wives, the preference of both the husband and wife should be considered equally.  need Mosquito net for such negative impacts likely to occur due increased incidence of Malaria  need roads to market place and also woreda office. Positive  commit ourselves to support the implementation of the various components of the project Comments  understand that the project can bring significant development and beneficial impacts to the country in general and to the region in particular Questions and  need provision for transportation expenses during relocating our properties and move our livestock; Clarifications  until compensation can we use the land to grow annual crops  procedures should be put in place to effect compensation payments  When to surrender our land and all the rest of the affected property Benefits from  two weeks training on modern farming including fertilizer and compost. ongoing  The landless youth – want to get training to have livelihood. So we need financial support. government  Priority should be given to us (those living in the area) to be involved in the fishing and other possible programs/other business opportunities. trainings  need trainings on Modern farming, livestock etc. Source: Kebele level Community Consultations, SMEC, May 2011

4.4 Focus Group Discussions ESIA report had identified that the principal vulnerable groups to be female headed households and landless women. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were held with groups of women of all three kebeles – Amisteya (on May 8), Jara Shikra and Medeb Gubda (on May 9) to inform of the project and discuss and elicit concerns. The group included widowed single women, old and elderly and also married women. A total of 65 women participated in these discussions (See Photo 4.2).

Information on the project was disseminated to begin with followed by discussion on other topics. These ranged from roles of women within their families, their concerns regarding livelihood post land acquisition, skill acquired and/or required, plans particularly of those rendered landless, access to water, social services and markets. Summary of discussions is presented below

Fears regarding the project: These were mainly due to with chances of accidents due to water, such as children, cattle falling into the reservoir and also increased chances of malaria. Another key concern was plan of the

Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme – Final Report Page 25 Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project government with respect to relocation and resettlement, particularly the host community, if it would be safe and welcoming. Some women indicated that if they became landless they would take the given money and go to urban and do business. Other women stated they have no skills, are not educated and the money received as compensation will be insufficient.

Photo 4.2 - Focus Group discussions with women at Amisteya (L) and Medebgubda (R) Source: SMEC Survey, 2011

HIV/mode of transmission and prevention: Many indicated awareness of HIV and its modes of transmission. They reported of visits by Health workers in the kebele and the meetings that they conduct once in a month or once in two months.

Skills training undertaken and expected: Very few women indicated of having received any training. They expressed preferences for training on bamboo (selen), cotton and spinning tool, stove; embroidery.

4.5 Preference Survey Consultations A Preference resurvey was administered to all PAPs in November 2012. The purpose was to clearly inform the options available for resettlement and rehabilitation for all PAPs and seek their preference. The survey questionnaire was shared with and prior intimation was given to, MoWE, Regional BoEPLAU, Woreda Authorities and finally the Kebele officials. The survey was conducted after creating awareness on the options and provisions. It was conducted in the presence of Kebele administrator and Land use Expert. No specific time frame was fixed for PAPs to respond with their preferred option, following the discussion so as to encourage a well-considered decision. Key topics discussed were:  purpose of the questionnaire;  options for resettlement and rehabilitation would be consistent with the preferences indicated;  details on what the available options were conveyed by the kebele administration officials, Woreda and BoEPLAU officials;  sites identified in rural and urban areas were informed to the community; and  facilities at sites that would be provided by the project

On an average, PAPs took about 5-6 days to consider and respond with their options.

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Initially the regional government wanted to resettle those PAPs who are losing more than 50% of their holding in the command area. Furthermore, they planned to convince and move those PAPs who are losing more than 75% to command area as per their legal entitlement. Hence, following the survey the Woreda and Regional Officials again held community level meetings to check and reconfirm the options indicated by the PAPs. It was observed that the PAPs had no objection to give their land for the project but were concerned in the amount of compensation and to get it in full whether they go to command area, communal lands, or woreda town centers. Initially some wanted to go to command area but when they perceived that getting replacement land in command area reduces their compensation amount, they all rejected that option. All PAPs were interested only in cash compensation. Finally, in discussion with Bank and Consultants, Woredas and region agreed to act as per the preference indicated by PAPs. For more details see Chapter 7, Section 7.3.

4.6 Institutional Consultations at Amhara Region A series of consultations with key institutions were carried out between April and June, 201124. The purpose was to understand their specific role of each institution in RAP preparation and implementation; their awareness and readiness with respect to the issue of displacement and rehabilitation of those affected; and finally areas where capacity enhancement measures were required. A summary of discussions is presented below.

4.6.1 Regional Project Coordination office (RPCO), Bahir Dar Organizational setup: A Regional PCO is operational at Bahir Dar. A RPC is to be appointed by the Office of the Regional President and is located at BoFED. It reports to the Regional President through the office of Economic Affairs Advisor. It is responsible for coordination of project activities among the different participating agencies in the region, in particular BoWRD and BoARD. It liaises with and establishes clear communication links with participating Woredas and Kebeles. The RPC will be assisted by full time contractual staff in the area of M&E and database management.

Role of the office vis-à-vis RAP preparation and implementation: They forward the RAP report of the consultant to the Regional BoEPLAU for their review. Once comments are received they forward these to NPCO for onward transmission to Consultant to incorporate the given comments/suggestions. During RAP implementation, it releases funds to Regional BoEPLAU based on their approved Annual action plan. Their key role is to monitor and evaluate the entire project based on the reports that it receives from key bodies such as Regional BoEPLAU, BoFED, BoARD, etc.

4.6.2 Regional BoEPLAU, Amhara region The Bureau has the mandate for land administration and environmental issues in the region. Besides, coordination between the NPCO, RPCO and the Woreda OoEPLAUs to facilitate the preparation and implementation of RAP, they are to provide capacity enhancement or implementation support to Woredas/kebeles vide trainings. Key issues discussed are as follows:

Mandate of the Regional BoEPLAU: They register and measure land holdings, computerize, issue certificates to landholders, update transfers and certification; build capacity and guide implementation; facilitate participation and evaluate expropriation. Registration of properties in peri-urban areas too was added to their responsibilities, recently. Role of BoEPLAU in planning and implementation: Involvement is from inception to evaluation stage including compensation, land administration and land redistribution and monitoring.

24 Updated as per March 2013 discussions

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In-house experience in handling similar projects (irrigation/reservoir): have experience in land redistribution in Koga irrigation project though a relatively smaller project. In case of Ribb reservoir, as the command area is far away, they perceive the major challenge would be resettling affected persons effectively. Readiness of OoEPLAUs regarding identification of resettlement sites: As per the standard of the towns 200 sq. m area is provided for 54 PAHs in Debre Tabor town and 250 sq. m for 24 PAHs] in Ebinat town. Ebinat Woreda has identified two sites for residential purposes and Debre Tabor town identified one site. Further Ebinat Woreda identified a communal land site for giving 500 sq.mtr plots (as per norms for plots in rural areas) to 7 PAPs of Amisteya kebele within the kebele. Livelihood restoration option: In agriculture there are a lot of packages, while in Micro-enterprise (non-farm related) too there are some packages, though there is little experience of implementing such packages. Technical support role by Regional BoEPLAU to Woreda OoEPLAUs: Provision of training is possible only with respect to legislations. Since January 2013, a Social Development Expert has been contracted by MOWE and placed within BoEPLAU office to specifically coordinate and support RAP preparation and implementation of Ribb Scheme Views on support to PAPs on judicious spending of compensation amount: The Koga irrigation project provided good experience in terms of improvement in lives of farmers by investing into productive assets e.g. terms of purchase of vehicles, etc. There have been a few minor cases of PAPs of money wastage. Counselling would definitely be required, particularly for those who have lost all their lands and/or are require to change occupation. Grievance redressal mechanisms at multiple levels: Every dispute is heard with attempt to resolve as per the culture using mediation or else it is resolved at courts. Grievance redressal office at the Woreda office exists besides the arrangement at the kebele level, zonal and regional level. The head of Woreda is in-charge of resolution of grievances. Views on provision of fishing rights to affected communities in reservoirs: Fishing activity can be an important source of livelihood, with ARARI providing support in selection of species. Support provisions of shifting allowance, transition allowance: All of these are possible if they are taken as additional support. Further Engineer in-Charge of valuation of items normally adds some amount towards contingency in the event the item is damaged. Views on extension of ongoing government programs/involvement of other NGO/organisations (ORDA, ADA, CVN): Yes, such institutions/organizations should be involved to enhance capacity as experience is limited among Woredas for this scale of extensive resettlement and rehabilitation.

4.7 Institutional Consultations – Ebinat and Farta Woreda Various departments were consulted in Ebinat and Farta Woredas. Details by Woreda are given below:

4.7.1 Ebinat Multiple rounds of discussions were held with different departments at Ebinat Woreda that included:  Woreda administrator’s office,  Women’s affairs office,  Woreda OoEPLAU, and  Woreda Health office;

Summary of discussions is presented below:

Woreda Administrator’s office

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The Woreda administration office plays a key role in the overall decentralized structure that is responsible for planning and implementation of development projects. It draws upon expertise from various departments and offices within the woreda for execution of these projects. Key issues discussed included: options for resettlement, plans for those becoming landless, prior experience and capacity to execute such projects, institutional arrangement and capacity, identification of preferences of PAPs.

Options (or areas) for resettlement/PAP preferences: Based on an informal random survey during the asset inventory survey, it was observed that most of them do not want to leave the area. Hence, people who shall not have lands post expropriation have been identified, and as per mandate of the Woredas, lands in urban areas have been identified. Organizational arrangement of the Woreda: Woreda Administration council has a representatives from each kebele i.e. at least three representatives i.e. farmers, merchants, and others/elders. Woreda administration consists of all government sections, heads of different sectors such as OoEPLAU, Agriculture, Finance, Womens’ affairs. Level of public awareness and attitude towards the Project: Public is aware particularly after the impacts observed following expropriation of land for the Ribb dam. While they are cooperative, their main grievance is that after measurement of land, the payments are delayed. Capacity of the Woreda to implement the Project: A committee comprising a total of seven members is operational and working during the RAP preparation. E.g. composition of the Property Valuation Committee is persons from agricultural office (2), OoEPLAU (2), Livestock (1), Urban Office (1) and Chair of the committee (1). Support in terms of Technical and financial if any, is expected and welcome. Envisaged actions include: establishment of valuation/compensation and grievance committees at Woreda level; treatment of vulnerable groups in the Project. Grievance redressal mechanism: A separate committee at the woreda exists. The Head reports to Woreda administrator well as to Zone and also to the region. There is a chain of command already provided for and grievances are handled accordingly.

OoEPLAU Compensation: Upon completion of compensation process, there are few specific business plans that can be developed for the purpose of income generation. The cost of preparing business plans suitable to the context and based on preferences and skills of affected persons can be undertaken at approximately ETB 45,000. Staffing and Organizational structure: The Head of the OoEPLAU reports to the Woreda administrator. The Head has two main process heads – Process Head (Environmental Protection) and Process Head (Land Administration). The Environmental Protection group has Environmental education, environment resource valuation; Environment Impact Assessment expert and Documentation expert. The Process Head (Land Administration) has Land Administration expert, Land Resource Valuation and Livelihood Option, Forestry, Soil and Water conservation. Constraints overall and specific to project: Of the 11 key positions, 5 positions need to be filled in -- include – Land Registration officer (1), Surveyors (2), Animal Science expert (1) and one grievance redressal officer. Specifically for this project, the grievance redressal at the Woreda is a general office for the entire operations of the Woredas; however a senior, respectable person capable of handling grievances is required at the Woreda OoEPLAU level. No vehicle for field work is a major constraint. Besides, computers (2), stationery/materials are required. Estimated costs: Rates for experts vary based on i) experience and ii) type of appointment – contractual basis or permanent basis. It can be stated as ETB 4000-5000/month.

Women’s affairs department Women’s role in decision making: Position of women has improved from the past but more attitudinal changes in both men and women are required.

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Issues faced based on past experience from such projects, if any: From the experience of land acquisition for the dam, most women realize that land compensation is insufficient. Further, existing skills are found to be inadequate if they shift to urban centers. Its’ better to provide farm land in rural areas so that they can continue livelihood based on crop production. Land holding certificate: Since the certificate has names and photos of husband and wife, compensation payment is not a problem. HIV/AIDs issue: Awareness of HIV is there as programs are held every fortnight at kebele, community and woreda levels, besides distribution of condoms by Health extension workers. Literacy and skills: They get farmer trainings but more training on income generation activities is required such as i) petty trade; ii selling and iii) modern weaving and spinning machines. Health Office Major activities: Malaria Prevention and Control is implemented and coordinated by the Woreda Health Offices. Provision of mosquito net (two in each households) and spread of the anti-malaria medication twice a year, provision of health education about the preventive measures of malaria by health extension workers, monitoring the adherence to mosquito net utilization in the household, environmental control and protection and provision of malaria drugs through health posts are the major activities being implemented by the health offices. Currently there are a number of programs related to the prevention, care and support of HIV/AIDS: HIV/AIDS Prevention Control Office (HAPCO), primarily involved in community mobilization on prevention of the disease by awareness creation/education program, involving training; the distribution of condoms in public places; Voluntary counseling and testing services, prevention of Mother-to-Child transmission; Provision of ARV (Antiretroviral) and providing care and support for people living with HIV/AIDS. The monthly community meetings where participants discuss problems relating to HIV/AIDS and STI, care and support and Health Extension Programs are also organized by the Woreda Health Office. These include monitoring and coordinating the health extension program in each kebeles. The health extension program includes eleven packages (latrine use, preparation and utilization of the separate animal shade, Mothers and infants health, Water and sanitation, environments protection and control under malaria prevention, Prevention and control of communicable diseases like water borne diseases, HIV prevention etc.). Strategy adopted: The main strategy (designed at the regional level) is to use health extension workers. Health extension workers selected from each kebeles are trained and two health extension workers are assigned in each health posts. Educational level of the extension workers is 10+1 and with some trainings and certification too. Extension workers handle cases in the health posts like provision of malaria drug for patients, Family planning, VCT etc. Health extension workers provide HIV prevention awareness and also VCT. The home based care giver professionals are also providing care for HIV/AIDS patients. NGOs working on health related interventions: Only MSH (Management Science for Health) provides ART support in the area. Government supports this intervention fully as no NGOs are working in the area. Interventions especially Malaria/ major activities being implemented in the Amisteya kebele: One of the malaria sites in the woreda is Amisteya kebele wherein anti malaria medicines are spread twice a year – at a time when malaria breeding is more acute i.e. around Sept-November and May and June. Mosquito nets are distributed to every household. One net is given for three members of the household, and two nets for six family members. Recommendation regarding any intervention: Special attention is given to the area as Malaria problem may aggravate due to the reservoir. There is a need to strengthen the existing prevention programs such as the spread of anti-malaria medicine, increasing the supply of malaria drugs in each health posts and mosquito net distribution is also important. Constraints and challenges: Transportation, lack of networking and coordination with agriculture office are major constraints. Another constraint was despite provision of nets, nets are not used for intended purpose but for other

Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme – Final Report Page 30 Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project purposes such as to cover the crop, prepare rope, etc. Increased coordination with the agriculture office and awareness generation is needed.

Assessment of Ebinat Woreda institutions: Major effort in economic rehabilitation shall require very effective inter-departmental coordination. Careful monitoring of food security situation for both affected households and also other non-affected households in the kebele would be crucial as Ebinat is already a target woreda under the Food Security Program. Health offices require capacity enhancement to ensure that health needs and malaria related concerns of affected population is adequately addressed. Women’s affairs department needs appropriate support to reach out effectively to the concerned kebeles in provision of training. Woreda OoEPLAUs too require increased capacity both in terms of transportation for access and also manpower resources to carry out the necessary activities. A dedicated committee with prior experience in Ribb dam project is an advantage. However, limited experience in alternative livelihood generation is an issue of concern and therefore necessitates contracting of outside agencies with relevant experience for this purpose.

4.7.2 Farta Woreda: Multiple rounds of discussions were held following key departments at Farta Woreda:

 Woreda administrator’s office;  Women’s affairs office;  OoEPLAU;  Health office, and  Micro and Small scale enterprise;

Presented below are summary of discussions. Woreda Administrator’s office

Finalization of the cadastral mapping task in the Woreda, especially within the Project affected Kebeles. It is nearly complete for all kebeles in the woreda and not just for the affected persons. Organizational arrangement of the Woreda: The administration had members from different department and works in close coordination to prepare and implement all activities. Valuation committees dedicated to the task shall be made available for purposes of compensation computation. The composition of the Property Valuation Committee includes members from OoEPLAU, Dept. of agriculture, etc. there is a 7-8 members committee including the valuation committee chairman. Level of public awareness and public attitude towards the Project/Preferences: Public are aware of the project and have expectations for a better life. Rehabilitation and Resettlement: Based on a random assessment carried out by the Woreda in March 2011, it was observed that those completely affected and without land preferred to come to woreda centers and start business/petty trade. These include occupations such as bamboo furniture in which they have skills, besides weaving, fattening, leather works. Therefore, the RAP report should assess the market for effective options. Further, PAPs are likely to have a strong preference to come to woreda centers as they deem these town centers to have more amenities. Also identification of such areas is within the scope of the zone administration/municipality administration and regional administration. Capacity of the Woreda to implement the Project (in terms of resources input) /Capacity constraints: While there are officers in ARD and Rural Land Administration they tend to usual routine works. A consultation expert, a Resettlement Expert and Livelihood Expert are required. The Livelihood Expert should have degree in Animal Sciences, familiar with fattening etc. and can be hired at ETB 4000-5000/month. Compensation payment: For dam construction related acquisition, payments were made directly by the Ministry (MoWE) to the Kebele and hence there was no specific role. Woreda finance department counsels PAP on how to

Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme – Final Report Page 31 Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project manage the money. Woreda Administration supports by counseling the PAPs as appropriate to open a bank account and transfer the amount directly to the bank account, update pass book. Grievance redressed office: Committee was not operational earlier but now has been made operational. However people with complaints approach courts for redressed.

Woreda OoEPLAU Compensation valuation: The process has a series of steps including revision of lists following disclosure events to check and carry out corrections to ownership details. The office has also collected all land holdings books for updating of the master land holding book. Constraints in terms of capacity: We have contractual and regular workers. At present for this task expect additional support for Land use Expert, Economist, Livelihood and legal expert. Further in terms of equipment, department has two (2) computers (2) for maintaining database. Additional land survey equipment and vehicles too are required. Options for resettlement/Income generation options: Areas for PAPs to relocate and resettle are to be decided by Woreda administration and zonally administration as land is scarce in these densely populated areas. Compensation option is only monetary for people who are used to farming all their lives. Transfer of compensation is carried out vide bank but is not sustainable overall, though counselling needs to be carried out vide advisory mechanisms. Proper technical advisors are required for this purpose and need details of different trades such as bamboo furniture. There is no ready-made business plan but Agricultural and Rural Development (ARD) can be contacted for business plans. Dedicated officers are required such as alternate livelihood expert and small enterprises. Key requirements based on constraints: Stationery, computers and a vehicle for our own office as there is very often lot of field work involved.

Women’s affairs department Plan to rehabilitate the livelihood of women living in the project affected area: Unable to give special attention to the potentially affected women. Microfinance credit facilities, trainings on modern farming, livestock, and modern beehives are to be provided. They indicated to having prior experience in provision of such trainings for around 3042 women and youth (commercial sex workers, daily labourers, etc.) from different towns of the woreda.

Lack of trainings in project kebeles (Jara Shikra and Medeb gubda): It is due to: i) area is remote with no infrastructure and no roads to the kebeles; ii) budgetary constraint to provide vehicles to gender experts to access such kebeles as otherwise the area is nearly a 30 km or a 3 hour walk.

Suggestion regarding HIV/AIDS/intervention: We have program with HAPCO (HIV/AIDS prevention and Control office). We train the kebele health extension workers and they generate awareness.

Health Office Role in the Ribb reservoir scheme: They can assist the project authorities or the WPITs in malaria prevention by provision of mosquito net and spreading of the anti-malaria medicines. Of the two kebeles in Farta impacted by the project, Medebgubda is the malaria area and there is at present no prevention program there. As the area, especially Medebgubda is highly infected, many malaria cases are reported. There is one health center in Medebgubda, because of the prevalence of the problem. The center is proving the anti-malaria drug only. The project (reservoir) will aggravate the problem more. Separate budget should be allocated by the project.

Challenges / constraints: Due to budget constraints, spreading of anti-malaria medicine in malaria affected kebeles has not been done. Kebeles that are identified as malaria breeding grounds need to be prioritized. Usage of mosquito nets is a problem and requires strict monitoring and follow up. Transportation constraint is significant and

Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme – Final Report Page 32 Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project leads to delay in distribution of the mosquito net and medicine. Provision of adequate transportation by the project authorities would greatly facilitate the issue.

Assessment of Farta Woreda institutions: The impacts likely i.e. change in occupation leading to major effort in economic rehabilitation shall require very effective coordination between all departments of the woreda. While Health offices’ shall require capacity enhancement to ensure that affected population’s health needs is taken care of, Women’s Affairs department needs appropriate support to reach out effectively to the concerned kebeles to provide training. Woreda OoEPLAUs too require transportation for access and manpower to carry out the necessary activities. In view of the negligible exposure to management of rehabilitation efforts of such magnitude, these departments need external support from organizations with relevant experience, particularly on development and implementation of income generation activities.

Consultations were held with a few major grassroot agencies that operate in these sectors within the Amhara region. Discussions and assessment of these NGOs are presented in Chapter 8 – Income and Livelihood Restoration.

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CHAPTER 5 – IMPACT ASSESSMENT

The planned infrastructure of the Ribb Irrigation and Drainage project (RIDP) shall impact 23 kebeles across four (4) Woredas. While the Dam and Reservoir area would impact four (4) kebeles across two (2) Woredas – Ebinat and Farta, the command area infrastructure of canal networks, night storage ponds, etc. shall affect 19 kebeles across Libo-kemkem and Fogera Woredas. The ESIA report for the RIDP scheme listed the nature and type of potential positive and adverse impacts. Sections below list all the adverse impacts that shall result from the reservoir i.e. those quantified based on the Asset Inventory survey and other non-tangible impacts identified based on discussions with various stakeholders, particularly affected communities.

5.1 Positive Impacts The beneficiaries of RIDP are the small land holders living in and using the cultivable land in the command area of the Ribb irrigation scheme i.e. farms lands in the 19 kebeles of Libo- Kemkem and Fogera woredas, approximately 40 km away. Of the total irrigable command area identified of 19,925 ha, RIDP proposes that up to 14,460 ha25 be irrigated by water stored in Ribb Reservoir behind the Ribb Dam, and is released into the Ribb River and then distributed by gravity to approximately 11,500 farming households. The planned and anticipated positive impacts of RIDP as listed in the ESIA report are:

 Increased cropping intensity due to the provision of irrigation water during the dry season;  Increased crop yields due to improved drainage, inputs and crop husbandry;  Increased crop diversity due to an improvement of land capability by irrigation and drainage and improved access to seeds and markets;  Improved livestock husbandry and productivity;  Increased and stabilised household incomes from agriculture for some 10,000 farm households;  Increased secondary economic activities – agriculturally-related goods and services and associated local employment, including for scheme operation and maintenance;  Improved institutional capacity of government organisations responsible for water management and agricultural development at regional, woreda and kebele levels;  Improved road access, with many associated benefits;  Reduced impacts from flooding;  Improved health for command area households due to multiple health initiatives, combined with improved literacy, women's status, road access and household incomes;  Improved status and quality of life of women in the command area due to multiple community development initiatives especially provision of domestic water supplies, increased household incomes, adult literacy, improved health, better access to fuel and inclusion in community decision-making mechanisms;  Conservation of fish and wildlife in command area and associated rivers due to establishment of habitat protection and fishery management mechanisms and increased environmental awareness;

Specifically in the reservoir area, the following positive impacts are envisaged:

 Work opportunities in Dam construction: Construction work on the dam has provided work opportunities and already has involved skilled and unskilled labour from the four kebeles that lie in the vicinity – Zeha, Amisteya, Jara Shikra and Medebgubda. Further during operation it is expected that work opportunities, albeit fewer, would be available.in the form of other support services for the Ribb Dam office, staff quarters, vehicles, etc.

25 Source: ESIA report by BRL Ingenerie

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 Reservoir fishery – The introduction of fishery development following the creation of a big water body will enable the local communities to diversify their economy. It will help to improve the nutritional status of the local people and the region and shall supplement income.

Submergence of area resulting in formation of reservoir will lead to impacts in four surrounding kebeles. Direct and indirect impacts will be felt across communities. All affected households and their assets were covered during the asset inventory survey in November 2012. The type of adverse impacts segregated by individual and overall community is given below:

5.2 Impact on Private assets The reservoir would impact 1091 PAHs across the four kebeles. At an average household size of 4.526, there would be an estimated 4909 PAHs. Amongst these four kebeles, Medebgubda and Amisteya are most impacted as nearly half (45.83%) belong to Medegubda kebele, followed by Amisteya (36.02%). Ayvaniva kebele is least impacted and has 4 PAPs.

Table 5.1 – Number of PAHs by kebele S/N Name of Kebele PAHs losing land and other assets PAPs losing only PAPs losing only Total on land Eucalyptus tree Structures 1 Amestiya 383 0 10 393 2 Ayvaniva 4 0 0 4 3 Jara Shikra 190 2 2 194 4 Medeb Gubda 484 2 14 500 Total 1061 4 26 1091

Loss of privately owned cultivable farm land: Cultivable farm land – key economic resource of the communities shall be the biggest loss faced by the predominantly farming based households. It will disturb the subsistence levels and income-earning capacity, primarily through the loss of economically productive assets. The reservoir would impact 2039 parcels comprising 946.2171 ha of cultivable farm land across all four kebeles. See Table 5.2. These parcels are privately owned by 1056 landowners. Only 11.33969 ha (1.18%) is irrigated land i.e. land irrigated by a nearby spring or water source such Hamusit and Ribb Rivers. Teff, Maize, Wheat, Barley, Potato are the major crops impacted by the acquisition of land in the reservoir affected zone. Other crop varieties include Sorghum, Maize, Chicken bean, horse bean, beans, cabbage, pepper and onion. Further food insecurity would be a critical issue as Ebinat Woreda is a food chronically insecure and already a target woreda under PSNP (Productive Safety Net Program). The average holding in these affected kebeles is: Medebgubda (1.015 ha); Jarashikra (0.86 ha), Ayvaniva (0.833 ha) and Amestiya (0.78 ha). Table 5.2 – Impact on privately owned farm lands Farm Lands Name of Kebele Rain-fed Irrigated* Total Area (ha) PAHs Parcels Area (ha) PAHs Parcels Area (ha) Amestiya 379 719 340.8535 41 43 9.38769 340.8535 Ayvaniva 4 4 2.3298 0 0 0 2.3298 Jara Shikra 189 315 134.0878 10 10 1.952 134.0878 Medeb Gubda 484 1001 468.946 0 0 0 468.946 Total 1056 2039 946.2171 51 53 11.33969 946.2171 *irrigated is part of the rainfed area. Considerations made in defining Rainfed land and Irrigated land is that during rainy season {from June to August} whole parcel is cultivated by natural rain and during dry season only irrigated portion is cultivated

26 Average Household size for rural areas in Amhara Region, Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census, 2007

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Loss of private or common grazing land: Common grazing land i.e. grazing land parcels owned a single person or set of PAPs would be impacted27. 16 PAHs would lose 16 parcels of 7.96216 ha of grazing land. Amestiya kebele experiences the maximum impact. The loss of privately owned common grazing parcels of land could potentially lead to lesser or reduced ownership of cattle/livestock. See Table 5.3. Table 5.3 – Impact on privately owned common grazing lands Grazing lands Name of Kebele PAHs Parcels Area (ha) Amestiya 15 15 7.16176 Ayvaniva 0 0 0 Jara Shikra 0 0 0 Medeb Gubda 1 1 0.8004 Total 16 16 7.96216

Loss of lands considered ineligible for compensation: 4.93493 ha of impacted land in Amestiya and Medebgubda kebeles are considered as ineligible as these belong to 8 persons who are now permanent employees and therefore can no longer be classified as farmer and therefore eligible for compensation. As on the date of inventory it was not transferred to kebele, so the same is considered as government land and hence do not require to be compensated. Also 1 parcel owned by 1 person of 1.69049 ha near the Ribb River is severely eroded as it is totally washed out by the river. Land belongs to the government. If one is not using land it is considered he is not affected by the acquisition so no need for compensation. And there is no structure on it (See Tables 5.4 and 5.5). Table 5.4 – Impact on lands considered ineligible for compensation (Permanent employees) Name of kebele PAHs Parcels Area (ha) Amestiya 4 6 2.41813 Ayvaniva 0 0 0 Jara Shikra 0 0 0 Medeb Gubda 4 6 2.5168 Total 8 12 4.93493

Table 5.5 – Impact on severely eroded lands considered ineligible for compensation Kebele Persons Parcels Area (ha) Amestiya 1 1 1.69049 Ayvaniva 0 0 0 Jara Shikra 0 0 0 Medeb Gubda 0 0 0 Total 1 1 1.69049

PAPs already impacted and compensated: During preparation of the RAP and due to exigencies of dam construction work, some parcels of land that lay within the reservoir zone were required for borrow areas. These parcels of land belonged to 39 PAPs from Amisteya (17) and Medebgubda (22) kebeles. Their residential structures were not affected. Woreda authorities computed their compensation and following Region’s verification, approval and issuance of entitlement certificates, MoWE has already compensated these PAPs and expropriated some of their affected parcels upto. 26.505 ha (See Appendix 5.1 for list of PAPs).

Loss of structures: Structures lost by PAHs include residential structures (Tukuls i.e. huts including kitchens), 136 PAHs are experiencing impacts on 211 residential structures with a total impacted area of 4596.95 sq.mtrs. Of these

27 Parcels of grazing land owned by a set of PAPs which lies in a common area between 2 or more PAPs and for which they have joint ownership and compensation payable for such parcels also gets computed and paid proportionately

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211 residential structures, 71.56% houses have thatched roof, while the remaining 60 are permanent types with corrugated iron sheet. No residential structure is affected in Ayvaniva kebele. See Tables 5.6 and 5.7.

Table 5.6 – Number of PAHs experiencing impact on residential structures Name of Kebele No. of PAHs Amestiya 72 Ayvaniva 0 Jara Shikra 7 Medeb Gubda 57 Total 136

Table 5.7 – Impact on Structures by type of structure Corrugated Iron Sheet roofed Thatched Roofed Total Name of Kebele Number of Floor Area Number of Floor Area Number of Floor Area houses (m2) houses (m2) houses (m2) Amestiya 25 1041.1325 84 1395.174 109 2,436.31 Ayvaniva 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 Jara Shikra 4 152.7 7 87.14771 11 239.85 Medeb Gubda 31 1159.3196 60 761.4793 91 1,920.80 Total 60 2353.1521 151 2243.801 211 4,596.95

Number of physically displaced persons: 85 PAHs would be displaced i.e. losing structure and opting to relocate either to woreda urban town centre or to communal land site. Table 5.8 classifies PAPs by those losing structures and with balance landholding and opting to relocate. Table 5.8 – Impacts by extent of remaining by loss of structure and then loss of land Name of Kebele PAH losing PAH losing residential PAHs losing PAH losing residential Total Everything Structure and have residential Structure Structure has balance balance land equal or have balance land land greater than or less than one kada28 less than two kada equal to two kada (>1 and < 2 kada) Ayvaniva 0 0 0 0 0 Jara Shikra 1 1 0 2 4 Medeb Gubda 30 4 9 7 50 Amisteya Rural site 3 3 0 1 7 Town Centre 10 1 4 9 24 44 9 13 19 85

 Number of PAHs who shall be shifting to ‘project identified’ urban resettlement sites or communal land site: 85  PAHs who become houseless and landless: 44  PAHs who become houseless and having land less than or equal to 1 kada (0.25 acre): 9  PAHs who become houseless and having land balance land less than 2 kada (0.5 acre): 13  PAHs who become houseless and having land greater than two kada (2): 19  Total number of persons who will relocated: 85 (Maximum are from Medebgubda kebele)

28 1 kada equals 0.25 hectare

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 Amisteya has two sets of resettlers: 7 households relocating to rural site and 24 relocating to Ebinat Woreda town centre

See Annexure 5.1 for list of PAHs who will relocate. Loss of assets on land i.e. crops and trees: Loss of crops would definitely impact food-grain situation at home as well as overall income, while loss of trees would impact fuel wood. The reservoir will impact Natural trees, Eucalyptus trees and Perennial crops (fruits). Natural Trees: 741 PAHs will experience impact on 30,601 Natural trees of varying sizes. Species include: Abalo, Bamba, Chibha, Dokma, Embis, Gambelo, Girar, Kewet, Kundo Berbere, kechena, Kuara, Misana, Nim, Shinet, Tid, Wanza, Warka, Woyra, Zana and Zanfique. As can be seen from Table 5.9, 58.96% of the trees are in Medebgubda kebele.

Table 5.9 – Impacts on Natural Trees Natural Trees Name of Kebele No. of PAHs Large Medium Small Total Amestiya 294 1374 3697 5733 10804 Ayvaniva 2 3 1 7 11 Jara Shikra 105 402 437 906 1745 Medeb Gubda 340 2592 8738 6711 18041 Total 741 4371 12873 13357 30601

Eucalyptus trees: 108 PAPs will experience impacts on 132668 Eucalyptus trees at different stages of growth. 70.76% of these trees are at Seedling stage. Medebgubda kebele accounts for 71.64% of the total impacted Eucalyptus trees (See Table 5.10).

Table 5.10 – Impacts on Eucalyptus Trees Eucalyptus Trees Name of Kebele No. of owners Medium (for Large (for Very large (for Seedling Total purlin) Pole) timber) Amestiya 31 13217 12542 269 240 26268 Ayvaniva 0 0 0 0 0 0 Jara Shikra 23 3216 7771 220 146 11353 Medeb Gubda 54 77443 16440 1096 68 95047 Total 108 93876 36753 1585 454 132668

Perennial crops: The project shall impact 2629 perennial crops such as Banana, Enkoy, Casava, Coffee, Gesho, Lemon, Mango, Orange, Papaya, Sugarcane and Zeytun that belong to 59 owners. Amisteya kebele shall be experience the maximum on perennial crops (See Table 5.11).

Table 5.11 – Impacts on Perennial Crops Perennial Crops Name of Kebele No. of owners Yielding Non-Yielding Total Amestiya 32 2203 233 2436 Ayvaniva 0 0 0 0 Jara Shikra 8 20 19 39 Medeb Gubda 19 133 21 154 Total 59 2356 273 2629

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Other intangible impacts: These would include:  increase in cases of HIV/Aids: Dam construction ongoing for the last few years has brought in outsiders. Besides in-migration, the potential out-migration particularly by the vulnerable PAPs, post-expropriation might lead to increase in HIV/Aids;  Social disarticulation and marginalization due to relocation: Relocation to Resettlement sites particularly in urban centers, albeit within the same Woreda, often leads to breakdown of social groups for neighborliness and support and coping mechanisms that existed earlier in their own kebeles. Some of the PAPs who have preferred to shift to the urban centres would need to adjust to the host community/population.

5.3 Impact on Kebele community/Church/Common Property Loss of land owned by kebele and Churches: 2.799 ha of farm land owned by Medebgubda kebele will be impacted. No other kebele experiences any loss of farm or grazing land. Churches in Amestiya kebele owning 3 parcels totalling 2.4007 ha of farm and grazing land will be impacted. No other kebele experiences any loss of farm or grazing land (See Tables 5.12 and 5.13). Table 5.12 – Impacts on Farm and grazing land owned by kebele Farm Land Grazing Land Total Name of Kebele Parcels Area (ha) Parcels Area (ha) Parcels Area (ha) Amestiya 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ayvaniva 0 0 0 0 0 0 Jara Shikra 0 0 0 0 0 0 Medeb Gubda 2 2.7990 0 0 2 2.7990 Total 2 2.799 0 0 2 2.799

Table 5.13 – Impacts on Farm and Grazing land owned by Church Farm Land Grazing Land Total Kebele Parcels Area (ha) Parcels Area (ha) Parcels Area (ha) Amestiya 2 2.3438 1 0.05695 3 2.4007 Ayvaniva 0 0 0 0 0 0 Jara Shikra 0 0 0 0 0 0 Medeb Gubda 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 2 2.3438 1 0.05695 3 2.4007

Loss of communal grazing land: Communal grazing lands that belong to the kebeles, though degraded to overgrazing and other reasons are precious particularly for landless households in the kebeles. Its’ loss could result in community members giving away their balance cattle/livestock leading to further depletion of their economic resources (See Section 3.5 for responses of PAHs on management of livestock with lesser land). It would increase their expenditure to procure these items such as meat, milk, etc. from the market and therefore impact thier savings. 27 parcels totalling 75.61116 ha of communal land owned by the will be impacted. Amisteya (42.81086 ha) will lose of communal land, followed by Medebgubda (23.322 ha). Table 5.14 – Impact on Communal grazing land Kebele Number of Parcels Area (ha) Amestiya 9 42.81086 Ayvaniva 0 0 Jara Shikra 5 9.4783 Medeb Gubda 13 23.322 Total 27 75.61116

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In summary, 1041.616 ha of land will be impacted by the project (See Table 5.15) Table 5.15 – Total impacted land Kebele Private Land (ha) Church Land (ha) Kebele Land (ha) Communal Ineligible (ha) Total (ha) Farm Grazing Farm Grazing Farm Grazing (ha) Perm. Eroded Employee Amestiya 340.8535 7.16176 2.3438 0.05695 0 0 42.81086 2.41813 1.69049 397.33547 Ayvaniva 2.3298 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.3298 Jara 134.0878 0 0 0 0 0 9.4783 0 0 143.5661 Shikra Medeb 468.946 0.8004 0 0 2.7990 0 23.322 2.5168 0 498.3842 Gubda Total 946.2171 7.96216 2.3438 0.05695 2.799 0 75.61116 4.93493 1.69049 1041.616

Impact on cultural/religious asset: The project does not impact any graveyard, burial ground, tomb, any religious or sentimental monument etc. Intangible impacts on the community: These would include:  loss or impeded traditional access/routes: There would be impacts on access points too as the reservoir would divide villages and Kebeles, and cut across access paths/ gravel roads. Walking distances may increase as traditional access routes would be longer to health and education facilities;  health impacts: Due to formation of a large body of water, there is likelihood of increase in incidents of water borne diseases such as Malaria, schistosomiasis (Bilharzia) etc. pose a major risk to the communities living in the vicinity of the reservoir;  potential accidents: Though a 3.5 meter Buffer zone of land (also acquired) has been provided, creation of an artificial body of water may result in accidents.  impact on flow of water downstream: Impounding of water in the reservoir following construction of dam shall impact water flow and in particular cultivation in the downstream kebeles such as Addis Bete Kirstian and Wetemb in Fogera Woreda which are not part of the command area.

5.4 Impact on vulnerable groups ESIA report had identified principal vulnerable groups in the area to be female PAPs, landless women. The project shall impacted 308 women PAHs i.e. asset owners (See Table 5.16). Table 5.16 – No. of affected Female PAHs Kebele Number of female PAHs Amisteya 102 Ayvaniva 0 Jara Shikra 47 Medeb gubda 159 Total 308 Source: Asset Inventory Survey SMEC 2012

Number of Female PAHs requiring relocation: Of the total 85 PAPs relocating, 31 are female PAHs i.e. losing structure (with no balance land or some balance land) and opting to relocate either to woreda urban town centre or to communal land site. 15 females will be losing everything i.e. structures and becoming houseless and landless (See Table 5.17).

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Table 5.17 – Number of female PAHs by impact Name of Kebele Female PAH Female PAH losing Female PAHs Female PAH losing Total losing residential Structure losing residential residential Everything and have balance land Structure have Structure and (all land and equal or less than one balance land equal balance land structure) kada29 or less than two greater than or kada equal to two kada Amisteya (Rural site) 0 1 0 0 1 Amisteya (Town Centre) 4 0 2 4 10 Ayvaniva 0 0 0 0 0 Jara Shikra 0 1 0 1 2 Medeb Gubda 11 2 4 1 18 15 4 6 6 31

5 females – Medebgubda (3), Jarashikra (1) and Amisteya (1) in Medebgubda are also above 65 years of age i.e. having multiple vulnerabilities. Further break up based on loss of land and structure is provided in Chapter 8 on Gender Action Plan.

Vulnerable persons classified by vulnerability status of the Head of the Household is presented in Table 5.18 below by old age (above 65 years) and female PAHs

Table 5.18 – Number of vulnerable PAH Name of Kebele Old aged (above 65 years of age) Female Headed Households Total Amisteya 34 82 116 Ayvaniva 0 0 0 Jara Shikra 14 41 55 Medeb Gubda 51 54 105 Total* 99 177 276 **multiple vulnerabilities are counted once e.g. female headed household and also above 65 years of age Source: SMEC 2012

5.5 Potential Impacts on host community Relocation by the project affected households to new areas within their kebeles or other identified and developed resettlement sites in urban areas, could lead to the following impacts:  increased pressure on existing services on host population: relocation and resettlement of persons from reservoir area to the identified resettlement sites either in Woreda Town, communal grazing land shall lead to increased pressure on the existing services such as water, hand-pumps, etc.; and  conflict between resettled PAPs and host community: the benefits given to the resettled PAPs could create a sense of disproportionate distribution of economic resources in the host community and might lead to conflicts. Presently at the Communal land site, only a handful of households living around the area are accessing the communal grazing land. However these are grazing lands with very limited fodder for the cattle.

At Debre Tabor town site, few houses are present at the identified resettlement site in the Town expansion area. Basic infrastructure is already available and additional facilities would be provided as part of the site preparation works. At Ebinat town the site is located in an area with relatively higher density and there are many houses, shops and government offices. Pressure on available water resources, used for washing, bathing might increase marginally. In both areas, impacts on host population are likely to increase if many PAHs are involved in the Petty

29 1 kada equals 0.25 hectare

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Trade thereby increasing competition amongst those already established or already long operational. This would require appropriate counseling to the PAPs by the Contracted IR agency.

Hence, it is advisable to integrate the host community too in creation and maintenance of additional community resources vides involvement in consultations, group discussions. As part of the site preparation works, facilities if any identified for augmentation during consultations with host community will be augmented.

5.6 Other temporary impacts Besides, there could be following temporary impacts: a) loss or damage to crops or any Common property resource (CPR) as part of construction works, such as movement of machinery, river diversion; and b) temporary land take for quarry sites, borrow pits for dam construction i.e. from areas other than already identified spots.

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CHAPTER 6 – APPLICABLE LEGAL FRAMEWORK

The Chapter presents a review of legal and regulatory framework applicable to the project. These include legislations i.e. key constitutional and proclamations provisions, a review to assess their relevance to the project followed by a comparison of World Bank OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement and Ethiopian legislations. The Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) formulated for ENIDP and the entitlement framework applicable for mitigation measures to address impacts relating to Ribb Reservoir scheme are given below:

6.1 National Legislation and Practice The Project is guided and regulated by the country’s constitutional and policy framework, statutory (proclamations) and non-statutory (regulations) framework, including relevant administrative instruments (such as directives and guidelines). These are listed below:

Federal level:  Proclamation No. 1/1995: The Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia;  Proclamation No. 455/2005: Expropriation of Landholdings for Public Purposes and Payment for Compensation Proclamation;  Proclamation No. 456/2005: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Rural Land Administration and Land Use Proclamation;  Council of Ministers Regulations No. 135/2007: Payment of Compensation for Property Situated on Landholdings Expropriated for Public Purposes; and  The Resettlement Policy Framework: Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project, June 2007.  Proclamation No. 564/2008: International Development Association Financing Agreement for Irrigation and Drainage Project Ratification;

Regional level:  Proclamation No. 59/2001: The Revised Constitution of the Amhara National Regional State Approval Proclamation;  Proclamation No. 133/2006: The Revised Amhara National Regional State Rural Land Administration and Land Use Proclamation;  Council of Regional Government Regulations No. 51/2007: The Revised Amhara National State Rural Land Administration and Use System Implementation Regulations;  The Regional (Environmental Protection, Land Administration and Use Authority – BoEPLAU) Directive on Redistribution of Land in Modern Irrigation, 2007; and  The Regional (BoEPLAU) Guideline on Expropriation of Landholdings for Public Purpose and Payment of Compensation, 2009.

Land Acquisition Procedures: The Project is an irrigation development project to be implemented in a rural area and is thereby public in nature. Land acquisition for the project therefore, regulated by the country’s land tenure system. According to the Federal Constitution, land is a public property as there is no private ownership of land. Every farmer30, however, is entitled to have a rural landholding right, for an indefinite period of time. The farmer is also constitutionally protected from eviction from his/her landholding except for public purpose. Since land is State owned, it can be reclaimed through declaration of eminent domain without the consent of the individual landholders, regarded as involuntary resettlement. The procedures for land acquisition are governed by the relevant national legislation. According to Article 3(1) of Proclamation No. 455/2005, a Woreda Administration is legally empowered to

30 Farmer refers to those termed ‘peasant’ in legislation.

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The detailed procedure has been provided under Article 4 of this Proclamation, as follows:  determination by the Woreda to expropriate a landholding;  notification, in writing, indicating the time when the land has to be vacated and the amount of compensation to be paid;  the period of such expropriation notification, as determined by the regional guideline, being 90 days;  handing of the land to the Woreda within 30 days, where there is no crop, perennial crop or other property on the expropriated land; and  voluntarily handing over of the landholding by the landholder to the Woreda Administration within 90 days from the date of payment of compensation; or if the landholder refuses to receive the payment, from the date of deposit of the compensation in the blocked bank account in the name of the Woreda;

Land for Land Compensation: The planned RIDP is for public purpose i.e. to irrigate approximately 14,460 ha of land in the command area for approximately 11500 farming households across 19 kebeles. The development of the irrigation land is directly benefiting the people living in the command area. Constitutionally, land in Ethiopia is extra commercium, meaning that land is not subject to sale or to other means of exchange. Land is not subject to private ownership only to a private landholding right for an indefinite period of time therefore there is no payment of financial compensation in respect of land. Remedies relative to land may take the following form:  land substitution/replacement,  land redistribution, and/or  land consolidation.

This has been provided as per relevant land administration and use laws, and expropriation of land for public purpose and payment of compensation laws of the Federal Government and the Regional State. Based on the Federal Constitution, the federal government has enacted Proclamation No. 456/2005 for the purpose of providing a legal framework for rural land administration and use. The Proclamation provides the following:  acquisition and use of rural land by farmers freely;  duration of land use right of farmers having no time limit;  redistribution of land in case of irrigable land;  the right to get equitable benefit from irrigation development to be established;  determination of minimum rural landholding size and encouraging land consolidation; and  empowerment of regions to enact land administration and use law.

Based on Proclamation No. 456/2005, the Regional State has promulgated Proclamation No. 133/2006 and Regulations No. 51/2007, to regulate rural land administration and use, including expropriation of rural land for public purpose and payment of compensation. The Regional Proclamation and Regulations provide the following:

 a land administration system based on public participation;  to give priority to women, the disabled, and orphaned children… during the time of land distribution;  rural land will not to be expropriated unless it is to be used for public purpose;  exceptionally allowing the distribution of irrigable land to various users;  a minimum area of plot of land to be cultivable by rain or irrigation to be determined by regulations;  no person shall be expropriated from his/her holding without his/her consent, unless …for the purpose of public interest;  any land to be cultivated by modern irrigation may, causing the acquisition of proper share of the previous landholder, be distributed;  a farmer or semi-pastoralist whose land is taken by distribution shall, priory be paid compensation through the person to whom his/her land is to be given for permanent assets s/he cultivated on decreased land;

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 the landholders, on whose land the irrigation infrastructure and water dam are built, shall be provided with irrigable land substitution, and be paid compensation priory which it may be substituted by the would-be dam users for their assets cultivated on their land; and  consolidating individual farmer’s landholding in case of redistribution of irrigation land.

The Regional (Environmental Protection, Land Administration and Use Authority – BOEPLAU) Directive on Redistribution of Land in Modern Irrigation, 2007: To achieve implement article 14/1 of the region’s proclamation on rural land administration and use (Proclamation No. 133/98) which states that land must be redistributed to farmers that lose their land for the construction of irrigation schemes, manual was based on the authority’s responsibility to make the process of irrigation land redistribution transparent and fair, to create a conducive environment for the direct participation of the society in the redistribution, to clearly put the duties and responsibilities of the different bodies which will be involved in the land redistribution. Based on proclamation no. 133/98- article 14/1, any land to be developed through modern irrigation can be redistributed after compensating the pervious landholder in advance. The objective of the irrigation land redistribution is to give substitute land to the farmers who have given their land for the irrigation infrastructure construction through proportional land contribution by all land users.

Further as per the directive, as crop production would be impacted during the construction period, the owner of the land will be paid the estimated value of the annual production of the land as compensation until he/she gets a substitute land. The compensation will be starting from the year in which the land is taken and will continue till the time construction in the area is completed and a new plot of land is made available. In addition to compensation for loss of production till substitute land is given, the following shall be the rights of the irrigation land holder in addition to the rights given to other rural land holders by law:

1. The right to use the irrigation land and access to water based on the regulation of the irrigation water users’ association. 2. The right to attend meetings by irrigation land holders and the right to vote and be elected. 3. The right to get professional support and advice.

Also, in addition to the obligations imposed on other rural land holders by law, irrigation land holders have the following obligations: 1. To use the irrigation water properly and economically. 2. To implement new irrigation technologies based on the advice given by experts. 3. To properly nurture the irrigated land. 4. To respect the boundaries of the lands obtained through redistribution and not to erase boundary signs. 5. To protect, clean and maintain the irrigation canals. 6. To actively participate in the activities of the watershed development. 7. Not to cultivate crops that, are prohibited by experts because they are deemed to cause harm on irrigation water use or neighboring irrigation users. 8. Not to leave the lands idle, unless it is meant for naturally recovering the fertility of the land. 9. To fulfill obligations of sharing costs of the irrigation project construction stated in the agreement. 10. To avoid reduction of production and productivity due to failure to provide the additional inputs that are necessary for land developed through modern irrigation.

Financial Compensation: According to the Federal Constitution, ownership right to private property has been recognized and protected. Private property shall mean any tangible or intangible product that has value and is produced by the labour, creativity, enterprise or capital of an individual citizen. The government may expropriate private property for public purposes subject, however, to payment in advance of compensation commensurate to the value of the property. Legally, compensation could be in cash or in kind or both. For this purpose, specific framework

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According to these laws, private property may have the following forms:  tangible or intangible;  the tangibles are further classified into movable or immovable;  the immovable may constitute buildings and other structures on the land, including annual and perennial crops and other trees; and  Permanent improvements made on the land by labour or capital.

The principle of compensation rests on replacement cost. This may apply to different types of compensation. The following are legally recognized types of compensation:  for property on the land .  for structures: buildings and fences and other structures, if any .  for other properties: annual crops, perennial crops, trees, protected grass .  permanent improvement on the land .  for a property that could be relocated and continue its service;  displacement compensation;  displacement compensation for land used for crops and perennial crops is classified into two types i.e. the provision of replacement land or not; o a rural landholder whose landholding has been permanently expropriated shall be paid displacement compensation which shall be equivalent to ten times the average annual income secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of land; o where the woreda administration confirms that a substitute land which can be easily ploughed and generate comparable income is available for the landholder, the compensation to be paid shall only be equivalent to the average annual income secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land  displacement compensation for protected grass or grazing land. This type of compensation has further been divided into two, the classification being based on the provision of replacement land or not;  displacement compensation for provisional expropriation of rural land;  compensation for various properties  compensation for burial ground;

Rehabilitation Assistance: According to both the federal and regional Constitutions, all people who have been displaced or whose livelihoods have been adversely affected as a result of State programmes have the right to commensurate monetary or alternative means of compensation, including relocation with adequate State assistance. The regional BoEPLAU Guideline for Payment of Compensation in case of expropriation of landholding for public purpose takes cognizance of that payment of compensation alone is not expected to rehabilitate landholders evicted from their land holding for public interest. It proposes for support on the preparation of alterative livelihoods to landholders evicted. Hence Woreda administrations are responsible for to avail alternatives for the sustainable rehabilitation of landholders and provide counseling and support.

For those with remaining plot of land: It proposes that problems and needs of farmers will be identified and they will be advised on their choices. It also recognizes that situation of land holders who can be rehabilitated on the remaining plot of land is different from who are totally evicted. Hence WoARD is to assist farmers to get better agricultural extension services than other farmers, to use various integrated agricultural package alternatives, to design mechanisms of accessing input supply at reasonable price.

For those landholders who do not have remaining land following clearance of lands and wish to resettle in other areas: For these, the following efforts shall be made:

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 the PAPs problems and needs will be studied and they shall be counselled in accordance;  if there is employment opportunity for the landholders and family members in the projects undertaken on the expropriated land, efforts shall be made to employ them in consultation with the concerned officials of the wereda and implementers of the project;  if there are unoccupied or free lands because of different reasons or if agreement is reached to grant substitute land from among the common land in the kebele for these PAPs by convincing the community which uses the common land, such land will be distributed among such holders and they will be assisted to have better land use and productivity on the land they are granted.  also to give them plot of land to establish microfinances in the kebele and to provide counseling services to make their business profitable;  Consultation and advisory work will be made to the PAPs based on micro trade and industry projects such as grinding mill, various shops, restaurant, tea rooms, etc. that could be undertaken in the area by the people.

All such activities would be monitored periodically and advice provided so that the persons will engage in activities which are profitable until they become fully rehabilitated.

Proclamation No. 564/2008: An agreement was signed between the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and the International Development Association for financing Irrigation and Drainage project. The Agreement signed on the 13th of July 2007 was ratified by the proclamation No. 564/2008. The Proclamation empowers the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development to undertake all acts necessary for the utilization of the loan amount in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in the financing Agreement. The Agreement itself articulates that the project consists of irrigation development, agricultural and market development, irrigation management, and project management in the form of various assistance and support in the development and implementation of a monitoring and evaluation framework and a management information system for the Project. The financing agreement besides presenting details on the project management also places some safeguards by requiring the GoE to ensure that the Project is implemented in accordance with the ESMF, RPF and the relevant national legal and policy requirements. Other safeguards include, inter alia, preparing Resettlement Action Plan acceptable to the Association (the Resettlement Action Plan), which plan shall be consistent with the provisions of the Resettlement Policy Framework). Also immediately thereafter and before commencement of the civil works the RAP shall be implemented in accordance with term and in a manner acceptable to the Association.

Rights of Women in Ethiopia: The Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (1995) promotes gender equality and the rights of women, as does local legislation, encouraging the principles of equality and participation of all. Equality and the rights of women referred to in the Constitution include:

Article 25: Right to Equality: All persons are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to the equal protection of the law. In this respect, the law shall guarantee to all peoples equal and effective protection without discrimination on grounds of sex or other status.

Article 35: Rights of Women: Women shall, in the enjoyment of rights and protections provided for by this Constitution, have equal right with men.  Women have equal rights with men in marriage as prescribed by this Constitution (reiterated in Article 34, Marital, Personal and Family Rights: Men and women … have equal rights while entering into, during marriage and at the time of divorce).  The historical legacy of inequality and discrimination suffered by women in Ethiopia taken into account, women, in order to remedy this legacy, are entitled to affirmative measures. The purpose of such measures shall be to provide special attention to women so as to enable them to compete and participate on the basis of equality with men in political, social and economic life as well as in public and private institutions.

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 The State shall enforce the right of women to eliminate the influences of harmful customs. Laws, customs and practices that oppress or cause bodily or mental harm to women are prohibited.  Women have the right to full consultation in the formulation of national development policies, the designing and execution of projects, and particularly in the case of projects affecting the interests of women (reiterated in Article 43, The Right to Development).  Women have the right to acquire, administer, control, use and transfer property. In particular, they have equal rights with men with respect to use, transfer, administration and control of land. They shall also enjoy equal treatment in the inheritance of property.  Women shall have a right to equality in employment, promotion, pay … (reiterated in Article 42, Rights of Labour: Women workers have the right to equal pay for equal work).

According to Article 13, the fundamental rights and freedoms … shall be interpreted in a manner conforming to the principles of the UDHR, International Covenants on Human Rights, and international instruments adopted by Ethiopia.

Article 89 Economic Objectives:  Government has the duty to ensure that all Ethiopians get equal opportunity to improve their economic condition and to promote equitable distribution of wealth among them  Government has the duty to hold, on behalf of the People, land and other natural resources and to deploy them for their common benefit and development.  Government shall at all times promote the participation of the People in the formulation of national development policies and programmes; it shall also have the duty to support the initiatives of the People in their development endeavours.  Government shall ensure the participation of women in equality with men in all economic and social development endeavours.

Grievance Redressal: Disputes or grievances may arise during the resettlement & compensation payment process. The grievance or dispute could be between the relevant PAP & the local government that takes the land, measures & which values properties, through Valuation Committee, and pays compensation. The PAPs shall have a constitutional right to justice. According to Articles 37(1) of the Federal & Regional Constitutions, everyone has the right to bring a justiciable matter to, and to obtain a decision or judgment by, a court of law or any other competent body with judicial power.

Accordingly, the grievance procedure has been provided under the following policy, legal & administrative documents. The procedure regulates on which aspect of the resettlement & rehabilitation process a complaint is to be submitted, to which institutions to be submitted same, the time framework within which to submit, preconditions to be fulfilled to submit same and so forth. The applicable legal, policy & administrative documents, generally, are the following.  as per Article 11 of the (federal) Proclamation No. 455/2005;  as per Article 12 of the (federal) Proclamation No. 456/2005;  as per Article 29 of the (regional) Proclamation No. 133/2006;  as per the (regional) Proclamation No. 148/ 2007;  as per Article 33 of the (regional) Regulations No. 51/2007;  as per Article 29 of the BoEPLAU Guideline;

6.2 World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.12) on Involuntary Resettlement The Bank’s policy recognizes that involuntary resettlement may cause severe long-term hardship, impoverishment, and environmental damage unless appropriate measures are carefully planned and carried out. For these reasons, the overall objectives of the Bank’s policy on involuntary resettlement are the following:

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(a) Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploring all viable alternative project designs. (b) Where it is not feasible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activities should be conceived and executed as sustainable development programs, providing sufficient investment resources to enable the persons displaced by the project to share in project benefits. Displaced persons should be meaningfully consulted and should have opportunities to participate in planning and implementing resettlement programs. (c) Displaced persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher. (d) Share information, consult and involve PAPs and local persons from preparation stage in issues of land acquisition, loss of livelihood and in identifying social issues likely to arise during project implementation; (e) Pay special attention to marginalized and vulnerable groups and secure their participation; (f) Ensure payment of compensation and assistance to PAPs at replacement cost, prior to any displacement or start of civil works;

The OP describes World Bank policies and procedures on involuntary resettlement as well as conditions that borrowers are expected to meet during operations involving resettlement of affected groups. It requires an entitlement framework aimed at restoration of affected livelihoods, replacement, and participation of and consultation with affected groups. A detailed social assessment and development of an action plan having list of measures for betterment/ restoration of lost assets/ income is required to be submitted to bank before start of project work. Further it requires that appropriate monitoring and evaluation be carried to ensure achievement of project objectives.

6.3 Comparison between GoE legislations and WB OP 4.12 Prior to 2005, no specific legal framework existed relating to expropriation and compensation. In 2005, however, Proclamation No 455/2005 ‘Expropriation of Landholdings for Public Purposes and Payment of Compensation Proclamation’ was promulgated. This introduced a legal framework within which resettlement activities must be conducted, and brought Ethiopian legislation more in line with international best practice requirements. Despite this, there were still some differences between the national Ethiopian legislation and the World Bank Policy OP 4.12. These relate to the general principles for resettlement, eligibility criteria, the notification period for expropriation and resettlement, and the procedures required throughout the resettlement process.

The first main difference is that according to OP 4.12, resettlement should be avoided whenever possible, while national legislation states that ‘expropriation of land will be done when deemed necessary for public purposes’. The second difference relates to eligibility, that OP 4.12 entitles those who have formal rights, claims to land and no recognizable legal right, to compensation, while national legislation entitles only those who are ‘landholders’ with legal possession of the land and who own property thereon. Another key difference is the notification period required. National legislation requires that property must be handed over 90 days after compensation has been paid, while OP 4.12 requires that displacement must not occur before necessary measures for resettlement are in place. Table 6.1 sets out the differences between Ethiopian legislation and the World Bank OP 4.12.

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Table 6.1 – Comparison between Government of Ethiopia’s Legislation and World Bank’s OP 4.12 Theme World Bank OP 4.12 Ethiopian Legislation Comparison Policy Objective World Bank OP 4.12 has overall policy objectives, Proclamation No 455/2005 (Article 3(1)) gives power The World Bank requirement for avoidance or minimisation of requiring that: to Woreda urban administration to “expropriate rural involuntary resettlement is not written into Ethiopian  Involuntary resettlement should be avoided or urban landholdings for public purpose where it legislation. However, this is expected to be made clear in the wherever possible, or minimised, exploring all believes that it should be used for a better Regulations and Guidelines to be developed in association alternatives development…” This is supported by Article 51(5) with Proclamation No 455/2005. Proclamation No 455/2005  Resettlement programs should be and Article 40(8) of the 1995 Constitution. does not require consultation with displaced persons sustainable, include meaningful consultation Proclamation No 455/2005 (Article 7(5)) states that throughout the resettlement process, rather it only allows for with affected parties, and provide benefits to “the cost of removal, transportation and erection a complaints and grievance process. Also, although the affected parties shall be paid as compensation for a property that Proclamation No 455/2005 allows for some form of support  Displaced persons should assisted in could be relocated and continue its service as to the displaced persons, it does not explicitly state that improving livelihoods etc, or at least restoring before.” livelihoods should be restored to previous levels or them to previous levels improved. Eligibility for World Bank OP 4.12 gives eligibility to: Proclamation No 455/2005, Article 7(1) allows According to World Bank OP 4.12, eligibility for Compensation  those who have formal legal rights to ‘landholders’ to be eligible for compensation, where compensation is granted to all affected parties. Ethiopian land (including customary and traditional the term “landholder” (Article 2(3)) means ”an Legislation only grants compensation to those with lawful rights recognized under the laws of the individual, government or private organisation or possession of the land and, as per Proclamation No 456, country); any other organ which has legal personality and those with traditional possession i.e. on communal land. It  those who do not have formal legal rights has lawful possession over the land to be therefore does not recognize those without a legal right or to land at the time the census begins but expropriated and owns property situated thereon”. claim as eligible for compensation. It therefore does not have a claim to such land or assets Proclamation No 456/255; Article 6(1) accepts the recognize those without a legal right or claim as eligible for provided that such claims are recognized existence of communal land. compensation, but however such PAPs can be considered under the laws of the country or become as Conditionally Eligible till the time they go through a formal recognized through a process identified in process and clarifying their eligibility as per national the resettlement plan, but have a claim to guidelines. such land; and  those who do not have recognisable legal right or claim to the land

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Compensation OP 4.12 Article 6(a) requires that displaced Article 7 of Proclamation No 455/2005 entitles the The World Bank requirement for compensation and valuation persons are provided with prompt and effective landholder to compensation for the property on the of assets is that compensation and relocation must result in compensation at full replacement cost for losses of land on the basis of replacement cost; and the affected person having property and livelihood returned to assets attributable directly to the project. If physical permanent improvements to the land, equal to the them to at least equivalent standards as before. This is not relocation is an impact, displaced persons must be value of capital and labor expended. required in Ethiopian law. Rural landholders are not provided with assistance during relocation and Where property is on urban land, compensation compensated for rental housing during relocation. Provisions residential housing, housing sites and/or may not be less than constructing a single room of urban landholders is not directly relevant in this specific agricultural sites to at least equivalent standards as low-cost house as per the region in which it is sub-project the previous site. Replacement cost does not take located. It also requires that the cost of removal, depreciation into account. In terms of valuing transportation and erection will be paid as assets, if the residual of the asset being taken is compensation for a relocated property continuing its not economically viable, compensation and service as before. Valuation formulae are to be assistance must be provided as if the entire asset provided by regulations. had been taken. Valuation and With regard to land and structures, ‘replacement Article 8 of Proclamation No 455/2005 allows for Compensation according to the World Bank is broader and Amount of cost’ is defined as follows: For agricultural land it rural landholders whose landholdings have been ensures that all property and inputs to livelihoods are taken Displacement is the pre-project or pre-displacement, whichever permanently expropriated to be paid compensation into account, including the costs associated with developing Compensation is higher, market value of land of equal productive according to Article 7 (above), as well as new livelihoods to the same standards or better. potential or use located in vicinity of the affected displacement compensation equivalent to ten times Ethiopian legislation relating to rural landholders is relatively land, plus the cost of preparing the land to levels the annual average secured during the five years fair, and will be expanded upon by the regulations to be similar to those of the affected land, plus the cost preceding the expropriation of land. Where the promulgated. Provisions of urban landholders is not directly of any registration and transfer taxes. landholding has been provisionally expropriated, relevant in this specific sub-project For land in urban areas, it is the pre-displacement the annual average income shall also be applied, market value of land of equal size and use, with but only until possession of the land, but not similar or improved public infrastructure facilities exceeding 10 years. If equivalent substitute land is and services, and located in the vicinity of the available, this shall equal the average annual affected land, plus the cost of any registration and income. transfer taxes. Article 9 requires that the valuation of property is For houses and other structures, it is the market carried out by a certified private or public institution cost of the materials to build a replacement or private consultant as per the valuation formulae structure with an area and quality similar to or as mentioned above. Until these regulations are better than those of the affected structure, plus promulgated, a Valuation Committee will undertake the cost of transporting building materials to the the task. The committee must be made up of construction site, plus the cost of any labour and experts with relevant qualifications. This must be contractors’ fees, plus the cost of any registration designated by the Woreda Administration. A and transfer taxes. specialized committee of experts may also be set up separately if required. (Committee procedures

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will be determined by directives). Notification OP4.12 requires that the resettlement activities Article 4 of Proclamation No 455/2005 requires The proclamation, by any means, does not allow Period/Timing of associated with a subproject are linked to the notification in writing, with details of timing and expropriation of land before compensation is paid. It Displacement implementation of the EIDP programme to ensure compensation, which cannot be less than 90 days requires the holder to hand over the land within 90 days that displacement or restriction of access does not from notification. It requires that land should be from the date of payment of compensation. If he refuses to occur before necessary measures for resettlement handed over within 90 days of payment of receive the payment, from the date of deposit of the are in place. In particular, taking of land and compensation should the leaseholder accept compensation in a blocked bank account in the name of the related assets may take place only after payment. If there is no crop or other property on the woreda administration as may be appropriate. Howevver it compensation has been paid, and, where land, it must be handed over within 30 days of does not specify necessary measures for resettlement have applicable resettlement sites and moving notice of expropriation. It further gives power to taken place, such as alternative relocation site, etc. This can allowances have been provided to displaced seize the land through police force should the have serious consequences for those affected, as they may persons. landholder be unwilling to hand over the land. be displaced without shelter or livelihood. Hence the scheduling of activities need to be incorporated in the RAP Responsibilities According to OP 4.12 (including Articles 14 and Article 5 of Proclamation No 455/2005 sets out the The process required for the project proponent/ of the Project 18), the borrower is responsible for conducting a responsibilities of the implementing agency, implementing agency is very much less according to Proponent census and preparing, implementing, and requiring them to gather data on the land needed Ethiopian Legislation. This does not require the monitoring the appropriate resettlement and the works, and to send these to the appropriate implementing agency to undergo a planning process (e.g. instrument. Article 24 states that the borrower is officials for permission. It also requires them to pay RAP) or a certain process for implementation, and for also responsible for an adequate monitoring and compensation to affected landholders. monitoring and evaluating whether the resettlement has evaluation instrument. In addition, upon been successful. Hence needs to be incorporated/planned completion of the project, the borrower must for this sub-project. undertake an assessment to determine whether the objectives of the resettlement instrument have been achieved. This must all be done according to the requirements of OP 4.12. that requires that the borrower informs potentially displaced persons at an early stage about the resettlement aspects of the project and takes their views into account in project design.

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From the above, the key operational differences relate to i) eligibility of PAP and ii) notification regarding displacement. The RAP takes cognizance of these two aspects and provides for compensation for affected persons as identified in the asset inventory survey and also the notification regarding displacement.

Eligibility: With consideration given to World Bank policy, for this RAP project eligibility has been determined primarily through applying national legislation, in consultation with the Client and other stakeholders, including BOEPLAU and local government administration. Eligibility was defined in terms of declaring the legal status or relationship of each PAP to land and/or properties on the land. a) Eligible PAPs are those PAPs, with clear possession of land in the land holding book and therefore are fully eligible for all compensation and rehabilitation measures; b) Conditionally eligible PAPs are those PAPs who at the time of verification and preparation of RAP document were having the following:  wrong certificate number is indicated or is missing all together. This should first be checked before payment.  Name (given, paternal or grandfather name) doubtful.  Not issued with landholding certificate yet.

The persons in the conditionally eligible category shall go through the formal process of clarifying their eligibility as per national guidelines and consistent with OP 4.12 and be categorized as eligible upon meeting requirements. Then they too shall be entitled to all compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation measures and the process for same would be completed before commencement of compensation payments.

6.4 Resettlement Policy Framework The RPF for ENIDP has been formulated on basis of GoE legislations and also on World Bank’s OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement. It is based on the basic principle that resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploring all possible alternatives for project design. Where resettlement cannot be avoided, measures shall be taken to ensure that displaced persons are effectively consulted and have opportunities to take part in the planning and implementation of the programs. In addition, displaced persons will be assisted and adequately compensated such that their livelihoods and standards of living are improved or at least restored to previous levels. This will relate to all people directly affected by the ENIDP subprojects, due to the involuntary taking of land and other assets. Measures to address resettlement shall ensure that project affected peoples are informed about their options and rights pertaining to resettlement, included in the consultation process and given the opportunity to participate in the selection of technically and economically feasible alternatives. They will also be provided prompt and effective compensation at full replacement cost for losses of assets and access attributable to the subproject(s).

The entitlement provisions listed below in Table 6.2 for Reservoir project are based upon RPF prepared for the entire ENIDP project and substantively address the minimum requirements as per the agreed Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) that was approved by the World Bank in 2007 and disclosed at Bank’s Infoshop.

Table 6.2 – Entitlement framework Category of Unit of Type of Details of Entitlement Loss Entitlement Entitlement Permanent Loss Titleholder/ Displacement a) shall be paid for the loss equivalent to ten times the of Land household compensation for average annual income s/he secured during the five (All eligible and ten years years preceding the expropriation of the land. Where the conditionally + land is used to grow perennial crops, the average annual eligible31 Income yield is multiplied by the number of years required to persons) generation attain the level of growth of the perennial crops. support b) Additionally, compensation is given for the labour

31 but subsequently certified vide the formal process of certification as per Ethiopian regulations but prior to commencement of compensation payments

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Table 6.2 – Entitlement framework Category of Unit of Type of Details of Entitlement Loss Entitlement Entitlement measures as per required to replant the crops/ to prepare the replacement preference in land at prevailing market rates case of loss of c) Compensation shall be determined by computing the livelihood/income machinery, material and labour costs incurred for clearing, leveling and terracing the land, including the costs of a water reservoir and other agricultural infrastructural works d) The labour cost for preparing replacement land is calculated on what it would cost a farmer to clear and create replacement land. This value is based on adding together the average costs of clearing, plowing, sowing, weeding twice, and harvesting the crop e) Labour costs will be paid in Ethiopian Birr at the prevailing market rates as per activity. Kebele Displacement f) shall be paid for the loss equivalent to ten times the administration compensation for average annual income secured during the five years ten years preceding the expropriation of the land. Where the land is used to grow perennial crops, the average annual yield is multiplied by the number of years required to attain the level of growth of the perennial crops Temporary Loss Titleholder, Compensation  Compensation for loss of income based on the average of Land household annual income secured during the five years preceding (All eligible and the expropriation of the land until repossession of land; conditionally but not exceeding ten times the average annual income eligible persons) secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land;  Compensation will be paid for the number of years the Kebele landholder will not be in possession of the land. administration  The clearing body is obliged to undertake rehabilitation and environmental protection works so that the land can render its previous service to the holder at the time of its return. Fully impacted Titleholder, Replacement a) In case of fully impacted residential structure, having house and other household compensation other residential structure and alternate plot to resettle in structures (replacing or the vicinity: (kitchen, toilet, rebuilding The amount shall be determined on the basis of replacement cattle shed) structures on cost of the property. The amount of compensation is substitute determined on the basis of the current cost (including material replacement land and labour costs) per square meter or unit for constructing a OR comparable building. In addition, cost of permanent shift to identified improvement on the land is taken into consideration. The resettlement site compensation includes:  The current cost for constructing floor tiles of the compound, septic tank and other structures attached to the building; and  The estimated cost for demolishing, lifting, reconstructing, installing and connecting utility lines of the building.  The owner of a building shall have the right to claim compensation for the entire building by surrendering the total land in his possession where part of the building is ordered to be removed.  Compensation shall be paid only for the demolished part of a building where the owner prefers to use the unwanted part of the land.  If property can be relocated compensation is equivalent to the cost of removal, transportation and erection. The

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Table 6.2 – Entitlement framework Category of Unit of Type of Details of Entitlement Loss Entitlement Entitlement material, labour, administrative and other expenses are taken into account.  Owners should be allowed to salvage material from the site even if it is compensated for.  Additional supervision support shall be given by the Woreda engineer in reconstruction of residential structures  Vulnerable PAPs shall be supported in relocation (in kind) from original site to the resettlement site b) In case of fully impacted residential structure, having no other residential structure or alternate plot to resettle in the vicinity  opting to shift to urban areas shall be provided with o plots (200 sq.mtrs) at the resettlement site in Debre-Tabor while Ebinat Woreda displaced persons would be provided with plots (250 sq.mtrs) in Ebinat Woreda town centre, free of charge. Permanent holdinng certificates shall be provided by the Woredas for these plots. o Resettlement sites will be equipped/ provided with basic services such as provision of water, electricity, improved access roads. They should be in proximity to social service institutions such as schools, health post/centre and availability of water o Vulnerable PAPs would be supported in relocation (in kind) from original site to the alternate site  opting to shift to communal land resettlement site would be provided with o plots (500 sq.mtrs) at the resettlement site o would be in proximity to social service institutions such as schools, health post/centre and availability of water o Temporary land certificates shall be provided by the Woredas for these plots Owners should be allowed to salvage material from the site even if it is compensated for. o Additional supervision support shall be given by the Woreda engineer in reconstruction of residential structures o Vulnerable PAPs would be supported in relocation (in kind) from original site to the alternate site Loss of eligible PAP  preference in work opportunities with dam construction livelihood/.income works (if still in the area)  alternate land or non-land based income generation activities; including training, based on preference and skill assessment by a professional service provider; and support will be delivered for a period at least upto to 5 years;  Economic Rehabilitation Grant (ETB 10000 i.e. MAW ETB 65 x 25 days/month x 6 months) shall be payable in three installements to be released as per terms to those with balance landholdings of less than 2 kadas;  Training Grant of ETB 500 for other PAPs but payable directly to the Training Agency

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Table 6.2 – Entitlement framework Category of Unit of Type of Details of Entitlement Loss Entitlement Entitlement Fences Structure owner, Replacement Compensation shall be included in buildings and shall be Family compensation determined by calculating the current cost per square meter or included in the unit cost required for constructing a similar fence. buildings Perennial Crops Titleholder, Compensation  compensation for unripe perennial crops shall be (mango, coffee, landholder, as per directive determined by calculating the estimated cost for growing gesho ) Family the plants.  Cost of permanent improvement on the land will also be taken into account.  The amount of compensation for ripe perennial crops shall be determined on the basis of the average annual yield, the current market price of the crops and the cost of permanent improvement on land Subsistence Titleholder, Compensation  Cost of permanent improvement on the land will also be crops (Teff, Family as per directive taken into account. Maize, Wheat)  The highest value of the previous year, corrected for inflation is taken to determine compensation for subsistence crops. Fruit Crops Titleholder, , Compensation  For standing crops at the time of Project (Trees) Family as per directive implementation, annual crops shall be based on the current market price of the estimated production that could have been harvested from the damaged crop  Valuation of ripe crops (trees): productivity of last 5 years averaged and multiplied for 10 years. Unripe crops: Labor and material cost to bring about the tree to that level plus cost for permanent improvement to the land.  The owner of trees may, in lieu of compensation, cut and collect the trees within the period fixed by law. Protected Grass Individual Compensation  compensation determined on the basis of the landholders as per directives productivity of the land and the current market price of the grass per square meter. The owner of protected grass may, in lieu of compensation, cut and gather the grass within the period fixed by law Losses faced by Titleholder , Additional Vulnerable households shall be given: Vulnerable Family support  plot at advantageous location in the resettlement site that households measures is located closest to social service institutions,  would be supported in relocation (in kind) from original site to the alternate site  additional support in the form of design, labor to reconstruct their houses;  enrollment in food security program;and  preference (to other able bodied membess in the household) in work opportunities with dam construction works (if still in the area) Communal communal land Displacement Equivalent to ten times the average annual income secured Protected Grass holders Compensation during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land; or Grazing Land fodder development program, For accidental Titleholder, Compensation Any loss of or damage to crop on unaffected parcel of the PAP loss or damage to family or adjacent plot holders (Non-PAP), due to diversion of river crops or any Kebele water for dam construction purpose, will be reported to the Common Grievance committee that is operational for appropriate inquiry property resource and assessment. If found genuine, it shall recommend (CPR) during commensurate payment as per applicable rates for the construction damaged crop to the affected person. Incase of CPR,

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Table 6.2 – Entitlement framework Category of Unit of Type of Details of Entitlement Loss Entitlement Entitlement compensate the kebele by replacing the asset. for temporary Titleholder, Compensation in case there are new areas are required and identified land take for family outside the zone on a temporary basis, a contractual quarry sites, kebele agreement (in written) between the PAP and Contractor for borrow pits for the said period dam construction Any Other Titleholder, Compensation Unforeseen impacts should be documented and mitigative Impacts related to family measures have to be proposed within the overall principles & loss of assets/ provisions of RPF livelihood not identified at this stage

Calculation of compensation is the same which is presented as follows.

Nature of Compensation Calculation of Compensation Compensation for house/store/ barn and other The current construction cost (material + labour + financial cost) + works costs for permanent improvement of the land (clearing + land leveling + stone clearing + other land developments) + refund for the remaining lease period (for a leased land) Compensation for crops [Size of Meher land (in ha) x productivity per ha x market price of the crop (Birr/ quintal)] + costs for permanent land improvement + [size of Belg land (in ha x productivity per ha x market price of the crop (Birr/ quintal )(for only Belg growers)] + [irrigation development compensation will be paid only to landholders that produce twice and more in a year.] Compensation for young permanent crops that [No. of crops(legs) x estimated labour and material cost for each haven’t started giving yield. crop] + cost for permanent land improvement Compensation for permanent plantation which [The annual production of a plantation (in Kg) x the current market started yield price of the permanent plantation x the number of trees per ha x ha] + cost for the permanent improvement of the land. Compensation for trees other than eucalyptus [The type of tree for instance acacia (large No. of trees x unit price) + (medium No. of trees x unit price) + (small No. of trees x unit price)] + [if tree is Wanza (large No. of trees x unit price) + (medium No. of trees x unit price) + (small No. of trees x unit price)] + … Compensation for Eucalyptus or similar tree (No. of beam x unit price) + (No. of ridges x unit price) + (No. of poles planted for firewood or construction x unit price) + (No. of bunches x unit price) + (No. of transferred and grown seedling x unit price) + (No. of roots x unit price) Compensation for removable property/structures Cost for removing the property + transport cost + re-plantation cost (i.e replacement cost for structures – the amount of resources needed to construct new structure similar in type and size is considered and translated into money. During computation local prices where the original structure existed is considered).

Mitigation measures and the applicable processes for compensation, relocation and approach to livelihood and income restoration are detailed in Chapters 7 & 8.

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CHAPTER 7 – MITIGATION MEASURES AND PROCESSES

The overall objective of RAP is to ensure that PAPs are not worse off than before and on the contrary, actually benefit from the project. Resettlement and Livelihood and Income Restoration of PAHs who have lost their key economic asset in part or in full require comprehensive planning and effective implementation in order to address the key impoverishment risks that shall invariably be an outcome of land expropriation. The risks will be:  Landlessness: expropriation of land takes away their key economic asset and the main source of income and livelihood;  Homelessness: loss of housing takes away a secure feeling of a shelter;  Marginalization: having known only farming and land based activities, lack of land as an asset particularly for PAHs rendered landless or with minor balance landholdings, will mean lowering of their social status within their community. Further their lack of other skills, knowledge on how to react to such situations could enhance the feeling of lack of worth;  Food insecurity: Farming practiced by these farmers had all along ensured food for the family members. Post land expropriation, though given full displacement compensation, PAPs shall experience a sense of food insecurity;  Increased morbidity and mortality: Continued presence near large body of reservoir water leading to increase in vector borne diseases is another risk. Additional unsafe water supply, particularly at relocation sites and stress could impact PAHs, particularly those vulnerable;  Social disarticulation: relocation from original habitation to another location, leaving support systems behind, having to adjust to host community shall be a challenge unless the resettlement is in close proximity or if PAHs chose to resettle with other relatives, friends, etc.

Hence in order to achieve the RAP objective a development package is proposed that takes cognizance of these risks and appropriately lays down the income restoration measures to be within a definite time period. Figure 7.1 presents a schematic representation of the same.

Impoverishment risk Actions to address the risk Landlessness land related rehabilitation to the extent possible with adequate support measures, by identifying other lands

Homelessness Ensuring a shelter/home at the resettlement sites preferred Marginalization Provision of: Knowledge through information dissemination and consultation (for PAPs and wider kebele community) and requisite skills to PAHs Food insecurity Enrolment in existing government programs or provision of food for a mutually agreed period

Increased morbidity and Appropriate measures targeted at PAPs as well as the rest of the mortality community – indirectly affected community

Social disarticulation Appropriate planning when counselling and effective monitoring and redressal of grievances

Figure 7.1 – Project induced risks and potential actions32

32 Source: Micheal Cernea’s Impoverishment Risks, Risk Management, and Reconstruction Model

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The chapter presents the impact mitigation strategy and details the specific mitigation measures for impacts experienced by PAHs and the kebele communities. It then presents the preferences of relocation as indicated by the PAHs, followed by the relocation plan that includes an assessment of the identified resettlement sites, process for planning and allotment of resettlement sites and dismantling and relocation. It concludes by presenting the process of compensation and land handing over and key measures such as Training and preparation of RAP database for RAP implementation.

7.1 Impact Mitigation Strategy Devising the mitigation strategy for the directly and indirectly affected PAHs is further compounded by the low level of literacy of PAHs and their limited exposure to non-farming activities. Therefore to address this challenge the strategy aims to cover both – those directly affected PAPs who have lost their assets in the reservoir zone and those communities (non PAHs of these project affected kebeles), who would be affected by the reservoir. For the directly impacted PAPs the project would support them to be able to move out, stabilize and to prosper. For those affected the project would take all necessary mitigation measures and monitor the same. Specifically the strategy will be to:  Compensate at replacement cost for all impacted assets,  Ensure basic requirements such food, water, medical facilities and shelter in the period of rehabilitation;  Provide sustained support to PAHs for a long period (at least five years) in their rebuilding and re- establishing livelihoods and incomes;  Communicate in a sustained manner at all levels and to minimize dissent, suspicion or grievances;  Effectively implement the RAP by engaging and/or contracting individuals/institutions with requisite capacities to carry out assigned tasks and roles; and  Effectively monitor and evaluate RAP implementation and achievement of intended outcomes and overall RAP objective.

The strategy segregated by individual PAHs and communities, is given below:

For PAPs i. Compensate at replacement cost for assets; ii. Assist in shifting either in kind (logistics support) or cash iii. Relocate and resettle physically displaced to resettlement sites that are made ready and equipped with basic facilities for those PAHs requiring relocation; iv. Provide Training and Economic rehabilitation support for income restoration (including provision of short term work opportunities within the project) commensurate to the type of loss and as per preference; v. Avail exist government schemes such as enrolment in food security to address this very risk of food insecurity; vi. Provide dedicated support by Income Restoration implementation agency for period of at least five years to restore livelihoods.

For kebele/community vii. Carry out measures to address kebele/community wide impacts as identified in Chapter 5 such as accidents, loss of access, temporary impacts or loss, health impacts e.g. Malaria, increase in HIV/Aids, provide necessary support to overcome loss of community resources such as grazing land, etc.

7.2 Impact mitigation measures Measures to mitigate impacts on individual PAHs, non-individuals (kebele, church, school, non-PAPs) and for kebele and host community are described below:

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7.2.1 Mitigation measures for individual PAHs c) for loss of crop production due to loss of land: Submergence of lands due to reservoir would result in expropriation of land on a permanent basis. Ethiopian government regulations do not provide for payment of compensation for land per se but for assets on land. As these PAHs have preferred to receive cash i.e. payment of permanent displacement compensation, compensation will be provided for loss of crop production for a period of 10 years at one time. The displacement compensation (10 years) is being paid for the income lost from the asset for the coming 10 years and therefore no additional amount is payable for this transition period i.e. period between loss of asset and effective restoration of livelihood. d) for loss of structures (residential including kitchens): Compensation for structures would be paid one- time to the PAH as per entitlement framework in the RPF (See Chapter 6). These payments will be made at replacement costs; and PAHs can dismantle these structures and salvage any structural material for reconstruction, even though these are already compensated for. Further as per preferences indicated in the previous section, 85 PAHs who have lost all land and their residential structure would be resettled to urban and communal lands in the two woredas. Additionally those required to shift to their own lands in the vicinity too would be supported in their relocation process. For details on the relocation plan, refer to Section 7.4. e) for loss of trees: Compensation for trees would be as follows:  For Eucalyptus, compensation would be paid at regenerative value of 2 and three time harvest considered in ten years; hence a single tree was multiplied by factor of 6, and  For Natural (or Indigenous) trees, compensation shall be estimated on the basis of the level of growth of the tree and the current local price per tree.

While the individuals will be compensated for the loss, a Tree nursery program would be implemented at the kebele level. Also to compensate for the loss of firewood, the program would plant twice as many (two fold) trees as lost due to the project in an area identified in consultation with the Kebele community at an identified area outside the reservoir zone. Woreda Agriculture Office will provide indigenous tree species to the kebele under the Safety Net program. The nursery would be taken care of female or other vulnerable PAPs on a payment basis. f) for loss of privately owned common grazing land: Compensation shall be paid for the loss of common grazing land in form of cash to the PAP for a total of ten years (to be paid one time). They shall be counselled for utilizing balance land for fodder development with better fodder seeds. g) for reduced food grains/food insecurity: As farming is mainly on a subsistence basis, the loss of land shall lead to reduce availability of food grains to PAPs thereby increasing the impoverishment risk of food security, particularly those losing all land and also physically displaced. Further one of the project woredas – Ebinat is chronically food insecure and is already a target Woreda under the Food Security Program. Hence vulnerable PAHs would be provided with food grains by enrolling them in the Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP). The provision would be monitored till food security situation is deemed satisfactory based on monitoring indicators. h) for the thirty nine (39) PAHs whose lands are already expropriated: During preparation of the RAP and due to exigencies of dam construction work, some parcels of land that lay within the reservoir zone were required for borrow areas. There are 17 PAHs in Medeb Gubda and 22 PAHs in Amestiya kebele with lands in the reservoir zone and affected by the dam construction. However their residential structures were not affected. Woreda authorities computed their compensation and following Region’s verification, approval and issuance of entitlement certificates, MoWE has already compensated these PAHs and expropriated part 26.505 ha of their total affected land totalling These PAHs too would be covered under the provisions of the RAP and the implementation efforts towards restoration of their livelihood would be specifically monitored. i) Support to vulnerable households: Vulnerable households, as other PAHs, shall experience same

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severity of impacts but their capability to restore and rehabilitate or improve their livelihoods to pre-project status is relatively lower. Hence they are in need of greater support and more focus in monitoring. Additional provisions for these households are listed below: o Preference in employment with the contractor as labour for able-bodied persons in the household; o enrolment in ongoing government programs as PSNP, food security programs for a longer period as necessary; o support in shifting in kind; o preference in allocation of plots at resettlement that is located closest to social service institutions, (if displaced and requiring relocation); o provision of design support and labour and in procurement of construction materials; and o additional counselling as required to enable them to avail of income restoration measures proposed;

7.2.2 Mitigation measures for impacts on kebele/community j) for loss of land owned by Kebele/Church: As the land loss is permanent, compensation for crops on land would be payable and therefore displacement compensation of ten years shall be paid to Kebele/Church, at one time. k) for loss of communal grazing land: Communal grazing land shall be reduced by the submergence by the reservoir. Compensation shall be paid in form of cash to all the four affected kebeles for a total of ten years (to be paid at one time). Further the following actions are proposed:  Kebele will use the compensation money by investing in upgrading and improve the nearest and other grazing lands available with the kebele and by sensitizing people who own land to develop more intensive livestock techniques based on integrated crop livestock systems that do not rely on grazing land. It will reduce the load on communal grazing gland and result in a positive impact on cattle owners including those who have no remaining land. Kebele land use expert would take support from the Woreda in the activity.  Also, counseling will be provided by the agricultural extension office of the Woreda to the kebeles and the Contracted Income Restoration agency to provide information on fattening, providing improved livestock breeds, trainings on bee-keeping with modern beehives, poultry production, and other income generation opportunities. This shall provide alternative means of livelihood for the landless and vulnerable groups who shall be impacted due to loss of communal grazing lands. (For more details on the livestock development, refer to ESMP).  Woreda administration shall diligently advise all kebele communities (PAPs or non-PAPs) to retain their livestock/poultry as they are economically productive assets – source of food, transportation for their pack carts and/or contributing to the domestic consumption expenses;  Develop a fodder development program along the lines being developed and implemented in and with support from Tana Beles project33 , if required;  for health of livestock, the project shall only facilitate administering veterinary service, vaccinations by provision of necessary logistics – transport etc. for such kebeles which are at present out of easy reach; and  Agencies with experience such as ORDA, ADA, etc. will be drawn in to provide expert advice and support. l) for loss or damage to crops or any Common property resource (CPR) during construction: Any loss of or damage to crop on unaffected parcel of the PAP or adjacent plot holders (Non-PAP), due to diversion of river water for dam construction purpose, will be reported to the Grievance committee that is operational. The Grievance Committee shall investigate the matter and if the loss is assessed to be genuine, it shall

33 also in Amhara region

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recommend commensurate payment as per applicable rates for the damaged crop to the affected person. In case of CPR, the project shall compensate the kebele by replacing the asset. m) for temporary land take for quarry sites, borrow pits for dam construction: Already all sites for quarry, borrow pits have been identified as part of the construction plan of the contractor. However, in case there are new areas are required on a temporary basis but are outside the zone in that case the Contractor shall bring it to the notice of the Woreda Project Implementation team (WPITs). Based on the period of requirement of these parcels, WPITs shall facilitate a contractual agreement (in written) between the PAP and Contractor for the said period. The agreement shall contain the following:  Size and location of the parcels on a map of the kebele;  Type of land (irrigated or un-irrigated);  Assets on land (at the time of taking of land);  Ownership of land based on the rural landholding book;  Duration for which the land shall be taken; and  Shape or form in which the land shall be returned back to the owner i.e. with appropriate clearance, as agreed between the Contractor and owner.

The WPITs shall make an assessment of parcels of land, carry out inventory of assets on land and compute compensation as per applicable rates for the period. The Contractor shall then deposit the amount with the Woreda Administration (WoFED) for WPIT to process the payment through the Ministry and pay the PAP. n) for loss of access and access to social service institutions: Communities of Jarashikra kebele shall be most affected due to formation of the reservoir. While they shall continue to have access to schools as it is located on the same side of the river and away from their reservoir boundary, their access to health post and town areas shall be cut off. Distance from nearby markets would remain about 12-15 km as before. To address this access issue, the project would provide for:  Provision of access boats: The project would provide two (2) local papyrus boats (Tanqua) to travel between Jarashikra and Medebgubda kebele. The cost of these Tanquas shall be borne by the project, while the responsibility of operation and maintenance shall lie with Kebele administration. The kebele administration can levy a nominal charge to transport passengers to cover O&M cost. Further its operation of these Tanquas shall be done by PAHs in the kebele and provide a supplemental income  Provision of one health post at Jara Shikra kebele: Project would provide a health centre at this kebele with at least two health extension workers trained from among the PAHs or other community members. The Health Post would comprise a Store, delivery room (2 beds), examination room (1 bed, 2 chairs, 1 table, dressing room (2 chairs 1 Table), reception room (10 chairs). It would facilitate the execution of mitigation measures plans relating to water borne diseases and HIV/Aids and STI, etc. Two PAHs can be trained to operate as Health Extension Workers. o) for accidents: By expropriation of land in the three (3) meter Buffer zone between the normal water level (1940 masl) and the maximum water level (1943 masl), plus an additional 0.5 meters till 1943 masl, the project has already ensure a clear demarcation. However, accidents could still take place. Additional measures to prevent accidents shall involve the following:  WPITs shall create awareness and counsel the kebele community regarding potential accidents such as falling of cattle or children into the reservoir. Repeat advice shall be given to the kebele community to ensure that children on their way to school or playing should keep a safe distance from the reservoir and in particular during the rainy season; and

 In addition to avoidance of free grazing for cattle, the Project will fence specific locations, where possible along the reservoir boundary. At other locations, kebeles would be advised to change the grazing areas wherein their cattle drink water and/or keep their cattle in an enclosure and provide fodder and water. Kebele land use expert along with Woreda institutions shall help lead the fodder development efforts and encourage “cut and carry system” and thereby minimize potential dangers for cattle.

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p) for Prevention of Malaria and other vector borne diseases: The project kebeles are areas with high malarial prevalence. Formation of the reservoir would aggravate the situation. Also based on discussions with Woreda health office, it was recorded that budget access to remotely located kebeles and community habits are constraints. National Malaria prevention strategic Plan is already operational in the area (See Box). The project shall adopt a two-pronged strategy, i.e. i) as per the National Malaria Prevention Strategic Plan Box 7.1 – National Strategic Plan for Malaria Prevention, Control and (designed at the regional level), it shall support the Elimination in Ethiopia, 2010-2015 states prevention program by engaging in Social mobilization by “Larval control through use of these using health extension workers selected and trained from larvicidal chemicals is of high use in areas of each kebele; and development activities such as water ii) engage in capacity building of these health offices with harvesting ponds, dams, irrigation canals, resources (staff and budget for transport/fuel) specifically road construction and other land development activities. The agriculture and targeted for these project affected kebeles to provide rural development sector is currently highly available measures. scaled-up its activities and it is expected that this will further expand in the next few years. Key activities shall be as follows: Therefore, the use of water for these development activities is huge and the risk i. Distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs): The National of creating mosquito breeding sites is Plans provides for equally high. The Large development projects are required to incorporate risk  Replacement of old ineffective LLINs with new free LLINs mitigation measures in pre project through the Health Extension Program (HEP) and through preparation, during implementation and post campaigns; project period.  Free distribution of LLINs to all rural malaria affected households that are still in need of LLINs (Catch – up);  free distribution of LLINs during emergencies;

Project shall provide at least 2 LLINs per Household for all households across the three kebeles. They would provide new nets (where not provided earlier or replace old nets); i. Indoor residual spraying (IRS): IRS, as a main component of Box 7.2 selective vector control, is also targeted to cover development The Health Extension Program educates, projects, and malaria-affected communities with low access to mobilizes and involves the community in all the health care system. Each kebele targeted for IRS will receive aspects and stages of malaria control and enough spray equipment for 4 spray operators and insecticides leads to increased ownership of the program. It is recognized that it is only at to cover all households to be sprayed as determined in the IRS community level that malaria elimination will plans. In the project areas, HEWs will be trained to oversee and be achieved. IEC/ BCC provides coordinate the spraying operation while the spray operators will information and skills to populations at risk be trained for five days to undertake spraying operations for 25 of malaria so that they can make informed days once a year. Spray operation activities are reported to the decisions and participate in malaria nearest health centre. According to the Farta Woreda health prevent ion, treatment, and control . In office, the activity of spray of anti-malaria medicines was particular, IEC/ BCC raises community awareness about the signs and symptoms constrained by lack of adequate budget. Project shall provide of malaria, encourages early treatment- necessary logistics support required by the Health Offices of both seeking behaviour and treatment Woredas. compliance and creates demand for and increases the utilization of mal aria services. i. Social Mobilization: Community empowerment and mobilization This is done through a variety of channels are central to malaria prevention and control. The existing social including mass media including mobilization program will continue with Health Extension interpersonal communication, participatory Workers, and distribution of IEC/BCC materials. Community communication (including community members shall select HEWs and community volunteers, and dialogue and social mobilization participate in LLIN distribution and IRS programs and themselves (particularly during distribution campaigns and emergencies).” National Strategic shall be involved in social mobilization and communication Plan for Malaria Prevention, Control and activities. Awareness campaigns will be conducted involving Elimination in Ethiopia, 2010-2015.

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community leaders and elders from affected kebeles through iddirs, consultations. The timing and frequency of these meetings needs to match with meetings with PAPs and also with events in the RAP implementation. These meetings shall: i) emphasize the importance of and appropriate usage of the LLINs i.e. for covering self and food; ii) attempt to involve community in environmental protection; and iii) support with the distribution of IEC/BCC materials

Implementation mechanism: As Women’s Affairs Department, Woreda Health offices and kebele level extension workers already work on these issues, no new implementation mechanism is required, except for provision of support in implementation efforts - provision of vehicle, fuel by the project. The project will also support with trainings as required, facilitate and coordinate meetings, etc. Representatives of the Women’s Affairs and Health Offices shall be included in the WPITs.

Monitoring: Careful recording of cases shall support the rigorous monitoring of the implementation measures. Indicators that include the outcome indicators listed in the National Plan are given below:  Number of households covered in provision of LLINs by year and segregated by kebeles;  Percent of households in malarious areas who own one LLIN per sleeping space;  Number of times IRS has been carried out in a year segregated by kebeles;  Number of households that appropriately use LLINs for ensuring protection from mosquitoes;  Number of meetings carried out during social mobilization initiative carried out in a year segregated by kebele;  Proportion of women who recognize LLIN and/or IRS as a malaria-prevention method;  Proportion of women who recognize fever as a symptom of malaria;  Proportion of women reporting exposure to IEC/BCC activities through the HEP;  Proportion of community members actively participating in malaria prevention and control activities;  Proportion of households within IRS-targeted Kebeles are protected by IRS in the past 12 months; and  Number of cases that have been reported to the grievance committee regarding non-provision and/or complaints relating to LLINs, IRS, or etc. q) for Prevention of HIV/AIDs and STI (Sexually Transmitted Infections) awareness plan: To achieve the overall goal and objective three major strategies have been identified in the National Plan 1. Expanding targeted Behavioural Change Communication that enable creation of a high level of comprehensive and protective knowledge, adoption of safe sexual behaviours, and bring transformation in relevant social norms among all segments of the community; 2. Reducing vulnerability of young people, women, orphans an vulnerable children and others to HIV; and 3. Increasing the availability and accessibility of the basic facility based HIV services and increase of prevention services.

Further the plan focuses on newly created development opportunities that can provide positive results in cases of HIV spread due to increased vulnerability and/or lack of access to prevention services. Hence strategies proposed are:  to reduce vulnerability of such persons by provision of vocation training and Economic rehabilitation support especially to underprivileged women to engage in income restoration activities and other alternatives;  Integrate safety net programs with HIV/Aids; and  Community conversation as a major strategy to address structural issues

There are a number of programs related to the prevention, care and support of HIV/AIDS that are already operational in the project area (Chapter 4 – Stakeholder Consultations).

For the Ribb Reservoir area, the project strategy shall be

i. provide support to enhancing implementation capacity; and ii. dove-tail/take support from existing NGOs such as MSH (Management Science for Health) that have the operational experience in provision of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) administration of measures;

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Key activities shall be as follows: iii. Community Mobilization: Awareness campaigns/community conversations under the social mobilization program shall use Health Extension Workers in distribution of Information Education Communication (IEC)/Behavioural Change Communication (BCC) materials. Further they shall involve community leaders and elders. The timing and frequency of these meetings should be such that participation by communities is maximized. The Project will support the distribution of IEC/BCC materials using all available implementation teams; iv. Support to implementation capacity: Provision of necessary vehicle, fuel and budget for distribution of condoms and ART will be ensured. Adequate supply and Targeted distribution of condoms to the most-at- risk population (particularly those resettling to urban centres), increasing knowledge on proper and consistent use through HEWs will be carried out; and v. support to vulnerable groups in particular for Income Generation Activities (IGA) as proposed in the income restoration section (See Chapter 8)

Implementation mechanism: As already Women’s Affairs department, Woreda Health offices and kebele level extension workers on these issues, no new implementation mechanism is required. The project shall provide support towards implementation capacity i.e. provision of vehicle, fuel, and other trainings, facilitation and coordination of meetings, etc.

Monitoring: Baseline figure shall be established34 by collecting the latest available figures on HIV/Aids, provision of ARTs, etc. from the Woreda Health offices. For this purpose, the Woreda health office would be provided the final list of PAHs including those physical displaced and requiring relocation as they are most vulnerable. Woreda health offices shall support the WPIT in verification of these PAHs as well as other households in the kebele and provide the WPIT, Region and MoWE with a baseline figure for internal monitoring. Once RAP implementation commences, measures shall be monitored to assess progress by the M&L office (RPCO) and Social Development Expert (Regional BoEPLAU) and undertake evaluation. Key indicators are listed below:  Number of meetings carried out during social mobilization initiative carried out in year segregated by kebele; and  Monitoring of timely provision of funds for administering of anti-HIV measures and evaluation of the administering of measures and their adequacy; r) Measures for sedimentation and downstream impact35: As suggested by the design report, the following measures shall be implemented under the ESMP for the project.

Water releases from the reservoirs will coincide with the supply plan and riparian flow. Regulating dam releases to partially replicate natural flooding regime and to help restore floodplain agriculture downstream particularly in particular cultivation in the downstream kebeles such as Addis Bete Kirstian and Wetemb which are not part of the project command area, will be the approach. Maintaining water requirement downstream for fisheries, provision of fish ladders, other fauna and flora, changes in water quality and protection of spawning are required (Refer to ESMP). s) Information dissemination for Consultation and Participation: For details refer to Chapter 13

7.3 Relocation Plan for displaced PAHs Ribb reservoir project shall lead to total submergence of land holdings, and of all assets on the land within affected zone. It therefore renders the restoring incomes and livelihoods of the PAHs to the pre-project levels a huge challenge. Formulation of a strategy required finding out the preferences of each affected PAP. Preferences for resettlement and rehabilitation depend on the following:

34 Despite numerous attempts with the Woreda health offices, data on the specific kebeles was not ready/available. Further gathering information during the vulnerability survey only led to unconfirmed details 35 Source: Ribb Dam Feasibility Study, Water Works Design and Supervision Enterprise in association with Tahal, 2007

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i) Information provided to communities on the project; ii) their perceptions of the project opportunities and resultant risks; iii) their current profession/existing skills; iv) peer preferences v) own vulnerabilities, etc.

Hence to record preferences and expectations of the PAPs, a Preference survey was undertaken between October 18 and November 21, 2012. Questionnaire for the preference survey was devised by SMEC and subsequently discussed and agreed with the officials of the Woreda, Region, Kebele and also World Bank prior to administering it (See Appendix 2.2 for Preference Survey Form). Meetings were held with kebele administration regarding the survey; Options and provisions/entitlements were explained to the PAPs, following which the survey was conducted in presence of the kebele administrator and the Kebele land use Expert. No specific time was given to PAPs to respond, though they had more than 5 days to respond after the consultation meetings. Details requested, options provided in survey and remarks are given below:

S.No. Detail on Options, Remarks 1. PAP Name - 2 Sex - 3 Age - 4 Village - 5 Total holding size (kada): based on the land holding book verified during public consultation 6 Affected holding size (Kada) based on the asset inventory survey 7 Balance holding size (kada): as per land holding book and asset inventory survey 8 % of loss: Affected/Total * 100 9 House affected? : if residential structure is affected 10 Resettlement Option Shifting to: a plot in urban resettlement area (200 sq.m or 250 sq.m as per norms) a plot in communal land in the kebele (500 sq. m) other unaffected land of his/her own other person’s land (Family, Relative, Rental, etc.) not required (houses not affected) 11 Preference for Income land based options: Crop production/Livestock Fattening/Dairy (Milk Restoration Production)/Poultry/ Beehives (Honey and Wax production)/ and Other, Specify non-land based options: Metal work/ Bamboo works/ Tailoring/Tannery/Petty trade/ Fishery/Other, Specify 12 Need Replacement land in As PAPs legally entitled to getting proportionate irrigable land in the command area Command Area that lies outside of their woreda, they were informed of their right and given a choice of either moving to command area or get permanent displacement compensation and income restoration support.

7.3.1 Findings of the preference survey on Relocation The preference survey covered 1013 PAHs i.e. Amisteya (372), Jarashikra (147) and Medebgubda (494). Findings with respect to Resettlement/Relocation Option are presented below.

Disbribution of PAHs in terms of option for resettlement Shifting to urban Shifting to Shifting to Shifting to Shifting not Not known/ Total Kebele resettlement communal other other person’s required confirmed/ area (200 or 250 land in the unaffected land (Family, (houses not common sq.m kebele (500 land of Relative, affected) land losers sq. m) his/her own Rental, ect) Jarashikra 29 2 106 1 9 0 147 Medebgubda 152 0 0 0 342 0 494 Amsteya 74 9 50 1 238 372

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Total 255 11 156 2 589 0 1013 % 25.17 1.09 15.40 0.20 58.14 0.00 100

 Number of PAHs who become o houseless (losing residential structure) and losing all land i.e. landless: 44 o houseless (losing residential structure) and having land less than or equal to 1 kada (0.25 acre): 9 o houseless and having land balance land less than 2 kada (0.5 acre): 13 o houseless and having land greater than two (2) kada: 19  No PAH was willing to shift to command area and thereby avail of the entitled proportionate irrigable plot of land in another woreda about 35 - 40 km away  Number of PAHs physically displaced: 85  Number of PAHs who prefer to shift to ‘project identified’ resettlement sites: 85  Breakup of PAHs requiring resettlement by kebele: o 50 from Medebgubda o 4 from Jarashikra, and o 31 from Amisteya  Amisteya has two sets of resettlers: of the 31 PAHs, 7 PAHs going to rural site and 24 PAPs going to Ebinat Woreda town centre  Number of PAPs willing to shift to urban area regardless of loss of structure: Amsteya (74),  No PAPs from Farta Woreda preferred to shift to the communal land resettlement site options that were also identified – two at Medebgubda kebele and one at Jarashikra kebele. The reason of Farta PAPs’ preferernce to shift to Debretabor town not communal grazing land was possessing a plot of land in Debretabor is very difficult in normal situation or even impossible as it prohibitively expensive for most persons. In addition Debretabour is a well-developed town in the area plus capital of the South Gondar Zone Administration. So, as the project was providing them land for free in Debretabor, they chose to decline communal land which has comparably no value (See Table 5.8 in Chapter 5).

For those losing structure everything (all land and house) and losing residential structures with some balance land and opting to shift to other sites, resettlements were identified. In Ebinat 2 urban sites and 1 Rural (Communal Land) site while in Farta Woreda only one urban site and no rural site was identified.

7.3.2 Assessment of the Resettlement sites As per the standard of the towns 200 sq. m area is provided for 54 PAHs in Debre Tabor town and 250 sq. m for 24 PAHs] in Ebinat town. Ebinat Woreda has identified two sites for residential purposes and Debre Tabor town identified one site. Further Ebinat Woreda identified a communal land site for giving 500 sq.mtr plots (as per norms for plots in rural areas) to 7 PAPs of Amisteya kebele within the kebele.

Ebinat Urban sites: Ebinat woreda town administration Residential site: Both sites are separated by approx. 300-400 meters and lie close to a water source. See Photo 7.1 below for photos of sites identified for residential purpose.

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Photo 7.1 – Photo of Resettlement Site 1 (above) and 2 (below) in Woreda town area

An assessment of the sites based on select criteria36 is presented in Table 7.1 below:

Table 7.1 – Assessment of Urban resettlement site for residential purpose at Ebinat Woreda Feature Site 1 details Site 2 details Location Site is within woreda town and is within 1 Site is within woreda town and is km of Woreda administration and other within 0.5 km of Woreda government offices. Identified site is to be administration and other included in the urban area. Also the site is government offices. Identified site in proximity to a water source is to be included in the urban area. Also the site is in proximity to a water source Size of area Approximately 3.6 ha (36000 sq.mtr); will Approximately 2.5 ha (25000 need to accommodate 14 households; Size sq.mtr); will need to accommodate of plot offered: 250 sq. mtrs /PAH 10 households; size of plot offered: 250 sq.mtrs/PAH Be as close as possible to the affected Distance between woreda town centre and Distance between woreda town areas (this criterion needs to be kebele is 12-13 km centre and kebele is 12-13 km balanced with the potential of these sites for sustainable economic activities); Be easily accessible via existing roads Connected by a gravel road but has semi- Connected by a gravel road but or capable of becoming so via grassy area leading to site. Inexpensive has semi-grassy area leading to construction of inexpensive, improvement to access road to site is site. Inexpensive improvement to economically feasible roads possible. Is about 150 meters from the main access road to site is possible. Is

36 Adapted from the Involuntary Resettlement Sourcebook, The World Bank, 2003

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Table 7.1 – Assessment of Urban resettlement site for residential purpose at Ebinat Woreda Feature Site 1 details Site 2 details (accessibility, not remoteness, is the woreda town gravel road about 250 meters from the main issue); woreda town gravel road Include no protected areas, classified Site is free common land Site is a green area used for forests, nature reserves, or entertainment for children playing, environmentally sensitive lands, such etc. as sloping terrain or shallow soils; Have an even and smooth topography Has sloping land towards the water source Is fairly even land with little sloping and no mountainous areas, rolling and has narrow deep cracks. Has drainage area towards the water source topography, or steep slopes; problem, Though requires removal black and has no cracks, requires cotton top soil, leveling of surface, etc. leveling of surface, etc Have, preferably, a low population Population density of woreda town 0.004 persons per sq.m. The town area has density, large holdings, and good potential for overall development potential for further development (areas already developed should be avoided, unless a market for land purchase is active). Proximity to social service institutions – the town area which has all these facilities schools, churches, markets Banks 2 Commercial Bank of Ethiopia; ASCI Schools 5 Primary (2); Preparatory (1); High (1); Vocational (1) Health 2 Health centre (1); Veterinary clinic (1) Health centre is facility upgraded with more beds to accommodate more patients; is at present well served with doctors and nursing care Types of Industry, Agriculture office, agro processing, construction, institutions social services by Sectors Church 3 All churches are within Woreda town Mosque 1 within Woreda town Bus station 1 Buses ply and connect to important town centers such as Bahir Dar, Gondar, Addis Zemen, Woreta and other towns Markets 1 General market and livestock markets are organized on a weekly basis on saturday wherein people from nearby Zeha kebele also visit Connectivity Mobile and telephone (fixed lines) are operational with (Telephone) moderate quality in connectivity Source: SMEC Survey, 2012

Photo 7.2 – Bank (L) and WoARD office (R) in Ebinat Woreda Town Centre Source: SMEC, June, 2012

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These identified sites have been finalized for relocation of affected persons. While one site shall accommodate 10 households, the other shall accommodate 14 households. See Appendix 7.1 for copy of letter from Ebinat Woreda (dated May 15, 2013).

Table 7.2 – Assessment of Communal land resettlement site for residential purpose, Amisteya kebele Feature Details Location Site is within Amisteya kebele and is in proximity to a water source Size of area Approximately 3497.5 (0.349 ha); will need to accommodate 7 households; Size of plot offered: 500 sq. mtrs /PAH as per norms for plots in rural areas Be as close as possible to the affected areas (this Distance between woreda town centre and kebele is 12-13 km criterion needs to be balanced with the potential of these sites for sustainable economic activities); Be easily accessible via existing roads or capable of Connected by a gravel road but has semi-grassy area leading to site. becoming so via construction of inexpensive, Inexpensive improvement to access road to site is possible. economically feasible roads (accessibility, not remoteness, is the issue); Include no protected areas, classified forests, nature Site is free communal land with no specific activity other than reserves, or environmentally sensitive lands, such as occasional grazing sloping terrain or shallow soils; Have an even and smooth topography and no uneven land requiring levelling. mountainous areas, rolling topography, or steep slopes; Have, preferably, a low population density, large population density is low holdings, and good potential for further development (areas already developed should be avoided, unless a market for land purchase is active). Proximity to social service institutions – schools, While the town area which has all these facilities churches, markets Schools 1 Primary (2); Preparatory (1); High (1); Vocational (1) Health 1 Health post (1) facility Church 7 within kebele Other Police office (1), Social court (1), Kebele security facilities office (1), Cooperative office (1), Farmers training and agriculture office (1) Mosque 1 within Kebele Bus station 1 Buses ply from Addis Zemen town to Ebinat Town and Zeha kebele Markets 1 In Ebinat Town where General market and livestock markets are organized on a weekly basis on saturday wherein people from nearby Zeha kebele also visit Connectivity Mobile and telephone (fixed lines) are operational (Telephone) with poor to moderate quality in connectivity Source: SMEC Survey, 2012

The identified site has been finalized for relocation of 7 affected PAHs. See Appendix 7.2 for copy of letter from Ebinat Woreda (dated October 1, 2013).

Table 7.3 – Assessment of resettlement site for residential purpose at Debre Tabor Town Features Details Location Site is located within the town expansion area. Within 2-3 km of Woreda administration and other government offices. Identified site is included in the urban area.

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Table 7.3 – Assessment of resettlement site for residential purpose at Debre Tabor Town Features Details Town Area (sq.km) 110.88 Population (no.) 68,318 Size of area Approximately 1.5 to 2 ha (15000 to 20000 sq.mtr); will need to accommodate 54 households; Size of plot offered: 200 sq. mtrs /PAPs as per town norms Be as close as possible to the affected Distance between woreda town centre and kebele is 13-15 km areas (this criterion needs to be balanced with the potential of these sites for sustainable economic activities); Be easily accessible via existing roads Connected by a property city road. Site is located within the town expansion area. or capable of becoming so via construction of inexpensive, economically feasible roads (accessibility, not remoteness, is the issue); Include no protected areas, classified No protected areas, etc. Some new residents have recently built houses and forests, nature reserves, or more are coming up in the vicinity. environmentally sensitive lands, such as sloping terrain or shallow soils; Have an even and smooth topography Has slight uneven land and requires leveling and no mountainous areas, rolling topography, or steep slopes; Have, preferably, a low population Population density of town 616.2 persons per sq.km. The town area has potential density, large holdings, and good for overall development potential for further development (areas already developed should be avoided, unless a market for land purchase is active). Proximity to social service institutions – the town area has all these facilities schools, churches, markets Banks 5 to 6 Commercial Bank of Ethiopia; Bank of Ethiopia, National Bank of Ethiopia, Bank of Abyssinia, etc. Schools/ 7 Debre Tabor University, Tewodros II Secondary University School Primary (2); Preparatory (1); High (2); Vocational (1) Health facility 3-4 Health centre (1); Veterinary clinic (1) Health centre is upgraded with more beds to accommodate more patients; is at present well served with doctors and nursing care Types of Industry, Agriculture office, agro processing, institutions by construction, social services; major market for all Sectors commodities and trade, petty shops, shops for metal and bamboo furniture Bus station/ 2 Buses ply and connect to important town centers such as Bahir Dar, Gondar, Addis Zemen, Woreta and other towns; Also is served by an airport Markets 1 General markets and special flea markets on specific days Government all All government departments – OoEPLAU, Urban, offices Trade and Transport, Rural and Agricultural Extension, Municipality Administration Connectivity Mobile and telephone (fixed lines) are operational (Telephone) with moderate quality in connectivity Source: SMEC Survey, 2012

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Photo 7.3 – Resettlement site at Debre Tabor town, Farta Woreda

The identified site has been finalized for relocation of 54 affected PAHs. See Appendix 7.1 for copy of letter from Debre Tabor Woreda (dated May 21, 2013)

Following the preference survey and identification of these sites, PAHs were informed of these identified sites and size of plot of land on offer at each site. Some of the PAHs have already visited these three sites, while others are familiar as they keep visiting town for some work or others. They reported satisfaction with the identified sites.

7.3.3 Planning of resettlement sites Information on a variety of infrastructure (relating to health, education, transport, drinking water, electrification and other civic amenities) was collected for assessment of these sites (as presented in earlier section). The number of PAPs requiring relocation had been ascertained from the Preference Survey.

Technical expertise i.e. urban planning/town planning experts shall be deployed to physically plan the Resettlement site at urban sites. While zonal mapping has been done for residential, industrial and commercial sectors already, following steps shall be required specifically for the resettlement site layout: i. Fixing the precise boundaries of the identified resettlement layout ii. Conducting a contour survey of the land using a convenient gradient iii. Noting special landmarks, drains, gullies and directions of slopes, etc. iv. Creating a layout map to scale for resettlement sites in Ebinat Woreda and at Debre Tabor (See Appendix 7.1) v. Residential area has been already demarcated as per requirement.

The following would be provided: i) Main road would be constructed connecting the resettlement site, ii) Internal roads/paths linking all the dwelling units; iii) Sewerage and Drainage facilities and iv) Drinking water facility for the occupants of the resettlement site. Typology of the houses to be constructed shall follow the existing urban norms in Ebinat and Farta woreda. The task of provision of basic infrastructure shall be executed by engineers, contractors, specialized agencies. It shall take about 4-6 months to complete creation of basic infrastructure in the resettlement site. Also involvement of PAHs is essential to ensure that they do not consider the process as being involuntary and are further aggrieved by this process PAHs will be shown these sites in advance. Vulnerable PAHs will be given preference in allotment of sites. A Relocation Committee comprising two representatives of the displaced PAHs of concerned kebele and also a couple of PAPs (including females) will be formed. Other members would include the Engineer, representatives

Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme – Final Report Page 72 Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project of the other departments such as Water supply, Electricity, besides members from the Woreda Administration. The purpose would be to provide a platform to the PAPs by which they can effectively communicate their concerns while planning and preparing the resettlement site. Materials necessary for construction purpose shall be procured locally or from nearby Addis Zemen/Woreta towns. Sequence of activities from layout planning to allotment of house plots and shifting of PAPs is as follows:

Stages in sequence Agencies responsible Time required (in months) Preparation of layout plan Town planner, Urban office (for layout), water supply, 0.5 Creation of Basic electricity departments 1.5 Infrastructure Allotment of sites* WPITs, Woreda Administration with supervisory support 0.5 from Regional BoEPLAU Construction of houses etc. PAPs 2.0 Shifting WPIT, PAPs 0.5 Total 5.0 * would be done in parallel

See Photo 7.3 for types of houses in Ebinat Town

House in Ebinat Woreda Residential unit in front (L) and Kitchen, Toilet and Shed etc. at back of house (R)

Photo 7.4 – Corrugated Iron Sheet for roof (L); Walls made of Mud, wood and straw (R) Source: SMEC, June, 2012

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The following would be provided: Main road would be constructed connecting the resettlement colony, ii) Internal roads/paths linking all the dwelling units; iii) Sewerage and Drainage facilities; and iv) Drinking water facility for the occupants of the resettlement colony. Detailed actual costs for the provision of water, electricity, improved access roads, and most importantly site preparation works have been estimated (See Chapter 11 – Budget Estimates)

7.3.4 Allotment process

House plots whether in rural or urban areas would be allotted by the following authorities: Resettlement site location Agency responsible Amisteya communal grazing land Ebinat Woreda Ebinat woreda town center Debre Tabor site (1) Zonal Administration, Farta Woreda Administration and Debre-Tabor Municipality

House plots in rural and urban areas shall be provided to PAHs free of charge. They are given for free and they will be given a permanent holding certificate. PAHs shall reconstruct their houses in communal grazing lands in rural areas with necessary support from WPITs. PAHs will be required to construct their houses by themselves.

7.3.5 Process of Dismantling and Relocation The notification of expropriation shall indicate the date by which the PAHs are required to dismantle their structures. The period between dismantling and salvaging of house materials and shifting to resettlement site should be least possible. Hence the date for dismantling should be a date after when the resettlement is ready with all assured amenities and sites have been allotted to the PAHs. The PAHs would be allowed to carry away with them all the movable items of their daily living like house construction materials, and personal belongings. Any delay in this regard is likely to: i) cause problems for safe storage of the personal belongings of these PAHs as they shall have no shelter after dismantling and ii) might require the project authorities to provide with interim or transit accommodation. Records will be kept of PAHs who would shift to which relocation. Also as there are some PAHs who prefer to move to other locations, they shall be provided with cash or transportation as preferred. Accordingly a list segregated by area to which they relocate would be prepared.

Details of relocation S.No. Name of List of members Sex Age Date of Name and Shifting Start Remarks the in the PAH shifting to Location of done by date/time kebele (beginning with resettlement the self or by and End name of PAP) site Resettlement R&R date/time site or area to which PAPs are shifting

Vulnerable PAHs, particularly females and old age (above 65 years) PAPs would be provided with extra care and support as necessary Shifting from locations where PAHs have been living for long period would be a difficult task. Hence prior to relocation process, the Woreda Relocation committee shall carry out/ confirm the following:

 besides consultation meetings to periodically update PAPs on the progress of preparatory works at resettlement site, the Relocation Committee shall hold a consultation meeting prior to shifting. The meeting shall cover aspects such as the time schedule, arrangements for shifting, provisions ready at site and also answer other questions;  new settlement site selected for the purpose is ready with necessary infrastructure;

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 ensure that PAHs have seen the resettlement site and preferably the exact plot/house that has been allotted;  PAHs have received all their dues, especially compensation money for the lost immovable property;  PAHs have packed their belongings and are in readiness to shift;  Animal driven carts for transportation (in-kind assistance) are ready;  Members of the Relocation Committee are appropriately oriented in the relocation committee and remain with the PAPs, particularly the vulnerable PAHs throughout the shifting process;  Woreda administration shall be requested to render assistance as and when necessary; and  the process of shifting process should be i) completed in minimum time possible and ii) avoided during rains

Since M&E on RAP implementation will focus on their post project status, the WPITs shall clearly instruct all the PAPs who are relocating to inform the Woreda administration if and when they shift again to another location.

7.3.6 Involvement of Host population It is to be noted provision of house and commercial plots whether in rural sites or in urban areas shall: i) reduce the available communal grazing land in rural areas; and ii) increase pressure of available civil amenities in urban areas

Further conflicts with host population are likely as there would lesser land. In case of resettlement site colonies these have to be developed for affected persons, but as these would create a sense of disproportionate distribution of economic resources in the host community, efforts should be made to distribute the additional resources as well.

Presently at the Communal land site, only a handful of households living around the area are accessing the communal grazing land. However these are grazing lands with very limited fodder for the cattle. Hence, improvements to these and other parcels of grazing land within the kebele will reduce pressure overall.

Presently, at Debre Tabor town site, few houses are present at the identified resettlement site in the Town expansion area. Basic infrastructure is already available and additional facilities would be provided as part of the site preparation works. Hence not much impact that requires planning and implementing of mitigation measures involving host population is expected. At Ebinat town the site is located in an area with relatively higher density and there are many houses, shops and government offices. Pressure on available water resources, used for washing, bathing might marginally increase. In both areas, impacts on host population are likely to increase if many PAHs are involved in the Petty Trade thereby increasing competition amongst those already established or already long operational. This would require appropriate counseling to the PAPs by the Contracted IR agency.

Hence, it is advisable to integrate the host community too in creation and maintenance of additional community resources vides involvement in consultations, group discussions. As part of the site preparation works, facilities if any identified for augmentation during consultations with host community will be augmented.

7.4 Process of compensation and handing over of land The MoWE, through BoEPLAU, will formally disclose compensation packages to the Entitled Person of PAHs and the kebeles. The WPIT, in collaboration with the Woreda Administration and assistance from Kebele administration will facilitate and impart knowledge to PAHs on:  how compensation would be paid;  assistance on how to receive compensation through bank operations (aiding PAHs without a bank account in opening one, if requested); and

Provision of Entitlement Certificate: An Entitlement Certificate containing details of the affected assets such as rain fed area, irrigated area, compensation for lost assets/property shall be prepared and provided to the PAHs

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(See Annexure 7.1 for Entitlement Agreement Form). In case of PAPs who are illiterate, WPIT shall assist the PAP in understanding the document. The Entitlement Certificate (in Amharic), shall be prepared and handed over to the PAP within the kebeles and also the Woreda administration offices. It shall contain the following details: o quantum of rain fed area in (ha), o quantum of irrigable area (ha), o amount of compensation for lost assets/property (in ETB), o allowances such as shifting allowance (in cash or in kind) as applicable (in ETB), o plot of land for reconstruction of house in resettlement site, if applicable (and house construction support for vulnerable PAHs) o support in form income restoration measures (farmer trainings, land based or non-land based income restoration activities); and o date by which the PAH must vacate the land or surrender rights to the property

Payment to Bank accounts: Once the Entitlement Certificate has been signed, MoWE will disburse compensation funds through WoFED offices in both woredas, in collaboration with regional BoEPLAU. All payments will be made directly to the bank accounts of the PAHs or by cheque37. Following payment, those PAHs who shall be impacted according to the construction schedule of the contractor will vacate their land as per dates indicated in the expropriation notice. Compensation payment will be made directly to the bank accounts of the PAHs or through cheques for the smaller payments. As the process to open a bank account at least costs ETB 50-60 (ETB 20-25 as the minimum account balance and ETB 20-30 towards cost of travel from kebele to town centre) the PAP might avoid opening an account if the compensation amount is too small. Hence it is recommended for amounts below a threshold of ETB 250, compensation and other allowance payments should be made in cash to the PAH. The process can be carried out in a public place in presence of members from kebele administration and other community members and photographed to ensure transparency and for documentation purposes.

Clearance of Landholding: The Woreda administration will facilitate evacuation of the land. Land holder shall hand over the land to the woreda administration within 90 days from the date of payment of compensation when permanent structures as houses and other valuable fixed assets exist on the expropriated land. Within this period of time the PAP expected to completely remove all valuable properties from the land, and demolish and reconstruct houses in new place. Where there is no valuable asset (no standing crop, perennial crop or other property) on the expropriated land, the holder shall hand over the land to the Woreda administration within thirty (30) days from the date of receipt of the expropriation order.

7.5 Training Programs Training programs would be developed for both PAHs and the implementing officials of various committees. While training programs for PAHs would be identified, developed and administered by the contracted income restoration agency, training programs for Officials are provided below: a) Training for PAHs: Entitled Person (or any other able bodied person as nominated) from PAHs shall be provided with trainings on financial literacy so that they can better manage their finances, particularly as they are likely take many new occupations or experience a period of uncertain income. A specific amount to each eligible PAP is provisioned for in the budget (See Chapter 11 for Budget Estimates). b) Training for Officials: Training programs shall be developed for and administered to the officials responsible for various tasks, by the Regional BoEPLAU. These will be specifically targeted to the officials of the Compensation, Grievance Redressal and Relocation committees. The Social Expert at the Regional BoEPLAU and MoWE too shall participate in the training programs: Key topics of the Training Programs by committee are presented below:

37 As per Memorandum of Understanding between ANRS and MoWE dated November 21, 2010

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Committee Key Topics Compensation Details of the compensation entitlements i.e. different rates applied for trees (eucalyptus, natural trees, indigenous trees); Preparation of entitlement certificates; Issuance of notification of expropriation Taking over of land after ensuring all compensated assets are duly collected by the land holder; and Provision of compensation payments in event of damage to crops due to i) dust and ii) access by Contractor for construction based on recommendations of the Grievance committees Relocation Committee Sites identified and facilities to be provided details of relocation plan including consultation plans with displaced persons and host community preparation of relocation plan and its execution reporting requirements to WPITs, MoWE, and Regional BoEPLAU Grievance committee Valuation guidelines applied in the computation of compensation for affected assets – Compensation Provision of compensation payments in event of damage to crops due to i) dust and ii) access by Contractor for construction Procedures to handle grievances, approach to investigating issues, usage of grievance redressal formats usage of traditional methods of grievance resolution at kebele level

7.6 Database of Information The Woreda OoEPLAUs maintain a computerised database of all information. These should be maintained on Kebele and Woreda level basis by development of a user-friendly software. It would contain all information acquired through the socio-economic survey, the census, and the inventory of assets, not only for affected households but also for affected communities and Kebeles. Such details would provide the baseline data for the monitoring and evaluation programme. The following details shall require to be maintained:  Details of affected persons by PAP ID and photograph  inventory of their affected assets38,  reported primary and secondary occupations and incomes  reported livestock holdings  reported preferences for relocation, skills and income generation options39  details of entitlements due to affected PAPs  payments – compensation amounts, other allowances – shifting,  provision of training, income generation options  provision of resettlement sites – plots and houses  movement or relocation of PAHs by date and place  Dates of land handing over,  amount of compensation received,  assistances received,

The database shall be valuable in maintaining baseline information on all the affected PAHs for subsequent monitoring and evaluation of the R&R programme. Further it should be able to generate reports on a monthly basis, quarterly basis and half-yearly basis and a comprehensive annual report by kebele and by Woreda. Besides qualitative reporting, these reports should contain quantitative reports in accordance with the Annual Action plan. A suggested template of these reports is given below as follows:  Introduction of the project and details of the R&R program;

38 Data shall be obtained from the census or property survey 39 Data shall be obtained from the PAP preference survey

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 Annual action plan  List of activities planned for the year;  Institutional details – Task carried out as per roles and responsibilities of each involved institution;  Description of process to be/being adopted;  Achievement of planned activities by month, quarter, half yearly and annually;  Issues raised during community meetings and FGD and responses offered;  Constraints/problems experienced if any; and  Tables on physical and financial achievements

Information for these would be gathered from the WPITs, RPCO, MoWE, Regional BoEPLAU and contracted Income Restoration Agency would feed into this database. All these reports should be submitted by the Woreda OoEPLAUs to the Regional BoEPALU for processing and forwarding as required to the Regional Project Coordinator Office (RPCO) for onward transmission to the NPCO and funding agencies. Further these reports and the database should so devised that is accessible to outside agencies such as External Evaluation consultants and implementing partner institutions such as NGOs, Development organizations, etc. for looking up information and generation of reports as required. Besides serving purpose of internal monitoring and Annual External Evaluation, it shall also serve the purpose of generating reports as required for World Bank supervision visits. Regional BoEPLAU level will maintain all the information as well.

7.7 Summary of Preferences The table provides a summary of preferences with respect to relocation and continuing of farming as an occupation.

Category Sub-Category Amisteya Jara Shikra Medebgubda PAPs who will Those who have balance land and prefer to 257 119 15 continue with farming remain in rural areas and continue farming (less than 1 Kada, between 1 and 2 Kada and more than 2 kada) Those who have lost all land and relocated to 19 1 0 rural sites (or other lands) PAPs who will do Those who have balance land in rural area but 15 25 13 farming and live in moved to urban sites ( less than 1 Kada, urban area between1-2 Kada, more than 2 Kada) PAPs who have Those who have lost all land and structures and 24 4 50 moved to urban area moved to urban sites

Another critical component of Impact mitigation strategy – Income Restoration is presented in next Chapter 8.

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CHAPTER 8 – INCOME AND LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION

8.1 Income Restoration Strategy The income restoration strategy is based on the preference survey, wherein no PAP from the reservoir has preferred to shift to Project Command area to avail of his/her entitlement to a parcel(s) of irrigable land. Instead they preferred cash compensation despite counseling by kebele administration and Regional BoEPLAU. Principles in the formulation of the income and livelihood restoration strategy are:  firstly, avoid the change in occupation to the extent possible; and  secondly, if unavoidable, provide PAHs with strong income restoration support for sustained period of time; and  thirdly, take cognizance of the changed context in terms of occupations for those PAPs who are relocating to urban sites i.e. address three different sets of PAPs o those with balance or no landholdings; o those with balance or no landholdings but prefer to remain in the kebeles; and o those relocating to urban areas.

Hence, the Strategy shall be to:  judiciously use compensation amount given by provision of effective counselling;  provide PAHs with a development package that has a mix of short-term measures (part time construction related work) i.e., along with long-term livelihood and income restoration measures i.e. Economic Rehabilitation Grant and sustainable income earning opportunities;  contract an agency(ies) with solid experience in developing business plans; and  effectively monitor and evaluate the strategy and actions for intended outcomes and revise as necessary on a timely basis

8.2 Judicious use of compensation and assistance amounts PAPs who are not used to handling large sums might squander away their compensation money. Hence judicious usage of compensation amount should be effectively planned and carefully implemented through appropriate guidance and counseling on investment options. Some suggested measures are: i) Invest in time deposit schemes: Following provision of entitlement certificate, most (if not all PAPs) would have bank accounts. Income Restoration Agency (ies) (and WPITs) should advise PAHs to invest in time deposit schemes offered by formal financial institutions as these are secure instruments for investment with guaranteed returns. They shall encourage them to invest the compensation in formal saving schemes e.g. time- deposit schemes even if the banks or credit institutions (Amhara Savings Credit Union) is far from their habitations, as opposed to exchanging money in institutions such as Iddirs. They should encourage even though they institutions might have more flexibility. Further if many members of the Iqub are affected – partially or fully the reservoir, then these institutions might themselves become fragile and non-functional. Amhara Credit and Savings Institution (ASCI), Commercial Bank of Ethiopia, Bank of Abyssinia, etc. operate in Ebinat Woreda town centres and Debre-Tabor Towns (Farta woreda). Given below are the rates of interest offered by ASCI for different periods: Deposit period Interest rate offered Current account 5% per annum 6 months 5.25% (for a minimum of 10,000 ETB 1 year 5.5% 1.5 year 6% More than 1.5 year 6.25% ii) buy another economic income generating asset: WPITs will advise PAHs to use at least part of their

Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme – Final Report Page 79 Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project compensation amount to buy another economic asset such as cattle, farm tools (for those PAHs with balance landholdings) or even take lands on rent if available. In this manner compensation amount would be used to contribute towards livelihood restoration. iii) rebuild or enhance house/structure: Even though it is not an economically productive measure, rebuilding or enhancing house or structure is way to utilize money productively. It could have potential returns, if during the operations phase of the dam, workers/staff are required to stay in close proximity. The rent accrued from such accommodation could augment incomes. iv) Provision of basic financial literacy: As many will be require to handle compensation cash as well as the project shall provide Basic financial literacy, techniques for development of plant nursery, fodder development, boat repair skills for reservoir boats (tanquas), fishing techniques, etc. project to all PAHs (or able bodied members of the household) and other trainings as required to help restore their income. Agencies with proven experience40 may be contracted for the same. Amount of ETB 500 as Training Grant is provisioned in RAP budget (See Chapter 10).

8.3 Short and Long term work opportunities with the Ribb Dam The section below discusses the current and future scenario in terms of work opportunities at the Ribb Dam. During Construction phase: During the last three years construction works of the Ribb Dam presented economic opportunities to persons living in areas surrounding the project. Construction contractor had and continues to give preference to persons from affected kebeles (Amisteya, Medebgubda, Zeha, Jara Shikra) for unskilled or semi-skilled work such as guards, daily labor, mason, bar vendors, mechanics, machine operator assists. The Contactor advertises the requirement at the notice board in the construction camp and also at Administration offices of these two Woredas. Already 1200 workers, including 400 female workers have been employed/ contracted at rates given below:  Unskilled: Minimum – ETB 25/day or Maximum - ETB 45-50/day (on an average)  Skilled: Minimum - ETB 60/day for masons, bar-vendors, machine operator assists, etc.

In addition all food for construction workers is procured from the local population, and from hotels in Addis Zemen town. As work on Ribb Dam is complete upto 59.45% (as in April, 2014), and proposed date of completion being June 30, 2015, the construction phase is expected to last for another 15 months i.e., work opportunities in the form of labor, canteen services would continue till this period. Based on recent41 discussions at the Dam contractor, the current pace of construction would require another 200-300 labor. Based on discussions with contractor, it is expected that other factors such as availability of materials, procurement shall influence progress and nature of construction works but the next 6-7 months are going to see construction at the peak level It would require another 200-300 labor. As done earlier, the Contractor would continue to advertise labor requirements at the Camp notice board as well as at kebele/Woreda offices. Project authorities would provide the contractor with a kebele list of PAHs. However in order to avoid any dissent or conflict between PAHs and non-PAHs, the Contractor would continue to give preference to persons from these kebeles than rather than any outsiders or specifically to PAHs.

During Operations phase: Though difficult to estimate the approximate number of persons required, the operations phase of the Ribb Dam shall bring work opportunities of a temporary as well as permanent nature such as:

 Petty contracts: PAPs shall be given preference in award of contracts for works such as: housekeeping i.e. cleaning, sanitation, electrical works, security guards, support services, etc.  Provision of work/employment: During operations, workers at different levels such as clerical, supervisor, data entry operator will be required. Hiring educated youth with necessary skills preferably from PAP families, rather than bring persons from outside, will be a key income restoration measure

40 Amhara Development Association (ADA) has prior experience of providing financial literacy in Koga Irrigation project 41 Current period is the stage of maximum stage of construction

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 Licenses for cafetaria services: Provision of licenses and engagement of workers to run cafetaria services inside project offices is an activity that could effectively engage women and other able bodied persons from vulnerable households; and  Hiring of light/heavy vehicles: Give preference to PAPs followed by community members from project affected kebeles, while engaging drivers for light vehicles. If PAPs have any light vehicles that could be used by the project then engage/contract.

While some functions would need permanent staff, others such as cleaners, drivers for contract vehicles shall be of a temporary nature. Following this, a roster would be prepared to ensure more persons (PAPs and non-PAPs) from affected kebeles are given work on a rotation basis as that would help manage large demands for few opportunities available. Provision of temporary and permanent work opportunities would be monitored and their impact on livelihood shall be evaluated periodically.

8.4 Income Restoration While both the above modes are critical components of income restoration, they also suffer from the following risks: i. Work opportunities may not be available to all PAHs and/or many PAHs may not be willing for construction works; ii. jobs post dam construction may require higher skills than presently available with PAHs. In other words re- skilling or new skill development would be essential; iii. compensation money in bank accounts even if significant as paid under displacement compensation rates may diminish fast despite its judicious usage particularly for those shifting to urban areas as both the cost of living (and construction of houses in urban area) is higher. It would mean that less money would be available than what is required to start a non-land based occupation; iv. while farmers with larger landholdings with two or more than 2 kada (0.5 ha) may experience marginal impacts, for others with smaller landholdings (less than two kada), displacement compensation will suffice to overcome only a short period for loss of crop production. In other words, for these PAPs  the balance landholdings will need to be farmed better and supplemented with either land or non-land based economic rehabilitation options; and  for those PAHs with no balance landholdings alternate livelihoods will have to be explored based on existing capabilities, indicated preferences and market potential.

From the preference survey and Kebele level disclosure events, balance land holdings of PAHs outside the reservoir zone were also confirmed. Table 8.1 - Distribution of PAHs in terms of balance landholdings Name of Landless Having balance land of Having balance land Having balance Total Kebele (losing 100% land) less or equal to 1 kada >1 and

 % of PAPs are losing 100% of their land: 13.03 % (135 PAHs)  % of the PAPs having balance land of less or equal to 1 kada: 271 (26.75% PAHs)  % of PAPs having balance land more than 1 kada and less than or equal to 2 kada: 24.38% (247 PAHs)  % of PAPs having balance land of more than 2 kada: 35.54% (360 PAHs)  Non-land based activities such as Bamboo works, Metal Works, Tannery, Tailoring, etc. were activities with negligible or zero preference activities – that indicates either their lack of awareness/exposure or preference to continue with familiar activities that may genuine or out of apprehensions.

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From Table 8.1, of the 1013 PAHs, 653 PAHs are having balance landholdings of less than 2 kada (0.5 ha). Further, findings of the Preference Survey specific to choice of income restoration were:  % of PAHs who indicated preference for Land based rehabilitation options: 65.05%  % of the PAHs who preferred crop production (among those who preferred land based rehabilitation): 88.16%  % of PAHs who preferred non-land based or mix of non-land options: 34.05%  % of PAHs who preferred Petty Trade (among those who opted for non-land or mixed): 60.17%  Non-land based activities such as Bamboo works, Metal Works, Tannery, Tailoring, etc. were activities with negligible or zero preference activities – that indicates either their lack of awareness/exposure or preference to continue with familiar activities that may genuine or out of apprehensions.  Fishery despite its obvious potential was totally missing  Skill levels are uniformly low in all three kebeles42

For Preference survey findings for each PAH see Appendix 8.1 in CD

As these PAPs (653 PAPs with no balance landholdings or less than 2 kadas or the balance PAPs) lack alternate skills other than farming their livelihood generation they requires solid income restoration support. While some have expressed preference to shift to urban areas, others have indicated their preference to continue staying in their respective kebeles. For all such PAPs, the following are proposed: a) An Economic Rehabilitation Grant (including Training Grant): to be released in instalments based on certain conditions; and b) Support from Income Restoration Agency with specialized skills and expertise in the area for a period of five years. It will carry out a market assessment study to assess potentials of different in land or non-land based economic activities trades, develop suitable business plans suit the occupational profile of PAPs and provide necessary forward and backward linkages

Details are presented below:

8.4.1 Economic Rehabilitation and Training Grant While judicious usage of compensation amounts and opportunities with Ribb Dam during construction and operation phase are available to all PAPs, the following specific measures are proposed for two categories of these PAPs with most impacts. a) whose balance landholdings is less than 2 kada (0.5 ha): an Economic Rehabilitation Grant of ETB 10000 shall payable (Minimum agricultural wage rates of ETB 65/day X 25 days /month X 6 months and inclusive of Training) The Contracted income restoration agency would be responsible to support the purchase of the asset. It and the Woreda level Livelihood Expert would be jointly responsible to assess the satisfactory completion of each of the above stages, including verification of receipts and authorize release the payment at the earliest. The Economic Rehabilitation Grant would be payable in 3 instalments in stages as prescribed below: Stage Details % of installment I upon satisfactory completion of training in the chosen income restoration scheme 10 II provision of receipts of purchase of economic asset (livestock for dairy, farm tools, 50 machinery for non-land based) within 3 months of training: II provision of proof of utilization (running condition of asset) and production of output: 40

. The terms laid in release of payments seeks to ensure:

42 Based on first preference survey conducted in May 2011

Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme – Final Report Page 82 Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project i) that the income restoration efforts goes beyond monetary terms for restoring livelihood and attempts to builds upon or improve the existing skills levels of the PAP; ii) that the PAP actively seeks support provided by Specialized Income Restoration Agency in the form of guidance on judicious usage, Training, and other forward and backward linkages (for details see Section 8.4.2 below) and better market reach; and iii) definitely invests in a productive economic asset that would help to sustain him or her and not squander away precious compensation money on extravagant non-productive expenditures. Further, in doing the above, PAH gives him/herself a better chance at livelihood and income restoration and therein other involved stakeholders a greater chance of providing him/her with maximum support. a) For other PAPs: a Training Grant of ETB 500 would be payable, besides support from the Income Restoration Agency. The WPITs will make the payment to the concerned Training Institute and not to the PAP. Both these grants would be for the eligible PAP. However, in case if s/he is unable (physically or due to old age), and then the amount would be transferable to any other able bodied member that the PAP nominates to avail of, in lieu.

8.4.2 Income Restoration Agency Ministry will contract an Income Restoration Agency(ies) that will be responsible for support to PAPs and also to community or kebele efforts specifically on improvements on grazing land. Specific, general and administrative tasks are listed below. The agency will be contracted for a period of five years. A. Specific Tasks Income Restoration programmes need to be designed with reference to the occupational profile of PAPs and also the prospective host communities/area. Restoration of livelihoods/income of PAPs in land or non-land based economic activities requires a gamut of measures to be devised and implemented. Backward and forward linkages are the economic operations, which have to be undertaken as an interface with the market for inputs as well as outputs. Provision of credit facilities, raw materials, training and other inputs e.g. infrastructural support for a given activity are examples of backward linkages. Marketing, market information, tie-ups with shops, stores are the examples of forward linkages. The agency could use following pointers in planning for Income Restoration:  What are the income levels of PAPs?  What are the constraints and opportunities for income generation?  What are available asset with the PAPs  Will it be possible to continue with agricultural activity or land based activities?  What are the existing skills of the PAPs?  What type of training do PAPs need and is there capacity to provide it?  How many PAPs would like to start their own businesses and are willing to take the associated risks?  Are there any employment opportunities or income generation in the main investment project  Are there any ongoing income-generating or livelihood development programs (e.g., poverty alleviation) in the project area?43

General and specific activities under the tasks are listed below:

General Tasks: The contracted agency shall  Carry out a baseline income survey for all PAHs and provide inputs to all stakeholders and for RAP database;44

43 Summary of Handbook on Resettlement, Asian Development Bank 44 Baseline household income survey of May 2011 would need updation both for numbers and changed income/asset status

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 work in support and as per instructions given by the Social Expert and Livelihood Expert at the Worde/ Regional level;  motivate PAHs in rehabilitation activities particularly as PAHs would not be acquainted with the idea of rehabilitation, or alternative means of livelihood  be responsible for group formation so as to make to better use of available ERG money by investing a group based activity or take other lands on rent for cultivation or other land based activity (see activities in Section 8.5 for examples)  hold consultations meetings with communities, affected PAHs on an individual basis if and as necessary  help develop rapport between project authorities and PAHs,  contribute to the preparation of the periodic progress reports as required.  liaise with all government departments such as Agriculture and Rural Development, Urban Development, Health Offices, Women’s Office, other NGOs, training institutes, cooperatives, etc. as relevant and necessary to execute the tasks mentioned  carry out other tasks as necessary to satisfactorily execute the assignment

Other Administration Tasks: The Contracted Agency shall further carry out the following administration tasks:  Support WPITs in maintaining accurate records of all expenditure  Contribute to the Annual Action Plan for RAP implementation as necessary  Ensure proper utilisation of the R&R budget available for each of the packages.  Document tasks carried to enable External M&E agency to monitor and evaluate RAP implementation

See Annexure 8.1 for full Terms of Reference for Income Restoration agency. The RAP disclosure workshop would provide the project authorities an opportunity to reach out to NGOs operational in field of income generation) in the area and to encourage their participation in RAP implementation.

8.5 Land and Non-Land Based occupations As per the preference survey, income restoration activities are required for those who shall use available balance land or change to a new occupation related or unrelated to farming (if there is no balance landholding) by adopting some income restoration package that is either  Land based; or  Non-Land based.

While reservoir projects by their nature lead to total submergence of land holdings, they also render the development of alternate livelihood options difficult. Different restoration packages will be required for each PAP depending on the magnitude of the loss, their levels of vulnerability, their preferences associated to their family characteristics and other circumstances. Further, these are also to be in line with the market potential of each activity.

Land based strategies: For those who have balance lands left outside the reservoir zone the following land based activities are proposed. These include crop and livestock production components. The necessary financial resources, technical assistance, etc. to implement the crop and livestock components of the income restoration and improvement project shall be provided by the agricultural and rural development (WoARD), livestock agencies and Small scale and micro-enterprise offices of the woredas. Details pertaining to each income restoration activity on the following aspects are presented below:

 current demand and supply,  future assessment of demand i.e. potential,  process of marketing and markets for the products,  constraints faced overall in achievement of target/difficulties in start up  strategy and activities as per the latest Regional Plan  Finance and credit; and

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 NGOs supporting the activity

Crop production component aims to improve their income and wellbeing by enhancing crop production and productivity.

Activity Crop production component Description aims to assist PAPs to improve their income and wellbeing by enhancing crop production and productivity. The main strategy under the crop production includes the following i.e. Intensification: Improved supply of agricultural inputs (fertilizer, improved seeds, pesticides, etc); Crop Diversification: Introduction of new crops (e.g. high value crops vegetables, fruits, spices); Natural Resource Management: Soil and Water conservation; small-scale water harvesting and irrigation, improved agronomic practices); Commercialization: Marketing support services. Markets for the Sub-regional and regional markets in Bahir Dar, other towns in Amhara, Addis Ababa, etc. activity: Current Food demand is significant particularly in context of increasing prices of commodities demand and supply Future assessment of demand and supply Difficulties in No specific issue other than accessibility of some kebeles start-up likely Strategy and The main strategy under the crop production includes the following: Activities as  Intensification: Improved supply of agricultural inputs (fertilizer, improved seeds, pesticides, etc); per the 2004-  Crop Diversification: Introduction of new crops (e.g. high value crops vegetables, fruits, spices); 2013 (E.C.)  Natural Resource Management: strategic plan  Soil and Water conservation; small-scale water harvesting and irrigation, improved agronomic (relevant practices). aspects) and Woreda level, support the activity Finance and Marketing support services. Woreda and Kebele Administrations, WoARD, Micro-Finance Institutions credit facilities (MFIs), Agricultural Cooperatives all provide support to the activity

Constraints Accessibility to kebeles such as Jara shikra might be an issue; faced by Some PAPs might be reluctant to continue cultivatation due to reduced land holdings agencies (past No other specific issue experience) NGOs Experienced NGOs such as ORDA supporting the activity, if any Source: Farta WoARD Office, 2012

Livestock production component can enable to improve the income of PAHs as there is degree of familiarity prevalent already. Also importantly women play a key role in livestock management and especially in milk production and the processing and sale of milk by-products (cheese, butter). In particular, the livestock component will provide an ample opportunity to reach female headed households by building on the existing and accumulated knowledge and skills. The MoARD and Regional BoARD have formulated various livestock extension packages with details on required inputs and estimates of costs for the different types of livestock packages. The main types of livestock production packages include: Livestock Fattening Package; Dairy (Milk Production) Package; Poultry Package; Beehives (Honey and Wax production) Package.

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Main Inputs and Support Services include: Access to formal credit services, Training and marketing services, improved forage production, Animal health/veterinary services. Details of each of these packages are presented below:

Activity Honey, wax and Beekeeping Description  Amhara region covers 19.35 % of the country’s honey production. Compared with the potential of the region for honey production, the existing production is very low.  Besides use in food (national foods such as Chechebsa), local beverages such as Tej, it is of demand in preparation of biscuits and other food items  The harvest per beehive is 25-30 kg at a time while in a year there are two harvests (50-60 kg).  The price of honey in local markets is ETB 45/kg (for production through traditional beehive) and ETB 60 /kg (for production through modern beehive)  With size of the modern beehives being 1 mtr x 0.5 mtr (L X B) modern beehives, the required land too is not much of an issue as these can be kept stacked up vertically too rather than horizontally.  The daily labour (not requiring full day) shall be as much as ETB 30/day. Input cost Beehives – 150000; garden preparation – 40000; Training Training costs (per diem and related costs) = 15000; professional follow up – 1000 birr/month No. of beneficiaries 10 Product prices (in ETB) Honey: 90; Wax: 50 Current consumption: Out of the total honey produced by the region’s farmers, around 75% of the product is for demand and market (local market) while the rest is utilized at the household level. However, wax is not effectively supply utilized by the producers; in most cases, the wax is being sold without purifying the honey (crude honey), due to the lack of skills of the producers. Target and achieved figures are given below: Year Honey (in tons) Wax (in tons) Target Achieved Target Achieved 2002-03 (E.C.) 12951 10456 339 434 2003-04 (E.C.) 60504 11482.3 1348 594 Future The establishment of Bee keeping board at the national level, introduction of honey product to the foreign assessment of market as well as the availability of interventions by different NGOs on increasing the production and demand and quality of honey product in the region are the main opportunities. According to the livestock development supply/potential agency, 198,000 quintal of honey product and 5.6 thousand quintal of wax is needed in the region. To meet this demand, 30,000 farmers are needed to be engaged in the Bee keeping. Markets for the Honey marketing starts by collecting honey product from the farmers in the area and taking to the local activity market. Individual consumers, owners of Tej (local beer) Selling house and small merchants buy from small traders or the farmers. There are cooperatives who collect such honey from the kebeles and sell it off in markets in Debre Tabor, Woreta, Bahir Dar and even Addis Ababa. Through process, it reaches to the medium level traders and then to the high/ large scale traders (exporters) and honey processing companies.. Current  The reason for the short supply is also the traditional mindset of farming and therefore it needs constraints guidance/counselling faced or  Technical problems or lack of professionals who could provide technical support at the zone level, difficulties in  turnover rate of trained professionals, lack of material input and logistic support, poor health start-up likely service/health package/,  the unavailability of honey processing, packing and storing machines at the local market at an affordable price,  limited credit opportunities provided for the farmers for bee keeping

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Activity Honey, wax and Beekeeping Strategy and  Training on modern bee keeping technologies(TOT for agents and Training for community members) Activities as  Provision of better bee keeping technology- Taking into consideration and needs and capacity of the per the 2004- farmers 2013 (E.C.)  Extension offices can provide modern beehives (ETB 600) while traditional beehives cost ETB (400- strategic plan 500). The extension offices can provide these beehives at half the price. (relevant  Training of farmers in modern bee keeping, honey processing and storage by the extension workers aspects) and  Provision of credit and distribution of modern bee hives to the farmers Woreda level,  Linking the PAPs with the already established cooperatives and unions at the kebele and Woreda support the level activity  Create market linkage to the cooperatives with the exporters and local traders of honey and wax  Link the farmers with the existing NGOs and Institutions providing technical skills on product quality improvement, marketing and provision of credit facilities for bee keeping.  Improving the marketing process of honey and wax o Strengthening the already formed unions o Establish 30-40 new associations and organize these associations into 2 unions o Establish one federation at the region level o Improving quality standard and find local market o Target the foreign market o Encouraging the jobless youths to be engaged in honey production and processing honey and wax production  They will be provided with preliminary inputs like modern beehives with bee colonies, printed wax and assistance in installation. Depending on the climate of the area, transfer hives and traditional hives can also be used especially in dry areas where rain is scarce. Finance and Marketing support services are provided by Woreda and Kebele Administrations, credit facilities WoARD, Micro-Finance Institutions (MFIs) such as ASCI, Agricultural Cooperatives all provide support to the activity NGOs ORDA, OXFAM GB, IPMS, SNV Ethiopia, SOS Sahel Ethiopia supporting the activity, if any Source: Annual Report of BoARD, 2002/03 and 2003/04, Strategic Plan Powerpoint, Amhara LDA, Farta Woreda Extn office, 2012

Activity Livestock production Description  Livestock have diverse functions in the livelihood of farmers in the rural parts of the country. It serves as the source of meat and dairy product, hide and skin and power to till the land.  The majority of the population in the region earns a living by rearing cattle in a mixed farming system; hence livestock has a higher share /role in the lives of the society as well as the region.  According to the Amhara regional livestock agency, though there is a high demand of livestock product in the region, still production is very limited and the region’s highest potential for the livestock production has not been utilized effectively. Current for details, see Boxes on Animal fattening, poultry, etc. demand and supply Future  the favorable weather, the availability of livestock species which can survive with the limited fodder assessment of and health services, demand and  the already existing trend and interest of the farmers in the livestock breeding, supply/potential  the availability of the government agricultural extension and animal health services at the grass root level Markets for the Local markets with livestock markets (e.g. Ebinat Woreda Town center), other towns of Amhara region, activity Addis, neighbour countries such as Sudan etc. Current  unavailability of supportive government policy, lack of trained professionals, the unavailability of constraints livestock production improvement packages, poor AI and veterinary Services, faced or  lack of working capital are the general constraints. difficulties in market related constraints, start-up likely  marketing problems for dairy and beef products during the long fasting periods,  poor marketing infrastructures like road and costs of transportation,  poor market information system are some of the major constraints.

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Activity Livestock production Strategy and  Implementing participatory development program in selected potential milk areas Activities as  Identify potential areas for milk production per the 2004-  Improve implementation (Fodder, Health , shelter market) 2013 (E.C.)  Strategic health services to address the sustainable livestock strategic plan  Design program to overcome the fodder and water scarcity (relevant  Transhumance aspects) and  Protection of special livestock breed(Species) like the Fogera Breeds Woreda level, support the activity Source: Annual Report of BoARD, 2002/03 and 2003/04, Strategic Plan Powerpoint, Amhara LDA, Farta Woreda Extn office, 2012

Activity Animal Fattening Description  Animal Fattening is an important source for income generation for rural farmers in the region.  Fattened animals become a traditional urban consumption item, ensuring continued and growing demand.  Woreda Agricultural offices presently have schemes of giving oxens for free to jobless youth and those who have no land.  However, if the scheme is to be implemented for PAPs, they can at least pay the 50% of amount of ETB 4000-6000 in advance.  The feed required for fattening is for a three month period is ETB 1500, while injections to avoid infections are no more than ETB 10-15.  After the fattening period of 3 months, the oxen can be sold at ETB 10000-16000.

ANIMAL FATTENING Initial investment cost (amounts in ETB) Fencing, animal shed, office, water supply – 92950 Training and professional follow up (in ETB) 50000; 1000 birr/month Operation and Maintenance cost ( in ETB) Purchase of oxen and other operating/maintenance cost: 200000 No. of beneficiaries if done as group activity 10 Other miscellaneous expenses - light, 5000 birr/month telephone (amounts in ETB) Product prices (in ETB) Price of ox: 10000/unit; sheep:1500/unit

TANNERY Input cost (in ETB) Fixed machine cost – 120000; working material cost – 80000; Training training costs (includes material costs, per diem and facilitation costs) – 70000 No. of beneficiaries if done as group activity 10 Product prices (in ETB) Belt: 50; Bag: 150 (avg. price); Shoes: 200 (avg. price) Current In the region, the annual production and consumption of cattle is 750,000 and 27,000 farmers are demand and involved in the animal fattening under the cattle production schemes. The Amhara region BoARD supply (Source: indicates that 69,728 tonnes of meat product and 430,112 hide and skin was produced from cattle in the CSA, GoE) past year. Out of these, 39.66% of meat and 9.97% of hide and skin was produced in the south Gondar zone. Year Cattle Hide & skin Target Achieved Target Achieved 2002-03 (E.C.) 1,293,302 469339 (36%) 1,394,000 305,326 (22%) 2003-04 (E.C.) 610141 1021877(167%) 5486000 5214000 (95%) Note: The target and achievement figures for the cattle hide and skin in the year 2003/04 is added up with the sheep and goat. There is no separate figure in the reports. Future  Annual demand of cattle to be produced is minimum of 750,000 animals assessment of  To meet demand, 500,000 farmers should be involved in animal fattening. demand and  availability of livestock package, encouraging government policy in place supply/potential  the availability and ability of the cattle species that can be fattened with limited/shortage of fodder.  As per Farta Woreda Animal Extension department, while it is difficult to ascertain the number of farmers engaged in this activity, certainly as there is a shortage in this woreda, there is a room for at least about 70-100 households to take up the activity. Markets for the  In the local markets, the main actors are farmers and rural assembles. Farmers sell one or two cattle activity for the purpose of herd replacement/breeding/, draught, growing, fattening, trading and local

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Activity Animal Fattening consumption in farmers’ village and rural markets.  In small Woreda towns, small traders and farmers sell cattle for the bigger traders and butchers for the purpose of Slaughtering, Breeding, and Draught and they trade up to 500-1000 cattle /week  Markets for the same are in Bahir Dar where there is a meat processing factory besides exports to Sudan. Current  Due to a traditional mind set of farming, not many have taken up this profitable activity. constraints  lack of provision of animals for fattening, lack of variety and nutritious fodder, faced or likely  the poor animal feeding practice in the region, difficulties in  unavailability of enough marketing facilities, start-up  limited buying capacity of the farmers and the unavailability of enough credit and input provider are the major problems  Fodder shortage is one issue that could have a bearing in light of the decreasing grazing lands, but there is a fodder development activity currently ongoing under the Tana-Beles project. Strategy and  Making the already started fattening activities sustainable and improving the implementation process Activities as o Designing implementation packages and implementation per the 2004- o Supporting people to organize in groups and cooperatives 2013 (E.C.) o Support the existing cooperatives and associations- provide them legal entity and enabling them strategic plan to work independently establish unions (relevant o Technical skills development for associations aspects) and  Improving provision of forage and water Woreda level,  Improving provision of animals for fattening support the  Improving the marketing process- activity Local market o Constructing market places in collaboration with the city administrations o Making the purchase of fattened animals to be based on the standard weight of animals o Establishing system that allows fresh and packed meat to be provided for the local market o Establishment and utilization of market information system o Ensure the sustainability of the quarantine service Foreign Market o Implementing rules and regulations/provision of license, Utilization of foreign currency, / in order to make the foreign market more organized and systematic o Implementing rules and policies to bring the focus on the meat market/selling meat/ rather than selling animal o Developing and enhancing the capacity of private sectors. Increase the participation of university graduates in the private sector. Knowledge transfer, creating job opportunities o Establish communication channels and linkages among different institutions  Waste Disposal and Environmental Protection o Waste disposal, Biogas technology, increasing the participation of private sectors Woredas can provide advisory services to farmers Finance and Marketing support services are provided by livestock development agency, micro finance Institutions credit facilities (MFIs) such as ASCI provide support to the activity NGOs ORDA, ADA supporting the activity, if any Source: Annual Report of BoARD, 2002/03 and 2003/04, Amhara Livestock Development Agency, Farta Woreda Extn. office, 2012

Activity Milk Production and Dairy Product Description  Dairy product is one of the most important schemes in the lives of farmers as livestock and its product is the most important source of income and food for rural farmers.  In Amhara region, about 93% of the milk product is obtained from the indigenous breeds that provide one or two liter milk per day. Most rural farmers mainly use this indigenous breeds and use grazing and crop residues as the major sources of feed thus milk production is very low in the region compared to the demand.  From efforts made by the agriculture office in the past years such as provision of training, hybrid milk cows, and improved fodder and strengthening the capacity of the milk producers unions etc., the outcome indicated that there is the potential that could benefit the farmers and the region better. Current  In the region, the current consumption of milk per individual is 13 litre per year and the product of

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Activity Milk Production and Dairy Product demand and one cow is not more than 1.1 litre per day and the milking period is not more than 210 days. supply (Source:  Moreover, out of the total milk product, only 33-35% is supplied for the market. CSA, GOE) Year Milk Target Achieved 2002-03 (E.C.) 1,004,154 litre 743,167 litre (74%) 2003-04 (E.C.) 607,278 tone 336,397 tone Future  the need of milk per an individual is 35 litre per year and to meet this demand, 2.25 litre of milk/day assessment of or 600 litre milk per year should be produced from one cow. demand and  In addition, the amount of milk supplied for the market should be increased to 65% of the milk supply/potential product. Markets for the  Whole of South Gondar zone as good agro-ecology of South Gondar zone for huge number of activity livestock and forage development  Sub-regional and regional markets in Bahir Dar, other towns in Amhara, Addis Ababa, etc. Current  Milk marketing in the region is informal, and the participants are producers, caterers and consumers. constraints  Population increment (demand increment for animal protein) faced or  Farmers indigenous knowledge difficulties in  Farmers highly accustomed using of the two bull station and AI services for their cows and heifers start-up likely  General management (poor housing and shelter)  the unavailability of variety and nutritious fodder,  Resource forage management (lack of proper feeding, poor nutritional requirement and shortage of feeds)  The market is not structured and systematic which can motivate the producers/main actors,  the available animal health services provided by the government lacks quality and consistency,  milk processing machines are expensive,  lack of skill in milk processing, the culture of milk consumption is very low (long fasting season) in the region.  In addition, because of limited rural road networks and the absence of milk collection systems and processing facilities in some of the woreda, the flow of milk from rural kebeles to urban centers is difficult.  In South Gondar zone While formerly all cooperatives produced all products but only three cooperatives are functional i.e. Dhansit, Biruhfana and Hageretsige. Agela and Hiowet Derash are not functioning rather they provide raw milk and yogurt to the community. The rest Yabibal (Fogera), Liwaye (Eastie), Gasaye (Farta) are doing milk-processing. Strategy and  Creating market linkage between the diary farmers, cooperatives and the traders and milk Activities as processors. per the 2004-  Providing training on milk processing and storing techniques by the extension workers 2013 (E.C.)  Ensure the accessibility of health services to all farmers in the existing extension program strategic plan  Ensure effective utilization and provision of inputs such as milk cow breeds, Artificial insemination (relevant services, fodder improvement interventions etc. aspects) and  Forage and Water Provision Woreda level, o All strategies under animal fattening support the  Improve the current service coverage by establishing strategic health services that are accessible activity and sustainable ,  Capacity Building o Strengthening the capacity of Existing cooperatives o Training and experience sharing visits o Building spaces(units) useful or the storing and processing milk  Improve provision of milk processing technologies, training institutes for Diary product  Improving market o Solving distribution problem, transportation and building different diary product factory o Promoting on utilization of dairy products in the community. changing the cultural…..diary eating habits of the community o Provide credit services and training for the private sector and also individuals to encourage them in order to participate on Diary product business  Establish system to supervise the quality of milk and other diary product  Provide support for increasing the establishment of diary product (milk processing factories(small and middle level)  Organize the farmers (PAPs) in groups and create opportunities for credit, link them with the

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Activity Milk Production and Dairy Product cooperatives or establish new cooperatives  Marketing support services are provided by Woreda and Kebele Administrations Finance and  WoARD, Micro-Finance Institutions (MFIs) such as ASCI, Agricultural Cooperatives all provide credit facilities support to the activity

NGOs ORDA supporting the activity, if any Source: Annual Report of BoARD, 2002/03 and 2003/04, Amhara Livestock Development Agency, Farta Woreda Extn office, 2012

Activity Goat and Sheep Description  In Amhara region, there are 8.6 million sheep and 4.9 million goats which constitutes 33% and 22 % of the country’s sheep and goat population  Goat and sheep are one of the major sources of income for the farmers.  For instance in some parts of the region like East Gojam and North Showa, Sheep and Goat constitutes 22-63% of income obtained from the livestock.  It has varied functions such as source of food (19-23% of food consumption is obtained from sheep and goat), compost, hide and skin and wool)  While goats and sheep can be bought at ETB 600 each, they can be sold after a four month fattening period for prices between ETB 1000 - 1500.  The feed for the four month period does not cost more than ETB 400. Initial investment cost (amounts in ETB) Fencing, animal shed, office, water supply – 92950 Training and professional follow up (amounts in ETB) 50000; 1000 birr/month Operation and Maintenance cost (amounts in ETB) Purchase of goat and other operating/maintenance cost: 200000 No. of beneficiaries if done as a group activity 10 Other miscellaneous expenses - light, telephone 5000 birr/month (amounts in ETB) Product prices (in ETB) Price of sheep:1500/unit

Current demand  Demand for goat/sheep is however seasonal i.e. during holidays after the Ethiopian new year in and supply September for consumption purposes  Of these, 21.03% of meat and 7.8 % of hide and skin were produced in South Gondar zone.  The consumption of goat/sheep meat per an individual is 200 g and the amount of product provided for the market is 40.955% and 34% for sheep and goat respectively  the demand of sheep and goat meat is 300 gram per individual and market demand (off take rate) is 63.17% and 60.98% for sheep and goat respectively. Year Goat and Sheep Hide and skin Target Achieved Target Achieved 2002-03 (E.C.) 3,803,678 1,590,430 (42%) 5100,000 4266341 (83.5%) 2003-04 (E.C.) 2,067,559 1808363(87%) 5486000 5214000 (95%) Future  The availability of livestock package, the ability of the existing species to be fattened with assessment of limited/shortage of fodder, demand and  the regions’ different type of weather, water resource; and supply/potential  availability of professional assigned at the kebele level directly serving the farmers. Markets for the All of Amhara region and also the regional market of Addis and outside the country activity Current  the very limited buying capacity of farmers and the unavailability of enough credit and input provider constraints organization are the major constraints faced or  Extension offices at Farta and Ebinat Woreda at present do not have any experience in the activity difficulties in relating to goat/sheep fattening. start-up likely

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Activity Goat and Sheep Strategy and  Supporting people to organize in groups and cooperatives so that they can access the credit, the Activities as formal market and market information per the 2004-  Creating market linkages with meat exporters and packed meat traders in urban centers 2013 (E.C.)  Developing Technical skills of farmers by the extension workers strategic plan  Improving provision of forage and water (relevant  Improving provision of animals breeds for fattening aspects) and  Woreda department can provide all required support to the activity Woreda level, support the activity Finance and Marketing support services. Woreda and Kebele Administrations, WoARD, Micro-Finance Institutions credit facilities (MFIs), Agricultural Cooperatives all provide support to the activity

NGOs ORDA supporting the activity, if any Source: Annual Report of BoARD, 2002/03 and 2003/04, Amhara LDA, Office of Micro and Small Scale Enterprise, WoARD, Farta 2012

Activity Poultry Description  According to CSA, there are 13 million Poultry in the region which constitutes 31% of the total population in the country  Chicken used for consumption and eggs are used in preparation of variety of food products biscuits, pastries.  Newly hatched chicken is ETB 4.50. It takes 3-4 months for them to mature and cost of feed is not more than ETB 50 for the period.  The full grown ones can be sold at prices close to ETB 100. As it is colder in some parts the consumption or feed costs might increase. E.g. a group of five persons should take up 15 – 50 chicken.  While modern incubators are expensive (ETB 50000), there are traditional or cheaper alternatives available with new rural technologies that are coming through Current demand According to the CSA,. Food demand is significant particularly in context of increasing prices of and supply commodities as prices of eggs have gone upto ETB 2/egg.

Year Chicken Eggs Target Achieved Target Achieved 2002-03 NA NA 186121 299321 (161%) 2003-04 6210 ton 4327 ton 34.9 million 25 million(72%) Future In the region, 1.2 million poultry product is demanded and 250 million eggs are needed for the assessment of consumption as well as market supply in a year. demand and supply Markets for the Sub-regional and regional markets in Bahir Dar, other towns in Amhara, Addis Ababa, etc. activity Current  Disease outbreaks, lack of awareness on the poultry health, constraints  limited provision of medicine, the high price of medicine and vaccination, faced or  lack of fodder and the high price of variety and nutritious fodder are among others the constraints in difficulties in poultry. start-up likely Market related problems  The price and demand of chicken product is seasonal because of the fasting season.  Moreover, the market information doesn’t reach to the producers on time.  Modern animal marketing system is not available in the region, markets are remote, inaccessible (especially the urban markets) while most customers are urban dwellers, poor market linkage, poor transpiration system and unavailability of roads are problems in relation of poultry and specifically to the project area

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Activity Poultry Strategy and  Coordinating and collaborating with the MSE to increase the participation of PAPs in poultry for Activities as meat, egg production as well as in the production of fodder. per the 2004-  Training and building the capacity of farmers in poultry based on the already prepared extension 2013 (E.C.) package strategic plan  Ensuring the provision and access of inputs (Broiler chickens, vaccinations as well as cheek fodder) (relevant through the existing input distribution program under the extension packages. aspects) and Woreda level, support the activity Finance and Marketing support services. Woreda and Kebele Administrations, WoARD, Micro-Finance Institutions credit facilities (MFIs), Agricultural Cooperatives all provide support to the activity NGOs ORDA supporting the activity, if any Source: Annual Report of BoARD, 2002/03 & 03/04, Strategic Plan Amhara LDA, Micro & Small Scale Enterprise, WoARD, Farta 2012

Specific activities for those shifting to urban areas: Some of these activities such as Bee Keeping, Fattening, Dairy Production, Poultry Production, Metal and wood works, etc. are potential occupations for those shifting to urban resettlement sites. The government could give them land for free for the business or they can rent from nearby farmers. It may not be possible to get land from government in the urban area but they can get from surrounding kebeles (communal lands) and/or from individual farmers by rent or share. Renting is not a common practice in the area and the rate for the rent would differ for the type of the utilization and length. Because it may permanently change the soils fertility level, or topology, etc. Also it may have impact on surrounding unrented lands too. However Income Restoration agency(ies) contracted for this purpose will be able to provide the right knowledge.

Fishery: Ribb dam leading to formation of Ribb reservoir would create an artificial body of water and an opportunity to develop commercial fishing activities. Provision of fishing and other activities such as boating/ferrying would result in sustainable options. Fishing, fishing nets, processing of fish boating/ferries across the river, boat making, repair work on boats are some of the possibilities that can be explored and tapped to develop sustainable business plans. PAPs can be organized in cooperatives at woreda level. Further aquaculture can be promoted with specialized advice from agencies such as Bahir Dar Fisheries and Aquatic Life Research Centre, ARARI and Fishing cooperatives etc. as they can provide necessary guidance on all aspects. Details of the activity are:

Activity Fishery Description Fishery is relatively a less pursued occupation in the area. As per government authorities no specific ethnic groups are involved in fishing. A few farmers (or farm labor) practice during lean season. Though there are fishing cooperatives in Libo-kemkem and Fogera, none are operating in the two project woredas at present.  Currently 400 farmers are beneficiaries of pond fishery  Number of fishers and fish products has increased within the past 15 year  Because of the increased market demand, increased number of fishers including the illegal ones and also fishing is being considered as one job opportunity.  Fish catch by type and prices sold are given below: Prices of fish by type, season and processing (in ETB) Type of fish Feb-April (high demand season) May to Jan. (normal demand season Processed by Un-processed by kg Processed by Un-processed by kg kg kg Talapiya 50 17 40 15 Barbus 18 8 12 4 Cut-fish 26 9 20 5

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Activity Fishery Prices paid to fisherman by type Type of Fish Feb-April (high demand season) May to Jan. (normal demand season) Talapiya 12 8 Barbus 4 2 Cut-fish 5 3 Current demand Fishery is relatively a less pursued occupation in the area The existing demand for the activity is given and supply below:

Year In quintals Target Achieved 2002-03 76510 68808 2003-04 8257 26629 Future It is reported that demand for the activity shall increase as the present set of cooperatives operating in assessment of Amhara region are not providing enough for the fishing merchants. demand and supply Markets for the The local markets for the catch are mainly Woreta, Bahir Dar (approx. 20%) while the main regional activity market is Addis Ababa (approx. 80%). Current  Unavailability of standard fish pond constraints  Unavailability of enough fish species for breeding faced or  Low level of support and monitoring both from the farmers and experts difficulties in  Problem of utilization of the ready fish start-up likely  Unavailability of production materials locally  Skills problem  Culture (low cultural habit of eating fish) Strategy and  Increase product and productivity Activities as  Preparing training manual per the 2004-  Provision of training 2013 (E.C.)  Improving the availability of production materials strategic plan  Facilitating Credit Service (relevant  Providing support for investors, associations and organizations who want to participate in the aspects) and provision of Production materials for fishery Woreda level  Expansion and development of Fish Market and  Enable fish shops to work with their maximum potential Cooperatives,  Building and opening fish shops support the  Promoting fish to be in the diets of the community- Change the fish eating habit of the activity community  Improving quality of fish production  Install refrigerators with storage capacity- coordination with private investors  Expansion of the fish expansion packages  Implementing the rules and regulations (on fish development production and utilization)  Expansion of fish farming . Pond fish farming expansion at the family level(farmers HH) . Information (on monthly fish production, market on fish product)  Cooperatives can provide:  Support in registering: the fishing groups need to approach the Cooperatives office in the Woreda.  The fisheries cooperatives can help the new fishing groups mainly by providing training in the following: i. Using modern motorboat i.e. how to drive and nets ii. Processing of fish iii. Preparation of nets The cost of modern motor boats is ETB 62,000 while the 9.9 HP engine costs ETB 50,000. However in place of these expensive motor-boats, tanqwa – traditional fishing boat can be used too. Finance and Fishing cooperatives provide support credit facilities

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Activity Fishery NGOs None supporting the activity, if any Source: Fisheries and Aquatic Life Research Centre; Lake Tana No. 1 Fishing Cooperative, and Fishery Coordinator, LDA, Amhara region, 2012 and Annual Report of BoARD, 2002/03 & 03/04

Non-land based plans Some PAHs, in the preference survey indicated other skills as well, thereby implying prior experience of non-land activities. As the engagement in non-farm activities varies from one household to the other, the non-land based income restoration measures will target the following: a) PAHs with previous experience with non-farm activities; b) PAHs with no land holdings outside the reservoir area; c) PAHs with relatively little landholdings and indicating a preference to shift from agriculture to non- agricultural activities

Details of different activities under manufacturing category (Textile and tailoring, leather, food processing, metal work, wood work, traditional handcraft and agro processing are presented below:

Activity Metal work Description Metal works involves producing of doors, windows, chair, tables, etc. A popular activity considering the increase in construction activities both in Debre-Tabor town (Farta) and Ebinat Woreda town centre. Input cost (in ETB) For fixed machines – 40000 ETB; for working materials: 36261; loan interest (on a loan of ETB 50000) is ETB 6500/year Training Needs 10 persons x 70 birr/day x 30 days) = 21000; materials for training: upto 15000 birr No. of beneficiaries if taken as 10 a group activity Other miscellaneous expenses 5000 birr/month (light, telephone) Product prices Door – 800; windows – 500, chair-350, table – 800, container (3x3) = 7000, Current demand Both Ebinat and Farta Woreda towns have approximately 5-10 shops that provide these services and supply  In the year 2004 (E.C.), 254 people were involved in metal work in the south Gondar Zone. Of these, 179 were through 19 unions, 12 people were under 4 business associations while 61 people were working individually.  It is reported that ETB 5,22,51,837 was created through market linkages created by the MSE Future  significant demand considering the increase in construction activities both in Debre-Tabor town assessment of (Farta) and Ebinat Woreda town centre demand and  More can be expected with industrial area proposed in Ebinat Town supply  Dam Project Office, Staff quarters shall require furniture and fittings once functioning can provided for by the PAPs so there needs to be Buy back arrangement  Rather than set up a separate venture, adequate skill development in this area shall enable PAPs to get income  According to CSA, in the year 2000 (E.C.), out of the total small scale manufacturing enterprises in the country, 4.4 thousand (10%) were metal works. And from the total gross value production of 2.79 billion, metal work contributed ETB 419.6 million .(CSA,2010) Markets for the Addis Zemen, Woreta, Bahir Dar, Debre-Tabor, North Gondar activity Current  Familiar with occupation very low constraints  Superior quality of fittings, furniture are available from markets such as Bahir Dar faced or difficulties in start-up likely Woreda level  Industrial area proposed in Ebinat Town support the  Metal works require electricity that can be available in town areas such as Ebinat Town and Debre activity Tabor Finance and None

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Activity Metal work credit facilities NGOs ADA, CVM, supporting the activity, if any Source: Annual Report on Small and Medium Scale enterprise, Office of Micro and Small Scale Enterprise, Farta for SMEC, 2012

Activity Tailoring Description Tailoring is a skill and an activity fairly popular with women. Women Affair offices in both Woredas have been requested by local women for training in this particular activity. Input cost (amounts in For fixed machine – 70000; for working material – 52620; loan interest (on a loan of ETB) ETB 50000) is ETB 6500/year Training Per diem for trainers and trainee – 24000 Materials for training purpose – 10000 No. of beneficiaries if 10 taken up as a group activity Other miscellaneous 5000 birr/month expenses (light, telephone) Product prices (in Women’s coat – 500; trouser – 500; women’s scarf – 170; T-shirt – 120; Pack out – 50 ETB) Current demand Both Ebinat and Farta Woreda towns have a few shops that provide these services. Approximately 5-6 and supply shops in Ebinat and 8-10 cloth selling + plus tailoring shops at Debre-Tabor town are engaged in the activity  In E.C. 2003/04, around 203, people were involved in Tailoring in south Gondar. Among these, 130 (53 male and 97 females) were engaged in the 10 unions, 7 (all women) are in business associations and the rest 66 (57 men and 9 female) are working individually.  It is noted that ETB 313.794 was earned through the market linkage created by the MSE in the year 2003/04) Future  Difficult to estimate as the requirement shall be more with increase in population. However assessment of readymade garments from Bahir Dar too are sold in the weekly markets (on Saturday) and suffice to demand and meet the existing demand. supply  Internal furnishings for the Dam Project Office, once functioning can be provided by the PAPs Dam Project Office, so there needs to be Buy back arrangement Markets for the  Debre-Tabor town (Farta Woreda), Ebinat Town Centre, South Gondar, North Gondar, Woreta, activity Addis Zemen towns  Weekly markets (on Saturday at Ebinat Town and on Thursday at Debre-Tabor) help to meet the demand Current  Inaccessibility of project affected kebeles constraints faced or difficulties in start-up likely Woreda level Woreda Women’s Affair offices have prior experience of provision of trainings. support the activity Finance and Woreda Women’s Affair Office and CARE, Ethiopia provide support to the activity credit facilities NGOs ADA (training courses), CVM (has provided sewing machines) and CARE Ethiopia provided microfinance supporting the for purchase of machines activity, if any Source: Office of Micro and Small Scale Enterprise, Farta for SMEC, 2012, Annual Report on Medium and Small Scale Enterprise 2003/04, Consultations with NGOs and CSA, 2010

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Activity Bamboo works (furniture) Description As per Farta Woreda administration, some persons in these project kebeles have experience of bamboo works. Input cost (in ETB) Cost of some minor fixed material – 20000; working material costs – 62500 Training Per diem and training material - 90000 No. of beneficiaries 10 Product prices (in Chair – 200; Sofa single – 350; Shelf – 350; Bed - 600 ETB) Current demand Both Ebinat and Farta Woreda towns have a few shops that sell these products. Supply is made by and supply people living within towns and other kebeles in the woreda Future  Difficult to estimate as the requirement shall be more with increase in population. assessment of  Internal furnishings for the Dam Project Office, once functioning can provided by the PAPs so there demand and needs to be Buy back arrangement supply Markets for the Debre-Tabor town (Farta Woreda), Ebinat Town Centre, South Gondar, half of North Gonda zone, activity Woreta, Addis Zemen towns Current  Inaccessibility of project affected kebeles constraints  Lack of adequate trainings faced or difficulties in start-up likely Woreda level Industrial area proposed in Ebinat Town and Debre Tabor is an expanding town and is therefore a support the market. Nearby areas as Gondar too are markets activity Finance and Woreda Administration and Women’s Affair Office shall provide support to the activity credit facilities NGOs CVM (has provided bamboo skills trainings to young orphans) supporting the activity, if any Source: Office of Micro and Small Scale Enterprise, Farta for SMEC, 2012, Annual Report on Medium and Small Scale Enterprise 2003/04, Consultations with NGOs and CSA 2010

Activity Food processing and Spice Description Food processing to produce different types of foods is popular. Food items such as Shiro, Bread, Enjera, Chilli powder, processed pea are consumed across the country and in Amhara region too. Input cost (amounts in Fixed machine: 30000; start up material costs and related activity: 20000 ETB) Training (amounts in 50000 ETB) No. of beneficiaries 10 Product prices Bread: 1.25; Enjera: 3; Shiro (with Enjera): 10; Chilli powder: 60 birr/kg; packaged (amounts in ETB) shiro: 30 birr/kg; processed pea: 30 birr/kg; processed bean: 30 birr/kg; processed chickpea: 25.0 birr/kg Current demand  In south Gondar zone alone, 305 individuals were engaged on food processing, spice and drink and supply through 19 unions, business association and also individually by their own  It is reported that ETB 1152.90525 is created through the market linkage by the zone MSE Future  food processing contributed ET419.6 million birr (11%) of the total 2.79 billion gross product assessment of obtained from MSE nationally.(CSA,2010) demand and  The Debretabor University with its increasing student population and also the increasing population supply in the urban and semi urban areas is one of the market opportunities Markets for the Debre-Tabor town (Farta Woreda), Ebinat Town Centre, South Gondar, North Gondar, Woreta, Addis activity Zemen towns

Current Marketing support services by Woreda, WoARD, Micro-Finance Institutions (MFIs), Agricultural constraints Cooperatives all provide support to the activity faced or difficulties in start-up likely

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Activity Food processing and Spice Woreda level As per its zoning exercise, Ebinat Woreda has already planned for industrial space for setting up support the different types of industry. activity Finance and Marketing support services. Woreda Administrations, WoARD, Micro-Finance Institutions (MFIs), credit facilities Agricultural Cooperatives all provide support to the activity NGOs none supporting the activity, if any Source: Office of Micro and Small Scale Enterprise, Farta for SMEC, 2012, Annual Report on Medium and Small Scale Enterprise 2003/04 and CSA 2010

Activity Petty Trade Description  Small-scale trade basically involves the buying and selling of goods (selling all kinds of small value items – soaps, shampoos, locks, cigarettes, daily consumables, mobile pre-paid cards, etc.  It is one of the most widespread types of non-farm activities in the project area as it is basically a low skill trade and requires minimum capital investment and can be set up easily as a street vending activity. Current demand  Debre-Tabor town (Farta Woreda) has an estimated 50-60 shops and supply  In Ebinat Town Centre, there are at least 40-50 engaged in similar trades. In addition weekly markets (on Saturday) more than suffice to meet the existing demand  Demand is more particularly post fasting season  Also there are other markets that residents of these kebeles approach for their requirements Future Many PAPs are already familiar with and have some experience in this field of activity. assessment of demand and supply Markets for the Debre-Tabor town (Farta Woreda), Ebinat Town Centre, South Gondar, half of North Gonda zone, activity Woreta, Addis Zemen towns Current Lots of persons already engaged in the activity. Further, many PAPs have expressed interest in petty constraints trade during the preference survey. However there is too much of competition in this field and if PAPs faced or shifting to town areas were to take up this activity, the returns can be low. While existing Petty traders difficulties in could benefit from increased number of customers, any PAPs taking up Petty Trades would be perceived start-up likely as an impact and threat to the existing business by host community Woreda level Ebinat Woreda can support the activities by providing work sheds to the PAPs at nominal rents; Debre support the Tabor has weekly markets and the municipality can be approached for provision of space to PAPs activity Finance and Loans from Banks credit facilities NGOs No specific NGO supporting the activity, if any Source: Office of Micro and Small Scale Enterprise, Farta for SMEC, 2012, Annual Report on Medium and Small Scale Enterprise 2003/04 and CSA 2010

8.6 Consultations with Potential Partner Agencies Consultations were held with a few major development agencies that operate in the Amhara region. These agencies were identified based on their working experience in the region and particularly in the affected Woredas. The purpose of the meetings was to: i. identify their areas of operations by sector, ii. possible role in developing and supporting the development programs particularly land based and non- land based resettlement strategies; iii. strengths that can be used to supplement the capacity gaps of the Woredas in RAP implementation of the RAP.

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An assessment of these agencies is given below.

ORDA (Organization for Rehabilitation and Development in Amhara) Description: ORDA is a government organization that has operations in various sectors/sub-sectors such as:  Food Security and Agriculture Development program (Crop production and protection, horticulture development, livestock development, income generation and marketing, disaster and risk mitigation, etc.)  Natural Resources management (forestry development, nursery management, seedling plantation, etc.);  Watershed development/soil and water conservation measures (watershed management and delineation, community participation and capacity building)  Water resource development program (water supply, hygiene and sanitation, irrigation development and infrastructure development);  Gender and HIV Aids (Gender, HIV/Aids)

Further sub-topics include: nursery site development, seedling transportation and plantation, safe water supply, hygiene and sanitation irrigation development, infrastructure development, crop production, income generation activities and marketing horticulture development, apple development, household asset building, beekeeping, gender and HIV Aids intervention. As part of these they undertake support to many schemes organized around the communities and in close coordination with the Woredas. They receive funding from both government and other international donors i.e. IFAD, USAID, etc. and have devised and implemented programs of duration between 1 and 2 years. Reportedly, they have experienced success in many such ventures such as apple production – a change from the routine farming for the farmers. They provide seeds and other inputs such as training, facilitation to access markets, etc. They take contribution from farmers for such group activities either in cash or kind amounting to about to 10-15%. ORDA further in engaged in facilitation of credit access through cooperative credit system and also savings through Village Savings and Loan groups. Assessment: They have skilled and experienced personnel in all sectors. Their broad set of activities and experience is significant for integrated planning and implementation. Their experience in land-based income generation activities, facilitation of credit, group savings, etc. is of relevance. Also, of particular relevance would be in provision of support/training to Woreda Project Implementation Teams to supplement existing capacity and also role in capacity building and implementation of livestock improvement programs.

Amhara Development Association Description: It is an association, NGO working in the Amhara region for about 21 years. They are engaged in three key areas – education, health and skill training including entrepreneurship. They provide functional adult literacy programs and have prior experience in working in Koga wherein they provided basic education to farmers to help them calculate incomes of the produce they sell in the market. They have also provided capacity support in Reproductive health programs. They operate on a membership basis and have members in all woredas and they get their financing from such members who contribute for development purposes. 30% of the amount is sent to the Head office while the remaining 70% is retained at the Woreda and managed by the Steering committee that decides the activities. Finally they provide tools after training and connect the trainees to the buyers thereby facilitating much required market linkages. While they have some skilled and experienced personnel who can provide comprehensive support, they can also hire from outside, if required. Assessment: Their skills and experience shall be relevant with respect to capacity enhancement initiatives and also in establishing market linkages particularly for potential non-land based income generation activities as well in providing functional literacy for PAPs.

CVM (Italian NGO) Description: It is an NGO that operates on many land based and non-land based income generation activities. They also work on HIV prevention and care and support for vulnerable and HIV affected people. They have worked with many small and large programs wherein they provide training and follow up support in terms of provision of seed money, etc. They have different donors funding such activities as bamboo skill training for

Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme – Final Report Page 99 Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project young orphans. They have experience of providing training on sewing machines. Their key concern is of adequate monitoring support that includes periodic reporting and development of quality indicators that shall help monitor progress both in terms of capacity and for eventually withdrawal. They prefer to develop activities that preferably have a linkage to the past occupation and skills of farming. Assessment: Their strengths lie in extensive experience in developing specific income generation programs following a careful process of identifying skills of households to the potential activities or in evaluating these programs. Also they expect clear defining of roles and responsibilities all involved agencies

Concern Ethiopia (Ebinat Woreda) Description: The focus area of the Concern Ethiopia is Amisteya kebele as Ebinat woreda is one of the food insecure woredas. Their major program is Emergency relief program. Major components of the program are: provision of Supplementary foods to malnourished children between the age groups of 6 month to 5 years and also to pregnant and breast feeding mothers. Besides, they also provide capacity building trainings for the health extension workers on how to address the needs of malnourished infants and mothers. Another activity is the provision of health education for mothers about vaccination, family planning, preparation of nutritious foods for family members/mothers. They educate people on how to prepare nutritious foods from horticultural vegetables. They do not operate any livelihood programs. Strategy adopted: They have their own indicator- malnourishment indicators and provide criteria to the committee at the kebele level for selection of beneficiaries. The beneficiaries can also be food security participants. At present they have 55 infants, 10 breastfeeding and 10 pregnant mothers. But in other Kebeles where the problem is chronic, we have more than 200 beneficiaries. (Amisteya, Zeha, Serawude and debir kebeles) are relatively better compared with the other kebeles. Difference between Concern program and PSNP: Their program provides supplementary foods only and does not provide crops and cash (credit) like PSNP. Beside they provide it for free which is different from PSNP, where provision is based on the services i.e. beneficiaries should first contribute something or participate in different development activities like soil conservation and environmental protection, following which they will be provided with the crop. Other NGOs working on livelihood rehabilitation in the kebele: Previously ORDA had a project in this kebele now their project phased out and they had different programs. WFP and UNICEF are also working and they do not implement but they provide financial and technical support. Assessment: Their experience is relevant and could be relevant to ensuring food security to PAPs.

CARE Ethiopia (Farta Woreda) Description: They currently operate programs on clean water supply. Building water wells and springs; provide training for WASH management committee, skills management financial management – five to six days training. Separate skills training for two people on renovating the water wells. Experience in livelihoods restoration/income generation: Previously they have worked on IGA, but presently work on provision of BBS (basic business skills) as an entry point for WASH. In the previous program, the beneficiaries establish saving group (Self-help group) and start saving depending on their capacity. Then they form rules and regulations and start borrowing it one by one. One self-help group constitutes from 20-30 members. Have saving advisors (two advisers assigned in each kebeles and provide them training too. There are different potential IGAs in the project area. The problem is finding market and creating linkage but many business opportunities will be there a serious assessment is conducted. It suggested that the project plan something on the livelihood rehabilitation of the affected people, they have no skills other than farming and provision of compensation alone would not help. Budget costs for trainings: Micro Credit and finance institution which provided the training and also purchased bee hives and weaving machine. The trainees then produce their own weaving machine and bee hive (replicating what is bought). They were also provided with some other tools initially.

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Assessment: Even though they no longer carry out IGA, their experience is relevant, particularly in group formation activities.

Implementation Mechanisms and Monitoring and Evaluation of Income Restoration are covered in Chapters 10 and 14 respectively.

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CHAPTER 9 – GENDER ACTION PLAN

Displacement disproportionately affects vulnerable groups who bear a much more significant risk of severe impoverishment and are less likely to adapt and rehabilitate without support measures that takes cognizance of their vulnerabilities. Further, as people’s skills, aptitudes, resources and preferences vary, their responses to displacement problems and resettlement opportunities too vary. Women constitute a vulnerable group because they may be excluded from participation at planning and implementation stages and as a consequence are often exposed to greater risk of impoverishment. The chapter presents a gender analysis, followed by responses by women PAPs to the preference survey and a list of measures aimed to provide them requisite support.

9.1 Gender Analysis Gender Mainstreaming field manual45 for water and sanitation projects was used as a guideline to identify and assess the nature and extent of impacts on female PAPs. Gender issues were mainstreamed during preparation stage by deploying various techniques – meetings with Women Affairs Departments at Woreda and kebele levels, FGDs with women’s groups, socio-economic and preference surveys. Gender analysis was conducted to identify positive and adverse impacts on the project affected women and the existing situation is presented below:

Role of Women in the project area: Women actively participate in all aspects of agriculture such as weeding, harvesting, land preparation, sowing and threshing except ploughing. They also have a major role in livestock production. In the household too, they prepare food, clean and manage the house, fetch water, collect firewood and take care of children, elders and other members of the family.

Gender Inequality and Discrimination: Different reasons have hindered women in enjoying their rights; benefit from available development opportunities and in decision-making. These include the gender division of labor, patriarchal systems working against women, limited membership in local institutions, gender biases of, and lack of access, to other critical resources and services. Harmful Traditional Practices (HTPs) such as early marriage worsen their situation. Landlessness, lack of financial capital, skills and capacity are major economic problems faced by rural women.

Limited control over Property and economic opportunity: Women have less control over property and other resources despite their active role in earning income. In Amhara region, majority of the rural women are farmers and even though land is a major asset in agriculture, women’s access and control over land is limited. About 47% of rural women in Amhara region own less than 1 ha of land. The proportion of households owning less than 0.5 ha is higher among female-headed households (41%) than male-headed Households (15%).46

Due to the adverse impacts induced the project, female PAP (including female headed households) would suffer:  as their sole economic asset is taken away either in full or in part;  physical displacement would lead to loss of family and community networks; and  lack of exposure to outside world would increase their inability to take up work outside their area

9.2 Women in the Project Area The project impacts 308 (30.40%) female owners. There 102 female owners in Amisteya kebele, 47 in Jara Shikra and 318 female owners in Medeb Gubda respectively. The life of women in the project area is characterized by subsistence mixed farming, traditional and cultural values. Illiteracy, limited or no exposure to the outside village due to remote location of kebele are dominant characteristics. The remote location of the kebeles particularly due to the difficult terrain of Medebgubda and Jara-Shikra kebeles, hinder women from having adequate contact with world outside their kebele.

45 Website of Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia 46 ANRS DPPC,2006

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Table 9.1 – No. of female PAPs remaining loss of land and structures Name of Total PAP losing PAPs PAP have PAPs have PAP has balance Kebele all land losing balance land balance land less land greater than or structure less than one than two kada (>1 equal to two kada kada47 and < 2 kada) Amisteya 102 18 20 14 33 37 Ayvaniva 0 0 0 0 0 0 Jara Shikra 47 0 2 1 10 36 Medeb Gubda 159 32 29 20 51 56 Total 308 50 31 35 94 129

Positive Impacts: Project will bring the following positive economic and social changes  Training in modern farming for those with balance landholdings outside of the reservoir affected area;  Reservoir fishery would be a potential occupation for those interested; and  Opportunities’ to sell different products due to improved infrastructural facilities and new population during the dam operation, would be enhanced.

From the preference surveys, 31 females are those losing structures and relocating. Of the total 30 females are relocating to urban sites while 1 is relocating to Amisteya rural land site (See Table 5.17, Chapter 5 on Project Impacts). In terms of preferences for income restoration, 64.15% of females Medebgubda preferred Crop Production on their balance land holdings, with balance indicating Petty Trade. In Jarashikra too, 95% preferred Crop Production. In Amisteya, responses were mixed with nearly a quarter of the total, preferring either crop production or Petty Trade or a mix of two or more than two trades. Livestock Fattening, Poultry Production, Beehive (Honey and Wax production) were very low amongst preferred trades either due to lack of knowledge or due to traditional mindset of farming.

Table 9.2 – Preferences for Income Restoration indicated by female PAPs Name of Total Preference for Trade for income restoration Kebele females Crop Livestock Dairy Milk Poultry Beehive Petty Multiple production Fattening Production Production Honey Trade trades Wax Amisteya 102 25 2 16 9 2 23 24 Ayvaniva not taken Jara Shikra 47 45 2 Medeb 159 102 0 0 0 0 57 0 Gubda

9.3 Gender Strategy and Action Plan Gender strategy aims at involvement of women at all stages of project and seek to provide them with adequate support measures in their rehabilitation efforts by utilizing services of professional agencies. It would require to: i) incorporate gender considerations at planning and implementation stages; ii) involve agencies with proven skills in handling women’s issues such as Women’s Affairs Office and other grassroots organizations/ associations that are operational in the area; and iii) ensure they have a voice by providing adequate representation in mandatory committees and implementing institutions such as agencies to be contracted for External evaluation and Income restoration. Action Plan includes the following mitigation measures.

47 1 kada equals 0.25 hectare

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9.3.1 Specific mitigation measures During the implementation of RAP, the specific measures are as follows: i) Payment of compensation and allowances: Since land is jointly owned, the compensation would be payable to both women and men equally rather than only to the male. Further, if the amount of compensation is small (below ETB 250), then it is recommended that payment be made in cash to these women PAPs as the cost of transaction – travel plus opening and maintaining a minimum balance in the Bank account might deter them taking any money. Payment would be made in the presence of members of the kebele administration and community; ii) Usage of Training budget: In cases where the PAP is a male with any disability, attempt would be made to counsel the PAP to let the female in the family utilize the training budget and provide her with a suitable training program. iii) Location and/or development of residential unit in resettlement sites: Include female PAPs in Relocation committees to ensure that cognizance is taken of women’s role, tasks and contribution to the household. Therefore planning of access paths, location of community facilities are critical aspects to which women can contribute effectively as they are primary users. These actions would lead to a well-developed resettlement site as well as reduce their burden significantly. Also as per Entitlement Matrix, support shall be provided in the design and re-construction of residential and other structures at the new site to vulnerable female PAPs. iv) Capacity building: Provision of training – financial literacy, other useful skills such as tailoring, embroidery, bamboo work, etc. shall help augment women’s capacity to undertake non-farm activities. The agency contracted for Income Restoration, in collaboration with the Microenterprise and Finance Office, and WoARD would ensure requisite training and credit. v) Income restoration: The contracted IR agency and Woreda Livelihood experts will hold separate meetings; assess their skill levels, interest, aptitude and risk-taking ability and plan suitable income restoration measures (farm or non-farm based as preferred). Emphasis would laid on well explaining to the females the potential pitfalls of pursuing Petty Trade as too many pursuing the same trade would cut into each other potential earning. vi) Include gender aspects clauses in Contracts: Project authorities would include relevant clauses in the scope of work during the post-construction/O&M stages of the Ribb Dam to give preference to women. These could include works such as housekeeping, maintenance of staff quarters, canteen, gardening, etc. vii) Facilities at Construction Camps such as Day crèche facilities will help solve the problems of such women who can leave behind their children in such a crèche and work for the day in the construction activities. In case, owing to the demand of a fast construction, a 24 hour-long work-schedule would be in operation, then women, especially the mothers with infants would to be exempted from night shifts as far as possible. Civil works contractor shall be responsible for the above interventions to the maximum extent possible and suitable provisions in this regard are incorporated in the bid documents. viii) HIV/AIDS and STD awareness campaigns about the possible spread and transmission of HIV/STDs. will be conducted by the female extension workers in the project area for the entire community. ix) Participations during consultations would be ensured WPITs, Woreda Administrations and other implementing institutions at all levels would particularly as they would make presence of women PAPs in consultations as mandatory, and hold separate meetings. Participation of representative(s) of the Women’s Affair Office would be ensured in such meetings; x) Involve Women Affairs departments in the WPITs and women’s associations at Kebele and Woreda level, local Organisations/NGOs in RAP implementation and other project related aspects.

9.3.2 Role of Women in Monitoring and Evaluation

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All aspects of RAP implementation – compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation, would be monitored & evaluated by using gender sensitive indicators. Table 9.3 presents a set of indicators Table 9.3 – Gender Sensitive Monitoring Indicators Parameters Indicators Physical Total number of female PAPs affected by kebele Number of female PAPs that have become landless i.e. lost all 100% of their landholding by kebele Total number of female PAPs with balance landholdings classified by (0.25 – 0.5 ha; 0.5 to 0.75 ha; 0.75 to 1.0 ha; 1.0 ha to 1.5 ha and 1.5 ha and above) Financial Number of female PAPs paid compensation (disaggregated by gender and quarter) (compensation/ Number of female PAPs not paid/received compensation (disaggregated by gender and quarter) by establishment) type of reason – unwilling to open bank account as amount is too small; are not living in the area, etc. Resettlement Number of female PAPs who shifted to resettlement sites by Phase and Number of female PAPs who shifted to other unaffected parcels rehabilitation Number of female PAPs who continue to reside in the same areas as before i.e. same kebele Number of female PAPs provided with plots and houses by Woreda Number of female PAPs provided with transportation arrangements to shift their belongings by Woreda Number of female PAPs who continue same ‘primary’ occupation as before (farming, petty trading) Number of female PAPs who have preferred to change occupation from land based to non-land based activities Number of female vulnerable PAPs by skill type Number and type of income generation options accepted by female PAPs (landless) Number of female PAPs enrolled into ongoing government programs (by type) Number of female PAPs and other vulnerable PAPs who have invested compensation amount into any productive economic asset e.g. ox, tool/machine implement for economic activity Social (Health) Number of counseling sessions attended to by female PAPs (by category) on HIV/Aids Number of female PAPs and non PAPs (females) provided with LLINs Number of meetings specifically held with respect to Malaria and HIV/Aids Number of female Health Extension Workers working in each Kebele and Woreda Processes Number of female PAPs counseled on judicious usage of compensation amount Number of FGDs held with communities by category and by kebele Type of issues raised, discussion points of each FGD Number of FGDs held with female PAPs by kebele Number of trainings provided by implementing agencies to female PAPs by type of training Number of visits by female PAPs for redressal of grievances Number of female PAPs who have approached courts Institutional Number of female officials (Women’s Affair office, Health office, HEW) working in or with WPITs Number of female members in each Committee (Relocation, Compensation Grievance Committee) by Woreda and Kebele Number of female members in each Committee by Woreda and Kebele Number of members of each grievance committee disaggregated by gender Number of females in the Income Restoration Agencies by position number of females as members of the External Evaluation Agency

See Annexure 14.1 for full list of monitoring indicators. Evaluation of Outcomes will consider the following broad parameters. See Table 9.4

Table 9.4 – Parameters for assessing quality of life Parameters Pre-project baseline Annual End of project Annual income values evaluation evaluation Occupation Landholding Material assets Access to basic services House type

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9.3.3 Representation in Committees and Institutions Details of representation of women in Committees and implementing institutions are presented below: i) Representation in Committees: Women PAPs (2) from the respective kebele would have proportional representation in the Relocation/Resettlement Committee. E.g. 2 Displaced PAPs or their female representatives of Farta Woreda will constitute the Committee. Their specific role would be: provide inputs and also be required to supervise the readiness/preparation of the respective resettlement site; and convey back to their communities on the status. Likewise, at least 2 women will be part of the Woreda level Grievance Redressal Committees constituted for compensation related case. ii) Women as key personnel in the Contracted Agencies: The services of Agencies to be contracted for Annual External Evaluation as well as for Income Restoration will be procured to implement the RAP following certain conditions:  The agency must propose at least one woman as part of the key personnel. The proposed women key person shall be available to work at site for at least 50% of the duration of the contract.  That the women key persons, if selected for the contract, may be replaced during the period of contract, only with women key persons of equivalent or better qualifications and experience.  The agency will depute a 'technical/sub-professional' team to work at the site, which will consist at least 33% of women members. Junior support personnel and administrative staff/drivers will not be considered as technical/professional.  External agency contracted to carry out Annual External Evaluation & for Income Restoration would have at least one woman member as key personnel in the team.

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CHAPTER 10 – INSTITUTIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK

Reservoir formation and resultant displacement leading to a change in livelihood patterns (land or non-land based) has inherent risks even if impacted assets are adequately compensated. In order to ensure that the process of compensation, resettlement and economic rehabilitation is well managed, support of and coordination by various agencies is a pre-requisite. Various agencies would be involved as resettlement and rehabilitation operations includes development of alternate resettlement sites, alternate livelihood restoration measures and prolonged period of re-establishment of livelihoods and restoration of income. A mix of institutions – government agencies at the Woreda and Regional levels and specialized technical agencies would be involved in RAP implementation. The PAD and PIM of ENIDP and also the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between MoWE and ANRS dated November 21, 2010, indicate the roles and responsibilities of different institutions and the reporting linkages between them.

10.1 National Level MoWE through its Irrigation and Drainage Department will be responsible for the overall project coordination. Details of federal level institutions are presented below:

National Project Steering Committee (NPSC): Steering committees will provide guidance to the Project Coordination Offices (PCOs) on management and implementation of the project at both Federal and Regional levels. At the Federal level, a National Project Steering Committee (NPSC) has been set up that is chaired by the State Minister of MoWE, and has the National Project Coordinator (NPC) as its secretary. Membership includes range of stakeholders including, but not limited to, representatives of MoARD, EPA, and MoFED at the federal level, and heads of Amhara BoWRD, BoARDs, Co-operative Promotion Agency (CPAs) and BoEPLAU. The NPSC is responsible to:  ensure pertinent government water sector policies and project objectives are adhered to;  review and approve annual programs, work plans and budgets;  monitor and evaluate the progress of the project; and  provide guidance and advice to the project.

The NPSC meets at least twice annually and cost of these meetings is financed by the project.

National Project Coordination Office (NPCO): MoWE has established a Project Coordination Office (PCO), headed by NPC. The NPCO is assisted by consultants and contractual staff in the areas of finance, contract administration/ procurement, M&E and for PPP development. The specific role and responsibilities of MoWE with respect to RAP preparation and implementation are as follows: a) identify eligible PAPs through the contracted RAP consultant; b) together with the relevant regional bodies – Woreda PIT, BoEPLAU (Amhara), verify the list of eligible PAPs and the amount of compensation; c) prepare budget in accordance with the RAP; d) pass the order of payment of compensation together with the list of PAPs, to the regional Woreda Finance office; e) receive accounting report periodically; f) receive account books once payment of compensation is completed; and g) allocate budget to the temporary woreda accountants

A Sociologist is deployed at MoWE for provision of necessary support in review of RAP documents, facilitating and liaising with RPCO and Regional BoEPLAU on preparation of budget for compensation and assistances payment. S/he will be also participate in: a) internal quarterly monitoring by undertaking field visits b) contribute to preparation of RAP implementation progress reports for submission to and review by WB task team; and

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c) Responsible for necessary coordination of events such launch workshop and annual review workshop

10.2 Regional Level Roles of different regional bodies who would be involved in RAP implementation are given below:

10.2.1 Regional Project Steering Committee (RPSC) RPSC has been formed under the chairmanship of the Regional President and comprises members from Bureaus of Water Resources Development (BoWRD), Agriculture and Rural development (BoARD); Environmental Protection and Land Administration and Use (BoEPLAU), Co-operative Promotion Agency, Food Security and Disaster Management Office, Health, Planning and Economic Development, Trade and Industry, Womens’ Affairs Office and representatives of at least two Water Users Associations. Membership as required can be extended to representatives from local universities, NGOs and private sector organisations. The RPSC is responsible to:  oversee the implementation of the project within the region,  approve Annual Work plans and budgets;  monitor and evaluate the progress of the project; and  provide guidance and advice to the Regional Project Coordinator and the implementing agencies.

The Committee meets at least quarterly and cost of these meetings is financed by the project.

10.2.2 Regional Project Coordination Office (RPCO) A RPCO is operational at Bahir Dar, Amhara Region that is appointed by the Office of the Regional President, located at BoFED. The RPCO is assisted by full time contractual staff in the areas of M&E and database management. It is responsible for coordination of project activities among different participating agencies, particular BoEPLAU, BoWRD and BoARD. It also liaises with concerned Woreda administrations. Its’ role specific to the RAP implementation is to: i) provide funds to the Regional BoEPLAU for RAP implementation; and ii) receive and review reports.

Regional BoEPLAU: The roles and responsibilities of BoEPLAU are the following: a) carry out duties in accordance with laws regarding expropriation; b) carry out valuation of properties of PAPs eligible for compensation and measurement of land together with appropriate bodies; c) approve list of PAPs eligible for compensation prepared by Farta and Ebinat Woreda and pass to MoWE together with necessary information and details of payment; and d) decide on estimate of compensation in accordance with its duties

Regional Bureau of Finance and Economic Development (Amhara BoFED): The roles and responsibilities of BoFED are the following: a) give the necessary orders to the Woreda in order to carry out its duties successfully; b) open a bank account near to the Woredas for payment of compensation payment; c) supervise and support Woredas in the process of payment of compensation; and d) give necessary training to the temporary accountants and treasury.

Social Development Specialist: MoWE has employed a Social Development Specialist on a contractual basis. The Specialist will report to BoEPLAU, Amhara and will liaison OoEPLAU of the project affected woredas. The Specialist will also have horizontal relationship with the Woreda Project Implementing Teams as well as RPCO. The objectives of the social development specialist’s service are to: a) establish regular communication with key implementing agencies and agree on implementation plan and budget, roles and responsibilities as agreed in the RAP b) maintain day to day contact with local communities to ensure that they are informed and their concerns are addressed immediately.

Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme – Final Report Page 108 Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project c) ensure that activities outlined in the RAP such as measurement of assets, notification for land acquisition, relocation and compensation are done on time in a transparent manner and compensations are as specified in the RAP. d) ensure that the grievances are addressed in time and adequately in accordance with the grievance mechanism outlined in the RAP.

For detailed scope of services of Social Development Specialist48 refer to Annexure 10.1. In addition the specialist would be required to provide information as necessary and provide support to / liaison with the agencies that are contracted for Income Restoration, Annual External Evaluation, etc. that are involved in implementation

10.3 Woreda level institutions Roles and responsibilities of Woreda level institutions are given below: Project Implementation Team (WPITs) WPITs of Farta and Ebinat are established for the Project, in collaboration with respective Woreda Administrations. These comprise heads of the Woredas of Agriculture and Rural Developoment (WoARD), Water Resources desk, Finance, information, SME/SMIs and other relevant offices with the Head of WoARD as the Team Leader. Further they comprise representatives from the Women’s Affair Office and Health Offices. At least three (3) members of the committee shall be women. Depending upon the tasks, WPITs would organize their work into smaller teams or sub-WPITs in order to carry out multiple tasks in parallel. The WPITs will be responsible for disseminating project information to the communities. Specifically, it will carry out the following activities: Compensation related tasks  opening of Bank accounts for PAPs;  preparation and provision of Entitlement Certificate  issuance of Notification of expropriation;  payment of compensation and task of vacating of land; Relocation and Resettlement related tasks  hold meetings with those PAPs who are to relocate level with host community;  develop resettlement sites;  make arrangements for the process of relocation of PAPs to a identified resettlement site; and  provide necessary support in reconstruction of houses, particularly to vulnerable PAPs; Rehabilitation – Income Restoration related tasks  disseminate information to PAPs;  support implementation of Income Restoration Activities (by supporting the contracted specialized agency);  facilitate meetings at Kebele level and with host community  develop special assistance plans for each of the vulnerable households;  provide necessary support in implementation of farmer trainings  support mitigation measures for kebele o commence tree nursery/plantation programs in identified lands within kebeles and other extension activities; o support HEWs in administration of Anti HIV/Aids and Anti-Malaria measures;  support Internal Monitoring of RAP (by providing necessary information to the higher authorities);

Woreda OoEPLAUs (Ebinat and Farta): The roles and responsibilities of OoEPLAU are the following: a) carry out its duties in accordance with land regarding expropriation;

48 Includes the scope of services of RIDP as a whole i.e. tasks for command area as well

Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme – Final Report Page 109 Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project b) carry out valuation of properties of PAPs eligible for compensation and measurement of land together with appropriate bodies by participating in the survey committees jointly with the survey team of contracted RAP consultant; c) Approve list of PAPs eligible for compensation and pass to MoWE together with necessary information and details of payment; and d) Decide on estimate of compensation in accordance with its duties, prepare valuation document and get it approved by the Woreda Cabinet

Finance and Economic Development Office of the Woreda: The roles and responsibilities of Finance and Planning Office are the following: a) Pass to the Finance and Economic Development office in writing the money of the Secretary and Finance Office operating the account opened for the budget allocated to the payment of compensation b) Help those entitled PAPs to open a bank account in the commercial bank nearby their area; c) Pay the entitled persons in accordance with the list approved by MoWE; d) Employ accountants to determine budget for payment of compensation sent from Federal ministry office; e) Prepare office space for the same purpose; f) Carry out the necessary checking of the process of opening a bank account to ensure the right entitled person is to receive compensation; and g) Prepare and send periodical finance report to the MoWE

Woreda Administrator: The roles and responsibilities of Administrators are the following: a) ensure grievances are promptly answered; and b) counsel PAPs in order to avoid unnecessary spending and to use money judiciously

Livelihood Expert: Further Livelihood expert would be hired at Farta Woreda to be based out of either the WoARD or Micro and Small Enterprise Office. The expert would be a play a facilitating and supporting role to the contracted Income Restoration Agency(ies). S/he and the Expert at Ebinat Woreda, would also be a part of the WPITs and report to the Woreda Administrations and BoEPLAU. S/he would be hired for a period of at least four (4) years.

Kebele Administration: Kebele Administration assists in identification of affected assets and persons by accompanying the Survey and Asset Inventory teams. Later, they assist the Compensation Valuation Committees in the valuation exercise. In particular their functions are to: a) nominate members to survey and valuation committees and provide necessary support for the committees; b) coordinate the payment of compensation to PAPs and other entitlements, shifting to resettlement sites, disseminate information on the project and support in administration of the various mitigation measures; c) to provide information to the grievance redress mechanism as necessary for grievance resolution.

Food Security Monitoring Disaster Prevention, Food Security Office and Safety Net Program Coordination Office at Bahir Dar will support the WPITs in addition to the support received from Woreda Council, WOARD and Kebele Administration and Kebele Food Security Task Force (KFSTF) in monitoring the food security situation of vulnerable PAHs. These agencies will also monitor the food situation for other PAHs i.e. those non-vulnerable and recommend appropriate actions with respect to inclusion or otherwise.

10.4 Implementation responsibilities RPCO has an overall coordination of RAP activities at the regional level while the NPCO provides oversight, reporting, technical support and most of all facilitation. The SD specialist for Ribb (housed at BOEPLUA) is supported by the 3 team of experts in both Farta and Ebnat Woredas. These six experts will report to the Woreda and also to the SD Specialist for Ribb at the regional level. Specialized agency contracted for IR activities will support the SD specialist for Ribb who would report both to BEPLAU and RPCO who will be accountable for the overall coordination of RAP which is also part of project coordination- both are mutually interdependent. Table

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10.1 below presents the key implementation activities along with agencies that will be primarily responsible and other agencies that are likely to be involved. It is also based on the Annual Action Plan prepared by Regional BoEPLAU for the year 2012-13 for RAP implementation and monitoring activities along with the institutions responsible.

Table 10.1 – Implementation Activities along with responsibility of agencies involved S.No. Activity Individual/Agency with primary Other agencies involved, if any, responsibility for support/ participation 1 Determination of PAPs for phase MoWE, RPCO, WPITs, Regional BoEPLAU, Construction wise planning based on construction Contractor of Ribb Dam, Social requirements (borrow pits and Development Specialist, Ribb submergence) Project 2 Operationalizing Grievance Amhara Regional Administration, MoWE Redressal mechanisms Woreda Administration and Kebele 3 RAP approval and Public disclosure- MoWE, RPCO Sociologist, MoWE, Regional cum-launch workshop Agencies, WB, Social Development Specialist, Ribb Project 4 Opening of Bank accounts for PAPs Woreda Finance Office, WPITs, Women’s Affairs department, Social Development Specialist, Ribb Project 5 Development of resettlement sites WPIT (Relocation committee), Social Women’s Affairs Department, and construction of residential units Development Specialist, Ribb Project, Urban Office of the Woreda and provision of other amenities PAPs and Women PAPs 6 Conducting of Training program for Social Development Specialist, Ribb RPCO officials Project, Regional bodies (BoARD, BoEPLAU) 7 Holding of kebele level consultations Social Development Specialist, Ribb Regional BoEPLAU and also with host community Project , WPIT, kebele administration Holding of FGDs with vulnerable Social Development Specialist, Ribb Woreda Health Office PAPs Project, WPIT, Woreda Women’s Affairs Office 8 Preparation of compensation WPIT Regional BoEPLAU, Social entitlements Development Specialist, Ribb Project 9 Preparation of RAP database MoWE, Specialized agency Regional BoEPLAU 10 Issuance of Notification of WPIT, Woreda Administrations, Regional BoEPLAU and MoWE, expropriation Social Development Specialist, Ribb Project 11 Development of special assistance WPITs, Livelihood experts, Specialized Social Development Specialist, plans for vulnerable households agency contracted for Income Ribb Project Restoration 12 Commencing of tree WPITs Regional BoEPLAU nursery/plantation programs in identified lands 13 Provision of entitlement certificate WPITs Regional BoEPLAU, Social Development Specialist, Ribb Project 14 Payment of compensation and WPITs Regional Administration, Social vacation of land Development Specialist, Ribb Project 15 Counselling regarding judicious use Woreda Finance Office Woreda Administration, Women’s of compensation amount Affairs office (for women PAPs) 16 Contracting of specialized agencies MoWE for income restoration programs 17 Contracting of Agency for carrying MoWE out Annual External Evaluation 18 Contracting of Agency for mass MoWE

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Table 10.1 – Implementation Activities along with responsibility of agencies involved S.No. Activity Individual/Agency with primary Other agencies involved, if any, responsibility for support/ participation media programs 19 Relocation of PAPs to a new location WPITs Woreda and Regional Administration (particularly for Farta Woreda displaces) 20 Administration of Anti-HIV/Aids and Anti-Malaria measures Social Mobilization for awareness WPITs, Woreda Health Office, Women’s Regional Health Office (for campaigns regarding HIV/Aids and Affair Department IEC/BCC material, logistic support) Malaria Distribution of LLINs Woreda Health Office, Health Extension WPIT Indoor Residual Spray Workers Enhancing of implementation capacity for distribution of condoms and ART 21 Internal Monitoring of RAP RPCO, Region BoEPLAU, MoWE, Social Development implementation Specialist, Ribb Project 22 Implementation of Income Specialized agency contracted for IR Regional BoEPLAU, Social Restoration activities activities & Livelihood Expert of Development Specialist, Ribb respective Woredas Project 23 Implementation and Monitoring of WPITs, Woreda Council, WOARD, Kebele Food Security Programs for Administration and Kebele Food Vulnerable Households Security Task Force (KFSTF) 24 Implementation of Farmer Trainings WPITs WoARD, BoARD 25 Annual External Evaluation Specialized agency contracted by MoWE, WB periodically (for review MoWE of safeguards compliance) 26 Annual Project Review Workshop MoWE WB Source: Annual Action Plan, August 2013 BoEPLAU, ANRS and SMEC, 2013

10.5 Reporting linkages Reporting linkages take into account the decentralized administrative and development management structure and institutions within Amhara regional administration. The WPITs (including members from the kebele administration) shall prepare and submit regular reports (monthly, quarterly, and annually) to Regional Bodies who then shall submit reports to the MoWE through the RPCO. These form part of the project management information system and are an essential input for monitoring and evaluation. Figure 10.1 depicts the information and reporting linkages in ENIDP specific to RAP preparation and implementation.

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MoWE

National

PSC National Project Coordinator ANRS President’s Ribb Office Scheme Regional Bureau/ Agency PSC Heads

BoFED

Amhara Regional BoWRD/WoWRD Project Coordinator BoARD/WoARD

ARARI Woreda Project Implementation Teams: Ebinat and Farta BoEPLAU./OoEPLAU U Other RAP implementation Partner agencies Kebeles and Communities

= Information and reporting links. Include submission of AWPBs, periodic reporting & participation in M&E Activities

Figure 10.1 - Overall Information and Reporting Links for RAP implementation

Source: Adapted from Section III, Project Implementation Manual, ENIDP, 2007

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CHAPTER 11 – BUDGET ESTIMATES FOR RAP IMPLEMENTATION

The chapter presents rates applied for computation for compensation of affected assets and applicable assistances to PAPs as per the Entitlement framework. It then presents the estimates for various RAP activities such as preparation of resettlement site facilities, contracting of External Agencies for support in income restoration, and External Evaluation, etc. Budget estimates for RAP implementation has been prepared by inclusion of items in the following categories: a) cost of measures directly towards PAPs i.e. of compensation, allowances, trainings, resettlement site; b) cost of other mitigation measures towards project affected kebeles; c) cost of implementation (mechanisms, processes, field administration), monitoring and grievance redressal measures; and contingency

Detailed costs based on above categories are presented below:

11.1 Cost of mitigation measures for PAPs i) Compensation of expropriated assets: The rates and amounts are from approved compensation documents by both Ebinat and Farta Woredas and Regional BoEPLAU, November 2013. All compensation for loss of crop production and grazing lands are computed for 10 years displacement compensation.

For privately owned rainfed and irrigated farm land: Rain-fed land is compensated at ETB 241062586.2 while Irrigated land is valued at ETB 5324138.768.

Private Lands – Rainfed Private Lands – Irrigated Name of Kebele Area (ha) Amount (ETB) Area (ha) Amount (ETB) Amestiya 340.85353 88031,559.49 9.38769 4511911.57 Ayvaniva 2.3298 588954.62 0 0.00 Jara Shikra 134.0878 33896312.41 1.952 812227.20 Medeb Gubda 468.946 118545759.72 0 0.00 Total 946.21713 241062586.2 11.34 5324138.77

For privately owned grazing land: privately owned or common grazing land is compensated at ETB 1100423.26 Private grazing Lands Name of Kebele Area (ha) Amount (ETB) Amestiya 7.16176 1002646.40 Ayvaniva 0 0.00 Jara Shikra 0 0.00 Medeb Gubda 0.8004 97,776.86 Total 7.96216 1100423.26

For impacted structures:, The cost of structures with Corrugated Iron sheet roof, in Amestiya kebele, Ebinat Woreda is ETB 673.69/m2, while in kebeles in Farta Woreda, ETB 631.89/m2. The cost varies in Thatched roof structures too as the rate in Ebinat is ETB 500/m2 while it is ETB 476/m2 in Farta Woreda.

Corrugated Iron Sheet roofed Thatched Roofed Total Name of Kebele Floor Area Amount Floor Area Amount Floor Area Amount (m2) (ETB) (m2) (ETB) (m2) (ETB) Amestiya 1041.133 701403.70 1395.174 697586.76 2436.31 1398990.46 Ayvaniva 0 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 Jara Shikra 152.7 96489.60 87.14771 41482.31 239.85 137971.91 Medeb Gubda 1159.32 732562.46 761.4793 362464.16 1920.80 1095026.62

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Total 2353.152 15,30,455.77 2243.801 1101533.22 4596.95 2631988.99 for perennial crops (yielding and non-yielding): Rates of perennial crops vary depending on whether they are yielding or not and also between Woredas. The total compensation amount for the 2629 trees is ETB 1816896. (See Annexure 11.1 for rates of crops by type)

Name of Kebele No. Amount (ETB) Amestiya 2436 619565 Ayvaniva 0 0 Jara Shikra 39 431111 Medebgubda 154 766220 Total 2629 1816896 for Eucalyptus trees: Eucalyptus trees are calculated based on their development level as recorded during the asset inventory survey. Rates vary depending upon size of the tree and between kebeles within and across the Woredas (See Appendix 11.1 for rates of tree by size). Name of Kebele No. Amount (ETB) Amestiya 26268 282112.00 Ayvaniva 0 0 Jara Shikra 11353 572656.80 Medeb Gubda 95047 841983.80 Total 132668 1696752.60 for Natural trees: Rates of different species vary depending upon size of the tree and between kebeles across the Woredas (See Appendix 11.1 for rates of tree by size). For the total 30601 trees, compensation amount of ETB 4857360 is payable. Name of Kebele Total Amount (ETB) Amestiya 10804 1911330.00 Ayvaniva 11 1475.00 Jara Shikra 1745 306040.00 Medeb Gubda 18041 2638515.00 Total 30601 4857360.00 ii) Development of Resettlement site: Cost estimates are presented below Cost Estimate for Preparation Works at Resettlement Site for 54 Households at Debre Tabor Town Items Amount (ETB) 1. Site Prepration Works 7384.00 2. Electrical Work 12620.00 3.Sanitary 11725.00 TOTAL (B) 31729.00 10% Contingency (10% of C) = 3172.90 34901.90 Grand Total (For One HH) 1884702.60 Improved Access gravel road for whole site including 10% Contingency (E) 30888.00 Thus for 54 the HH in the Site One 1915590.60 *Above calculations are estimated purely for the purpose of RAP preparation. Actual cost may vary

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Cost Estimate for Resettlement Site at Ebinat Woreda Town Centre:

Items Amount (ETB) 1. Site Works 8298.8 2. Electrical Work 12620 3. Water Supply 11725 TOTAL (B) 32643.8 10% Contingency (10% of A) =B 3264.38 Sub- Total (For One HH) (A+B)=C 35908.18 Thus for 24 the HH in the Site One (B+C)=D 861796.32 Retining Walls for whole site with 10% Contingency (E) 50407.5 Grand Total (D+E) 912203.82 *Above calculations are estimated purely for the purpose of RAP preparation. Actual cost may vary Source: SMEC Engineering Team, 2014

(Refer to Appendix 11.1 in CD for cost estimate prepared by SMEC Ethiopia for details).

Cost Estimate for communal land site at Amisteya kebele: An estimated amount of ETB 30,000 is provided towards land leveling for 0.349 ha of land. iii) Support Grants (Economic Rehabilitation Grant and Training Grant for eligible PAPs)  Economic Rehabilitation Grant of ETB 10000 for 653 PAPs : ETB 6530000  Training Grant of ETB 500 for 438 PAPs : ETB 219000

11.2 Cost of mitigation measures toward project affected kebeles iv) For farm land owned by Kebele and Church: Farm land owned by Kebele is compensated at ETB 707564.584 and by Churches is compensated ETB 605315.625. Kebele Lands Church Lands Name of Kebele Area (ha) Amount (ETB) Area (ha) Amount (ETB) Amestiya 0 0.00 2.34375 6,05,315.63 Ayvaniva 0 0.00 0 0.00 Jara Shikra 0 0.00 0 0.00 Medeb Gubda 2.799 707564.58 0 0.00 Total 2.80 707564.58 2.34 605315.64

For communal grazing land and grazing land owned by Church: Communal land owned by kebele is valued at ETB 10892310.03. Grazing land owned by Church is compensated at ETB 7973

Communal Lands Church Lands Name of Kebele Area (ha) Amount (ETB) Area (ha) Amount (ETB) Amestiya 42.81086 6885425.38 0.05695 7973.00 Ayvaniva 0 0.00 0 0.00 Jara Shikra 9.4783 1157869.13 0 0.00 Medeb Gubda 23.322 2849015.52 0 0.00 Total 75.61116 10892310.03 0.05695 7973.00 v) Cost of provision of ferry service (boat): Two boats organized as a ferry service shall be provided for Jara Shikra kebele to overcome the access loss. The cost is estimated ETB 120,000 for each Tanqua. Total ETB 240,000. vi) Provision of a health post: As per standard costs given by the Regional and Woreda Health offices, the project will provide a Health Post at Jara Shikra kebele at a cost of ETB 600,000.

Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme – Final Report Page 116 Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project vii) Anti-Malaria measures: As vector borne diseases such as malaria shall impact all households within the four project affected kebeles, the budget estimate for the mitigation measures is towards the entire population in the three kebeles. The cost towards Social mobilization, Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and distribution of LLINs (new nets and also replacement of old nets) is estimated below:

Activity Description No. Unit Rate (in ETB) Total cost (in ETB) Social Logistics and 4 Lumpsum /year 6000 24000 mobilization distribution of IEC materials for 4 years Provision of 2 nets per household 6000 Per net 90 540000 LLINs for 3000* households in the four kebeles. Indoor Equipment costs+ Lumpsum Lumpsum 150000 Residual chemical plus labor Spray TOTAL 714000 Source: Woreda Health Office, 2012 *estimate based on population figures of kebeles viii)Anti -HIV/AIDS measures: As in-migration is happening already during the Ribb dam construction period, measures are required to be taken. Cost breakup for these measures is presented below:  distribution of condoms – ETB 50000;  other counseling sessions/meetings by Health Office Extension workers – ETB 100000  field administration – included in overall field administration costs Total: ETB 150000

11.3 Cost of implementation ix) Training/Capacity Building activities for officials: Capacity building activities shall be carried out for member of Committees for Compensation, Relocation and Resettlement and Grievance Redressal. It is expected each committee shall comprise a maximum of six members and shall participate in 12 trainings across first four years. Additionally Social Development experts at the Woreda and Region too shall attend these trainings.

Committee No. of Per diem (for 2 days) No. of trainings No. of trainings Amount members + transportation per year across years (ETB) Compensation committee 6 400 3 6 14400 (two years only) Grievance committee 6 400 3 18 43200 (compensation) (three years only) Relocation and 4 400 1 1 1600 resettlement committee (only one year) Social development 2 400 3 12 9600 experts Total 68800 Total Amount (with 10% escalation across three years) rounded off 75700 x) cost of hiring livelihood experts at Woredas: Six experts - Livelihood experts (2), Resettlement Experts (2) and Community Consultation Expert (2) – one each at Ebinat and Farta with appropriate degree and at least 8-10 years’ experience. Cost based on prevalent rates and required duration are estimated below:

No. of Experts Rate/year No. of Years Amount for 4 years (with a 10% annual increase)* in ETB 6 60000 4 2108300

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*based on performance xi) Holding of disclosure workshop: The RAP disclosure workshop event shall be held at a convenient location in the woredas/region and would be attended by various stakeholders at all levels. A lumpsum amount of ETB 1,00,000 is provisioned. xii) Contracting of mass media agency: MoWE shall contract a specialized mass media agency for dissemination of RAP and other project information from time to time. The translated version of RAP shall be disseminated to all the relevant bodies. Also the project’s salient features and Entitlements of PAPs shall be disseminated and communicated through designing and production of brochures. A lumpsum amount of ETB 300000 is provisioned for across 5 years. xiii)Internal Monitoring: A Lumpsum amount of ETB 1000000 across the five years is provided for internal monitoring to be carried out by RPCO and the Social Development Specialist, Ribb Scheme (MOWE) at Regional BoEPLAU. It shall cover the cost of preparation of monitoring reports and development and maintenance of RAP database as well. xiv)Contracting of an Income restoration support agency: MoWE will contract a specialized agency for income restoration for a period of five (5) years. Cost break up with intermittent inputs of key experts is given below:

Item Rate/month No. of months Amount (in (in ETB) across 5 years ETB) Livelihood Expert (incl. 1 Team Leader) with degree in social 50000 120 6000000 sciences minimum of 12-15 years of experience, with proven experience in developing and implementing income generation/livelihood programs and solid knowledge of existing government programs and enrollment requirements – 2 persons Sociologist (1) with minimum of ten years of experience 30000 60 1800000 working in the rural development sector and prior experience of coordination of trainings, etc Community Mobilization Expert (1) with minimum of ten years 25000 60 1500000 of experience interactions with communities and experience in mobilization and group formation, etc. Market Assessment (one time activity) LUMPSUM 100000 Vehicle and Fuel 30000 60 1800000 Miscellaneous (field personnel, stationery, materials; other LUMPSUM 500000 expenses) Total 11700000 Amount (with 5% annual escalation across five years) 1422000049 xv) Annual External Evaluation: External Evaluation would be carried out by a contracted agency at the end of every year50 and shall be carried out at least five (5) years, beginning end of Year 1 of RAP implementation. Estimates are presented below: Item Unit Rate Total days/ months Amount (ETB) per Year in 5 years Social Development Expert – Team Leader (15 Month 60000 1.5 8 480000 years’ experience) Livelihood Expert (15 years’ experience) Month 50000 2 10 500000 Vehicles (including fuel) for approx.20 days/audit Day 2000 20 100 200000 Data collectors (2) Day 300 30 150 45000 Miscellaneous (Stationery, camera, report per 15000 75000 production costs) evaluation

49 Amount provisioned should be reviewed after every 1 year 50 could be carried out by the same agency every year or by a different agency as felt necessary upon review

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Total 1300000 Total Amount with (with 5% annual escalation across five years) and rounded off 1580000 xvi) Field administration budget inclusive of vehicles and fuel is provisioned at 15% of the total department expenditure (vii to xi above).

Consolidated budget summary is presented in Table 11.1 below: Table 11.1 – Consolidated Budget Summary for RAP Implementation of Ribb Reservoir Scheme Items Amount A. Cost of Mitigation measures towards PAPs i) Compensation Farm land Rainfed land 241062586.20 Irrigated land 5324138.77 Grazing land 1100423.26 Structures 2631988.99 Perennial Crops 1816896 Eucalyptus Trees 1696752.60 Natural Trees 4857360.00 ii) Development of resettlement sites (site preapration works) Debre Tabor site for 54 households 1915590.60 Ebinat Woreda Town centre site for 24 households 912203.82 Amisteya Communal land site (land levelling) 3000.00 iii) Support Grants for Income Restoration Economic Rehabilitation Grant including Training Grant (653 PAPs) 6530000 Training Grant (438 PAPs) 219000 SUB-TOTAL (i to iv) 268096940.24 B. Cost of mitigation measures towards Project Affected Kebeles iv) Compensation farm land (Kebele) 707564.584 communal land (kebele) 10892310.03 farm land (Church) 605315.625 grazing land (Church) 7973 v) provision of ferry service (Tanquas – 2 nos) 240000 vi) cost of provision of health centre at Jarashikra 6,00,000 vii) anti-malaria measures 714,000 viii) anti-HIV/Aids measures 150,000 SUB-TOTAL (i to iv) 13917163.24 C. Cost of implementation, monitoring, training and grievance redressal ix) Training/capacity building activities for officials 75,700 x) Hiring of livelihood experts at Woredas 2108300 xi) Holding of disclosure workshop 100000 xii) Contracting of a mass media agency 300000 xiii) Internal monitoring by BoEPLAU, RPCO and development/maintenance of 1000000 RAP database xiv) Hiring of a specialized Income restoration agency 14220000 xv) Hiring of an External Evaluation Agency 1580000 xvi) Field Administration (Meetings, fuel, per diems) – 15% of total (ix to xiii) 331245 SUB-TOTAL (i to viii) 19921600 TOTAL (A+B+C) 305507346 D. Contingency Contingency (to meet any unforeseen impacts or escalation in estimated costs) – 9165220.38 3% of total (A + B + C) GRAND TOTAL (A+B+C+D) 314672566

The cost of implementing the RAP for Ribb Reservoir Scheme shall be ETB 314672600 (R/O).

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CHAPTER 12 – IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

12.1 Schedule of RAP Implementation As of April 2014, the percentage of completion of the Ribb dam stands at 59.45% with the proposed completion by June 2015 and all lands expected to be submerged by October 2016. The progress in construction of the Ribb Dam, will result in submergence of different areas in a phased manner. Hence a phased approach to RAP implementation will be required. Tasks such as provision of entitlement certificates and compensation payments, task of relocation of PAPs resettlement sites, income restoration measures, training and formation of committees will be some of the key activities. All activities in RAP implementation are listed below:

1. Operationalize Grievance mechanisms: Grievance redressal cells at kebele and woreda levels will be operationalized (as already existing) and provided with training as required to execute their tasks (See Chapter 15 on Grievance redressal mechanisms).

2. Disclosure of Draft RAP: The draft RAP would be disclosed by MoWE on their site as well at Bank’s Infoshop for any feedback. For this purpose, the Executive Summary and main report will be translated into Amharic; the full RAP would be disclosed on MoWE’s website and Public Information Centre (PIC)/Infoshop of WB.

3. Determine number of PAPs to devise a Phase-wise plan: As already some PAPs have lost and been compensated for land parcels due to exigencies of work., the WPITs will obtain the construction schedule from the Dam Contractor that specifies the areas that shall be: i) used for construction purposes such as borrow pits or quarry sites; and ii) areas submerged and the time period when it is likely. It shall help to prepare a clear list of PAPs who need to be addressed on priority, provide them with stipulated time following issuance of expropriation notification, prepare a relocation plan, urgently plan the preparation of resettlement sites process and pay entitlements before physical displacement.

4. Updation of RAP: Some missed out/unsurveyed areas within the project zone will be surveyed and assets and PAPs will be enumerated

5. RAP approval and Public disclosure-cum-Launch Workshop: Upon completion of survey exercise and incorporation of feedback, if any, the RAP would be finalized. NPCO, MoWE and RPCO shall be responsible to conduct a public consultation and the disclosure workshop at an appropriate location either in Ebinat or at Farta Woreda. The Project launch workshop will held to disseminate project information and involve Representatives of affected kebeles (PAPs and non-PAPs), kebele administration, WPIT, Region Administration, BoEPLAU, and other NGOs/potential partner agencies.

6. Conduct Training Programme for Officials: Capacity building of WPIT team, members of BoEPLAU, kebele administration officials and PAPs’ representatives will be carried out on various issues such as: delivering entitlement to the affected people; handling of grievances at periodic intervals. Orientation and Refresher trainings periodically would be provided through the implementation period.

7. Development of resettlement sites: Based on: i) the construction schedule obtained from the Contractor and ii) preferences expressed by PAPs in shifting to other areas, work on development of the identified resettlement sites would commence. All amenities and basic infrastructural facilities in the resettlement sites would be completed before actual relocation. In relocation, WPITs would assist to:  disclose entitlements and allotment of residential units (where applicable) to PAPs; and  in collection/salvaging of personal and other household belongings from the evacuated site

8. Open Bank accounts for PAPs: Compensation committee will counsel PAPs to open joint bank accounts

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i.e. in the name of husband and wife. Information on necessary documentation and other support will be provided. Necessary assistance will be provided to the illiterate or differently abled PAPs.

9. Hold Kebele level meetings: Compensation and Relocation Committees (along with the Social. Experts from Woreda and Regional) will hold kebele level consultations to inform PAPs regarding:  distribution of entitlement certificates;  size of plot of land to be given, in the resettlement site  relocation to resettlement site for those who indicated such preference; and  the area of submergence and specify till what date PAPs can continue to cultivate their lands safely. It shall enable PAPs to act in accordance and also help avoid grievances relating to damage to land caused by flooding due to construction works and other accidents.

10. Preparation of compensation entitlements: Based on the construction schedule, WPITs shall prepare entitlement certificates for PAPs.

11. Preparation of RAP database: A RAP database would be prepared and maintained at Woreda level. All information regarding PAPs/PAHs such as quantum of land lost, trees, structures and other assets; information on each PAP such as income levels by source, occupation, livestock holdings, etc. shall be recorded. The RAP database would enable effective monitoring and evaluation, besides enable generation of periodic reports for submission to MoWE and donor – World Bank.

12. Notification of expropriation: MoWE and BoEPLAU would support and facilitate WPITs in issuance of expropriation notifications that indicates time by which to vacate their lands, harvest crops (if any). For illiterate PAPs, Woreda administration shall assist to convey the information in an appropriate manner. Prior to issuance, the list of PAPs would be updated in the event of any land transfer as gift or some PAP has expired.

13. Develop special assistance plans for PAHs: WPITs shall development special assistance plans for the identified vulnerable households. Prior to preparation, the number of vulnerable households should be updated and finalized owing to: balance numbers identified from the survey of previously unsurveyed areas, any event such as death leading to change in vulnerability status.

14. Enrollment into food security programs (PSNP) for vulnerable households: Finalize list of vulnerable households for enrolment and process for enrolment into PSNP.

15. Commence tree nursery/plantation programs: WPITs along with Agricultural Extension offices of respective Woredas shall commence activities such as tree nursery on identified lands within kebeles by providing appropriate guidance and counselling to communities – both PAHs and non PAHs.

16. Provide Entitlement Certificate: Regional BoEPLAU shall support WPITs to prepare and issue Entitlement Certificate to all PAPs. The activity of provision would be preceded by kebele level consultations primarily to avoid any dissent or grievance, particularly as provision of compensation and other entitlements would be carried out in a phased manner.

17. Payment of compensation and vacation of land: All handing over of the property such as land, building and payment of compensation will be made in the presence of PAP and the kebele compensation committee. Payments will be made directly to PAP’s bank account (or in cash for smaller payments) no later than thirty (30) days before the date by which the land must be vacated. In case the land holder has a crop to be harvested on any other property that requires time for collection, the Woreda administrator, under request will extend the date by sixty (60 days) from the date the compensation is deposited.

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18. Counsel on the judicious use of compensation amount: Woreda Finance office, Woreda Administrator (or Woreda Administration) and Woreda Women’s Affairs Office shall counsel PAPs individually or in groups as required on the judicious utilization of compensation money.

19. Contract agency/agencies specializing in developing Income restoration programs: MoWE shall contract organizations with experience in implementing various livelihood programs with well-defined TORs. Woreda OoEPLAU, Micro and Small Scale Enterprise Office at Woreda with support from specialized agencies (e.g. ADA, ORDA, etc.).

20. Relocation of PAPs to a new location: The PAPs will be given a specific time period to relocate from their current location to the new location i.e. new residential units, at the identified location and shifted in phases to the identified resettlement sites.

21. Administration of Anti HIV/Aids and Anti-Malaria measures: Distribution of mosquito nets on an annual basis, carrying out of IRS periodically, distribution of condoms, provision of ART and social mobilization initiatives will be undertaken by Woreda Health offices/Extension workers at periodic intervals across the entire RAP implementation period.

22. Provision of Ferry boat service and Health Post at Jarashikra: These activities will commence as per Phase wise plan and particularly prior to the period when members of Jara shikra kebele would experience cut off due to reservoir water. The activity of Health Post will commence well in time so that there is no constraint in access to medical services

23. Internal Monitoring: The internal monitoring programme under RPCO will commence soon after RAP approval. It shall record: a) progress made and record project inputs and the number of persons affected and compensated; and b) measure progress with involuntary resettlement against scheduled actions and milestones, using input and output indicators. Report with comments about activity progress will be prepared each week towards the monthly report and detailed quarterly will be sent to the Bureau thereby transacted to the Steering committee and NPCO. At the end of the fourth financial quarter (April-June) a full annual report will be prepared including information on all project/output indicators and with a detailed analysis of achieved results and experience gained. Information compiled bi-annually shall be presented to the World Bank.

24. Implement Income Restoration Activities: The Agency contracted for the purpose shall: update income and household data for inputs into the RAP databse following which it shall carry out a skill assessment of PAPs interested, undertake a market assessment with respect to demand and potential, identify training sources and preparation of Business plans, etc.

25. Approval of Income Restoration Plans: Woreda Livelihood expert under the guidance of WPITs, Woreda Administrations and Social Development Specialist, RIDP will approve the business plans prepared for each and sanction budgets.

26. Release of Economic Rehabilitation Grant: Economic Rehabilitation Grant will processed separately as per terms and conditions laid down for its processing.

27. Implement farmer trainings: PAPs with balance lands outside the reservoir zone and willing to continue farming would be provided training i.e. improved farming practices, better seeds, fertilizers, etc.

28. Annual External Evaluation: An External audit on an annual basis shall be made to assess whether the project has met with the RAP objectives as a whole.

29. Annual Project Review Workshops: Review of RAP implementation at Annual Workshops would be carried in the first quarter of next year soon after findings of Annual External Evaluation are available for discussion.

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30. Submission of RAP Implementation Completion Report: Upon completion of all Implementation activities, the contracted implementing partners, WPITs shall assist the RPCO in putting together an RAP Implementation Completion Report for submission to Regional Administration and NPCO, MoWE and review by WB to check if can considered complete.

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Table 12.1 – Implementation Schedule of RAP of Ribb Reservoir Scheme Year by quarter Activity Year I Year II Year III Year IV Year V 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Operationalize Grievance mechanisms Disclosure of Draft RAP Devise a Phase-wise plan Updation of RAP upon survey of missed out /un-surveyed areas RAP approval and Public disclosure-cum-Launch Workshop Conduct Training Programme for Officials and Refresher Trainings Develop Resettlement sites Open Bank accounts for PAPs (based on plan) Hold Kebele level meetings and with host community Prepare compensation entitlements Prepare RAP database Notification of expropriation Develop special assistance plans for vulnerable PAHs Enrollment into food security PSNP for vulnerable households Commence tree nursery/plantation programs at kebele level Provide Entitlement Certificate Pay compensation and vacation of land

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Table 12.1 – Implementation Schedule of RAP of Ribb Reservoir Scheme Year by quarter Activity Year I Year II Year III Year IV Year V 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Contract grassroots organizations for Income restoration Relocation of PAPs Administration of Anti HIV/Aids and Anti-Malaria measures Internal Monitoring Provision of Ferry Service and Health Post Implementation of Income Restoration Activities update income and household data assessment of market potential skill assessment identify linkages Prepare business plans Approval of Income Restoration Plans Provision of Trainings for Income Restoration Release of Economic Rehabilitation Grant Implement farmer trainings Annual External Evaluation Annual Project Review Workshops Submission of RAP completion Report

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12.2 Green Light conditions Green light conditions or critical RAP activities are a) Operationalize institutions required for implementation and grievance redressal; b) Provide Entitlement Certificates to PAPs likely to get immediately affected as per Phase wise Plan detailing compensation amounts payable and other entitlements as applicable based on preferences indicated; c) Pay compensation and other entitlements to PAPs identified in Phase I (except training and income restoration activities which are longer duration activities); and d) Assess readiness of internal monitoring mechanism

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CHAPTER 13 – DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION PLAN

Information dissemination and consultation vide an appropriate communication strategy leading to effective participation is a pre-requisite for effective RAP implementation. Continued and effective participation by the affected communities shall itself be an intended outcome of the communication activities. The chapter presents procedure that shall be followed by MoWE to disclose the draft and final RAP. It then reviews the existing channels for communication, stating the principles of participation and consultation, followed by a set of indicative issues for dissemination by stage of project cycle. It concludes with the communication strategy for RAP implementation and suggested activities therein.

13.1 Disclosure of RAP The full draft RAP in English and translated in local language (Amharic), would be disclosed on MOWE website as well at the World Bank Infoshop. In accordance with donor (WB) requirements, the draft RAP would be made available to PAPs and other stakeholders review and comment. Also during the period, survey of previously missed out or un-surveyed areas would be completed and PAPs would be enumerated. With these updations and incorporation of comments/feedback if any on the draft RAP, the document would be finalized. Following which FDRE will disclose the document again and also provide permission to the World Bank to disclose at its Infoshop. Further to enhance transparency in implementation, the list of PAPs for disbursement of benefits shall be separately disclosed at the concerned kebele and Woreda offices, Regional BoEPLAU and any other relevant offices, etc. In addition, a summary of the RAP in brochure form in Amharic will be printed and distributed amongst all stakeholders. The Executive Summary of the report in Amharic would be placed in public places. WPITs shall follow the process below to disclose the RAP:

 MoWE shall disclosure the RAP in its own website and in Federal libraries as available;  MoWE along with RPCO and Regional Administration will organise a Stakeholders’ workshop for disclosure of RAP in the Project area. The objectives of the workshop would be:  to provide information, and bring clarity on issues raised relating to entitlements and benefits;  to consult and create awareness amongst local community members about resettlement and income restoration aspect;  to ensure that vulnerable groups understand the process, and that their needs are specifically taken into consideration; and  take the opportunity to solicit help from other departments and also reach out to NGOs operational (particularly in field of income generation) in the area and to encourage their participation in RAP implementation.  WPIT, BoEPLAU and the RPCO shall be responsible to disclose the RAP (in full and Executive summary version) in the region, zone and woreda offices and in the print media as required.

13.2 Existing channels of communication At present project information is disseminated by MoWE to Regional Administration/RPCO, Regional BoEPLAU (for land related issues) and then from these to the Woreda administrations. The Woreda administrations vide its’ departments such as OoEPLAUs, Agriculture, Women’s affairs, Health offices and other kebele/sub-kebele committees provide information to the communities on their routine and respective activities such as land certification, ongoing programs relating to health, livelihoods. Extension workers of Woreda women affairs’ departments too are involved (see Chapter 4 on Stakeholder Consultations for more details). Meetings are held on specific topics by specific departments and occasionally involve all the community. However the challenge of RAP implementation is multi-dimensional and needs to draw upon on resources from all these departments. Hence WPITs as a single point of communication will disseminate all project and RAP implementation related information.

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13.3 Principles for Consultation and Participation in Ribb Reservoir Consultation and Participation require that accurate and reliable information is made available in a timely and comprehensible manner and can be easily accessed by all relevant stakeholders. For a project of this nature with various activities across stages, a specific Communication Strategy and Action Plan is essential as it shall draw upon resources from various departments, including external agencies. It shall require uniform understanding and awareness regarding activities amongst all stakeholder institutions to enable a unified and thereby effective approach. The degree of participation of PAPs required would be directly proportional to the scale and magnitude of impact and the proposed mitigation measures. Principles therefore for Information dissemination to ensure effective consultation and participation are as follows:

 Continuous process: Information dissemination on project developments and Consultations with affected persons and communities would be a continuous feature throughout project planning and implementation.  Essentially inclusive: As PAPs include vulnerable groups who are under-privileged and shall be at a greater disadvantage due to the adverse impacts, the entire participative and consultative process should be inclusive of such disadvantaged groups and requires special efforts to elicit their participation; and  Forum for decision making: Meetings/interactions/consultations would aim to lead to informed decision making.

13.4 Communication Strategy and Action Plan Timely and accurate information dissemination requires taking proactive measures to instill confidence amongst PAPs. Therefore the communication strategy requires direct interaction with the PAPs and the whole community and shall comprise the following critical elements:  have an enabling and supportive environment within the existing institutional setup;  take support from grass root level institutions already working in the area to coordinate, facilitate activities, help build rapport and develop appropriate support measures; and  reduce anxieties and counter rumors by provision of prompt responses followed by commensurate actions.

The foremost requirement of the Communication Strategy is to disclose details on project activities, entitlement provisions and applicable measures and processes to PAPs. The overall goal of the communication strategy is to inform the communities, correct prevalent mis-perceptions and create an atmosphere of trust and cooperation which can lead to informed decision making and elicit cooperation from PAPs in the administering of RAP activities. Specifically the strategy would be to: a) develop a common understanding on the project by sensitization of all officials involved in decision making and implementation of: i) recognition of the right of the PAPs to receive information; and ii) the need for regular interactions with communities to allay apprehensions and correct mis-conceptions; and b) develop a rapport between the implementing institutions and most important stakeholders – PAPs; c) to create awareness amongst PAPs; counter any misinformation or rumours spread by those opposed to or aggrieved by the project and thereby reduce the number of grievances that might arise out of lack of adequate information; d) strengthen the grievance redressal mechanism by providing an effective information dissemination channels; e) to create a sense of appreciation of the efforts of the project authorities and other stakeholders involved in RAP implementation f) bring transparency in the processes followed and ensure accountability of all institutions involved;

The following Action Plan is proposed: a) Notice boards in the kebeles: Installation of notice boards shall present information to PAPs that is definite and is permanently available. The notice board shall have project details of a permanent nature and space for information that shall be updated periodically:

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Permanent i. a brief description of the project along with a sketch; details on area of submergence/affected zone; ii. total affected land by kebele, iii. likely date of submergence (including construction completion date of Ribb Dam); and iv. finally the names and contact details of key officials at the Woreda/kebele administration who can be approached for any issue. Temporary i. information on key activities and dates e.g. dates for expropriation and disbursement, ii. details on the particular area that shall be submerged due to a soon-to be completed dam infrastructure (e.g. coffer dam) along with dates so that people can be careful with their activities and belongings e.g. cattle; and, iii. dates for shifting to resettlement site; b) Designate Public Information Officer (PIOs): Both Woreda administrations shall designate a PIO. S/he shall be responsible to: i. provide information on the project to all stakeholders i.e. status and progress ii. distribute summary of RAP (in Amharic) and other entitlement details to PAPs; iii. facilitate consultation meetings with PAPs, keep records of meeting outcomes, communicate to concerned higher authorities and contribute to internal monitoring; iv. inform PAPs of advertised work opportunities at Ribb Dam; and v. provide PAPs with details on the available forums for redressal of grievances

In addition, officially designating a person from the kebele from among the PAPs shall enable creation of a durable two-way communication between project agency and affected people. The person designated should be familiar with and capable of gaining confidence of affected people so that he can be important constituent of the process of grievance resolution. c) Public Information Center (PIC): The existing project office within the construction camp should contain relevant documents such as the design drawings, ESIA and full RAP report – both in English and Amharic51. Soon after the dam construction is advanced enough to provide space for officials and workers responsible for dam operation, a PIC should be developed within the just outside the camp boundary to ensure more accessibility to PAPs. It should be managed by a person familiar to community and conversant with different issues of the project. The PIC should contain the following documents: i. Executive summary and full RAP report (in Amharic and English), ii. ESIA report and feasibility reports and drawings; iii. Details on proposed income restoration schemes; iv. Enrolment forms for different ongoing government schemes/programs v. Updates on the project – Dam construction progress and submergence vi. Resettlement site locations on a map vii. Records of all consultation meetings held with PAPs, kebele communities, FGDs with vulnerable groups; viii. Photographs of disbursement of entitlement certificates, payments, etc.; and ix. Forms of lodging grievances and also maintain a register for recording of grievances. d) Holding regular meetings: Interactive (rather non-interactive media such as radio) mechanism to reach out to potentially affected people in the earliest stages of resettlement planning includes holding of regular meetings as a major confidence building tool. A regular meeting (at least fortnightly) between project staff and affected people, preferably at the same location and the same date (or any pre-specified date) every month can be an effective mechanism. As in the initial stages, PAPs expectedly will have more questions

51 Housing the PIC within or nearby the construction camp is not recommended as there is restricted access and safety issues

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and concerns to express, there shall be a need to carry out periodic meetings and/or as deemed necessary by officials or requested for PAPs.

Information dissemination would be carried out through printed leaflets/ information booklets that would be prepared by the Mass media agnecy in local language. These would be distributed not only to PAPs but also to people (residents, businessmen and others) within the immediate project influence area and the local community in advance so that people discuss issues among themselves and prepare themselves for the meeting. On the day of public meeting, once again leaflets would be distributed among the people present for dissemination of information so as to ensure that all present at the meeting, get to know about the project in case they did not get the leaflet/ information booklet. The leaflet/ information booklet would provide the following: i. brief description of the project and its objectives; ii. a summary of adverse impacts iii. mitigation provisions planned; iv. ways and means of involving local communities; v. role of various government agencies and particularly of Income Restoration agency expectations from local communities; and vi. Grievance redress mechanisms, etc.

Such meetings would be attended by key officials of WPITs and members of the kebele administration. Further the discussion points, outcome and list of attendees from such meetings should be diligently recorded and pasted on notice boards placed at identified locations. Care should be taken to ensure maximum participation of PAPs and also the vulnerable groups. Organizing and holding of separate meetings with vulnerable groups particularly women PAPs is a pre-requisite. e) Contracting a Mass media agency: A mass media agency would be contracted to disseminate message, develop appropriate brochures with images. Brochures should contain different work opportunities, income generation schemes, etc.

13.5 Issues for Dissemination and Participation Effective coordination and cooperation between all relevant stakeholders assumes greater importance, particularly at the implementation stage. An indicative list of issues wherein information needs to be disseminated and participation of PAPs is essential is given below:

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Indicative list of issues for dissemination and for PAP participation Land  date of notification for expropriation of landholdings; expropriation/  issuance of entitlement certificates; compensation  compensation including methods of payment (when, how, by whom); and  dates of submergence Resettlement  Proposed R&R measures such as information on the types of livelihood restoration and options identified based on existing skills of PAPs/PAHs; rehabilitation  Livelihood restoration options and their implementation;  Selection of NGO for Income Restoration and other M&E agencies agents providing services;  Details on identified resettlement sites and amenities to be provided;  Infrastructure and service provision in the relocation areas, or strengthening existing infrastructure and services;  Provision of shifting and transitional arrangements (when, how, by whom); Institutions  Implementing institutions, and names and contacts of relevant officials  Partner institutions such as NGOs, M&E agency  Mechanisms and processes for grievance redressal, including name and contacts of persons in-charge

13.6 Consultations with Host community Host communities would be a critical component of effective consultation and communication as they might develop apprehensions and also be wary of outsiders in their area. WPITs would carry out consultations to: i. inform the host communities of the incoming PAP population; ii. consult to check if the relocation of these PAPs shall place additional burden on civic infrastructure; iii. assess the capacity of each site to check how many PAPs can be accommodated without overloading existing infrastructure and if overloaded, then to estimate and devise plans to enhance/augment the existing infrastructure adequately, and iv. finally, make the host communities feel they too have been informed and consulted and their views taken on board on issues that have socio-economic impact on them as well.

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CHAPTER 14 – MONITORING AND EVALUATION

The overall objective of the RAP is to ensure that the PAPs restore and preferably improve upon their pre-project living standards. In order to achieve this objective, Resettlement and Rehabilitation activities that are to be implemented are very often on a critical path and if not implemented effectively can cause severe delays in the project. Hence, in a development project with a long gestation period, effective Monitoring and Evaluation of RAP implementation would be key to achievement of intended objectives and outcomes

14.1 Monitoring and Evaluation Framework of ENIDP The M&E system of ENIDP52 in its overall approach intends to be:  Results-based, i.e. emphasis is laid on providing timely information to the implementing agency and other project stakeholders regarding the project – if it is succeeding or failing and what are the reasons?  Participatory i.e. to meet both governmental requirements and all other stakeholders including PAPs and the kebele community;  Stakeholder-oriented, i.e. is the most significant because of the magnitude of social and environmental impacts. Therefore the M&E system must be able to inform whether the proposed measures are themselves adequate in minimizing or mitigating any adverse economic or social impacts on PAPs.

The M&E System Objectives are categorized into System Outcomes and Operational objectives that are relevant to the social impacts and RAP implementation are listed below:

System Outcomes: Information generated by the M&E system is intended primarily to serve as a management tool, assisting in decision making and planning/ re-planning processes. An effective M&E system for ENIDP would lead to the following management outcomes:  Timely identification of implementation bottlenecks and factors that could result in time and cost over-runs, in infrastructure construction as well and service delivery.  Project irrigation facilities and services delivered are consistent with local needs and capacities, taking into account that of disadvantaged groups and women farmers/ women-headed households.  Environmental and social safeguards envisaged in the ESMF are integrated into the project’s management information system.  Lessons learned during project implementation have wider applicability to future development strategies and approaches for irrigation development in the country in general, and within the Tana Basin in particular

Operational Objectives: Specific operational objectives of the M&E system for ENIDP include:  Enabling project management and other project stakeholders to undertake timely corrective action and/or make needed adjustments to implementation processes, techniques and approaches;  Empowering and building the capacities and self-reliance of implementing agency staff, project communities and other local partners to guide, manage and implement development activities effectively and efficiently;  Facilitating the re-examining and adjusting of goals, objectives and strategies during the project life, towards improving quality and performance, including actions relating to Environmental Management and Resettlement Action Plans;  Providing objective evidence on project results, in terms of outcomes and impacts, to permit lessons to be learned towards planning future investments and development initiatives.

52 Project Implementation Manual, ENIDP, 2007

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14.2 M&E Structure – Scope and Responsibilities PIM of ENIDP proposes an M&E arrangement that is structured as two distinct but complementary sub-systems, namely: 1. Sub-system I: Routine Reporting, Database Management, Monitoring and Regular Reviews 2. Sub-system II: Ongoing and Periodic Evaluations and Special Studies

Activities under sub-system I are meant primarily to help strengthen existing systems of information gathering, record keeping, database management, routine reporting (monthly, quarterly, annually) and regular reviews at the various levels of the project entity. This includes participation of stakeholders ranging from Woreda and kebele organisations to the Project Steering Committees, implementing agencies and the project coordination offices.

Subsystem II complements these through studies and surveys, to also permit triangulation and independent verification of information. For ENIDP, this includes information from household and community surveys/ interactions, analysis of data from technical measurements/ scientific observations, and evidence from satellite imagery. This would permit not only assessing how far down the road the project had progressed, but ascertains that this remains the right road towards achieving planned outcomes and impacts. Provision is made under both subsystems to support M&E requirements relating to environmental and social safeguards, implemented through the EMP and RAP. Further as proposed in the PIM, the reports/events relevant for M&E of RAP implementation are listed below:  Monthly records and reports;  Quarterly progress monitoring reports;  Annual progress reports;  Annual Project Review Workshop; and  Studies in support of RAP i.e. targeted follow up surveys of resettled households and those affected by project infrastructure and operations.

Considering the complexity of R&R activities in the Ribb reservoir scheme and in line with the sub-systems I and II of the M&E structure, besides Internal Monitoring, an External Evaluation exercise too will be carried out by an experienced agency on an annual basis.

14.3 Monitoring of RAP Implementation MoWE will conduct the concurrent internal monitoring with support from regional and woreda level bodies. It would comprise Process & Performance Monitoring. While Process monitoring would enable the project authority to assess the whether the due process are being followed or not, whereas performance monitoring would mainly relate to achievement in measurable terms against the set targets. MoWE (and WB) will monitor performance of RAP as it shall cover aspects such as continuity of staff involved in RAP including TDP implementation, timeliness of implementation of proposed activities. Key parameters shall be as follows: Table 14.1 – Performance Indicators for RAP implementation Indicator/Parameter Timeline (month) Frequency Variation in final number of PAPs vis a vis the final RAP First Month One time Undertaking of listed RAP activities with respect to proposed schedule:. i. Appointment of Income Restoration Agency(ies) 1-60 (depending on Monthly ii. formation of GRC activity) iii. opening of bank accounts Variation in budget allocated in RAP versus actual budget spent 3,6,12,18,24,30,36 Quarterly Payment of compensation and applicable assistances prior to displacement 3,6,9,12 Monthly due to submergence Third and Six Readiness of resettlement sites and relocation plan two times Month Planning of provision of Income restoration support by the Contracted 1-60 Quarterly

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Agency Continuity of Personnel in RAP as per institutional arrangement 1-60 Bi-monthly

Process Monitoring would involve the concurrent checking of implementation activities to ascertain whether these are being implemented in accordance with the RAP and thereby enable the project authorities to take appropriate action to address any gaps, deviations, etc. It would be one continuous and routine process of tracking and reporting on activities and outputs associated with use of project resources. It would be closely integrated with the routine reporting system of implementing agencies and units (through Monthly, Quarterly and Annual Reports). It would include collection, analysis, reporting and use of information about the progress of R&R against a time-bound implementation schedule indicated in the RAP. Quantitative indicators that focus on physical and financial targets and delivery of entitlements to PAPs will provide an efficient tool to supplement qualitative assessment that shall be carried out in the case of socio-economic impacts.

Mechanism and Reporting: Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) unit, RPCO at Amhara region will coordinate the Project’s performance monitoring system, in close collaboration with Regional BoEPLAU. Woreda Administration (WPITs), RPCO (M&E) officer will be main responsible for preparation and submission of Monthly, Quarterly and Annual progress reports. Other lead agencies BoEPLAU (as RAP involves expropriation of land and related tasks), BoWRD, BoARD, NPCO (M&E), and contracted agency(ies) for Income Restoration will supplement the M&E unit by providing information as necessary. Internal monitoring under the Regional Coordinator’s office will commence soon after the RAP is approved and implementation activities commence. Figure 14.1 depicts the linkages for internal monitoring.

NPC (M&E), MoWE

RPSC

RPCO (M&E)

BoEPLAU

BoFED, BoWRD, BoARD

Woreda Agriculture

WPITs of Ebinat and Farta comprising of representatives from WoFED, WoARD, WoWRD, etc

Figure 14.1 – Reporting linkages for Internal Monitoring

Monthly Activity progress reports and detailed quarterly reports will be sent to the RPCO for updating RPSC and NPCO, MoWE. At the end of the fourth financial quarter (June-August)53 a full Annual Report would be prepared that includes information on all indicators along with a detailed analysis of achieved results and constraints therein. Information compiled bi-annually would be presented to the WB office and also during their periodic missions. Further progress and issues would be presented in detail at the Annual Project Review Workshop for

53 As per Ethiopian Calender

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Report/Event Focus (as relevant to RAP implementation) Monthly records and  Progress of implementation reports  Process issues of RAP, safeguards compliance  Implementation constraints and recommended actions Quarterly progress All of the above aspects presented on a cumulative basis and presented against the Annual Plan monitoring reports of implementation activities for submission to relevant stakeholders including funding agency – WB Annual progress and All the four quarters compiled along with detailed analysis achievement reports Annual Project Review Presentation of progress, processes, implementation constraints workshop Source: PIM, ENIDP, 2007

Key Monitoring parameters: The following Objectives and indicators specific to social impacts are listed in the PIM:

Objectives Indicators Livelihoods and standards of living of persons  Quantity & value of economic assets owned by project affected resettled into and within the irrigation command areas parties (PAPs) before & after resettlement not reduced by involuntary resettlement process  Distance of PAPs from amenities such as potable water sources, schools, health clinics, veterinary centers Social Safeguards process – Resettlement Action  Extent of stakeholder consultations (great, fair, low) and Plan (RAP) for minimization & mitigation of adverse timeliness of decisions and mitigation actions on resettlement social and economic impacts of involuntary (no. of days delay) resettlement is in place.  Level of compensation (quantity/ ETB value) of land, finance & Assumed Intermediate outcome: Compliance with other material and technical support received by PAPs (project processes and mitigation measures set out in the RAP affected parties). by all parties.

Process Monitoring indicators for RAP Implementation of Ribb Reservoir have been devised along following parameters to measure progress of various activities:  Physical  Financial (compensation/establishment)  Resettlement and rehabilitation  Social (Education and Health)  Processes  Institutional (including Grievance redressal)

Some of the key indicators are as follows:  establishment of required institutional structures;  asset acquisition and disbursement of compensation (particularly to those 39 households already affected);  disbursement operation of compensation,  relocation to resettlement sites including provision of amenities;  investing of compensation amount into any productive economic asset e.g. ox, tool/machine implement for economic activity  development of livelihood restoration programmes,  consultation meetings with kebele communities around resettlement and rehabilitation issues; and  preparation and submission of monitoring and evaluation reports.

See Annexure 14.1 for list of indicative monitoring indicators.

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14.4 Annual External Evaluation Evaluations would be carried out to identify constraints, ascertain changes or outcomes and provide implementable recommendations based on experiences within and elsewhere. Evaluation assesses resettlement efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability, drawing lessons as a guide to future resettlement planning. It would enable to assess whether RAP objectives were met when compared to the baseline information on the households, i.e. livelihoods and living standards were restored or enhanced. It would draw upon information gathered from routine monitoring, supplemented by information from surveys/ studies, including baseline and follow-up studies and other sources. The evaluation exercise would help gain a deeper understanding and perspective of project outcomes and impacts. The evaluation would be carried out on an Annual basis by an External agency. The timing of the evaluation exercises would be such as to feed the findings into the Annual Project Review Workshop. A Mid-term evaluation would be carried out at the end of Year 3, while the End-term (or terminal) evaluation would be carried out a few months after Year 5. However, in case there are any outstanding issues that require attention, administering of additional measures for resolution, the Evaluation exercise would continue till the time:  either the RAP objectives are fully achieved; OR  till they are deemed to be substantially achieved with systems and processes in place that are adequate to complete pending actions.

Mechanism and Reporting: MoWE will contract a specialized agency with requisite experience in similar evaluation studies for this purpose. The evaluation exercise will draw upon interactions with communities, WPITs, kebele administration and from implementing agencies – BoEPLAU, Woreda OoEPLAUs, RPCO, NPCO, etc. Also the agency should draw reports from the RAP database and other sources as necessary, etc. Both positive and adverse impact will be measured in both quantitative and qualitative way. Focus of evaluation at different evaluation stages as stated in the PIM is given below:

Report/Event Focus (as relevant to RAP implementation) Studies in support of EMP &  compliance with social safeguards/ mitigation measures under ESMPF, RAP  to include systematic assessment of their effectiveness in ensuring development sustainability, livelihoods& standards of living of resettled people, Mid tern Review/ Evaluation  Progress towards PDO & component outcomes; Exercise  Community & user perceptions of project impacts.  Effectiveness, quality, adequacy, relevance and sustainability of project interventions;.  Revisiting RAP measures and key assumptions. Terminal Evaluation Exercise  Progress towards PDO & component outcomes;  Specific lessons for future RAP preparation and implementation issues Source: PIM, ENIDP, 2007

Figure 14.2 depicts the linkages for Annual External Evaluation.

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NPCO (M&E)/MOWE

RPCO/M&E officer

BoARD

BoEPLAU

External Evaluation Woreda Admn/RAP Agency database WPITs

Other agencies at Woreda/Region

Agency for Income Restoration

PAPs

Figure 14.2 – Information and Reporting linkages for External Evaluation

Evaluation parameters: Six broad parameters for Evaluation are as given below in Table 14.2

Table 14.2 – Broad parameters for assessing quality of life S.No. Impact evaluation indicators Pre-project baseline Annual evaluation End of project values evaluation 1 Annual income 2 Occupation 3 Landholding 4 Material assets 5 Access to basic services 6 House type Source: SMEC, 2012

As 1091 PAPs are a significant number, the evaluation exercise would be undertaken on a sample basis drawn from the total affected households. The drawn Sample (maximum 20%) would be representative of types of impacts and mitigation measures and drawn proportionately from each impacted kebele. Both these evaluations should also compare rehabilitation against a Control group of persons within the project kebeles but not directly impacted in term of losses by the project. An indicative set of parameters is given below  PAPs who have lost all their cultivable landholding;  PAPs who have lost their homestead and cultivable land and structures;  vulnerable PAPs who have some parcels of their cultivable land;  PAPs who have to change their occupation from land to non-land based activities;  by usage of compensation amount into any productive economic asset e.g. ox, tool/machine implement  PAPs who have relocated (or did not relocate) to another area from their present area i.e. to woreda center/town, another kebele and also same kebele; and

See Annexure 14.3 for TORs for Annual External Evaluation

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CHAPTER 15 – GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL

15.1 Types of likely Grievances Grievances are likely to occur in the reservoir scheme as: i) peoples’ key economic asset - land would be acquired for reservoir storage leading to changes in their production systems, livelihoods, income and lifestyles; and ii) the process of resettlement and rehabilitation of PAPs shall be a long drawn and complex process given their present set of skills and levels of understanding. Types of grievances that have already occurred at the planning stage and would occur during the implementation stage are listed below:

Stage Types of grievances (indicative) Planning  lack of awareness of the project boundary;  missing of parcel, error in identification and/or incorrect measurement (or perceptions over incorrect measurement) of affected assets;  disagreement regarding inheritance or ownership of assets and fearing loss of compensation;  lack of adequate communication on the project developments,  temporary submergence of assets and damage to crops, due to diversion of river for construction works, etc.;  disagreement over the valuation of affected assets; Implementation  non-payment for improvements carried out to structures post survey and valuation but prior to compensation payments;  relating to time delays, mode of payment of compensation;  not enough dam constructed related work.  wrong identification of appropriate income restoration schemes, their inadequacy, training support and lack of necessary assistances;  increased threat to health from water-borne diseases,  increased cases of AIDS due to in-migration  loss of access not addressed  damage caused due by ongoing construction work on the Dam  damage to crops and other assets due to diversion of river and dust emanating from construction  non-inclusion in schemes,  not enough consultation,  ill prepared resettlement sites,  inadequate support during relocation to resettlement sites

15.2 Need for Grievance Redressal Mechanism The Grievance Redressal Mechanism involves formation or operationalizing of Grievance Redressal Committee. The main objective is to provide a step-by-step process of registering and addressing the grievances. It is expected that this mechanism will ensure redress of disputes through participative process. An effective mechanism to redress grievances requires: i) that grievances do not linger on and become contentious issues between project authorities and the affected community and result in opposition to the project; ii) PAPs and the overall community appreciate efforts by the project authorities to reach out to hear concerns, proactively address and resolve issues; and iii) PAPs particularly demonstrate willingness to support and benefit from the implementation of proposed mitigation measures.

15.3 Grievance Redressal Mechanism The key players in the grievance redressal process are:  PAPs themselves  Influential persons in the project affected kebele (could be non-PAPs)

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 Woreda Administration  WPIT  Host community (in case of relocation to another site)

Principles in formulation of effective grievance mechanism are that the mechanism is: i) devised keeping in mind the socio-cultural setting such as making use of village elders too in resolution of disputes; ii) take cognizance of impacts on female PAPs and ensures their adequate representation; iii) is independent of the implementing agencies to allow affected individuals to voice concerns and seek redressal; iv) is accessible and is well-supported by an effective information dissemination mechanism to prevent occurrence of a grievance in the first place due to lack of information; v) is timely and responsive i.e. its recommendation and decisions are implemented by the project authorities; and

Compensation Grievance Redressal committee: For the Ribb Reservoir scheme, there shall be a Grievance mechanisms relating to compensation, relocation and other processes, etc. To address compensation related grievances a Committee is formed at kebele, woreda, and Regional level. Details of these committees are given below: Kebele level: It would be the first-level structure to which a complainant will go to report a grievance and seek resolution. Attempt would be made to redress the grievances at the level at which they occur as that would help to keep PAPs faith in the mechanism. Kebele administration would nominate a person from within the administration to dedicatedly record and redress grievances and particularly support those PAPs who are illiterate. The Kebele grievance redressal committee members have been elected by the community. Their composition, by kebele is as follows:

Composition of Kebele Level Grievance Committee members Kebele Name Sex Role Remark Farta Woreda Ayvaniva No separate committee at the kebele level as only four farmers are affected. The complaint could be heard by the woreda committee. Jara Shikra Guade Menegesetu M Chairperson Farmers Andaregie Kefi/Kes/ M Member` Farmers Asefu Gelayehu F Member Farmers Medeb Gubda Wasihun Molla M Chairperson Farmers Gedefaw Belay M Member Farmers Zeyen Endalew F Member Farmers Ebinat Woreda Amestiya Tadel Kibekab F Member Farmers Asefaw Alemu M Chairperson Farmers Gizachew Teferi M Member Farmers Source: Farta and Ebinat Woreda Administrations, 2013

In addition to the above, it is suggested cognizance be taken of the existing grievance resolution systems wherein elderly persons play a significant role in resolution of disputes within their respective kebeles. Therefore at least one such member be included as a member of the greivance mechanism. The person should be well respected and having knowledge of such land related issues and with proven skills in conflict and grievance handling. First level of grievance handling will involve physical verification upon receipt of any grievance such as inaccurate measurement of impacted asset, loss of access, damage to structures, crops during construction, counting of trees etc. that do not involve immediate monetary implications. The physical verification and certification will be carried out by the WPIT members in presence of PAPs and appropriate documentation would

Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme – Final Report Page 139 Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project be done. They would draw upon the Relocation Committee and Income Restoration Agency(ies) as required. Response would be provided to the concerned PAP within 7-10 days of receipt of grievance. The GRC will normally meet once in a month but may meet more frequently, if the situation so demands. A time period of 45 days will be available for redressing the grievance of EPs. The decision of the GRC will not be binding to PAPs. The PAP has the option of taking recourse to the court of law, if he/she so desires. Functions and composition of GRC are as under: i) Record the grievances of PAPs, categorize and prioritize them and provide solution to their grievances related to compensation, and resettlement and rehabilitation support. ii) The GRC may undertake site visit, ask for relevant information from Project Authority and other government and non-government agencies, etc. in order to resolve the grievances of PAPs. iii) Fix a time frame within the stipulated time period of 45 days for resolving the grievance iv) Inform PAPs through WPITs about the status of their case and their decision to PAPs for compliance

Woreda level: If not redressed at the kebele level, the issue would be taken to Woreda level committee for redressal. A committee to addressing matters relating to compensation operates at the Woreda level. Woreda Administrator would nominate three (3) persons who are well-versed with legislations. Preferably these would be representatives from different departments within the Woredas such as OoEPLAU, WoARD and Woreda Urban Administration Office and Women’s Affairs Office as that would ensure that the committee is well represented and is therefore capable of professional advice on issues from all perspectives. As per MoU between ANRS and MoWE, the Woreda Administrator would have only a facilitating role in redressing grievances and thereby avoid any conflict of interest. While Ebinat Woreda already has two female representatives, it is recommended that at least two of these representatives shall be women in Farta Woreda.

Woreda Level Grievance Committee members Woreda Name Sex Department Role Remark Farta Workyantefu Goshe F W/Administration Chair person Getenet Asenake M Agriculture member Ambachew Molla M OoEPLAU member Wale Dessie M Women’s office member Ebinat Tadefie Addis F Women’s office member Hibere Dagnew F Agriculture member Meseret Addis M OoEPLAU member Teshale Alebachew/kes/ M Office of revenue Chair person Source: Farta and Ebinat Woreda Administrations, 2013

In addition to the above, it is suggested that one such member who is not related to the Woreda administration but is well respected, has knowledge of such land related issues with proven skills in conflict and grievance handling.be included as a member of the greivance mechanism. Regional level: If not redressed at the Woreda level, grievance committee comprising of Regional Administration and members of BoEPLAU shall hear the grievance and provide solutions for compensation cases. It would be deemed to be final failing which PAP shall have the recourse to legal system/court.

The grievance mechanisms specific to the project will remain operational till after completion of RAP implementation or as mutually agreed upon by a careful monitoring of the grievances received, addressed; pending and/or referred for arbitration/court. See Appendix 15.1 for Sample Grievance Format.

A separate office space shall be provided for at the Kebele and Woredas to enable complainant or aggrieved persons (i.e. including non-PAPs) to register their grievances in written form. If the aggrieved person is illiterate, kebele or Woreda administration shall provide appropriate support as the case may be. The complainant shall have to record details in the grievance lodging format as given below:

a) for name of the pleader and the defendant along with contact their details and address.

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b) details of the disputed parcel i.e. neighbouring land holders in all directions, size of their plots and plot ID c) cause of the dispute which could be (i) dispute attributed to inheritance, (ii) dispute attributed to donation, (iii) dispute attributed to divorce; (iv) dispute attribute to exchange of parcels, (v) dispute attributed to possessory right, (vi) dispossessing illegal land holder; (vii) dispute attributed to rent; (viii) dispute in relation to amount of compensation; (ix) other (specify) d) to indicate to whom s/he is submitting the application i.e. either the court, or office or kebele committee, arbitral institution, or any other. e) to indicate as how he intends to follow the process i.e. by reviewing documents in the office or inspecting land at site, etc. f) of space for names of all reviewers and their signatures, besides for the Head of the office, if s/he had participated in the reviewing the issue.

The decision of the GRC will not be binding to PAPs. The PAP has the option of taking recourse to the court of law" if he/she so desires. Box 15.1 lists a few essentials in handling of grievances and these too shall be covered during training programs for officials.

Box 15.1 – Essentials in Grievance Redressal  Acknowledge dissatisfaction: Accept that the displacement due to a development shall generate grievances, rather than ignore or turn away  Effective listening: Careful listening to elicit information regarding the grievance shall help to accurately define the problem  Separate facts from fiction: Ask for facts and record it (preferably by the PAP himself). If illiterate, provide support as necessary;  Quick turn-around: Take optimum time to analyse ascertain and decide and finally communicate the decision to the PAP. Keep communicating with PAPs in case of delays  Follow-up: If decision requires a follow up action, take it soonest to instil confidence in the PAP regarding the grievance mechanisms and process Source: SMEC, 2013

Further, for down-stream kebeles such as Addis Bete Kirstian and Wetemb, impacts on crop could occur. It is recommended that the Region BoEPLAU should support the Fogera Woreda administration to set up a specific grievance committee at the Kebele level and also at Woreda level in the event that such impacts occurs. It should orient them on the processes involved in grievance resolution, besides monitoring the redressal of such grievances in case they occur.

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ANNEXURES

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2.1 – Documents referred, websites visited and departments met

Documents referred 1. Resettlement Policy Framework of ENIDP 2. Feasibility Study of the Ribb Irrigation & Drainage Project, TAHAL Consulting Group, 2011 3. Environment and Social Impact Assessment of Ribb Irrigation & Drainage Project, BRL Ingenierie, 2010 4. Resettlement Action Plan of Ribb Dam by Beza Beza Consulting Engineers PLC, 2010 5. Statistical Abstract, 2009 of Central Statistical Agency, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia 6. Applicable legal instruments including relevant proclamations of Amhara Region, FDRE and ENIDP 7. Summary and Statistical Report of 2007 Population and Housing census, by Population Census Commission, FDRE 8. Gender Mainstreaming Field Manual, MoWE, FDRE 9. Operational Policies OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement of the World Bank 10. Agricultural potentials, constraints and opportunities in Megech and Ribb rivers irrigation project areas in Lake Tana basin of Ethiopia, Amhara Agricultural Research Institute, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia 11. National Strategic Plan for Malaria Prevention, Control and Elimination in Ethiopia (2010-2015), Ministry of Health, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, 2009 12. Strategic Plan for Intensifying Multisectoral HIV/Aids Response in Ethiopia II (SPM II), 2009-2014 13. Livestock Development – Strategies and Plans, Amhara Region Livestock Development Agency, 2012 14. Constraints, Capacity Gaps and Proposed Thematic Areas for the Capacity Building of Farmers and Farmer’s based Organizations at Ribb and Megech Irrigation Projects, 2010 15. Operational Policy (OP 4.12) on Involuntary Resettlement, The World Bank, 2001 (and revised in 2011) 16. Detailed Implementation Manual for Environmental and Social Management Plan of Ribb River Fisheries Resource, 2010 17. Development of Matching Grant Mechanism, Final Report, ENDIP, MoWR, 2010 18. Volume II, Report on Livestock and Livestock Characteristics (Private Peasant Holdings), Agricultural Sample Survey, 2011/12, Central Statistical Agency, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, 2012 19. Report on Small Scale Manufacturing Industries Survey, Central Statistical Agency, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia 2010

Websites 20. www.csa.gov.et. 21. www.worldbank.org

Federal 22. National Project Coordination Office (NPCO), Ministry of Water and Energy

Woreda Offices – Ebinat and Farta 23. Bureau of Finance and Economic Development (BoFED), 24. Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development (BoARD), 25. Office of Environmental Protection and Land Administration and Use (OoEPLAU) 26. Women’s Affair Office, 27. Health Office 28. Micro and Small scale enterprise;

Regional Offices 29. Bureau of Environmental Protection and Land Administration and Use (BoEPLAU), Amhara Region 30. Regional Project Coordination Office

Non-Government Organizations 31. CVM – (Italian NGO) 32. Amhara Development Association (ADA) 33. Organization for Research and Development (ORDA), Amhara Region

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34. CARE Ethiopia 35. Concern Ethiopia

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5.1 – List of PAPs who shall require relocation to resettlement site

S/N PAP Name የባለይዞታው ስም Sex Age Total Affected Balance % of Need Rep. ተ.ቁ ፆታ ዕድሜ holding holding holding loss land in size(kada) size(Kada) size Command ጠቅላላ የነበረ የተወሰደ (kada) Area? በመስኖ ይዞታ መጠን ይዞታ በቃዳ ቀሪ ይዞታ ከሚለማው ትክ በቃዳ በቃዳ መሬት ይፈልጋሉ Medeb Gubda kebele: PAPs losing residential structures and opting to settle in woreda town center 1. PAPs who are losing Everything 1 Abebe Getaneh Yimer M 35 5.5 5.5 0 100 No 2 Abebe Shumet Mirte M 40 6 6 0 100 No 3 Aderajew Tesafa Gelaw M 27 1.5 1.5 0 100 No 4 Aderajew Tigabu Belay M 35 2 2 0 100 No 5 Anley Kebte Wonde F 75 4 4 0 100 No 6 Dege Tezera Mandefro F 43 4 4 0 100 No 7 Desta Agegnew Ambaw F 32 2.25 2.25 0 100 No 8 Ketema Shumet Mirte M 30 2 2 0 100 No 9 Belaynew Shumet Mirte M 26 2 2 0 100 No 10 Gashaw Adugna Melese M 41 7 7 0 100 No 11 Endeshash Geset Mesfin F 22 2 2 0 100 No 12 Gide Mengistu Bogale M 53 6 6 0 100 No 13 Kasa Alemu Setegn F 33 2 2 0 100 No 14 Kolel Kebte Wonde F 75 4 4 0 100 No 15 Mare Damtew Admasu M 59 12 12 0 100 No 16 Masresha Wondaya Gobeze M 60 4 4 0 100 No 17 Sisay Adugna Meles M 35 3 3 0 100 No 18 Minkeresh Tadese Biyadge F 49 7 7 0 100 No 19 Fasika Tarekegn Mengesha F 27 1.25 1.25 0 100 No 20 Tegegne Workeneh Alula M 52 7 7 0 100 No 21 Teguade Tegaye Wondim M 71 7.25 7.25 0 100 No 22 Tesafa Gelaw Wondawul M 70 3 3 0 100 No 23 Workiye Getnet Abera M 21 4 4 0 100 No 24 Yaze Shumet Mirte M 35 7 7 0 100 No 25 Getahun Chekole Tiruneh M 30 4 4 0 100 No 26 Getahun Zewdu Mengistu M 35 3 3 0 100 No 27 Yesyit Yimer Demissie F 45 4 4 0 100 No 28 Yezab Asnakew Mekonnen F 35 4 4 0 100 No 29 Yezina Muluye Mekonnen F 37 5 5 0 100 No 30 Destaw Derso Fenta M 37 5 5 0 100 No 2. PAPs who are losing residential Structure and have balance land less than one kada 1 Yebre Adis Wondyifraw F 62 4 3.75 0.25 94 No 2 Gebeyanesh Tarekegn F 24 1.5 1 0.5 67 No 3 Fekade Molla Kebede M 36 4 3.5 0.5 88 No 4 Gedefaw Chane Yirdaw M 36 6 5.25 0.75 88 No 3. PAPs who are losing residential Structure and have balance land less than two kada 1 Enanu Abate Wondyifraw F 65 6 5 1 83 No 2 Dese Ayalew Erkyihun M 30 8 7 1 88 No 3 Abebaw Belachew Wolde M 42 12 11 1 92 No 4 Chekole Yesmaw Tsiye M 45 12 11 1 92 No 5 Tigzaw Alemu Wondyifraw F 49 1.5 0.25 1.25 17 No 6 Yenigus Erke Zeleke F 39 4 2.5 1.5 63 No 7 Asmare Abeje Gobe M 30 5 3.5 1.5 70 No 8 Kindalem Adugna Mesfin M 35 7.5 6 1.5 80 No

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S/N PAP Name የባለይዞታው ስም Sex Age Total Affected Balance % of Need Rep. ተ.ቁ ፆታ ዕድሜ holding holding holding loss land in size(kada) size(Kada) size Command ጠቅላላ የነበረ የተወሰደ (kada) Area? በመስኖ ይዞታ መጠን ይዞታ በቃዳ ቀሪ ይዞታ ከሚለማው ትክ በቃዳ በቃዳ መሬት ይፈልጋሉ 9 Dasash Melese Tsegaye F 27 4 2.25 1.75 56 No 4. PAPs who are losing residential Structure and have balance land greater than or equal to two kada 1 Ambaye Tezera Mandefro M 33 4 2 2 50 No 2 Tiku Geze Hailu F 45 4 2 2 50 No 3 Getahun Mulawu Yewuhala M 35 5 3 2 60 No 4 Abebe Alemu Wondyifraw M 45 9 7 2 78 No 5 Belet Molla Wondyifraw and 12 10 2 83 No Engidaw Maru Birhane 6 Getnet Abera Kasa M 39 7 4.5 2.5 64 No 7 Azezew Mihret Ayal M 46 12 8 4 67 No Jara Shikra Kebele: PAPs who are losing residential structures and opting to settle in woreda town 1 Awoke Hone M 35 4 4 0 100 No 2 Ejinsu Hone Aycheh F 35 4 3 1 75 No 3 Moges Hone Aycheh M 40 7 3 4 43 No 4 Teyeku Nigussie Fenta F 65 5 2 3 40 No

Amestiya kebele: PAPs losing residential structures and opting to settle in communal lands 1 Tadese Asresahegn M 86 7 3 4 43 No W/Mariyam and Gela Tegegn Biyadglign 2 Enalem Kibkab Mekonnen F 30 4 3 1 75 No 3 Moges Yehuwala Abitew and M 40 4 3 1 75 No Muchit Kume Zimamu 4 Mesfin Meshesha Worke and M 65 8 7 1 88 No Muchit Getahun Beyene 5 Jember Bezabih Zelelew and M 18 7 7 0 100 No Muchit Woreta Jember 6 Mesfin Alebachew Tasew and M 58 9 9 0 100 No Amelmal Demsash Bogale 7 Wubalem Jember Bezabih M 45 4 4 0 100 No and Tadel Mare Gesese

Amestiya: PAPs losing residential structures and opting to settle in woreda town center S/N PAP Name የባለይዞታው Sex Age Total Affected Balance % of House Need ስም ፆታ ዕድሜ holding holding holding loss affected? Rep. (kada) (Kada) (kada) መኖሪያ land in ጠቅላላ የተወሰደ ቀሪ ይዞታ ቤት CA? የነበረ ይዞታ በቃዳ በቃዳ የተነካ? በመስኖ ይዞታ ከሚለማው በቃዳ ትክ መሬት ይፈልጋሉ 1. those who are losing everthing 1 Abera Tafese Abitew and 5 5 0 100 YES No Asrebeb Kasa Meshesha 2 Adis Zimamu Worke and M 54 5 5 0 100 YES No Tega Shumew Chekole 3 Teshager Abtew Nigusssie M 57 4 4 0 100 YES No and Tega Getaneh Mekonnen

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Amestiya: PAPs losing residential structures and opting to settle in woreda town center S/N PAP Name የባለይዞታው Sex Age Total Affected Balance % of House Need ስም ፆታ ዕድሜ holding holding holding loss affected? Rep. (kada) (Kada) (kada) መኖሪያ land in ጠቅላላ የተወሰደ ቀሪ ይዞታ ቤት CA? የነበረ ይዞታ በቃዳ በቃዳ የተነካ? በመስኖ ይዞታ ከሚለማው በቃዳ ትክ መሬት ይፈልጋሉ 4 Abaynew Tilahun M 29 0.25 0.25 0 100 yes No Mekonnen 5 Azmeraw Jember Bezabih M 35 3 3 0 100 YES No and Meselu Mesfin Damte 6 Enana Alem Awoke F 32 4 4 0 100 YES No 7 Enana Alem Awoke and F 32 4 4 0 100 YES No Taimalew Tebeje Gebre 8 Gela Gete Yehuwala F 80 4 4 0 100 YES No 9 Kibret Mesfin Meshesha M 37 3 3 0 100 YES No 10 Kume Zimamu Worke F 53 4 4 0 100 YES No and Mulu Fisha Kasa 2. those who are having less than one kada 1 Molla Desalegn Yigzaw M 39 4 3.75 0.25 94 YES No and Teyeku Molla Worku 3. those who are having less than two kada 1 Tadel Kibkab Mekonnen F 48 7 6 1 86 YES No 2 Atale Biru Teferi and M 56 8 7 1 88 YES No Kasaye Ayenew Asresahegn 3 Shumet Alebachew Tasew M 47 12 11 1 92 YES No and Enyat Chekole Belay 4 Habtam Getasew Kume F 20 4 2.5 1.5 63 YES No 4. those who are having more than or equal to two kada 1 Awoke Mekuriya Takele M 38 4 2 2 50 YES No and Debre Molla Ayehu 2 Alemitu Tilahun awoke F 22 5 3 2 60 YES No and Ayenew Mekuanint Tegegne 3 Esubalew Ayenew Asres M 42 5 3 2 60 YES No 4 Bihonegn Mekuriya Takele F 35 8 6 2 75 YES No and Enalem Molla Ayehu 5 Tarekegn Mekuriya Takele F 25 8 6 2 75 YES No 6 Bayush Fentahun Aycheh F 20 3.25 0.25 3 8 YES No 7 Azmeraw Feleke Wonde M 38 6 3 3 50 YES No and Fasika Abeje Teshager 8 Asrebeb Kasa Meshesha 4.5 0.5 4 11 YES No and Abera Tafese Abitew 9 Maru Tegegne Zelelew 5.75 0.75 5 13 YES No and Dasash Belay Adugna

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6.1 – Key Definitions

Some of the key definitions used in the RPF are reproduced below: (i) “Involuntary Displacement” means the involuntary taking of land resulting in direct or indirect economic and social impacts caused by: a) Loss of benefits from use of such land; b) relocation or loss of shelter; c) loss of assets or access to assets; or d) loss of income sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the project affected person has moved to another location.

(ii) “Census” means a field survey carried out to identify and determine the number of Project Affected Persons (PAP), their assets, and potential impacts; in accordance with the procedures, satisfactory to the relevant government authorities, and the World Bank Safeguard Policies. The meaning of the word shall also embrace the criteria for eligibility for compensation, resettlement and other measures, emanating from consultations with affected communities and the Local Leaders.

(iii) Compensation” means the payment in kind, cash or other assets given in exchange for the taking of land, or loss of other assets, including fixed assets thereon, in part or whole.

(iv) Cut-off date” is the date of commencement of the census of PAPs within the project area boundaries. This is the date on and beyond which any person whose land is occupied for project use, will not be eligible for compensation.

(v) ”Replacement cost” means replacement of assets with an amount sufficient to cover full replacement cost of lost assets and related transaction costs. In terms of land, this may be categorized as follows;

(vi). “Replacement cost for agricultural land” means the pre-project or pre-displacement, whichever is higher, value of land of equal productive potential or use located in the vicinity of the affected land, plus the costs of:  preparing the land to levels similar to those of the affected land;  any registration, transfer taxes and other associated fees;

(vi) “Replacement cost for houses and other structures” means the prevailing cost of replacing affected structures of the quality similar to or better than that of the affected structures, in an area and. Such costs shall include: a) Building materials b) transporting building materials to the construction site; c) any labour and contractors’ fees; and d) any registration costs.

(vii) Resettlement Assistance” means the measures to ensure that project affected persons who may require to be physically relocated are provided with assistance such as moving allowances, residential housing or rentals which ever is feasible and as required, for ease of resettlement during relocation,

(viii) Affected Individual – An individual who suffers loss of assets or investments, land and property and/or access to natural and/or economic resources as a result of the sub-project activities and to whom compensation is due. For example, an affected individual is a person who farms a land, or who has built a structure on land that is now required by a sub project for purposes other than farming or residence by the initial individuals.

(ix) Affected Household – A household is affected if one or more of its members is affected by sub-project activities, either by loss of property, land, loss of access, or otherwise affected in any way by project activities. This provides for:  any members in the households, men, women, children, dependent relatives and friends, tenants;  vulnerable individuals who may be too old or ill to farm along with the others;  relatives who depend on one another for their daily existence;  relatives who may not eat together but provide housekeeping and other domestic choirs, and

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 other vulnerable people who cannot participate for physical or cultural reasons in production, consumption, or co- residence.

(x) Affected local community – A community is affected if project activities affect their socio-economic and/or social-cultural relationships or cohesion. For example project activities could lead into such improvement of socio-economic welfare that class- consciousness arises coupled with cultural erosion etc. This is not likely given the anticipated scale of the EIDP subprojects, but must be taken into account.

(xi) Vulnerable Households - Vulnerable households may have different land needs from most households or needs unrelated to the amount of land available to them. Vulnerable households are:

(a) Indigenous peoples / pastoralists - are often closely tied to their traditional or customary lands and natural resources on these lands, but these lands may not be under legal ownership pursuant to national law. Due to that any form of resettlement embodies for indigenous people more serious risks than for any other populations and should consequently be avoided. If this is not feasible, the indigenous peoples’ land use will be documented by experts in collaboration with the affected households without prejudicing any land claim, the affected indigenous people will be informed of their rights with respect to these lands under national laws, including any national law recognizing customary rights or use, the projects will offer affected indigenous peoples at least compensation and due process available to those with full legal title to land in the case of commercial development of their land under national laws, together with culturally appropriate development opportunities; land-based compensation or compensation-in-kind will be offered in lieu of cash compensation where feasible and the projects will enter into good faith negotiation with the affected indigenous peoples, and document their informed participation and the successful outcome of the negotiation.

(b) Unmarried women – who may be dependent on sons, brothers, or others for support. Since an affected individual is able to name the person with whom s/he is linked in dependency as part of the household, resettlement will not sever this link.

(c) Elderly – elderly people farm or work as long as they are able. Their economic viability may depend on how much land they farm or how much they produce because, by producing even small amounts of food to “exchange” with others, they can subsist on cooked food and generous return gifts of cereal from people such as their kith and kin and neighbours. Losing land will affect their economic viability. What would damage their economic viability even more than losing land is resettlement that separates them from the person or household on whom they depend for their support. The definition of household by including dependents avoids this.

(d) HIV/AIDS afflicted persons – relatively high percentages of the poor and total population are living with HIV or are terminally ill with AIDS. Many are beneficiaries of numerous health programs from government (central and local), international organizations and the NGO community.

(e) Woman-headed households– may depend on husbands, sons, brothers, or others for support. However, in other cases too, women are the main breadwinners in their household even where the men have remained with the family. Women therefore need relatively easy access to health service facilities, as mothers and wives. For example, where the land being acquired is used by a woman with no formal rights to it or a woman who is dependent on a man other than her husband for her primary income. These women should not be resettled in a way that separates them from their households as the very survival of their households may depend on them. Their compensation must take into account all these factors.

(f) Small-scale female farmers- are also vulnerable because they may not have men available within the household to carry out male specific land preparation tasks such as ringing trees, clearing or ploughing land. Either male relative in other households help them voluntarily, or they hire men for cash, or food. Land compensation specifically includes the labor costs of preparing a new land, so these women are provided for by the compensation plan.

(g) Non-farming females – these earn income from other sources and/or depend on relatives for “exchanges” of staple foods.

Other definitions:

Subsistence crops: Subsistence crops are crops produced by subsistence agriculture to meet the domestic consumption needs of the farmer to live on and not for commercial purpose.

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Non-eucalyptus trees (or Indigenous): Non-eucalyptus tree are natural/indigenous plants, other than eucalyptus, grown naturally by themselves and not grown by farmer/land holder e.g. Acacia, wanza, warka, abalo, misana etc .

Perennial crops: Crops that have a life period of more than two years e.g. Mango, lemon, papaya, etc

Fruit trees: Fruit crops are usually perennial crops because they live for more than two years i.e. a tree that bears edible fruits, e.g. Mango, Papaya, etc

Private grazing land: private grazing land is a land owned by individual farmer/s and used for grazing. The land holding certificate book bears this information under one column “Land Use Type”. The Land Use Type can be Annual Crop Land, Irrigated Land, Grazing Land, Homestead, etc

Local communal grazing: While private grazing land belongs to an individual so only the holder of the land uses the land for grazing, local communal grazing land the land is legally registered as Kebele (in turn state) holding and used for animal grazing for the nearby farmers. Anybody living in the locality can use the land for grazing because it is communal land.

Belg and Meher: There are two rainy seasons in Ethiopia called ‘belg’ and ‘meher’. The ‘belg’ is the short rainy season which extends from February to May whereas the ‘meher’ is a longer and main rainy season which extends from June to September. During belg season most parts of the country do not receive adequate rain to grow crops. Hence they grow crops only during meher season; however they may receive minimal rain during belg which may stimulate growth of some grasses for animal grazing. In the project area cropping during belg is not considered because they do not receive adequate rain during this season to grow crops.

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7.1 – Sample Entitlement Certificate

Compensation payment Certificate for those who lose land for Ribb Reservoir Project

Name of Holder/s 1. ………………………………. Holding Certificate Book No. ………………… 2. ………………………………. The portion of your holding which is realized to be utilized for Irrigation infrastructure development service is measured and registered by Woreda Compensation Valuation Committee and its area is as shown below. In effect of losing the specified portion of your holding for the construction of Seraba Irrigation and Drainage Scheme, compensation for asset you has produced thereon and first year displacement compensation is estimated and is too shown below. When you are given warning instruction by the Woreda Administration and the Project Office to hand over the land to the project, you are supposed to do so within 30 days by collecting whatever property belonging to you on that land. In addition, as per the directive issued by the regional Bureau of Environmental Protection Land Administration and Use on Land Redistribution for Modern Irrigation Development, immediately after the completion of the project on 2007, you will be given a proportional irrigable land to your ex-holding expropriated. The detail of the compensation estimation is: 1. Rain fed land ………….…. ha 2. Irrigated land ……………… ha 3. Grazing land …………….... ha 4. Compensation for Rain Fed land …...…. Birr 5. Compensation for Irrigated land ………... Birr 6. Compensation for Grazing Land ……...... Birr 7. Compensation for Eucalyptus Tree …… Birr 8. Compensation for Natural Tree ……..... Birr 9. Compensation for Perennial Crop …..…. Birr 10. Compensation for Structures …………… Birr

We certify that the Total amount is Birr (In Figure) .……… (In Word) ……………………….

Additional support measures/assistances/grants

Training Support 1. Training Grant: ETB 1000

Relocation Support (for those to be resettled) 2. Location of Resettlement site: Debre Tabor urban/ Ebinat urban/ Ebinat rural (Amisteya) 3. Amount of land provided in Resettlement site (in sq.mtrs): 200 / 250 / 500 4. Site will be ready: by date

Income Restoration Support (for those entitled to income restoration support) 5. Amount of Economic Rehabilitation Grant (ERG): ETB 10000 6. Conditions for payment

With Regards ……….. Woreda Administration

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8.1 – Terms of Reference for Livelihood and Income Restoration for PAPs of Ribb Reservoir Scheme

B. Project Context The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) in agreement with the World Bank has prepared an Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project (ENIDP) that will finance up to 20,000 ha of new irrigated agriculture and complete detailed feasibility studies of up to 80,000 ha. Total Project cost is estimated at US$173.6 million, of which US$ 150.00 million will be financed by the International Development Association (IDA) and remaining US$ 23.6 million will be financed by GoE and Beneficiaries. The proposed project comprises three technical components: (I) Irrigation Development; (ii) Agricultural and Market Development; and (iii) Irrigation Management. The fourth component is Project Management.

The 130 km Ribb River is located on the east side of Lake Tana, has a drainage area of about 1790 km2 and with its tributaries forms a watershed on the western slope of the high mountainous area east of town of Debre Tabor. The Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR) is financing the upstream Ribb Dam for irrigation water storage and for flood management of Lake Tana in the Amhara Region. The dam shall be a 73.2m earth-rock fill dam and the flooded area at elevation of 1,940.00 masl (Normal Water Level) will be about 10 km2 and 11.235 km2 (1123.5 ha) at 1,943.00 masl (Maximum Water Level), with reservoir storage capacity of 234 million cubic meter. The area to be flooded to form the Ribb Reservoir can be characterized as a mountainous river valley, quite narrow at the dam site. Water released from the Ribb dam will be diverted to the irrigated sites by a weir built close to the irrigation sites. The total irrigable command area identified is 19,925 ha and the total net irrigable area on both banks of the river is 14,460 ha.

The Ribb dam construction site is situated in the South Gonder zone of the Amhara National Regional State. Immediate influence areas of the Dam and reservoir lay in two Woredas – Ebinat and Farta in the South Gonder zone of the Amhara region. Four (4) Kebeles, namely Ayvaniva, Medebgubda and Jara Shekera (Farta Woreda) and one kebele, Amisteya (Ebinat Woreda) shall be impacted by the Ribb reservoir scheme.

C. Resettlement Action Plan of ENIDP The RAP is prepared based on the agreed Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) has been prepared for the overall ENIDP. The overall objective of RAP is to ensure that affected households are no worse-off after the Project. The RAP besides listing the non-tangible impacts, quantifies the tangible impacts and enlists the affected persons/households who shall be directly affected by the project infrastructure in the three affected kebeles. While the RIDP project covers all households including beneficiary households in the command area, the RAP for Ribb reservoir covers only those PAP/PAHs who assets and livelihoods are to be directly affected by the reservoir following the dam construction. All other households in the command areas of RIDP i.e. Fogera and Libo-Kemkem shall continue to their lands without experiencing any impacts directly till the time construction of irrigation infrastructure does not impact them. A separate RAP for the RIDP Irrigation scheme shall cover the households that shall be affected by the design of irrigation infrastructure in the command area.

D. Project Impacts Refer to Chapter 5 of Resettlement Action Plan document (attached)

E. Entitlements applicable to PAPs Refer to Table 6.3, Section 6.4 of Chapter 6 of Resettlement Action Plan document (attached)

F. Livelihood and Income Restoration

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Status: PAPs affected by reservoir (and also the Ribb Dam) are contributing to the development of the modern irrigation scheme i.e. irrigation of the 14400 ha of land in the command area kebeles that lie across Fogera and Ebinat Woreda. However, the lands in Ebinat and Farta woreda kebeles that shall be submerged by the reservoir storage (upto a maximum water level of 1943 masl) are being/have been expropriated on a permanent basis. Therefore these PAPs, in addition to compensation for assets lost at the time of expropriation, as per law, are entitled to a displacement compensation for 10 years for loss of crop production due to loss of land, besides compensation for other losses. However, considering their education, skills and experience, continuance of land based activities is deemed the most appropriate and sustainable rehabilitation measure that shall restore their incomes to pre-project levels or improve upon them.

Regardless of the degree of impact, a Preference Survey was administered on all PAP/PAHs in November 2012 to elicit preferences of the PAPs with regard to their resettlement and rehabilitation and plan in accordance. Briefly, the findings of the Preference Survey were:  % of PAHs who indicated preference for Land based rehabilitation options: 65.05%  % of the PAHs who preferred crop production (among those who preferred land based rehabilitation): 88.16%  % of PAHs who preferred non-land based or mix of non-land options: 34.05%  % of PAHs who preferred Petty Trade (among those who opted for non-land or mixed): 60.17%  Non-land based activities such as Bamboo works, Metal Works, Tannery, Tailoring, etc. were activities with negligible or zero preference activities – that indicates either their lack of awareness/exposure or preference to continue activities familiar.  Fishery despite its obvious potential was totally missing

The Preference Survey recorded that no PAP preferred to shift to command area to avail of his/her entitlement to a parcel(s) of irrigable land. Based on consultations with PAPs, a variety of reasons were ascertained. These are given below: i) cultural factors such as preference of PAPs to continue with their large-sized balance lands albeit unirrigated, rather than shift to another area to avail a smaller size irrigated parcel of land; ii) distance between reservoir area kebeles and command area kebeles i.e. approx. 40 km distance iii) lack of willingness to leave other kebele members and shift to command area which lies in another kebele located in another woreda;

Principles: Two principles shall guide the income and livelihood restoration strategy:  firstly, avoid the change in occupation to the extent possible; and  secondly, if unavoidable, provide appropriate measures that address each of the above risks;

Livelihood and Income restoration strategy: The strategy is to:  firstly, judiciously use compensation amount given; and  secondly, provide PAPs with a development package that has a mix of short-term measures i.e. assistance and income earning opportunities, along with long-term livelihood and income restoration measures

G. Specific Tasks Income Restoration programmes need to be designed with reference to the occupational profile of PAPs and also the prospective host communities/area. Restoration of livelihoods/income of PAPs in land or non-land based economic activities requires a gamut of measures to be devised and implemented. Backward and forward linkages are the economic operations, which have to be undertaken as an interface with the market for inputs as well as outputs. Provision of credit facilities, raw materials, training and other inputs e.g. infrastructural support for a given activity are

Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme – Final Report Page 153 Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project examples of backward linkages. Marketing, market information, tie-ups with shops, stores are the examples of forward linkages.

Figure 8.1 depicts the major tasks that are to be taken in order to reach the RAP objective or intended outcome/goal.

Activities Intended Outcome/Goal

Market survey for assessment of potential IR activities Incomes of PAPs/PAHs restored to pre-project Training Needs assessment levels or improved Support infrastructure Credit facilities Working Capital Support from on-going government programs

General and specific activities under the tasks are listed below:

General Tasks: The contracted agency shall  work in support and as per instructions given by the Social Expert and Livelihood Expert at the Woreda/ Regional level;  motivate PAPs in rehabilitation activities particularly as PAPs would not be acquainted with the idea of rehabilitation, or alternative means of livelihood  hold consultations meetings with communities, affected PAPs on an individual basis if and as necessary  help develop rapport between project authorities and PAPs,  contribute to the preparation of the periodic progress reports as required.  liaise with all government departments such as Agriculture and Rural Development, Urban Development, Health Offices, Women’s Office, other NGOs, training institutes, cooperatives, etc. as relevant and necessary to execute the tasks mentioned  carry out other tasks as necessary to satisfactorily execute the assignment

Other Administration Tasks: The Contracted Agency shall further carry out the following administration tasks:  Support WPITs in maintaining accurate records of all expenditure  Contribute to the Annual Action Plan for RAP implementation as necessary  Ensure proper utilisation of the R&R budget available for each of the packages.  Document tasks carried to enable External M&E agency to monitor and evaluate RAP implementation.

Backward Linkages – Tasks

Identification and Implementation of Income Restoration Activities: The Contracted Agency shall be responsible to:  carry out a rapid market survey particularly with reference to available markets/support for land and non-land based (various extension packages of the WoARD) activities and available markets and locations for activities start up for non-land based income generation activities;  carry out consultations with PAPs, group of PAPs explaining the merits and demerits of each activity;  elicit their preference by using the details from the RAP (or devise another survey questionnaire and revisit to elicit their skills, experience, exposure and risk taking abilities; and  prepare appropriate business plans for each activity along with requisite budgets for approval and sanction by the WPITs, Woreda Administrations and Woreda and Regional Livelihood expert.

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Financial linkages: As PAPs may require support to build a new asset base or obtain new skills which informal institutions such as Iqub, Iddirs cannot provide. Further loss of asset itself complicates the provision of necessary collateral. Hence based on the purchase of an economically productive asset from the Economic Rehabilitation Grant money, sourcing of credit from formal sources should be encouraged. The Contracted Agency shall be responsible to  to establish linkages with Financial institutions such as ASCI, other Banks, cooperatives to facilitate credit for PAPs  As credit should be linked to compensation amount received, they should advise PAPs and arrangements should be made with opening of FDs with part of the compensation against which then such credit can be taken;  obtain required documents and counsel and assist in their accurate entry; and  submit these documents to relevant authorities and carry out necessary follow up for timely action by the concerned authorities

Enrolment into development programs: On-going government programs for household asset building or productive Safety net i.e. food security trainings for farmers on crop production can be tapped into support and rehabilitate PAPs. Further livelihood packages promoted by the Agriculture Extension office or Livestock Development Agency are to be explored into and facilitated. In addition, the on-going programs implemented by other donor NGOs shall be dovetailed with. The Contracted agency shall be responsible:  to check on criteria of each scheme, obtain relevant forms, support PAPs in filling these forms; and  after thorough checking for accuracy they shall support PAPs in submission of these forms with details;

Infrastructural Support: The Contracted Agency shall, if required, liaise with WPITs to provide the basic infrastructure facilities for non-land based rehabilitation. Principal infrastructure facilities required at rehabilitation sites are:  Working sheds  Storage facility  Training shed  Electricity (depending on the activity)

Training: Training support shall be as given below: i) Training Needs Assessment (TNA): Prior to commencement of any income restoration activity, the Contracted Agency shall carry out a Training Needs Assessment. It shall help to establish the Training objectives related to the particular activity. Educational level, existing and required skills besides aptitude and inclination need to be assessed to identify suitable income generation activities. Table F.1 provides an indicative template for skill assessment.

Assessment of skill level of PAP by requirements of the activity Existing Required Trained has traditional knowledge and some/lot of experience Untrained Informal Formal Total

There needs to be two types of training that need to be made available – Entrepreneurship Development Program (EDP) and Skill Development Program.

 EDP is an integrated process of identification, motivation, training, counseling, and support aimed at enlarging the supply of entrepreneurs leading to creation of new enterprises. EDP is a human resource development programme with an output of competent entrepreneurs with viable enterprises.  SDP are for upgrading skills for those persons who have guts for entrepreneurship. The entrepreneur therefore needs to be identified, motivated, encouraged, strengthened and supported.

Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme – Final Report Page 155 Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project ii) Identification of a Training agency (or agencies): The contracted agency shall identify Training agency (or agencies) to provide requisite training to the PAPs based on their skills. Training shall be imparted with a view to impart both theory and practical i.e. on-the-job iii) Customisation and Provision of training: Based on the TNA with respect to the income restoration measures/activities planned, the Contracted agency shall ensure provision of the appropriately customized training material/sessions and their provision to relevant PAPs. iv) Feedback: Feedback from the trainees shall enable to identify weaknesses, shortcomings and improve for the next time. v) Exposure/Field Visits: The Contracted Agency shall also be responsible to identify sites/practices in other projects/ areas for exposure trips/field visits to supplement the classroom and practical sessions. vi) Besides vocation-specific training, PAPs shall be given managerial, financial skills to plan and manage their own production or even for businesses and activities such as Petty trading.

For activities at the community level, a community level, the agency will be required to liaise

Forward Linkages – Tasks The Contracted Agency shall also be responsible for the following tasks:

 facilitate access of PAPs to markets, particularly vulnerable PAPs including arrangement for transportation;  support in establishing tie ups for sale of goods and services with shops including project authorities (MOWE) for a buy-back arrangement for specific set of goods; and  provide relevant market information on a regular basis on prices of food grains, other farm and non-farm inputs,

H. Reporting The agency selected for the assignments shall:  submit an inception report within three (3) weeks; of signing of contract. Key elements of the report shall be as follows: o work plan, including the approach for the whole contract period, o staffing and personnel deployment plan, and finally o a withdrawal plan at the end of the period of contract. The plan shall: . how IR activities and other assets can be maintained . measures/support that the Project authorities should continue with . report on the outstanding issues, if any, .  discuss and agree on the reporting format for the Monthly, Quarterly and Annual Progress reports with WPITs  prepare an Annual Income Restoration Plan that divides the tasks by year and PAPs to be covered;  prepare monthly progress reports to be submitted to the WPITs/Social and Livelihood Expert. The monthly progress report should report on the progress made during the month and compare it with the Annual Action plan o shall include data on input and output indicators o photographs taken shall be submitted (in soft copy form)  submit a completion report at the end of the contract period that shall o summarize actions taken during the project, o the methods and personnel used to carry out the assignment, and

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o a summary of supports/assistance given to the PAPs.  Annex other reports/documentation (in hard copy and/or electronic form).

The Agency will report to the Social Development Specialist at the Regional level and also liaise as required with the MoWE Sociologist.

I. Timeframe for Services The agency shall be contracted for a period of 5 years.

J. Data, Services and Facilities to be provided by the Client: The agency shall be provided with the following:  Resettlement Action Plan  Access to RAP database for baseline values of PAPs  Necessary support letters of introduction  Census and preference survey details to be provided by the Agency: The agency shall make its own arrangements for office space, stationery, transportation and accommodation as required for staff of the NGO, etc., shall be arranged by the NGO.

K. Indicative Team for the Assignment Constitution of the team with indicative educational qualifications and experience is given below:

Sl. No. Position No. Qualification Key personnel 1. Team Leader/ 2 Livelihood Expert (incl. 1 Team Leader) with degree in social sciences Livelihood Expert minimum of 12-15 years of experience, with proven experience in developing and implementing income generation/livelihood programs and solid knowledge of existing government programs and enrollment requirements 2. Rural Sociologist 1 Sociologist with minimum of ten years of experience working in the rural development sector and prior experience of coordination of trainings, etc 3. Community 1 Community Participation Expert with minimum of ten years of Mobilization experience interactions with communities and experience in expert mobilization and group formation, etc. (1). Candidate with prior experience of at least 3 years in Amhara region will be given preference Support Personnel 4. Other support 5 Minimum qualification to be proposed by the candidate agency. Personnel Note: At least one woman should be part of the key personnel at all times i.e. for the entire duration

L. Payments Payment percentages and deliverables shall be:

 in accordance with final scope of work; and  to be mutually agreed

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10.1 – Terms of Reference for Social Development Specialist for implementation of RAP for RIDP54

I. General objectives: The objectives of the social development specialist’s service are:

e) To establish regular communication with key implementing agencies and agree on implementation plan and budget, roles and responsibilities as agreed in the RAP f) To maintain day to day contact with local communities to ensure that they are informed and their concerns are addressed immediately. g) To ensure that activities outlined in the RAP such as measurement of assets, notification for land acquisition, relocation, compensation and land redistribution are done on time in a transparent manner and compensations are as specified in the RAP. h) To ensure that the grievances are addressed in time and adequately in accordance with the grievance mechanism outlined in the RAP.

II. Scope of the service to be provided by the Specialist (Detailed Tasks to be performed): The specific tasks assigned to the Specialist are summarized below:

Expropriation and compensation related  Ensure that all affected land have been measured, all real properties are inventoried and thus their property valuation is done by the woreda valuation committee properly in accordance with the agreed upon legislations to be approved by the woreda cabinet;  Ensure that all legal landholders affected by the project have proved their legal land right thus they are eligible for compensation and land redistribution;  Support in the printing of entitlement certificates and ensure that all entitlement certificates are properly distributed to legal landholders affected by the project;  Ensure that payments of compensation is effected to the respective landholders be it single headed or couple with the name of each husband and wife based on the approved arrangements.  Ensure that notifications for either land evacuation or real property demolitions are done properly.  Support in determining the landholders in the Rib reservoir are properly regrouped to a full compensation as well as those to be resettled in the command area Relocation related  Ensure that the relocation of project affected landholders are properly done on time if the need arises within the properly identified and prepared relocation sites; Planning and capacity related  Study and develop a training plan and proposals for either stakeholders or organizations involved in the implementing process of RAP at federal, zonal, woreda and kebele level in order to create a thorough and common understanding at all levels.  Identify the constraints/challenges in RAP implementation and recommend solutions to mitigate such type of challenges;  Devise ways and time tables for Woreda Implementing Team meetings, follow up and monitoring;  Recommend and develop guidelines for follow up, monitoring and reporting the RAP activities to be implemented; Implementation related

54 Includes 4 woredas – two affected by Reservoir i.e. Ebinat and Farta and two affected by the Command i.e. Libo-kemkem and Fogera

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 Support in developing a proper implementation plan.  Prepare a consultation paper on the proper integration of all stakeholders in the process of implementing RAP;  Ensure that all members organized as a land valuation, redistribution as well as land valuation, land redistribution grievance hearing committees are organized and strengthened properly thus to function properly;  Ensure all grievances are addressed by the respective land redistribution grievance hearing or land valuation grievance hearing committees on time.  Ensure that there is a smooth relationship between the construction organization, the landholders as well as the functioning committee members;  Facilitate kebele elders arbitration committee meetings and process of arbitration for the cases related to the project;

Documentation related  Keep a reliable and clear information and data about the crop-gap, demolished real property as well as evacuated land;  Prepare and facilitate public disclosure workshop;  Ensure that the minutes of different committees as well as the Woreda Project implementing team are kept properly with a book of minute register;  Report periodically on the implemented activities to the responsible organizations on time.

Overall  Advise the Regional Bureau of Environmental Protection, Rural Land Administration and Use in the implementation of RAP and land redistribution.  Support the social development specialist working in Megech Seraba irrigation and drainage project.

III. Outputs and deliverables: The specialist shall submit a thorough plan and an inception report within two months of his employment to start his duty which should contain most of the tasks mentioned in Sections 3. Moreover, he/she will submit yearly plans as well as periodical reviews as a need arises. However, he/she shall produce a report on quarter bases consisting of all the outputs mentioned in section 3 with a standard format. Each report has to be submitted not latter 3 days after the end of the report period. All deliverables will be made and submitted in English. Where necessary, Amharic version can be requested/ accepted.

IV. Terms of employment: The Specialist is a full time worker working either at office or field level in the Bureau of Environmental Protection, Rural Land Administration and Use. He will have a 30 days annual leave which will be permitted by the bureau or deputy bureau head either in block or divided depending on the density of activities to be implemented.

V. Accountability: The consultant will report to the Bureau of Environmental Protection, Rural Land Administration and Use. He will also have a day to day communication with the Environmental Protection, Rural Land Administration and Use Office of the project affected woredas. The Specialist will also have horizontal relationship with the Woreda Project Implementing Teams as well as ENIDP Regional Project coordination office.

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Annexure 10.2 – TORs for Support Experts at the Woreda Level

Position Roles and Responsiblities Communication/  shall be primarily responsible for communication messages to be developed and also for the Consultation Expert consultation strategy to be adopted in the field  shall guide and train the field level personnel in carrying out consultations  shall prepare the Dissemination brief that is to be developed for the project  shall develop the community consultation checklist for the field level consultations and other institution level consultations  shall guide the Woredas and region teams and IR agency in conducting and accurate recording of the consultation discussions and outcomes  shall inform and liaise with the GRCs during consultations  shall keep a reliable and clear information and data about the crop-gap, demolished real property as well as evacuated land;  Prepare and facilitate public disclosure workshop at woreda levvels;  Ensure that the minutes of different committees as well as the Woreda Project implementing team are kept properly with a book of minute register;  Report periodically on the implemented activities to the responsible organizations on time. Livelihood Specialist  shall work in close coordination with Contracted IR agency and Micro-Enterprises office  shall lead the identification of suitable income and livelihood restoration activities from the existing ones besides feasibility of implementing of other schemes if any in other regions  shall be responsible to help the community consultation Expert in field activities particularly in eliciting and addressing communities concerns relating to livelihoods  Shall report any specific concerns raised by the communities relating to livelihoods or loss of income  shall prepare a compendium of on-going government programs  shall facilitate the following: o Training Needs Assessment (TNA): o Enrolment into development programs o facilitate access of PAPs to markets, particularly vulnerable PAPs including arrangement for transportation;  support in establishing tie ups for sale of goods and services with shops including project authorities (MOWE) for a buy-back arrangement for specific set of goods; and  provide relevant market information on a regular basis on prices of food grains, other farm and non- farm inputs, Resettlement Expert  Ensure that all affected land have been measured, all real properties are inventoried and thus their property valuation is done by the woreda valuation committee properly in accordance with the agreed upon legislations to be approved by the woreda cabinet;  Ensure that all legal landholders affected by the project have proved their legal land right thus they are eligible for compensation and other support measures;  Support in the printing of entitlement certificates and ensure that all entitlement certificates are properly distributed to legal landholders affected by the project;  Ensure that payments of compensation is effected to the respective landholders be it single headed or couple with the name of each husband and wife based on the approved arrangements.  Ensure that notifications for either land evacuation or real property demolitions are done properly.  Support in determining the landholders in the Rib reservoir are properly regrouped to a full compensation  shall undertake field visits for ensuring accuracy in data collection, consultation and involvement with relocation activities;  shall inform and liaise with the GRCs during field activities to proactively identify complaints and grievances of PAPs  Participate in sensitizing all people affected directly and indirectly with the resettlement project to

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address their concerns according to the laws, regulations and policies.  Infrastructural Support:  Ensure that the relocation of project affected landholders are properly done on time if the need arises within the properly identified and prepared relocation sites;  Implementation related  Support in developing a proper implementation plan.  Prepare a consultation paper on the proper integration of all stakeholders in the process of implementing RAP;  Ensure that all members organized as a land valuation, redistribution as well as land valuation, land redistribution grievance hearing committees are organized and strengthened properly thus to function properly;  Ensure all grievances are addressed by the respective land redistribution grievance hearing or land valuation grievance hearing committees on time.  Ensure that there is a smooth relationship between the construction organization, the landholders as well as the functioning committee members;  Facilitate kebele elders arbitration committee meetings and process of arbitration for the cases related to the project;

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14.1 – Monitoring Indicators (indicative)

Indicative list of monitoring indicators is given below. Monitoring Indicators Parameters Indicators Physical Total number of PAPs and PAHs affected – eligible and conditionally eligible Total number of vulnerable PAPs and PAHs affected by kebele Number of PAPs affected by phase depending on the construction and submergence schedule Quantum of land ‘permanently’ acquired for submergence in reservoir segregated by type of ownership (private, common grazing land, communal grazing land and government) and by kebele (in hectares) Quantum of land/Number of parcels ‘temporarily taken or lost’ segregated by purpose i.e. diversion of river course for construction purposes; quarry, borrow pits by kebele (in hectares) Quantum of land acquired segregated by category of land (irrigated and un-irrigated) Quantum of structures acquired Final Number of trees (Eucalyptus, Natural and Perennial Crops) affected by size, by kebele Number of PAPs that have become landless i.e. lost all 100% of their landholding by kebele Total number of PAPs with balance landholdings classified by (0.25 – 0.5 ha; 0.5 to 0.75 ha; 0.75 to 1.0 ha; 1.0 ha to 1.5 ha and 1.5 ha and above) Number of PAHs that have got ‘marginal or unviable’ balance land holdings Quantum of communal grazing land (in ha) taken to resettle displaced persons by kebele (in hectares) Quantum of land (in ha) utilized for resettlement sites at Ebinat and Farta by site Number of PAPs already affected and compensated Financial Number of PAPs paid compensation (disaggregated by gender and quarter) (compensation/ Number of PAPs not paid/received compensation (disaggregated by gender and quarter) by type of establishment) reason – unwilling to open bank account as amount is too small; are not living in the area, etc. Number of vulnerable PAPs not paid/received compensation by type of reason – unwilling to open bank account as amount is too small; are not living in the area, etc. Number of PAPs who have already been compensated and are now being compensated for balance lands Amount of compensation paid for structures, crops, trees and other assets (permanent loss) by Kebele Amount of compensation paid for temporary loss of land due to submergence by diversion of river, construction purposes such as borrow pits, quarry, if any Number of “joint” (husband and wife) bank accounts for payment of compensation amount Date of transfer of compensation amounts into accounts Total amount spent on Project implementation teams (WPITs) by salaries and field expenses Total annual cost towards Income Restoration Agency Total annual cost towards contracted External Evaluation agency Total cost on development of resettlement site by site Total cost on relocation to resettlement sites Resettlement Number of PAPs who shifted to resettlement sites by Phase to Resettlement Sites and other and unaffected parcels or relative parcels rehabilitation Number of PAPs who shifted to other unaffected parcels Number of PAPs who continue to reside in the same areas as before i.e. same kebele Number of PAPs who have shifted by area – within same kebele, nearby kebele, in the same woreda, in the irrigation command area, town center Number of vulnerable PAHs who have shifted by area – within same kebele, nearby kebele, in the same woreda, in the irrigation command area, town center Number of PAPs resettled to these resettlement sites by kebele Number of PAPs provided with plots and houses by Woreda in urban centres Number of PAPs provided with transportation arrangements to shift their belongings by Woreda

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Monitoring Indicators Parameters Indicators Number of PAPs who continue same ‘primary’ occupation as before (farming, petty trading) Number of PAPs who have preferred to change occupation from land based to non-land based activities Number and type of income generation options accepted by PAHs (landless) Annual income of households by PAPs (against income reported during survey) in ETB or quintal – those who have continued their previous primary occupation Annual income of households by PAPs (against income reported during survey) in ETB or quintal – those who have changed from previous primary occupation Number of total PAPs enrolled into ongoing government programs (by type) Number of PAPs with livestock holdings (by type of livestock and no.) Number of PAPs who have invested compensation amount into any productive economic asset e.g. ox, tool/machine implement for economic activity Number of PAPs who have availed of ERG and Training Grants Social Number of patients who have visited the newly set up Health Post at Jaraskhira (Education and Number of incidence of water borne diseases (by type of ailment) Health) Number of incidences of school drop outs segregated by gender Number of PAPs availing of educational facilities by type (general, vulnerable) Number of PAPs availing of health facilities by type (general, vulnerable) Number of counseling sessions attended to by PAHs (by category) on HIV/Aids Number of PAHs and non-PAHs provided with LLINs by kebele Number of meetings specifically held with respect to Malaria and HIV/Aids Number of Health Extension Workers working in each Kebele and Woreda Number of PAHs and non-PAHs provided with condoms, ART (if any) Number of IRS carried out by kebele Processes Number of PAPs counseled on opening of bank accounts and updating of passbooks Number of PAPs counseled on judicious usage of compensation amount Number of meetings and FGDs held with communities by category and by kebele Dates of provision of entitlement agreements, compensation payments notification of land expropriation Nature issues raised, discussion points of each meeting and FGD Number of participants in such meetings by category (general and vulnerable) Number of meetings held with host community in reservoir area Number of participants by category of stakeholder (PAP, Kebele, Woreda) at the RAP launch workshop Dates and locations wherein tree nursery programs have commenced Number of sign boards installed by kebele or in the project area providing information Number of Information officers designated by the project Institutional Number of government agencies involved Number of other agencies involved such as NGO or specialized technical training organizations, income restoration activities, database management, monitoring and evaluation Number of persons working in each WPITs Number of government experts involved by type and experience Number of other experts involved by type and experience Development of RAP database Number of trainings provided to the committees (Grievance, compensation, land redistribution) Number of trainings provided by implementing agencies to communities Number of participants in such trainings from non-affected households Number of grievances committees with full staffing and functioning Composition of committees to ensure adequate representation Number of grievances received by type (oral and recorded) Number of meetings held with the affected villages following receipt of grievances

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Monitoring Indicators Parameters Indicators Number of visits by PAPs for redressal of grievances Number of grievances resolved by number of attempts (first attempt/second attempt) Number of grievances resolved by ‘level’ (first level, second level) of resolution Number of PAPs who have approached courts No. of cases referred to GRC No. of cases settled by GRC No. of cases pending with GRC Average time taken for settlement No. of GRC meetings No. of PAPs moved court No. of pending cases with the court No. of cases settled by the court

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14.2 – Template for Monthly Internal Monitoring Report of RAP implementation (Indicative)

Period of Reporting: Month/ Quarter/Year Activities planned for the Quarter (e.g. Jan- March): List them Status of Activities: 1. Land Expropriation: i. Notifications issued (by stage of notification and road sections) ii. Present Map of reservoir indicating areas under submergence (shaded)

2. Training provided (as planned in RAP) i. Committees trained by name, location and date ii. topics covered

3. No. of PAPs taken in the Quarter: i. Distribution of Entitlement certificates

4. IEC and awareness campaign: Give details of i. distribution of R&R policy document; (nos. distributed by kebele) ii. awareness campaigns, iii. meetings with contractor/no. of meetings iv. Materials and Campaigns for HIV/AIDS awareness: Attach sample of materials, if any

5. Bank Accounts i. Opening of Bank Accounts ii. Indicate constraints if any iii. List PAPs whose amount is very little and would require cash disbursement

6. Disbursement of Compensation and Assistances i. Nos. by village,

7. Consultations held by Agency: (with Communities, women/vulnerable households; PCU and other agencies) i. list topics discussed, ii. indicate number of participants by meeting iii. highlight major issues iv. list any actions that are required from Project authority/relevant agency; and v. Provide photos on sample basis

8. Resettlement of PAPs i. Status of development of resettlement sites ii. Assistance to be provided/provided in relocation iii. Details on expected start and completion dates of relocation to resettlement site iv. Provide photos of resettlement sites

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9. Income Restoration/Rehabilitation of PAPs i. Livelihood options of PAPs by kebele ii. Market survey findings iii. Trainings identified iv. ERG, Training Grants released v. Linkages with resource agencies/persons established vi. Trainings provided: completed/pending

10. Grievance redressal system set up i. Number of complaints received ii. Nature of complaints received iii. Where received and recorded iv. Approach to redressal and time taken v. Outstanding issues /special cases vi. Actions required by relevant authority vii. No. of cases that have approached court

11. HIV/Malaria Mitigation Measures For Malaria i. Number of households covered in provision of LLINs by year and segregated by kebeles; ii. Percent of households in malarious areas who own one LLIN per sleeping space; iii. Number of times IRS has been carried out in a year segregated by kebeles; iv. Number of households that appropriately use LLINs for ensuring protection from mosquitoes; v. Number of meetings carried out during social mobilization initiative carried out in a year segregated by kebele; vi. Proportion of women who recognize LLIN and/or IRS as a malaria-prevention method; vii. Proportion of women who recognize fever as a symptom of malaria; viii. Proportion of women reporting exposure to IEC/BCC activities through the HEP; ix. Proportion of community members actively participating in malaria prevention and control activities; x. Proportion of households within IRS-targeted Kebeles are protected by IRS in the past 12 months; and xi. Number of cases that have been reported to the grievance committee regarding non-provision and/or complaints relating to LLINs, IRS, or etc. For HIV/AIDs xii. Number of meetings carried out during social mobilization initiative carried out in year segregated by kebele; and xiii. Monitoring of timely provision of funds for administering of anti-HIV measures and evaluation of the administering of measures and their adequacy;

Collect and present Gender disaggregated data for all above activities, particularly Nos. 5-11 12. List activities planned for next month 13. Annexures: Annex i. Relevant notifications ii. Other

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14.3 – Terms of Reference for Annual External Evaluation

A. Introduction The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) in agreement with the World Bank has prepared an Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project (ENIDP) that will finance up to 20,000 ha of new irrigated agriculture and complete detailed feasibility studies of up to 80,000 ha. Total Project cost is estimated at US$173.6 million, of which US$ 150.00 million will be financed by the International Development Association (IDA) and remaining US$ 23.6 million will be financed by GoE and Beneficiaries. The proposed project comprises three technical components: (I) Irrigation Development; (ii) Agricultural and Market Development; and (iii) Irrigation Management. The fourth component is Project Management.

The 130 km Ribb River is located on the east side of Lake Tana, has a drainage area of about 1790 km2 and with its tributaries forms a watershed on the western slope of the high mountainous area east of town of Debre Tabor. The Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR) is financing the upstream Ribb Dam for irrigation water storage and for flood management of Lake Tana in the Amhara Region. The dam shall be a 73.2m earth-rock fill dam and the flooded area at elevation of 1,940.00 masl (Normal Water Level) will be about 10 km2 and 11.235 km2 (1123.5 ha) at 1,943.00 masl (Maximum Water Level), with reservoir storage capacity of 234 million cubic meter. The area to be flooded to form the Ribb Reservoir can be characterized as a mountainous river valley, quite narrow at the dam site. Water released from the Ribb dam will be diverted to the irrigated sites by a weir built close to the irrigation sites. The total irrigable command area identified is 19,925 ha and the total net irrigable area on both banks of the river is 14,460 ha.

The Ribb dam construction site is situated in the South Gonder zone of the Amhara National Regional State. Immediate influence areas of the Dam and reservoir lay in two Woredas – Ebinat and Farta in the South Gonder zone of the Amhara region. Four (4) kebeles namely Ayvaniva, Jara Shikra and Medebgubda (Farta) and Amisteya (Ebinat) would be impacted by the Ribb reservoir.

B. Resettlement Action Plan The RAP is prepared based on the agreed Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) of ENIDP. The overall objective of RAP is to ensure that affected households are no worse-off after the Project. The RAP carries forward the findings of the ESIA study and, besides listing the non-tangible impacts, quantifies the tangible impacts and enlists the affected persons/households who shall be directly affected by the project infrastructure in the three affected kebeles.

C. Project Impacts Refer to Chapter 5 and 8 of RAP document (attached)

D. Scope of Work The agency shall undertake Annual, Mid-term and End-term evaluation of the R&R components of the project. The agency shall carry out following activities  devise a suitable methodology for carrying out the evaluation  develop formats on the basis of indicators for all the R&R activities included in the RAP and also other required life indicators  collect data from secondary and primary sources based on field visits and interviews with project affected persons and Control households  undertake an Annual and mid-term evaluation of the R&R components of the project, which shall include the following:  Process of implementation of the RAP;

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 Process of consultation;  Process of delivery of the R&R benefits (ERG, Training Grant) within the timeframe;  Process of grievance redressal;  Process of disbursement of compensation and assistance,  Process of relocation to project identified resettlement sites;  Process of rehabilitation, which includes restoration of livelihood (both land based and non-land based), including the vulnerable households;  Process and progress of training staff of WPIT and entitled PAPs;  Institutional arrangement and capacity to the implement the RAP;  Financial and physical progress;  change (increase or decrease w.r.t to annual rate of inflation) in incomes of the PAHs vis-à-vis of the Control Group Households; and (only in mid term)  Reasons for delays vis-à-vis target; and  Any deviation from the RAP  The agency shall undertake an End-term evaluation of the R&R components of the project, which includes but is not limited to the following:  the progress in achieving the goal mentioned in the RPF of the MoWE on improving or restoring the livelihoods of the PAPs;  the consultation process and participation of the people in the implementation of RAP;  benefits received by PAPs under vulnerable categories;  mechanisms deployed for implementation and monitoring of the RAP;  impact of the project specific measures on (a) quality of life of the PAPs, (b) gender sensitivity and empowerment, and (c) vulnerable households;  change (increase or decrease w.r.t to annual rate of inflation) in incomes of the PAHs vis-à-vis of the Control Group Households; and  compare the achievement of R&R program and compare standard of living vis-à-vis those unaffected (or Control) households (See broad indicators to assess quality of life)

Broad indicators Impact evaluation indicators Pre-profojerctasbsaessesliinge Annual End of project Annual income valuesquality of life evaluation evaluation Occupation Landholding Material assets Access to basic services House type

E. To be provided to Agency The agency shall be provided with the following:  access to RAP database for accessing baseline values for PAP and control households;  Resettlement Action Plan  Letters of introduction/facilitation to various departments, as necessary

F. Key Personnel Key personnel required to undertake the evaluation are required to have experience of working in similar assignments  Social Development Expert with degree in social sciences minimum of 12-15 years of experience, with experience in developing and implementing income restoration schemes and solid knowledge of existing government programs and enrollment requirements;  Livelihood Expert (preferably female) with minimum of 12-15 years of experience working in the rural

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development sector  Other support personnel for annual data collection as required.

G. Deliverables and Timelines Deliverables and Timelines shall be mutually agreed on the final scope of work.

Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Reservoir Scheme – Final Report Page 169 Comment Response General Comment: The RAP is comprehensive and well written. It covers all the important Ameseginalehu (Thank you) areas and provides excellent description of gender mainstreaming and livelihood restoration. It provides resources through the Annexes for implementation such as TOR for proposed SD specialist and livelihood restoration agency. Specific comments: Asset inventory, valuation methods and Annexes The data was updated in November 2012. See Chapter 2, Section 2.2 The fact that the completion of the RAP has taken so long means that Page 5. some of the data such as asset inventory has been done nearly 2 years Our Assessment is that such a possibility should be considered on a ago and this could pose a major problem. It is possible that households case by case basis if, as and when raised by PAPs to the GRCs and may have constructed Tukuls or invested in their land since then. Has addressed. the consultant assessed if there is a need for re-visiting the asset inventory? The RAP states that the valuation of assets has been revised because it Incorporated: The valuation of assets was revised since it was was considered too high by the Woreda/regional officials and re considered too high by the region. However, the revision was not submitted. This may cast doubt about the fairness of the intended to cut the price rather to verify that all rates used in the compensation amount. The RAP should be very clear on what was the computations are reasonable. Accordingly, for instance, rates for reason for the high valuation –is it error in measurement, error in natural trees provided by the farta woreda agricultural office was a bit valuation, what adjustments were made and why. too high and rates for unripe perennial crops provided by ebinat woreda agriculture office was found too high and reduced. Some minor adjustments was also made for rates used for structures and grazing lands. But all were reasonable. Kindly note also that there were some increments in rates of some items. For example rates used for natural trees in ebinat was increased during the revision The Annexes on PAPs, asset inventory and valuation is missing. The Already there. Refer to CD 1 (Appendices were not printed and RAP should be submitted in full and any updates on the annexes could provided along with document as there excel, pdf and word files. be made as agreed while the RAP is being reviewed. Major impacts and remedial actions proposed See Para above section 10.4 Threat to food insecure households: The RAP clearly states that given the high level of poverty and food insecurity especially in Ebant (a It is not clear what is meant the recommended path for PAPs who chronically food insecure Woreda), if care is not taken, the project may could slide into food insecurity. If it is meant that other i.e. Non- lead to severe damages to vulnerable households. The RAP has vulnerable PAPs, then such a situation is to be monitored by the same Comment Response recommended that these vulnerable households be enrolled in the bodies and acted upon accordingly. PSNP prior to acquisition of land. However the practical problems related to relocation both distance (12kms away from the villages) and relocation to urban sites may pose challenges to ensure the vulnerable households do benefit from PSNP. It is critical that the RAP gives clear and strong recommendations on how this is to be implemented. A recommendations on monitoring of food security situation of the PAPs is recommended. Please clarify which institution will do that and what would be the recommended path for PAPs who could slide into food insecurity. Loss of grazing land: The important role that livestock and equines Already there. See Chapter 7, Section 7.2.2, Point k, Page 59 play in the income, food security and transportation, the loss of communal and individual grazing land is a critical problem. The risk that some vulnerable households will be forced to dispose their livestock may cause sliding further into poverty and food insecurity. The RAP should identify if there are possibilities that those who continue to farm outside the reservoir can actually have access to other grazing land in the close by areas? If not, concrete proposals on which communal/Kebele grazing land should be developed and these households will have access. Malaria Infestation: The major health threat being the further Already there. aggravation of malaria infestation in an already severely malaria for measures, see Chapter 7, Section 7.2.2 point P, See Page 61-62, infested area, the responsibility of the project in addressing the 1-1/2 pages is provided. malaria problem is mentioned. However it is not followed up in the for budget See Chapter 11, Section 11.2 point vii. Page 115, ETB mitigation measures and budget and other implications. 714000 provided Also refer to Annexure 14.1, Page 161 for monitoring indicators Potential Accidents at Reservoir Site: The threat of accident once the not relevant as enough buffer zone is provided for such potential reservoir is filled is also a real one that needs to be addressed by the overflows which would be would a 1 in 100 year occurrence and for project. Is the 3.5 meters buffer zone sufficient to prevent accidents? which the 3 meter buffer along the reservoir too has been acquired. Is there any threat of overflow and inundation by the reservoir? Is See Chapter 1, Section 1.2, Page 2. there any information on mitigation plan in the design or ESIA? The RAP should come up with recommendations for to addressing this real threat and include the cost in the RAP budget that could be paid by the Comment Response project Downstream impact: Please elaborate on how real and significant is See Point above Section 5.4, Page 39. The RAP refers to the ESMP the down-stream impact and how it will be addressed in the event that wherein it should be covered. it occurs and what will be the mechanism for communities In terms of grievances, Woreda administration has already got downstream to approach the project for grievances and grievance mechanism which involves the Woreda administrator. compensations? Region should set up such grievances. Recommendation added in the grievance chapter See Chapter 15. See Page 139 Preference Survey summary Already there. See Chapter 7, Section 7.3, Page 65 gives details and a The preference survey should give clear information on the following: table summarizing the various options given in the two page  What was the objective of the preference survey conducted? questionnaire. How was it conducted? By whom? Only four PAPs from Ayvaniva kebele were excluded.  Who was included/excluded from the survey and why?  What were the options given? Already there. See Page 64,  What was the outcome of the survey? Please provide a Provided in Section 7.3.1 (Also see Appendix 8.1, where already summary table of the preferences of all the 1031 PAPs provided in detail)  Which of the preference outcomes will be entertained which will not and why? (e.g description of the 85 households as landless/houseless given in section 7.3.1 and 7.2.1 are not consistent. What is to be done about 74 households who expressed preference to relocate to urban areas?

Please clarify if there is any possibility to conduct a preference survey Cannot understand what is the point of this comment? SMEC is not at a later stage if PAPs want to reconsider relocating to the command required to be at site to repeatedly check on possibility of changing area? Has there been any PAP so far who made change of mind in preferences of the PAPs. Further PAPs are/were required to make up his/her preferences since 2012 when it was conducted. How is this to their mind which forms the basis for compensation by one of the two be accommodated in case it happens? options – 10 years displacement compensation or provision of proportionate irrigated parcel of land in the command area. Already such options and their outcomes have been explained to the PAPs by SMEC, Kebele administration and Woreda and Region officials. Change of mind in respect of resettlement i.e. relocation to project identified sites, cannot be accommodated at this stage of RAP finalization. Still if Comment Response it is deemed necessary, another round of preference survey can be conducted by Woreda, Region and MOWE if they so desire by themselves. Yes, what can be changed is the preference for income restoration activities other than what was indicated during preference survey. That is not binding primarily because a solid matching of existing skills and preferred trades is yet to happen based on the market assessment that is to be carried out by the IR agency (as and when it is contracted). Further counselling and guidance to PAPs will be required to ensure that not too many crowd the same trade e.g. Petty Trade. Relocate site: Incorporated Please state from the outset (4.6.2 par 5) whether adequate land has been provided by both Ebant and Farta Woredas as well as Debretabor towns to resettle PAPs. Provide information on what size of land in each area, its adequacy, etc. Detailed information is provided elsewhere which should be consistent with this paragraph Community concerns: Third party was Consultants such as us SMEC and previous ESIA Fear of delays in compensation payment has been highlighted as one consultants. The issue was clarified during the meeting and major concern of PAPs and it is one of the major source of grievances subsequently during kebele level disclosure events by by PAPs in Megech. The RAP should recommend how this can be done members/chairman of the valuation committees, specifically on the better and who should ensure timely payment of compensation. mode of payment to Bank accounts of PAPs The community consultation (p.23) raised the concern that Already there. See Point 9, Chapter 12, Page 119 on Implementation communities have about ‘third party’ involvement regarding schedule compensation payment. Which is the third party? And what is their involvement? Please clarify. It is also indicated that women had a fear that their money will be taken away-(4.4 last para). Please explain typo. Corrected to state “Some women indicated that if they became what the concerns are. landless they would take the given money and go to urban and do business.” The comparison of the WB policy and GOE policy demonstrates the This is the only incidence of ineligibility. differences in eligibility. The RAP has identified 8 PAPs who are full time government employees and are ineligible according to the law. Are there other ineligible categories of PAPs? Please clarify? Comment Response Capacity at Woreda level- The RAP recommends the hiring of 3 experts Assessment of the Woreda institutions is already given as a para at the at Woreda level (Ebnat and Farta) namely: Resettlement expert, end of write up on each Woreda. livelihood expert and consultation expert. These are absolutely essential given the size of the PAPs and the very limited capacity of the Woreda administration already seen from practice. The results of It is already there i.e. the provision of livelihood experts that is capacity assessment of implementing agencies (especially at Woreda recommended by RAP. See Chapter 11, Section 11.3 points x and xii. level) which is missing from the RAP should justify the Page 115 and 116. TORs included as Annexure 10.2 Page 159; Budget recommendations along with TORs for the respective role and increased to accommodate 4 more experts to the existing two that responsibilities. Any cost implications for the recommended personnel were already budgeted for. should be included in budget. Institutional arrangement for implementation of RAP Incorporated. Additionally the contracted IR agency too will support Based on experience from Megech, it will be critical to ensure the the Ribb SD specialist RPCO has an overall coordination of RAP activities at the regional level while the NPCO provides oversight, reporting, technical support and most of all facilitation. The SD specialist for Ribb (hosed at BOEPLUA) will need to be supported by the 3 team of experts in both Farta and Ebnat Woredas. The six will report to the Woreda and also to the SD Specialist for Ribb at the regional level. The SD specialist for Ribb should report both to BEPLAU and RPCO who will be accountable for the overall coordination of RAP which is also part of project coordination- both are mutually interdependent 1. Income Restoration Strategy

The categories under 8.1 are not clear. Restoration of income and livelihood should have the following categories: i) PAPs who will continue with farming: 1.1 Those who have balance land and prefer to remain in rural Provided as a new Section 7.7 and also a prelude to Chapter 8 on areas and continue farming (less than 1 Kada, between 1 Income Restoration and 2 Kada and more than 2kada) 1.2 Those who have lost all land and relocated to rural sites For Preference survey findings for each PAP see Appendix 8.1 in CD. ii) PAPs who will do farming and live in urban area 2.1 Those who have balance land in rural area but moved to urban sites ( less than 1 Kada, between1-2 Kada, more Comment Response than 2 Kada) iii) PAPs who have moved to urban area 3.1 Those who have lost all land and structures and moved to urban sites

The income restoration strategy should 1) identify the priority PAPs based on severity of impact 2) the general income restoration activities Point 1 is already well answered in the bullet points below Table 8.1 that will benefit app PAPs and 3) income generation activities that Point 2 is addressed in the first sentence of Section 8.4.1, Chapter 8, target the these three categories of PAPs. Page 80 Description of livelihood activities (P83-96 can be moved to annex) Point 3 is not accepted as it considered as too much of premature planning. Activities listed in the RAP are based on their expressed preferences, but are not the outcome of repeat/ multiple rounds of interactions with each PAP as would be normally required which too in the first place shall be based on the a detailed market assessment study. Such detailing without household level consultation with each PAP would be erroneous to present at this stage when a match of existing skills and preferred rehabilitation option is not yet fully done with professional income restoration related advise. Such detailed planning should be left for the contracted Income Restoration agency. Hence not presented here. Budget

 Include budget for communication work a  Already there. See Chapter 11, Section 11.3, point xii. Page 116.  Include budge for 3 experts in each Woredas  Added (participation/consultation, livelihood restoration and resettlement experts)  Budget for costs for extra work that is needed to rehabilitate farmers that will continue with their remaining plots and need  Already there. See Chapter 11, Section 11.3 points xiv for Income to be supported by agriculture extension (e.g. Limited subsidy Restoration Agency. This agency will provide support to all PAPs for supply of inputs, assigning a dedicated agriculture and dovetail existing IR programs extension agent tow work with these group of PAPs may be necessary as part of the livelihood restoration effort)  Already there. See Chapter 11, Section 11.2 , Page 114 point vi. Comment Response  Include budget on construction of health center for Kebele in ETB 600000 provided Farta Woreda who will be cut off by the reservoir Comments from RSA HQ The RAP is generally well structured, clearly written, and well presented. No significant issue with form was identified. Implementation arrangements and the budget are adequately described and appear robust..

As to substance, we have identified the following deficiencies:  Land currently used for subsistence agriculture is essentially going to be compensated in cash. There are no robust provisions for land replacement. The risk of impoverishment See explanation against the summary comment. mentioned in the introduction to Chapter 7 as one of the drivers to the RAP is in fact left unaddressed. The RAP explains thatmost of the physically displacedsubsistence farmers have expressed preference towards cash compensation and will be moved to town outskirts. In these urban resettlement sites, they will be unlikely to be able to engage in agriculture for lack of land or to access urban employment for lack of skills.That physically displaced people responded in the “preference survey” that they preferred cash is no robust justification, as such uninformed preference is often expressed in similar surveys, is often related to doubt that resettlement provisions will be adequate, and would have needed to be worked on consistently rather than taken for granted. Clarified. See details under Livestock component, Chapter 8, Section  The livelihood restoration principle is that affected people will 8.5, Page 83 receive a livelihood restoration grant, which they will use towards enrolling in training and/or other livelihood restoration initiatives with support from a dedicated livelihood  See explanation against the summary comment. Further it is to restoration agency. However, it is not fully clear whether the be stated that effective monitoring and evaluation can provide the initiatives described are existing ones or if they will need to be implementing agencies (and bank task team) with enough Comment Response put in place. If the latter, it may be that the budget is not evidence if such proposed measures are working or any more sufficient to establish these livelihood restoration projects. supplementary measures at a later date, are required to achieve  The weakness of land replacement and livelihood restoration the RAP objective. provisions raises a reputational risk to the Bank as it could be alleged that it is supporting affected peoples’ impoverishment,  Such options of moving to command area were proposed in the as suggested by recent controversies over Bank supported preference survey, reluctance noted by the Kebeles, Woredas and irrigation ventures in Ethiopia (Gambella). the Regional government. Following survey by the Consultants, Woredas and Region despite reconfirmation by having independent consultation with PAPs the preferences/outcomes  A simple and practical principle could be, rather, that the did not change. Due to the cultural practice of staying within their irrigation project will first benefit the people it takes land from. own woredas (See Chapter 4, Section 4.5), options of the kind as Affected people should be relocated close to areas where proposed had to be listed. irrigation will be conducted, and the Project should commit to allocate irrigated land in replacement for the non-irrigated land they lost.  Already there. Details on planning of resettlement site has been  Very few details are provided on the planning of resettlement given in Chapter 7 (See Section 7.3.3.) and the budget chapter (See sites. Good practice RAPs include at least conceptual planning Chapter 11, Section 11.1 Pages 113-114. Check principles, such as the proposed level of service(water, roads, power, drainage, sanitation) that the borrower commits upon. Other important gaps include:  The social baseline does not provide a comprehensive understanding of affected livelihoods (particularly agricultural Aspects such as these were originally covered in the ESIA by the ESIA systems and current coping strategies) and as a result actual consultants and not repeated here. impacts to livelihoods remain unclear.  Project Affected Households are not distributed upfront into Already there. Section on Physically displaced persons and Table 5.8 clearly detail it out. “physically displaced” and “economically displaced” (the Incorporated in the Executive Summary information on people losing their residence actually appears in Chapter 5 but does not feature prominently), while this would be essential to the understanding of impacts and should be presented as of the Executive Summary. Comment Response  There are no details on actual land tenure in the affected area. The RAP seems to assume that all interests in land are duly See Chapter 2, Section 2.2, “All counting of assets (structures, crops registered and that only such rights will be compensated. Are and trees situated on land) and registration was carried out in the there people using land without registration? If so, they should be presence of the ad-hoc Committee and owner/claimant of the affected identified in the impacts chapter and provisions for their property” . So there is no assumption. Registration of such properties clearly identified is part of the asset inventory survey process. compensation should be spelled out (for example and as a minimum assistance from woreda officials in registering their claims such that they can receive compensation). No host communities are affected by the project as the location of the  It is unclear whether households affected “indirectly” by land resettlement sites are well chosen whether it be within the town allocation at resettlement sites (which could be categorized as (Ebinat Woreda Town or Debre-Tabor town and grazing land site). “host”) are included in the count of affected households, and Also they are not counted as Affected Persons provisions pertaining to host communities are generally weak.  19 kebeles appear to be affected by project infrastructure in Already well explained. See Chapter 1, Section 1.5, Page 3. “ While addition to the four that are affected by the dam and reservoir; RIDP covers all households including beneficiary households in the the magnitude of impacts on these 19 kebeles is not fully clear, command area and also includes those affected by the Reservoir, this and the baseline surveys seems not to have covered them. specific RAP covers only those PAP/PAHs who assets and livelihoods are to be directly affected due to submergence by the reservoir waters following dam construction.1” Hence baseline survey of other PAPs in the command area is done but would be presented in separate RAPs In summary, a more convincing plan would involve including the The choice of instrument – a preference survey was brought about affected farmers as beneficiaries of the irrigation programme. Unless because of the insistence of the Regional BoEPLAU to know the RAP provisions have been agreed before in principle and are preferences of the each and every affected farmer complemented by other livelihood measures that the reviewer is not aware of, it is recommended to engage the government of Ethiopia to The author is well aware that choices made by the PAPs may not be strengthen land replacement and livelihood restoration the best option for them considering their levels of skills and outside exposure. However, in here, the strong cultural preference to stay in their own woreda and thereby having a reluctance to shift far away from their current location, added to the fear or discomfort of host communities in another woreda were the key reasons for their preferences as eventually indicated. So, it is essential to accept and

1. A separate RAP shall cover those who are likely to be direct irrigation infrastructure Comment Response agree that participatory planning for R&R may lead to such situations as well despite serious attempts to counsel, inform them of their choices. Efforts were made at many levels to counsel, convince them on their legal entitlement i.e. those directly losing a portion of their land to the infrastructure (RIDP), will lose their previous holdings and shall post-redistribution, receive irrigated and thereby a more productive but proportionally smaller plot of land.”. However this did not prove fruitful. Hence the current approach of “compensation plus income restoration support” was considered as a participatory and therefore not involuntary again) planning and thereby the next best approach and agreed to after prolonged discussions by all involved – the consultant, woredas and regional bodies and the bank task team itself and most importantly the PAPs who were informed of the support measures that can be availed of.

Also for information Preliminary consultations were held with a few kebeles while preparing the inception report for the subsequent development of separate RAPs for the Project Command Area (Libo-kemkem and Fogera). Consultant had (in consultation with MOWE, Region and Woredas) informed communities in Libo-kemkem of potential shift of PAPs from reservoir area to command area and met with very hostile reactions at Shina Tsion kebele. Further during the community consultations for RAP preparation processes for Command area, the Author has personally observed to many such suggestions – the hostile nature of farmers (in what is a very fertile but densely populated area) to possibility of any newcomers. Other priority wise comments Valuation methodology: the document indicates that a method based Already provided in Table 6.2 and also under Table 6.2; on the replacement value was applied, but provides few details. The socio-economic baseline in Chapter 3 is purely quantitative but Provided in Section 3.1, Chapter 3, Page 10 does not give a proper picture of affected peoples’ livelihoods, particularly on the key dimension that will be affected, agriculture. For Comment Response example, agricultural calendars, crop rotations, integration of agriculture and animal husbandry, opportunities for improvements, markets for agricultural produce, are not described. Such information could have easily been obtained from simple qualitative discussions with key informants and affected people themselves in focus groups, for example, and would have provided a most useful complement to quantitative data. Section 4.5 mentions a “preference survey”, but as details on the Cross referenced. See end of Section 4.5 questionnaire (what options were presented and how were they presented?) and results are not given in any detail in this section, the section where these appear (Chapter 7) should be cross-referenced. Another 19 kebeles are affected by project infrastructure (in addition Clarified. See Chapter 1, Section 1.5, Ist paragraph, that clearly defines to the dam and reservoir, which affect 4 kebeles). These 19 kebeles the scope of this RAP have not been considered in the initial assessment of impacts, nor are they included in the baseline study. If impacts on these 19 kebeles are marginal, this needs to be stated clearly and they should be treated separately. If impacts are not marginal, then we have a major problem with this document as these 19 kebeles are not considered adequately in the RAP. Chapter 5 uses both categories of “Project Affected Households” and Addressed “Project Affected People” for the quantification of impacts. It seems from looking at the numbers that in fact most of them refer to “Households” rather than “People”. This is at any rate rather confusing. See particularly Table 5.8. Impacts on host communities in section 5.5: cursory. Host Addressed. communities should be identified, and a better description of potential impacts should be provided in view of the proposed relocation/land redistribution measures. The gap analysis in Table 6.1 is an important element of the RAP. Addressed. However, the way forward to addressing gaps identified in the table is not clearly spelled out. For example, how does the RAP address the timing gap (per Ethiopian regulations, affected people could lose their land, hence their livelihoods, before compensation is in place)? Comment Response Chapter 6 (page 51): the eligibility issue is not addressed in line with They do not get paid as per Ethiopian legal framework as they are OP 4.12. Legalising informal claims is fine but what happens if informal considered illegal and they shall not be able to legalize their status. land users cannot register their claims because they do not meet all Yes it is known that this does not meet Bank requirements. The issue conditions of Ethiopian law? has been raised on many occasions with the Regional BoEPLAU and Bank Task team but without such gaps being ironed out. Suggested option would be pay them for the assets – at least one time for crops, (if not displacement 10 year compensation) and replacement cost of other structures. Term it as assistance in place of compensation so as to not disturb associated legal connotations of compensation. Considering that such ring fencing approach normally happens in bank funded projects across the world (i.e. such provisions would not be applicable to other govt. own funded projects), such an approach should be acceptable to by Govt. of Ethiopia simply going by humane considerations, but it requires that the issue is provided the requisite thrust by the Bank Task Team. There is an essential problem with the entitlement matrix in Chapter 6, Explained in detail above. Most of such PAPs have preferred to move which is that land will be compensated in cash, with only a fairly vague to non-agriculture vocations. Petty Trade being the most preferred commitment later in the document to facilitate access to new land. option considering that it is an occupation that have most exposure, This does not meet the requirements of OP 4.12. The very risk of second only to farming impoverishment mentionedin the introduction to Chapter 7 is in fact left unaddressed. The RAP plainly explains that rural people will be moved to town outskirts where they are most unlikely to be able to engage in agriculture and will not be able to access to urban employment either as they do not have the skills for such. 7.3.3 on planning of resettlement sites is cursory. A normal RAP would Already there. Check Appendices 7.2 and 7.3 enclosed in soft copy at least include conceptual drawings of the resettlement sites with besides appendix 11.1 for detailed estimate planned infrastructure, and much more details on the levels of services (water, power, sanitation, drainage). 7.3.4 on host communities is not acceptable. An impact is anticipated Incorporated. See Section 7.3.6 in broad terms (on host community infrastructure and social amenities) that is neither assessed in any detail nor mitigated. The income restoration sections (8.3 and 8.4) go to great lengths to Explained in detail above in response to Summary comment. demonstrate that a whole range of new activities can be promoted to Comment Response support affected peoples’ livelihood restoration. This is all fine. However, there is ample experience on similar projects that such activities are adopted by subsistence farmers only with great difficulty and within a longer timeframe than the five years of proposed support. A more realistic livelihood restoration strategy would be to offset lost land with irrigated land in the new irrigated perimeters. 8.5 lists a number of livelihood restoration activities. It is unclear Clarified. See details under Livestock component, Chapter 8, Section whether these are existing initiatives in which PAPs would be enrolled 8.5, Page 83 in addition to existing beneficiaries or if they need to be specifically implemented and funded under the RAP. Implementation responsibilities are adequately described and are line Okay, however the section has been further revised to incorporate with the usual way of implementing such projects in Ethiopia. Task team’s comments of May 22, 2014 The same applies to the budget: the level of detail as well as the no response required overall amounts appear to be adequate. The same applies to Chapter 12 on consultation and disclosure and no response required Chapter 13 on monitoring and evaluation. While the grievance redress mechanism described in Chapter 13 is Recommendation added under the composition table at both kebele generally sound, it is noted that the critical Woreda level Grievance and Woreda levels Redress Committee (GRC) includes only civil officers from the woreda administration. This is not in line with current practice. The woreda level GRC should include other members not linked to the woreda administration, e.g. local civil society members such as teachers or doctors, church representatives if possible, and generally independent, well-regarded individuals. “Project Command Area” is used throughout the document without a Already defined upfront, See section 1.3, chapter 1, page 2 proper definition upfront. Unclarity between Project Affected Households and Project Affected Clarified. Title owner (or Asset owner) household is the PAH while all People – the wrong acronym may have been used members in the household are the PAPs. Unclear what “directly affected” means. This means that impacts will be felt at the community level too. Impacts such malaria or hiv aids are likely but such persons are not possible to enumerate at this stage as such risks are higher once the reservoir fills up or more in-migration happens during operation phase. Text in the next paragraph, too it carries the same meaning. Comment Response 15% of affected households were subject to a socio-economic survey. was already discussed and agreed at 10% at the inception report stage The justification for the sample size is not provided. For 1091 in 2009 and later during submission of screening and RAP report in households, the sampling rate necessary to achieve 5% error at 95% 2011. Hence no change is possible now. confidence (usual good practice) is 26%. This does not account for potential stratification of the sample by community, which has actually been done as most results in Chapter 3 are actually presented by community, and would result in a yet larger sample. All percentages in the socio-economic survey are expressed with four Current practice is 4 significant digits. Considering that such data could significant digits even though the flaw in sampling mentioned above be used for evaluation purposes for mid and post implementation, surely means that only two would be appropriate. number of digits as stated is being retained. The presentation of the socio-economic baseline should not start with Section 3.3 is all about that. Forms used by the Region which are membership in CBOs, but with more fundamental data like mandatory require such information on every family to be collected, demographics, livelihoods, etc… hence these have been provided. However other details such as Elementary data on household demographics should be presented in membership are not mandatory for which Consultant’s socio-economic the socio-economic data: what is the distribution of household sizes? survey questionnaire was administered. What is the distribution of household head ages? How many female headed households are there? Table 3.11 is unclear: do the numbers mean that absolutely everybody Survey covered membership as wherein a PAPs is most actively is a member of a group? Cannot people be members of two or more participating or enrolled. groups? Affected and host communities are not mentioned in the list of Added/incorporated stakeholders in 4.1 The meaning and implications of footnote 22 are unclear. Does this Considering the difficulties encountered by the kebele administration mean that only older makes participated? (at the request of Consultant) in organizing such consultation 4.6 and 4.7 provide useful information but is more “annex-type” Previously other ministry and regional reviewers expected more details information. This could be provided as is in an annex, while outcomes upfront in the main report and less in the annexures. Hence, no of consultation should have been summarized and structured by issue change deemed necessary here. rather than by stakeholder and presented in a tabular form in the main report. The title of Chapter 5 should establish clearly that impacts being WHY? Considering the positive impacts of the RIDP as a whole and looked at here are only displacement impacts. even potential benefits (reservoir fishing and tourism development, etc.), it is deemed essential to mention both. This in fact was one of the common complaints of the Regional BoEPLAU that while the whole Comment Response RAP is about mitigating the adverse impacts, more mention should be made of the positive impacts. The people to household multiplier is derived from regional statistics It was the same. (5.2 and footnote 26) at the scale of the entire Amhara Regional State (total population 20 million people, larger than many countries), whereas a socio-economic survey was carried out on the affected households. It would be quite extraordinary that the socio-economic survey did not capture the number of people in affected households. “Privately owned common grazing land” is a concept that requires Added as a foot note; See Page 35 some clarification. “Land considered ineligible for compensation”. The RAP seems to Aspect explained above. assume that as long as people are not predominantly farmers (employees in this case) they become ineligible for compensation. This does not recognize the fact that corresponding land may still be critical to affected peoples’ livelihoods. Perennial crops are considered together, while there is a big difference See Appendices soft copy, Appendix 11.2 for all rates in values between, say, cassava and coffee. Vulnerable groups: again it should be clarified whether numbers refer Households wherein the vulnerability status is considered from Head to households or people. of the Household The term “Resettlement Policy Framework” used as title for Chapter 6 Corrected to state as Applicable legal framework is potentially confusing as “Resettlement Policy Framework” refers to something different under WB OP 4.12. The review of OP 4.12 in section 6.2 should mention compensation at Incorporated along with couple of other relevant features replacement value as an important feature. Section 6.4 should clarify whether the RPF was approved by the Bank Phrase on Bank approval and Infoshop disclosure added under Section and publicly disclosed on the Bank’s website. 6.4, that was approved by the World Bank in 2007.

However just to clarify, the Bank approved RPF did not specify entitlements and/or the process at that point of time. Subsequent issuance of guidelines document i.e. The Regional (BoEPLAU) Guideline on Expropriation of Landholdings for Public Purpose and Payment of Compensation, 2009 (listed in 1st page of this chapter) meant that the earlier approved RPF was fairly generic. In fact it is not specific to the Comment Response Amhara region where this project (Ribb or whole of ENIDP) is located and talks of another region - Oromia. The unnumbered table after table 6.2 introduces “meher” and “belg” Incorporated. See Annexure 6.1 on Definitions land without explaining what they are. Not sure it is useful to mention the Cernea resettlement risk model Agreed that it might not have consistently guided the document insofar as the model is not used consistently to guide the document particularly with addressing the risk of landlessness with replacement and the entitlement framework. In any event if this conceptual irrigable parcel of land. The author provided the model specifically framework is going to be used, the author should be mentioned with a view that such models/diagrams and text can be used in any (Cernea). training programs that the implementing Woredas and Region can subsequently use. 7.3.2 provides a good assessment of the resettlement sites but it is not Already well clarified as to who goes where. See first 3 bullets on top fully clear whether the identified sites can accommodate all resettlers. of page above Section 7.3.2 in Chapter 7, Page 65. 3 bullet point If I sum the numbers of available plots in 7.3.2 I get 10+14+54 = 78, clarifies the missing 7 numbers whereas 85 PAHs were mentioned in previous chapters as physically displaced. Where do the remaining 7 households go? Confusion between PAPs and PAHs continues throughout chapter 7. Corrected Clarify who is going to build residential houses. If the resettlers Well clarified in Chapter 7, Section 7.3.4, Page 71 and 72 on Allotment themselves, what assistance will they receive (technical and other) to process make sure that they comply with applicable norms? Section 7.3 on resettlement sites should include a rapid environmental Out of scope. It should be ideally captured in the EMP. Further impact assessment of the development of resettlement sites (brief description assessment is not required for our case since of initial situation, potential impacts, brief management plan).  the population increase in the debretabor town due to the resettlement of 50 HHs to 68,318 populated debretabor town (50*4.5/68,318)*100 is below 0.4% which is quite insignificant. Also the located site is developing area and was sparsely populated at the time of assessment.  In Ebinat Town, 24 families are moving in but at two different sites (14 and 10). Again the town centre is expanding and is the new population is not expected to cause impacts.  In rural land site too there is only likely to be pressure, if any on the communal grazing land due to the incoming 7 PAP Comment Response households

Giving preference to PAPs in dam related employment is good but the Further clarified. See Chapter 8, Section 8.3, Page 79, paragraph above RAP does not specify how this will be done. I presume the dam is “during operations phase”. Also “Project authorities would provide the essentially built by contractors. How do PAPs access these contractor with a kebele-wise list of PAPs” added. employment opportunities? How does the contractor know who is a PAP and who is not? Is the amount of ETB 500 for the training grant correct? This seems like Cost indicated is based on costs for such trainings as financial literacy a very modest amount (about USD 25) to accommodate the cost of any courses and other discussions with Woreda offices. Any such amount substantial training activities. can be revisited or potential escalation can be accommodated under Contingency provision of 3% of total RAP budget The Gantt chart describing the implementation schedule in Table 12.1 Changed to landscape to enhance readability is not easy to read. Section 4.5 mentions a “preference survey”, but as details on the REPEAT COMMENT (previously under high priority) questionnaire (what options were presented and how were they presented?) and results are not given in any detail in this section, the section where these appear (Chapter 7) should be cross-referenced. The word “intimation” is used several times in the Consultation not clear what this comment is about. Simply means that advance chapter (4) and it is not fully clear what it may mean in this context. information on any proposed meeting or approach to preference survey, etc. as per context. Not sure it is a good idea to use Indian numbering conventions Corrected (1,32,668 eucalyptus trees in page 37). There is a problem with the formatting of Table 6.2 as some items had Nothing noticed to be missing from the soft copy. disappeared. Table 7.1 page 67: the population density of 0.004 persons per km2 is Typo. Corrected. It should read 0.004 persons per m2 quite obviously wrong. Francois Onimus comment Dated August 26 One matter of concern I have myself is that, according to the Preferences indicated for Income restoration during the Preference preference survey results, several PAPs are going to lose 100% or the Survey cannot be considered as their final option simply because a vast majority of their crop land but not their houses hence they won’t solid matching of existing skills and preferred trades is yet to happen. move to town, where it would be easier to find alternative sources of That needs to be based on income. Their preference in terms of livelihood restoration is for  a market assessment that is to be carried out by the IR agency (as cropping activities. They can do it on rented land using their cash and when it is contracted by MOWE). Comment Response compensation to pay for the rent for the time being, but this is not  training needs assessment to be undertaken by the agency sustainable over the long term. Restoration of a sustainable income my appear to be quite of a challenge for these HH. It would be good to Further counselling and guidance to PAPs will be required to ensure elaborate a bit more on these specific HH in the RAP. that not too many crowd the same trade e.g. Petty Trade.

In this case of those preferring to stay back (rather than shift to town), for effective Income restoration there will need to be a mix:  of land based (those with balance land) such as the livestock packages;  provision of other skills and trades based on training needs assessment  that could be of use to the Dam office infrastructure during operations phase e.g. Drivers, cleaners, etc. for work at site or in towns i.e. increase their skill levels to increase their employability and thereby avenues of income  judicious usage of time based deposits  purchase of any economically productive asset

Section 8.4.1 that talks of ERG is precisely addressing this aspect