3178 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 197? EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS
METHANOLASANENERGYSOURCE of fuel. At the present time, the amount ful, consistent performance of duty in an of methanol made in the United States assignment essential to the orderly and is only about 1 or 2 percent of the amount efficient operation of the minority side of HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST of gasoline we refine. If we do not im the House, and, with a tinge of regret, I OF VIRGINIA prove these statistics, we are neglecting join in a fond farewell. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a potentially abundant source of energy. May Tom and his family enjoy good The United States comprises 6 percent Tuesday, February 1, 1977 health and contentment in the years of the world's population, yet we burn ahead-and may he be inclined to visit Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, I am up 33 percent of the world's energy. The often with his many friends here. today introducing legislation to encour severe energy crunch we are now experi age the use of methanol as an alterna encing coupled with the oil embargo by tive fuel for motor vehicles. This bill the Arabs in 1973 surely dramatize the would encourage the construction of need for increased energy supplies and SICK PAY TAX EXCLUSION methanol-producing facilities by allow self-sufficiency. We need to explore every ing a 5-year rapid amortization in addi possible avenue of new energy sources. tion to a 10-percent investment tax My bill is a rational one designed with credit. Second, it would exempt fuels our future energy needs in mind. It rep HON. WILLIAM (BILL) CLAY which are at least 10 percent methanol resents the kind of concrete energy pro OF MISSOURI from Federal excise taxes. gram the American people are calling IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I believe it is time for the Congress to for. I urge my colleagues in the House Tuesday, February 1, 1977 begin a real program for the develop to join me in supporting this measure. Mr. CLAY. Mr. Speaker, the sick pay ment of methanol as a viable substitute tax exclusion by the Tax Reform Act of for gasoline. Why methanol? Methanol, 1976 has been a matter of grave concern more commonly known as wood alcohol, to large groups of persons. is more easily obtained, cleaner, and THOMAS H. TEAR more efficient than gasoline. In a recent I wish to share with my colleagues a test performed at the Massachusetts In letter from a representative of the Amer titute of Technology, a compact car run HON. J. KENNETH ROBINSON ican Federation of Government Em ployees which sets out in simple language ning on a fuel mixture of 30-percent OF VIRGINIA the reasons why this aspect of the Tax alcohol and 70-perce.nt gasoline got bet IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Reform Act is offensive: ter mileage than on plain gas. The cars Monday, January 31, 1977 JANUARY 11, 1976. tested at MIT used between 5 and 13 per Hon. Wn.LIAM L. CLAY, cent less fuel. Methanol can be substi Mr. ROBINSON. Mr. Speaker, I desire House of Representatives, tuted for from 15 to 30 percent of the to join the distinguished gentleman from Washington, D.C. gasoline in automobile fuel tanks with Illinois Pennsylvania ------317 1,123,308 1960, a serious effort was made to form ficials in 17 Midwestern, Middle Atlantic, Rhode Island______1 3,017 a coalition of Republican electors, who and New England States hardest hit by Vermont ------38 54,781 would be expected to cast futile votes for severe weather. The telegram and back Virginia ------70 161,300 West Virginia______142 242,268 Richard Nixon, and defecting Soutl:.ern ground information follows: Democratic electors. While the plan did VVisconsln ------78 156,832 [TELEGRAM) not succeed, it demonstrates the freedom JANUARY 28, 1977. Total ------1,640 5,267, 545 of electors. Moreover, it shows that de To: State Board of Education Cha1rman fecting and unpledged electors could hold Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massa Sources: Television Dtgest and Television the balance in the electoral college in a chusetts, Rhode Island, New York, Factbook8, figures estimated as of Sept. 1, close election. Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Virginia, West 1976. West Virginia figures from 1976 Tele A more serious problem is that the na Vivglnia, Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, illi vision Factbook, No. 45, Services Volume. nois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan, tional popular vote winner can lose the Connecticut, Maryland, Delaware. election in the electoral college. In fact, In an effort to assist in the current energy this occurred in the elections of 1824, emergency, the cable television industry is TRIBUTE TO TOM TEAR 1876, and 1888. On numerous other occa making its access channel facilities available sions, including the last Presidential to school systems in your sta.te for the pur election, a shift of a relatively small pose of continuing education in the home HON. DONALD J. MITCHELL number of votes in a few key States, while schoolS are closed. OF NEW YORK could have elected the candidate who Tho help school districts use cable tele came out second best in the popular vote. vision, we have initiated the Cable Cold Line IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (202/ 457-GOLD), and an emergency strike Monday, January 31, 1977 A related potential problem was high force. School districts which want to use lighted in 1968 when Governor Wallace cable television to reach their puplls should Mr. MITCHELL of New York. Mr. ran a strong campaign as a third party call the Cable Cold Line. Special personnel Speaker, I welcome this opportunity to candidate. Although Mr. Wallace had no will help callers work with their local cable join with my colleagues in saluting Tom chance of winning the election, he could television system ( s) to bring emergency Tear who is retiring after 30 years of have denied the popular vote leader, classroom programming to students via ·cable service with the House of Representa Richard Nixon, a majority in the elec access channels. Will you please help the tives. cable television industry and the national toral college. This would have thrown media make the information regarding the I first met Mr. Tear shortly after my the election into the House of Represent Cable Cold Line available to school districts arrival in Washington and from that day atives where each State would have had in your state. until the present I have known him to one vote. Thus, the five smallest States, ROBERT L. SCHMIDT, be a cheerful yet conscientious individual with one Representative each and a com President, National Cable Television who always takes his important work bined population of less than 2 million, Association. seriously. He has been efficient in dis- would have enjoyed the sazne voting • 3180 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1977 power as the five largest States, with a Another advantage of my amendment of sacrifices which are needed to steer total of 154 Representatives and a com is that Presidential candidates would our Nation through this severe winter. bined population of 64 million. In addi be encouraged to devote greater at I hope my fellow Members of Congress tion, the Senate would choose the Vice tention to the needs of smaller States. will join me in demanding that our util President if a majority was not present As I pointed out above, under the ity companies and natural gas suppliers in the electoral college. Consequently, it large States, and particularly to large, not profiteer while other citizens are be is not inconceivable that the House and well-organized blocks of votes in those ing asked to make sacrifices. I just do not Senate could select a split ticket-the States. Lack of attention to smaller believe our people will stand still if they President from one party and the Vice States would probably be continued with find themselves being gouged again. President from another-as a result of a direct election system, because the As an example of what I am talking different political compositions of the small States would lose the advantage of about, the Louisville Gas & Electric Co. two bodies. having at least three electoral no matter has recently requested a general rate in Among the many imperfections in the how small their populations. Presidential crease. Yet, we know that the increased present electoral vote system, none is candidates should have an incentive to residential sales of natural gas have al more dangerous and undemocratic than seek votes and to learn the problems of ready pushed up the company's profit the unit rule, sometimes described as the citizens in all States. margins. So, I have written to the presi "winner take all" formula. As a result of The plan I am proposing today is dent of L.G. & E. to urge that this request the unit rule, the popular vote totals of hardly a new one. A constitutional for a general rate increase be withdrawn. the losing candidate in each State are amendment for the proportional system On the national level, I believe that completely discounted in the final elec was first introduced in Congress in 1848. other sacrifices must be asked of the util toral result. In effect, millions of voters In 1950, it passed the Senate by a vote of ity industry. are disfranchised if they happen to vote 65 to 27, but failed to be considered in In this severe weather, when utility for the losing candidate in their State, the House. Concern over the electoral bills are beyond the means of those with because the full voting power of the college system has surfaced periodically low or fixed incomes, no company should State-that is, its electcral votes-is throughout our history, particularly fol shut off electricity or natural gas for awarded to the candidate they opposed. lowing close elections. But, this concern nonpayment of bills. A more serious consequence of the unit has been fleeting, and no remedial action Neither should natural gas suppliers rule is the distortions it produces in the has been taken. It is now time to abolish hold their product hostage until a higher value of individual popular votes. As all the anachronistic electoral college and price is paid. Such a practice is almost careful observers of Presidential elec adopt a system which recognizes the criminal. tions recognize, the unit rule tends to in realities of our modern political system In my view, gas suppliers would go far ftate the voting power of residents of while maintaining the basic principles of to restore public confidence in their in large, urbanized States. Today, it is pos federalism enunciated by the Founding dustry if they would announce a deci sible to win an electoral majority on the Fathers. sion to sell their excess intrastate sup basis of only 25 i:>ercent of the popular plies on the interstate market at the vote; or, put another way, the lllargest FPC's regulated price. States and the District of Columbia can UTILITIES MUST SACRIFICE, TOO The public interest demands sacrifice produce an electoral majority. by everyone. And, I believe that investors To overcome the glaring problems in and shareholders in these gas companies herent in the present electoral college HON .. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI should, and would, support efforts by system, I am introducing today a con OF KENTUCKY their companies to make plentiful sup stitutional amendment providing for the IN THE HOVSE OF REPRESENTATIVES plies of intrastate gas available to meet proportional system of electing Presi Tuesday, February 1, 1977 the critical supply needs of interstate dents. Under this system, every State's customers. electoral votes would be divided among Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, the peo If sales of gas to the interstate com the candidates in proportion to their ple of my district are facing inconven panies are not made voluntarily, the shares of its popular votes. Electors are iences and financial losses, because of Congress should search for a way to au eliminated, thereby solving the problem the severe weather which has depleted thorize the President to order such sales. of the "faithless" elector. Forty percent our reserves of natural gas and al terna In summary, Mr. Speaker, the people of the total number of electoral votes is tive fuels. think they are about to be "taken to the necessary for election. Requiring only 40 Not only are our thermostats at less cleaners" again. All of us in this Con percent of the electoral votes serves as a than-comfortable temperatures, but gress should be alert to see that this does deterrent to third party movements. In many business and industry operations not happen. For if it does, I am afraid the event no candidate receives 40 per are curtailed and, in some cases, com the further damage to public confidence cent, election is by the House and Senate pletely shut down. Already, this has in this body, and in our Government, will in joint assembly with each member hav meant lost revenues and lost jobs. And be irreparable. ing one vote and a majority of the votes the problem threatens to worsen as being necessary for election. This over spring approaches. comes the current inequity resulting On top of these hardships, everyone from each State having one vote regard is faced with budget-breaking utility TRIDUTE TO TOM TEAR less of population. This provision also bills. In fact, these bllls and other en combines the voting for President and ergy matters, were "the talk of the town" HON. CLARENCE E. MILLER Vice President. when I was in Louisville over the week end. OF OHIO The primary advantage of the propor IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tional system is that the wlll of the peo It is the popular belief that the energy ple is more accurately reflected while the crisis is a fake-that when prices go sky Monday, January 31, 1977 role of the States in electing our Presi high, plenty of natural gas will mate Mr. Mn.LER of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, dents is maintained. Direct election of rialize. People point to the gasoline after 30 years of service to this body, Presidents, based solely on the popular shortage of 1973 as an example. And, Tom Tear, the minority chief page, is vote, would, of course, come closest to in they remember that when they followed retiring this month. suring that the candidate receiving the the President's request and reduced use No one has been more able and dedi most votes is elected. However, in my of energy, the utilities, including Louis cated in the discharge of his duties than view, real damage to our principles of ville Gas & Electric Co., subsequently Tom Tear. His cooperation and good federalism could result if parties and raised rates, because of decreased sales. nature have meant much to me person candidates became unconcerned with Now, the people are skeptical. And, so ally, and I will miss him. State interests. I believe it is important am I. I want some concrete proof that All who have known and worked with to insure that Presidential elections have our crisis is genuine-and the best proof Tom have always appreciated his hard a sound balance of local, State, and Na I can think of is for the utility industry work and wish him all the best in his tional interests. to join the rest of us in making the kind retirement. February 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3181 INCLUDING SERVICES OF LICENSED make it impractical and prohibitively nificant help to our national energy sup PRACTICAL NURSES UNDER MEDI expensive for patients to receive routine ply if we pursue it avidly. The important CARE AND MEDICAID and continued care at hospitals. One thing is to realize that the technology solution to this growing problem has is here. The time is ripe. The dawn has been a national commitment to provide come on the solar energy age. The entre HON. CLAUDE PEPPER home health services to those who can preneurs are out there waiting with their OF FLORIDA not afford hospital care or nursing home solar equipment. We need only to start IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES care or to those who are well enough to using it--and using it wherever and Tuesday, February 1, 1977 be at home but nevertheless need skilled whenever we can. care. This new commitment to expand What better method to get the messa.ge Mr. PEPPER. Mr. Speaker, one of the home health services can only succeed if across than using solar energy ourselves most important issues facing our coun we have competent health providers such on Capitol Hill? try today is the need to provide com as licensed practical nurses to provide I know of none and hope that when petent health care services for all Amer these services at a lower cost. One way we finish this preliminary work on this icans. While the Congress and the new to insure that those who need home measure many of you will want to join administration begin to study t:he ques health services are able to receive it is to me in letting the Sun do some work for tion of national health insurance, it is have licensed practical nursing services us on Capitol Hill. imperative that any program which is included under medicare-medicaid pro finally enacted into law reflect the phil grams. osophy that quality health care should For years, licensed practical nurses be delivered at the lowest possible cost. have worked unselfishly to provide skilled PALMETTO GUN CLUBBERS SHOW One way to insure that competent care and compassion for all those who SUMMERVILLE YWCA LADIES health care can be delivered at the low have had the need for LPN services. Li HOW TO SHOOT est possible cost is to utilize those health censed practical nurses have made valu providers who are educationally pre able contributions to our health and pared to administer needed health and HON. MENDEL J. DAVIS medical care systems by virtue of their OF SOUTH CAROLINA medical services and whose fees are less skill and dedication to their profession. than other groups of providers. One What is more significant, however, is that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES group of health providers who have been often those services can be provided at a Tuesday, February 1, 1977 underutilized, though consistent in pro significantly lower cost than that of a Mr. DAVIS. Mr. Speaker and my fel viding low-cost quality and competent registered nurse or a physician. health care, is licensed practical nurses. low colleagues, I would like to call your As we move toward a national health attention to a recent article in the Amer It is for this reason that today I am insurance program and as we begin a introducing legislation which would pro ican Marksman concerning a program in comprehensive review of our medicare the First Congressional District of South vide for the inclusion of licensed prac programs, it is extremely important that Carolina. This presentation was in the tical nursing services under the medicare we expand our health and medical serv use and safety of guns and was conducted and medicaid programs. This proposal, ices. At the same time, however, we must for the women residents of Summerville, which has been introduced in the Senate keep the cost of these programs at a S.C. I think this article makes very in by Senator MATSUNAGA, would, for the minimum and still provide skilled and teresting reading and I commend it to first time, recognize on the Federal level quality care. It becomes increasingly the invaluable contributions licensed your attention: clear, Mr. Speaker, that in a multitiered, PALMETTO GUN CLUBBERS SHOW SUMMERVILLE practical nurses have made to the Na cost-controlled health care system, li YWCA LADIEs How To SHooT tion's health care delivery system. censed practical nurses will play an im When the Summerville, S.C., YWCA asked Because of the vigorous and well portant role in the delivery of basic the Charleston chapter of the National rounded educational preparation li health care. Wildlife Federation last Spring where censed practical nurses receive, there are I urge my colleagues to give this legis some young ladies of their organiza approximately 500,000 licensed practical lation careful consideration, and I hope tion could learn to shoot, they were given nurses working in various settings, such that they will join me in helping to pro the right answer. The YWCA was referred to as home health programs, nursing vide the kind of health care for all Al Cannon, a Charleston NRA member and homes, hospitals, schools, and commun rifle instructor, who took the request to the Americans that can be both comprehen Palmetto Gun Club, of which he is a mem ity health services. Also, a large part of sive and economical. ber. The club agreed to underwrite the train the educational preparation which ing program, and Cannon took charge of LPN's receive is on-the-job training. getting things underway. Therefore, after graduation, they are Cannon, who promoted the first NRA uniquely prepared to administer to SOLAR ENERGY ON CAPITOL HILL hunter safety course in South Carolina and patients directly because they have had who produced two state championship shoot the experience in dealing with a wide ing teams through the Jaycee shooting edu range of patient needs. HON. J. J. PICKLE cation program, met with the interested OF TEXAS YWCA members and outlined the following Many licensed practical nurses are instructional sequence: working in hospitals in such specialty IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1. Teach gun safety, plus the concepts of areas as intensive care units, obstetrics, Tuesday, February 1, 1977 laws, ethics and responsiblllty concerning surgical recovery rooms, emergency firearms; rooms, and coronary care units. In each Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, recently I 2. Teach more gun safety; illustrate and of these settings, the skilled licensed introduced House Resolution 81, which demonstrate types of guns, their mechanics practical nurse is providing necessary calls for the Architect of the Capitol to and ammunition; if 3. Review gun safety, then in an easy and and competent health and medical serv conduct the necessary studies to see relaxed manner (as opposed to stricter tech ices to patients. Similarly, licensed prac we can use solar energy to supply part niques of training shooters to obtain high tical nurses have been providing bedside of our energy requirements' in the office scores) teach each woman to score effectively care to millions of Americans in our Na buildings on Capitol Hill. Congressman with her own gun on a silhouette target at - tion's long term care facilities. The vari OTTINGER and Congressman RosE have room distance. ous services they provide are done with joined me in this effort. For approach and instructional content, I am working with the Architect close the Palmetto Gun Club members drew on the same high degree of skill and dedica the hunter safety course, the Boy Scouts tion which they have been taught, and ly and hope to have a more complete shooting merit badge manual, the home they can be done at a lower cost than version of the bill ready shortly. I am safety program and the Jaycee shooting edu that at which they are currently being most pleased that our Architect, Mr. cation program. Two hours of indoor in done. George White, has readily and enthusi struction and another two hours of outdoor An area in which I believe LPN's are astically agreed to work with me to see instruction on the range were planned, with supplemental outdoor instruction if the making a unique and outstanding con what can be done. women wanted it. tribution is in providing home health Solar energy is not for every time As it worked out, the indoor sessions ran services. Skyrocketing hospital costs and every lpcation. But it can be of sig- out of ' time. The first session covered the 3182 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1977 safety aspects, laws and responsibility, and Mr. Speaker, at best H.R. 2500 will ployment stability. We must stop trad the NRA film "It Could Rappen To You" permit the use of some higher-priced ing small savings for American jobs. was shown. The hunter safety program was intrastate gas to augment supplies in The year 1977 will be a key year in de described for the class by Melvin Cumbee of the South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Re hard-pressed areas like West Virginia ciding U.S. trade policy and I believe our sources Dept. The second hour outlined the over the next few months. However, this unemployment and economic stability mechanics of guns and cartridges, supple is only a short-term measure and must requires forceful action. mented by slides furnished by the West Vir be augmented by a long-term solution ginia Paper & Pull> Co. The guns included aJl energy which will provide alternatives popular actions and types and were repre to heat homes, small businesses, and sentative of those owned by the women factories. A GOLDEN JUBn.EE themselves. The country has now had two massive Staffing the program were Palmetto Gun in Club members Cannon, his son Steve, AI fuel shortages 3 years. The pattern is HON. MARTY RUSSO obvious. If we insist on unlimited fuel Clark (a Summervllle gunsmith), Bllly Tid OF ILLINOIS more of the Jaycee shooting education pro consumption, we expect a steady seces gram and his son Dean of the Jaycee shoot sion of similar calamities. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing team. I urge the Congress to develop a Tuesday, February 1, 1977 Enthusiasm for the outdoor sessions on the sound long-term energy policy so that range grew following the indoor classes, and the people of West Virginia and the Na Mr. RUSSO. Mr. Speaker, during that the entire YWCA group showed up at the tion will not suffer any undue fuel short confusing and amusing time innocently club range, despite a rainy morning and a ages next winter. known as the teen years, I suffered nearly impassable road under repair. In the as most of us do when we were trying to face of these difficulties, the first day's shoot determine the difference between child ing went off well, with the assistance of other and adult and then how to act accord club shooters who were on hand for a State Pollee match scheduled later in the day. IMPORTS ingly. The second outdoor session went much I can only be grateful that during this more smoothly, and the wop1en were soon crucial time when the direction of my getting 90% of their shots into the targets. HON. JOHN P. MURTHA own life was being determined, I not only One petite blonde, whose husband's attempts OF PENNSYLVANIA had wonderful parents but also a teach to teach her to shoot ended with her flatly IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES er, confidant, and counselor who was to refusing to continue after the first shot, Tuesday, February 1, 1977 leave impressions on my mind and heart came to the opening class and just watched. to last a lifetime. He never pushed, but By the end of the second session she had Mr. MURTHA. Mr. Speaker, it is time blazed her way through a box of full loads gently guided and assisted those who and was happily banging away with the for the United States to adopt an import need it in their journey to understand club's wadcutters. policy that protects the American worker ing. Probably the best reason for the enthusi and consumer. Now, Rev. George A. Wallenhorst, S.J., astic success was the high level of motivation In many industries the United States is celebrating his golden jubilee as a among the women. One's mother had found has become a dumping ground for cheap Jesuit, 50 years in the service of the it necessary to shoot a burglar after he forced products from foreign nations. In the Lord. The Jesuits of St. Ignatius Col his way into her home. Another had retreated short run this has meant some cheaper with her children to a locked bedroom when lege Prep in Chicago are sponsoring the she heard the outside door being jimmied; prices, but in the long run it means a celebration. At a mass of thanksgiving help arrived as the intruder was working on loss of jobs, a decline in American in on Sunday, February 6, in Holy Family the bedroom door lock. The neighbor of one dustry, and dependence by the consumer Church, friends will gather to share the of the women had been stopped at a roadside on foreign nations. joy of this occasion, and a reception will park with her husband when four men at In the 12th Congressional District follow. tacked them and knocked him out; they alone, we have felt the impact of im The room will be crowded, for Father were stripping the wife when two truck ports on the production of steel, gloves, drivers came to the rescue. Such experiences Wallenhorst has traveled countless miles indicated to the women in the class that they combs, women's apparel, shoes, and TV in his work and touched the lives of many needed to be better prepared to protect sets. people. themselves. And in helping them achieve Through subsidies by foreign govern Father Wallenhorst was born in Buf this goal, the Palmetto Gun Club members ments to their industries, low ages, and falo, N.Y., and attended school in Spring found the training experience a highly re incomplete international agreements, the field, Ohio, before joining the Jesuits at warding one. United States has become a major inter Milford, Ohio. He taught at old St. John's national selling market. in Toledo from 1933 to 1935 and was or Japanese imports account for 75 per dained in 1939 at St. Mary's, Kansas. cent of the U.S. black-and-white TV After his ordination, he came to St. Ig THE NEED FOR A LONG sales and 3.0 percent of color sales. natius where he taught theology, latin, TERM ENERGY POLICY Clothes are assembled in the United and English. During World War II he States after being produced abroad was the chaplain in the 15th Air Force HON. NICK JOE RAHALL II where a textile worker earns 75 cents an Command in Italy, serving in the final OF WEST VIRGINIA hour in Hong Kong or 42 cents an hour days of the war in the China-Burma IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in Taiwan. Specialty steel imports total India theater. 48 percent of the U.S. wire rod market. Following the war, Father taught Eng Tuesday, February 1, 1977 Already this has had a significant em lish and served as a guidance director at Mr. RAHALL. Mr. Speaker a danger ployment impact. The textile industry the University of Detroit High School ous and disruptive fuel shortage now has lost 271,000 jobs nationally in the and in 1959 he returned to St. Ignatius afflicts West Virginia and the country. last 6 years; the electronics industry has and combined his work as teacher and In the past the Nation responded only lost 100,000 since 1971; in Pennsylvania counselor. Several years ago he became briefly and feebly to the challenge. H.R. 8,600 jobs Have been lost in shoe pro a chaplain at Cook County Hospital 2500 in contrast is striking precisely the duction; and the specialty steel industry where he continues his ministry. right ton~a bit grim in this bleak sea is threatened by the potential loss of 65, What a privilege it is for those of us son, but realistic and candid. ooo jobs. Workers in the 12th Congress who love him to see this humble, just, The underlying shortage is permanent ional District producing combs and and devout man celebrate one of the and it will get worse. However, with new gloves have also been seriously undercut church's most extraordinary observ technology and an end to interstate by foreign products. ances. One-half of a century of service price controls temporarily, might pro Obviously, the United States must is quite a milestone to celebrate. During vide more natural gas, and the Nation trade with foreign countries for prod those years, Father has served with all also can anticipate substantial quanti ucts and materials we do not produce his heart, mind, soul, and strength; his ties of synthetic gas in future years ourselves. The time has come, however, friendship and understanding have been particularly through conversion of coal for a series of multinational agreements a gift offered selflessly to others. He is to gas. • to provide orderly marketing and em- truly an instrument of God. February 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3183 I know my colleagues join with me in Department to investigate and prosecute of coordination in handling a racket congratulating Father Wallenhorst on those involved in the trafficking in stolen which, by its very nature, ranges not only the occasion of his golden jubilee. and counterfeit tickets. Under the nationwide, but worldwide. Penalty provisions of the title---section The legislation I propose today will 2315, title 18, United States Code-viola place such tickets in the realm of Federal tors will be subject to a $10,000 fine and/ law, and thus add some teeth to the pros STATEMENT OF THE HONORABLE or 10 years in jail for the theft, sale, or ecution of criminals who are heaping JOHN M. MURPHY ON THE INTRO receipt of stolen tickets. Because this massive economic losses on the transpor DUCTION OF A BILL TO PROHIBIT activity many times involves the cross tation industry and the American public. THE LNTERSTATE TRANSPORTA ing of State lines, however, a separate TION AND USE OF STOLEN AIR $10,000 fine and/or 10 years is added for LINE TICKETS interstate trafficking-section 2314, title 18, United States Code. BILINGUAL BALLOTS COST $88 EACH HON. JOHN M. MURPHY There is presently no legal control over OJ' NEW YORK the printing, issuance, or distribution of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES airline tickets. The Air Transport Asso HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO ciation's efforts to institute controls have OF CALIFORNIA Tuesday, February 1, 1977 been less than effective. Traffic in stolen IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr. or counterfeit tickets has become com Speaker, one of the most urgent criminal monplace among people of all walks of Tuesday, February 1, 1977 problems faced by the American trans life, but the bulk of the problem can be Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, on portation industry is the use of counter attributed to organized crime. The pro June 4, 1975, this body considered and feit, altered, fraudulent, lost, or stolen fessional criminal has spotted a lucrative approved legislation to amend and ex airline tickets, particularly those which business with a low profile and low tend the Voting Rights Act of 1965. have been channeled through a travel chance of getting caught, and has moved While I was in agreement with some of agency. The cost to the airlines, and into the field with a vengeance. the provisions of this measure, I strongly eventually to the American traveler, While outright counterfeits are a defi opposed those sections which mandated runs into many millions per month. The nite problem, the two main sources of il the printing of bilingual ballots by coun legislation I introduce today will address legal supply are the theft of airline and ties in which 5 percent, or more, of the that problem directly by amending the Air Transport Association ticket stock. population are non-English speaking. I United States Code to specifically include Rand McNally prints all ATA tickets: voted against this legislation because in such tickets in title 18's prohibition of which are then distributed in bulk di my opinion, bilingual ballots would place the transportation or use of such nego rectly to travel agencies which handle an excessive and unnecessary hardship tiable instruments. airline business. That distribution proc on those counties which must bear the While one would presume such tickets, ess spawns the greatest percentage of cost of printing two, or possibly more, if stolen, would fall under the ordinary losses, with tickets disappearin~ between separate ballots. criminal codes, the law does not oper the printers and the agencies. Transport At the time we considered this mea ate on presumptions. There is a some ers such as UPS and Wings and Wheels sure, the proponents argued that there what gray area in the theft of a blank have atrocious records of tickets stolen in was sufficient numbers of eligible voters ticket which has no specific value at transit, whether from theft by conspiracy who were denied their right to vote to tached to it until it is filled in with a or by simple mishandling. The subse justify the added expense of printing bi travel itinerary and used in interstate quent illegal sale and; or illegal use of lingual ballots. commerce. Bear in mind that it could be these stolen tickets costs the airlines mil It now appears that my opposition was as little as a few dollars for excess bag lions of dollars, which, in the long run, entirely justified. I have just received a gage charges, or a few thousand dollars is subsidized by you, the paying pas breakdown of costs incurred by the for a round-the-world trip. senger. county of Santa Barbara due to the bi My legislation would expand the de Although ATA limits the number of lingual ballot provision of the Voting finition of the term ''security" in title 18 tickets on hand in an agency, a popular Rights Extension Act of 1975. Mr. to include airline tickets and blank criminal gambit has been to simply pur Speaker, each bilingual ballot cast dur ticket forms. Since airline tickets are as chase a small agency, sell ·all the a vail ing the November general election cost good as cash, or stolen securities, they able tickets in a short period of time, the taxpayers of Santa Barbara County should be treated as a negotiable instru make no payments to the airlines, and $88.12 as compared to 33 cents for all ment under Federal law. It is urgent close up the agency. The airlines must other ballots. In addition, of the 149,495 that these items be included under the honor the tickets without compensation, ballots cast only 71 were the Spanish bi Criminal Code so that travel agencies, as they are legitimate, and the agent lingual ballots mandated by the Voting the commercial air travel industry, and gets away with it claiming financial diffi Rights Act, or 58 thousandths of 1 per the traveling public can be protected in culties. This operation is so familiar to cent of the votes cast. police, they have given it a special name: the effort to halt this immense diversion At this point I would like to insert in of tickets for criminal use. Until it be A "bustout operation." the RECORD the table of costs incurred comes a Federal criminal offense, the Recent cases in my own city of New by Santa Barbara County for the No FBI is effectively blocked from enter York illustrate the scope of the problem: vember general election because of the ing the investigation of what is generally 7,000 stolen tickets and 175 persons in bilingual ballot: a local crime. one case; 900 tickets missing from one Until now, ticket thieves have been agency, 250 tickets from another, 1,500 RECAPITULATION OF SANTA BARBARA COUNTY COSTS OF handled as simply petty offenders. A very from yet another, and 1,825 tickets from NOV. 2, 1976 GENERAL ELECTION ATIRIBUTABLE TO basic problem is that there has been no another. THE FEDERAL VOTING RIGHTS EXTENSION ACT, 1975 central control of airline tickets; each other cities have been hit just as hard. AMENDMENT carrier operates its own accounting sys Los Angeles Airport had $3 million in tem independently, and accepts the good stolen tickets go through just that one English Spanish ballot ballot faith of every other carrier's tickets location recently; police indicate it is not Item of cost comparison allocation allocation without so much as a passing inquiry at all unusual to turn up theft rings with as to the legitimacy of each ticket. And over $1 million in blank tickets. Official ballot printing ______$21,636.59 $1,602.72 even more critical is the fact that each The problem is clear, and I believe the Sample ballot printing______9, 781.38 231.55 Ballot format printing variations____ 2, 080.00 2, 080.00 theft is handled locally, by a police de solution is equally easy to see. Tickets Voter pamphlet printing: partment with no cooperative method have been poorly handled and accounted Local measure A______4, 148.00 513.80 Local measure B______355.75 133.45 of crosschecking such tickets. Each for in transport, armed robberies have Spanish translation______483.00 police investigation acts and reacts in plagued travel agencies, and Federal, B1Jinfual elections day office help------87. oo State, and local law enforcement agen Lega publications, voter information_ 2, 093. 62 1, 124. 79 dependently. ------My bill would allow the Federal Bu cies have been hampered by an indefinite TotaL______40,095.34 6, 256.31 reau of Investigation and the Justice status of stolen tickets, as well as a lack cx:xm--201-Part s 3184 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1977 NOTES merce, and as an individual with a ordination of parenthood duties with other career duties. 122,743 ~nglish ballots cast: Cost per English ballot cast long-standing interest in this area I will (401.095.34 ..,.. 122,743)- $0.33. welcome members of the task force and Provide education for stable marriage and 71 :spanish ballots cast: Cost per Spanish ballot cast (6,256.31 + responsible parenthood and encourage public 71)-$88.12. more than 250 participants at a sym lotal number of registered voters was 149,495. Ballots were posium to be held Wednesday in the education in the basics of demography. printed separately in Spanish and English. A supply of 20 Introduction Spanish ballots was provided to each precincl The "cubic" Caucus Room of the Cannon House Of paper ballot vote counting system was employed. 71 Spanish flee Building on the issues raised in Gradually reduce and stab1llze quotas for voters represents 0.05781 percent or 58 thousandths of 1 percent legal immigration and take steps to encour of those who voted (71 + 122,814). "The Unfinished Agenda." Remarks by age economic development in countries Laurance S. Rockefeller, president of the which are significant sources of illegal aliens, Rockefeller Brothers Fund, will open a to remove the root ca. uses of 1mm1gration. THE UNFINISHED AGENDA discussion on those issues by members Congress should adopt a policy statement of the task force and other authorities. on immigration which relates immigration Mr. Stuart Eizenstat, assistant to to national population, resources, employ HON. JOHN D. DINGELL President Carter for domestic affairs and ment, and education policies. OF MICHIGAN policy will speak at noon. The issues FOOD AND AGRICULTURE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES discussed by the book are forcefully and During the 1950s and 60s, the world agri Tuesday, February 1, 1977 succintly summarized in its introductory culture system produced more food than chapter. I insert the said chapter at could be sold; during the early 70s the situ Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, the wave this point in the RECORD: ation changed markedly. World demand for of concern about the status of our en INTRODUCTION: THE CALL TO ACTION food outstripped the capacity of farmers and fishermen to produce. At its lowest point, vironment has been growing for decades, The environment is a complex mixture of to the point where environmental aware the world carry-over stores of grain were factors which interact constantly with each capable of meeting less than one month's other: People need food; raising food re ness is now part of the conscious social demand. concerns of virtually everyone. quires energy; energy production utilizes In some parts of the world, such as Banf! But repeatedly the question is asked: materials from the earth's crust; the extrac ladesh, food shortages are severe enough "What do the environmentalists really tion of these materials demands energy; and to interfere with population growth by rais '8.11 of these activities depend upon the ing death rates, at least in years of bad want?" labor and ingenuity of people, who need Now a group of thoughtful environ weather. In the Sahel, Ethiopia, Nepal, and food. Thus when any single factor in the the Andean area of South America, explosive mental leaders has come forth with an environment is altered, either intentionally population rates could actually undermine answer. It is contained in the report of or accidentally,. the repercussions are felt and destroy major food-producing systems, the Environmental Agenda Task Force, 'throughout the entire system. The human doing enormous environmental damage in population, an integral component of the a consensus document drafted and en the process. ecosystem, influences and ultimately is af Three approaches are possible for the world dorsed by leaders of the Nation's 12 larg fected by these alterations; the environ est direct-membership environmental mental actions that this country decides to food problem: increase food production, re organizations. Assembled by the Rocke take wlll affect everyone. Because til-consid distribute more effectively the food that is feller Brothers Fund of New York City, ered changes that may have irreversible already grown, or stabilize world population the task force evaluated more than 100 consequences threaten our welfare, immedi growth. U.S. policy currently emphasizes the ate action on some issues is critical. first of these, through agricultural research, of what the Nation's most knowledge economic aid and agricultural assistance, and able and professional environmental POPULATION export of surplus agricultural production. leaders regarded as the key problems to If the current annual population growth But the urgency of the world food situation be faced. They concentrated attention on continues, the world population, which 1s requires that, with the priorities in reverse the ones they identified as "most im now about 4 blllion, will reach 8 bUlion soon order, all three be vigoronsly pursued. portant" and recorded the essence of after the year 2000. Most of the number Major recommendations are that: their deliberations in a book that will be added will be poor families in poor nations All forms of assistance be linked to bring 0. with insutlicient food supplies. On a global ing birth rates into line with death rates. published next month. Gerald Barney, scale therefore it is recommended that: A U.S.-Canada Commission on Food Policy an omcer of the fund, chaired the task Continuation and increased funding of be formed to guide the use of North Ameri force and edited the book, which is titled family planning programs, research into fer can food in solving the world food shortage. "The Unfinished Agenda: The Citizen's t111ty control methods, and training of para The United Sta.tes, already a leading pro Guide to Environmental Issues." medical personnel in recipient nations be ducer of almost every agricultural com Members of the task force spoke their provided to administer and follow up on sim modity, will be taking steps to increase its own convictions, not necessarily those of ple techniques of contraception, abortion, output further. To increase total food pro and ster111zation. duction whlle decreasing adverse environ 4.3 million members of their respective Special emphasis be given to foreign-aid mental impact and the drain on resources organizations. The members are: measures that have an indirect negative ef that are needed for other purposes, America John H. Adams, executive director, fect on fertility, such as female education, must: Natural Resources Defense Council; Da female employment, or social security pro Restore and increase son-conservation vid R. Brower, president, Friends of the grams. programs at the federal, state, and local Earth; George D. Davis, executive direc A population policy for the U.S. should aim levels. tor, The Wilderness Society; Robert T. for two interrelated goals: to increase the Stop the conversion of prime agricultural Dennis, former executive director, Zero quality of life experienced by the population lands to other uses. and to stab111ze the population size. To this. Promote research and development of in Population Growth; Thomas L. Kim end, several basic goals are recommended: termediate agricultural technologies, both ball, executive vice president, National Establish a national goal of population for use at home and to aid agricultural de Wildlife Federation. stab111zation or gradual population decrease, velopment abroad. Also, Ian C. T. Nisbet, director of sci with the small family as a desirable and Recycle organic nutrients as a supplement entific staff, Massachusetts Audubon So socially responsible ideal. to -and partial substitute for chemical ferti ciety; G. Jon Roush, former executive Increase support for establlshed family lizers, thus partially reducing the energy vice president, The Nature Conservancy; planning organizations and provide aid for intensiveness of American agriculture. clinics that offer contraceptives, pregnancy Promote the use of biological methods of Arlie Schardt, executive director, En testing, abortion, and ster111zation. pest control. vironmental Defense Fund; Maitland S. Establish sex and famtly education pro ENERGY Sharpe, environmental affairs director, grams, especially for pre-teens and teenagers. Like population and food, energy problems Izaak Walton League of America; An Give positive publicity to women in posi are global in scope. The number of nations thony Wayne Smith, president and gen tions of responstb111ty and authority and to now able to export energy has declined to eral counsel, National Parks and Con the creative possibilities open to those with only a few; for many, energy supplies are servation Association; Elvis J. Stahr, small fam1lles. llmlted primarily to firewood and animal president, National Audubon Society; Remove taxation discrlmlnatlons against dung. The United States, once an exporter and Paul Swatek, associate conservation single people and childless couples and elim and now increasingly dependent on foreign inate additional tax benefits for those with suppliers, has a major role to play in the director, Sierra Club. three or more children. resolution of global energy problems. It is As chairman of the Subcommittee on Make day-care facUlties, paternity and ma essential to devise and build a new type Energy and Power of the House Com ternity leaves, flexible work schedules and of energy economy far less dependent on mittee on Interstate and Foreign Com- other such measures available to permit co- dwindling supplies of ga.:s and on. February 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3185 A vl&ble energy policy requires much elab promoting recycling of beverage containers Increased funding be committed to allow oration, but the basic recommendations are: by requiring returnable deposits. proper management of public lands. especial To recognize that nuclear fission is rapidly Recycling of automobiles be promoted. ly National Pa..rks. dylng as an energy option because of its high Mandatory minimum standards be set for Congress act in 1977 to protect Alaskan capital, environmental, social, and energy automobile durability. wildlands. costs. Special conservation and recycling meas The 1872 Mining Law be drastically re To avoid the formidable economic and ures be taken for scarce and critical elements formed or replaced with enlightened legis political costs of further electrification, make whose future stocks are in question. lation. every effort to supply energy only in the WATER AND AIR The urgently threatened ecosystems of quality needed for the task in hand. U.S. lands be preserved and restored. To inventory energy end-uses by quality There is no question that air and water Federal support be provided to State pro needs, geographical clustering, and unit pollution continue to pose serious problems grams for regulation of areas of critical con scale. for the nation, and although some progress cern. To develop appropriately smaller-scale has been made, available data are insuftlcient In addition: energy generation systems. to assess fully the extent of progress or the The United Bta.tes must develop a. worthy To move rapidly from dependence on de effectiveness of present regulatory ap land ethic. proaches. pletable energy capital to renewable energy NEW BIOLOGICAL THREAT income. Better monitoring systems are needed as a. High priority should be given to: management tool for the nation's very sig The possiblUty of creating new forms of Intelligent coal technologies, both for di nificant investments in air and water pollu life in the laboratory presents a. monstrous rect combustion and for the local extraction tion control. threat to every species on earth. Using the of premium fluid fuels from coal. During 1977 Congress will be reviewing the recombinant DNA techniques, scientists can Solar space-conditioning. Federal Water Pollution Control Act and the create new forms of life by cutting and splic A dispersed fuel-alcohol industry. Clean Air Act Amendments. Ill omens for this ing genes to transfer genetic material from Integration of solid-waste management process are already appearing. one organism to another. Once successfully with energy and materials-recycling systems. The integrity and goals of both of these established, new forms of llfe are irreversible. Rejuvenation of urban mass transit and Acts should be reaftlrmed and defended The benefits to science are matched by un intercity railways. against debilitating changes. precedented and unknown risks. An overhaul of energy-intensive agricul EPA's air pollution research budget should A human epidemic would be the worst pos ture practices. Since none of these measures be increased drastically for a. comprehensive sible consequence, but massive outbreaks of will succeed if conceived as purely technical, research program on the health effects of air crop disease or a. major disturbance of the institutional barriers such as antique utility pollution, especially toxic pollutants. regional ecology could amount to nearly the practices, mortgage regulations, and build TOXIC SUBSTANCES same thing. For these compelling reasons, it ing codes, must be overcome. These reforms is recommended that: An intractable problem of modern indus All laboratory efforts involving genetic in turn rest on public understanding of their trial society is that of the pervasive pres importance, enhanced by a more wide-rang ence of toxic chemicals. It is estimated that engineering techniques be covered by the ing discussion of energy options and goals. as much as 90 percent of human cancers most comprehenivse guidelines. Therefore: are caused by environmental factors, includ E. coli be prohibited as host for recombi Public participation, so far mainly formal, ing carcinogenic chemicals. Cancer is now nant DNA JllOlecules. must become substantive. the number-two l!iller of Americans, and is Appropriate health surveillance be made There must be a progreSSively increasing expected to develop in 25 percent of the of laboratories. gasoline tax, the proceeds of which should U.S. population. Recombinant DNA research be restricted be used to begin reducing the 111 effects of Cancer is not the only delayed health ef to specific laboratories of the highest reputa automobiles. fect of concern to environmentalists. Many tion, and training courses provided for all Mandatory fuel-economy standards must toxic substances are known to cause birth personnel. be maintained for automobiles and extended or genetic defects, learning disa.b111ties, and Certain experimental research be banned to other vehicles, including aircraft. behavioral disorders, while concentrations entirely. Expansion of the interstate highway sys of toxic chemicals such as PCBs cause ex SOCIETY AND DECISIONMAKING tem must be discontinued and the funds and tensive contamination of natural ecosys attention diverted to the nation's ra.ilroa.ds. High inflation, unemployment, and grow tems. Accordingly, we recommend that: ing dependence on foreign-on imports have The 55 mph speed limit must be enforced The Toxic Substances Control Act be im through federal sanctions against states that made it increasingly clear that all parts of plemented as fully as possible both for new the national socio-economic system a.re not do not comply. chemicals and for those already in the en Subsidies to nuclear energy industries must working harmoniously toward any well-un vironment. derstood goal. Environmentalists believe that be withdrawn and existing fac111ties phased Special priority in research be given to out in orderly fashion. these problems could be lessened by improved fllllng gaps in scientific knowledge neces planning techniques, the management of Utility price structures must be overhauled sary for evaluating chemicals. to reflect both pollcy priorities and sound technologies, and an economic and social economic principles. Priorities in the National Cancer Plan be transition to the intelligent use of resources. It will also be necessary to enforce anti shifted to cancer prevention and away from First, since so many of the nation's prob trust and securities laws, so that alternative the search for a. cure for cancer. lems require long-term solutions, we recom energy sources are not deprived of the bene An all-out effort should be initiated to mend that: fits of competition and entrepreneurial vigor. eliminate the single most significant cause of A full and active national discussion be human cancer-tobacco smoke. NATURAL RESOURCES launched immediately on how the nation THE LIFE-SUPPORT SYSTEM The broad problem of energy supply im can best develop a long-range planning plies a correspondingly broad problem of the The passengers together on the little capability. availablUty of natural resources. The pros spaceship Earth are not only beginning to Second, since technologies have been de perity of the industrialized world, which has harm the economic system; they are begin veloped (nuclear explosives, for example) been built on abundant supplies of easily ning to strain the entire life-su:pport system with which single individuals could imperil accessible energy and minerals, is now ap of the spaceship, and to impinge on the large portions of our civllizations, it is proaching a period of general scarcity. There health and welfare of other species, on whom necessary: fore, it is recommended that: it depends in ways more fundamental than In the decade ahead not only to develop The United States adopt as a long-range is known. new controls over the application of existing goal the achievement of a "Conserver So Some of the man's activities a..re now on technologies, but also to consider the full ciety,'' in which materials are used to max such a. large scale that they are beginning to sociological implications of nascent tech imum advantage with mlnimum resource modify biogeochemical cycles and to change nologies. depletion. the physical or chemical bases of the global And third: Such a program would involve resource life-support system, producing regional or The environment must be recognized as a conservation, recycling, re-use, increased global effects. Of specl&l concern are the top national priority on a level with defense, product durability, and long-term economic effects of various pollutants on the ozone employment, health, education, and com and social changes tq minimize demand for layer of the stmtosphere. It is recommended that: merce. materials in particularly short supply. We To this end, there must be major changes further recommend that: Special efforts be taken to preserve en dangered species on islands, especially Hawaii. in the U.S. economy, which would induce The U.S. require that all goods sold in environmentally beneficial behavior and interstate commerce be labeled with disposal U.S. efforts be continued to protect marine curb economically: destructive practices while instructions. mammals. The principle be established that the sale Congress act favorably on pending wilder still preserving the meritorious aspects of price of manufactured products include dis ness legislation. free enterprise. Specific recommendations are posal costs. The provisions of the Endangered Species that: The government adopt uniform legislation Act be better enforced. Antitrust laws be vigorously enforced. 3186 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1977 A program of legislation and economic CONSTITUENTS HARD HIT BY of natural gas. What good is having the gas sanction be initiated promptly against man RISING GAS PRICES if the consumer cannot pay for it. We feel ufacturers who produce throw-away or un the producers are using this natural resource repaira.ble products, and who refuse to stock which is a. necessity to drive up the prices spare parts. way beyond the already high levels to rip off A Presidential commission be establlshed HON. JOHN B. ANDERSON the consumer and make even more grossly immediately to develop and recommend a OF ILLINOIS outrageous prices. more adequate set of national economic in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES President Carter has asked the American dicators. people to sa.criflce their extra warmth and Research funds at the National Science Tuesday, February 1, 1977 comfort by turning down the thermostats to Foundation and the Commerce Department Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois. Mr. Speak 65 degrees to try to conserve our natural gas be set aside and specifically earmarked for a er, on the day when the Natural Gas resources. The American people are willing to study of a. steady state economy to define conserve, but we would like to know what the concept further and examine how best Emergency Act is being debated on the types of sacrifices the producers are making. to manage it. floor, I think it is appropriate for me to We feel that any type of price increase is too The tendency of modern education to mold call to the attention of my colleagues much to bear during inclement weather. minds into narrow disciplinary specialties the hard work and sacrifice which two of We have been asked to make sacrifices but may be a root cause of modern environmen my constituents have invested in this does this mean that we-the consumer tal problems. Therefore it is recommended issue. must lose our homes because we cannot pay that: Maryann Aiello and Peggy Clark, both our gas bills? And should our elderly be Much further attention be given to edu of my district in northern illinois, have forced into leaving their homes after many cation for environmental literacy, emphasiz many years of being hard working, produc ing causal relationships and feedback phe been hard hit by the soaring gas bills of tive, taxpaying citizens, simply because they nomena. this winter. In our area the cold winter cannot pay the increases. Environmental literacy will also require and a 20 percent increase in delivered If money means more than the health and attention to the content of the principal gas have coupled together to double and welfare of our people, then God help us. medium of continuing education-television. in some cases triple the monthly bills By the time the average youth graduates to consumers. They have been particu from high school, he will have spent 18,000 larly hard hit and they have found many hours watching television-more time than like them who are deeply worried about BUILDING THE SKILLS OF AMERICA it takes to earn a B.A. Television controls and sends out a message with unmistakable what will happen to them and their environmental consequences: Buy more homes if prices continue to go up. HON. WILLIAM H. NATCHER products for self improvement. They have collected more than 10,000 Recognizing the influence of merchandis signatures on petitions requesting that OF KENTUCKY ing interests through the television medium, the Federal Power Commission investi IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES environmentalists recommend that: gate the rate increases granted Northern Tuesday, February 1, 1977 The Council on Environmental Quality, Illinois Gas Co. recently and I think that With support from the Nationa:l Science Mr. NATCHER. Mr. Speaker, the Foundation, undertake to monitor and anal such a review is appropriate. I have sent the FPC a letter to that effect. Future Homemakers of America will be yze the explicit and implicit environmental celebrating their national week Febru Ms. Aiello and Ms. Clark were invited message contained in both the programming ary 6 February 12 and it is once again to testify before the Energy and Power to and commercials on U.S. television. The a pleasure for me to call attention to the analysis should document clearly what is Subcommittee of the Interstate and For being ·said about environmental issues, re eign Commerce Committee last week. many achievements of these fine young source consumption, pollution and lifestyles, Their message was simple and compelling men and women. and the implications for society if the view and I think that it is important for all Some years ago I had the privilege of ing audience follows the example set by the becoming an honorary member of FHA role models on television. Members to hear how my people have been affected. I am including their re and, therefore, it is with special pride marks in the RECORD at this point: that I speak to you today of this unique organization. STATEMENT ON NATURAL GAS BY: MARY ANN AIELLO Future Homemakers of America was TRIBUTE TO TOM TEAR My name is Mary Ann Aiello. I'm here from founded in 1945 and is open to any stu Rockford, Illinois With my friend Peggy dent who is taking or has taken a course Clark. We have come to Washington with over in home economics or a related area. HON. DAVE STOCKMAN 10,000 signatures to testify before your Com FHA stretches beyond the classroom and OF MICHIGAN mittee on the problems that we are facing in has demonstrated its app~al by attract Rockford. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing one-half million members. The 12,- We are facing a serious problem with the 000 chapters of FHA are located in all Tuesday, February 1, 1977 increased gas prices recently cha.rged to Northern Illinois gas customers. of the 50 States, the District of Colum Mr. STOCKMAN. Mr. Speaker, Tom Since November 1, 1974, the price of natural bia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Tear came to Congress over 30 years ago gas has risen 66% in our area. As of Decem American Schools overseas. as a page for Congressman Leo Allen ber 1, 1976, we have had a rate increase of There are two types of chapters: FHA from Illinois, and gained knowledge and 20% . Coupled With the extreme weather con chapters focus their attention on con expertise which has become invaluable ditions our bills have doubled and even sumer education, homemaking, and fam to Republican Members. He has always tripled. While petitioning for these signatures ily life education combined with job and we spoke to many ha.rdship cases. shown a willingness to assist Members I received a. letter from an elderly woman career exploration. HERO-Home Eco and their staffs in any way, whether who has received a gas bill for a two-month nomics Related Occupations--chapters through attaining information on a bill period of $282.33. Her total monthly income place major emphasis on preparation for or acquiring extra tickets for special from social security is only $212.00 per jobs and careers with the recognition sessions of Congress. month. that workers also fill multiple roles as Tom's management of the minority Another case was a woman who had her homemakers and community leaders. pages has been exemplary, especially home insulated through Northern Illinois The young people in FHA have ex under great stress when the House has Gas. Her average b111 last winter was $43.00. pressed a deep sense of commitment to been in full swing. His wit and good This year, even with the added insulation, her bill was $148.00 for two months. We have their communities and to their future humor in these past years have helped spoken to hundreds of similar cases such as through the many and varied activities to keep us all on an even keel. these. We feel these increases are too extreme. in which they participate. Through Pro- Much of Tom's vacation time has been Yesterday we spoke to Mr. Lisle Reed, the gram Action Impact, developed by FHA, spent in campaigning for our party, and Director of Oll and Gas at the Federal Energy members design and carry through in know we will hear from him as he con Administration. He commented that 1f we depth projects based on their concerns tinues to work for the party in Virginia want the natural gas we need we must pay and interests. where he resides. the price. And, 1! we cannot pay the added increase, then we must cha.nge our life styles The Barren County High School Chap Mr. Speaker, there will be void left by either selling our homes or by seeking tax ter of Kentucky has chosen to work with where Tom used to stand, and may he subsidies for those unable to pay for this three different nursing homes as their know that his friends here in the House increase. Impact project. Every month a group of of Representatives will always remember Our wages cannot compete with these FHA members go to each nursing home and appreciate what he has done for us. excessive price increases from the producers to visit with individual residents and February 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3187 provide group entertainment. Strong Robert G. Kaiser in his recent book gclduating from UCLA with a bachelors friendships have developed as a result "Russia: The People and the Power,'' has degree in sociology, he joined the Tor of these regular visits and there is a written: rance Area Family YMCA in October of great deal of affection and personal con Resurgent nationalism in the non-Russian 1969. On November 4, 1974, he was tact between the older people and FHA Soviet republics probably worries the au promoted to the executive director's members. thorities in Moscow more than a.ny other position. form of dissidence, because it 1s not re The Torrance Area Family YMCA Often the residents save their treats stricted to a. narrow intellectual elite. Ukrain of candy and gum for the young people ians of a.ll kinds, from the humblest peasant serves the communities of carson, Har and FHA'ers perform such services for to the most educated professor, share a. sense bor City, Lomita, Torrance, and Wil their adopted grandparents as writing of Ukrainian nationality which, if aggravated, mington-most of the Los Angeles Har letters and shopping for personal items. ca.n manifest itself in dissident behavior. bor area. In addition, much of the South Other activities in which FHA'ers par The Ukraine's history and struggle of Bay area is expected to come under the ticipate range from working with chil its people deserve the attention of the supervision of the Torrance Area YMCA dren and participating in school and American Congress. in the near future. community projects such as health care While no early change in the Urka.ine's With such a large area to cover, Steve and environmental quality to consumer status can be anticipated, the course of Burns dedicated himself to providing all education and career choices. history suggests that there will be of these communities with the best serv Through their involvement in these changes in the long run. The Ukrainian ice possible. One of his projects is a pro and many other activities the young men people in Russia and abroad are preserv posal for a YMCA-run senior citizen and women in FHA develop leadershiP ing their language, religion, culture, and project, which will include feeding, coun skills and the ability to work well with quest for self-determination. As long as seling, and recreation. Already approved others which, I believe, will stand them they do so, and as long as there are peo by the city of Carson, the proposal is in good stead as they face future respon ple to listen, a brighter future is not fore now pending before the city of Torrance. sibilities in our ever-changing world. closed. Besides his busy schedule as executive The Future Homemakers of America director, Steve has also been active in is a unique youth organization as it em the community, serving as an officer in phasizes personal growth and the individ the Torrance Rotary Club. In addition, ual's desire to work toward change rather TRIDUTE TO STEPHEN R. BURNS he is a family man with his lovely wife, than recognition. The enthusiasm and Virginia, and their young son, Michael. community spirit generated by FHA/ HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON When he moves to the Metropolitan HERO chapters is certainly an inspira YMCA in March, Steve will be in charge tion to us all and carries promise for an OF CALIFORNIA of financial support in the greater Los even brighter future. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Angeles area. He is well qualified for the Tuesday, February 1, 1977 job: In one 4-week period he directed a This year's theme for the National support drive that raised approximately FHA Week, "Building the Skills of Amer Mr. ANDERSON of california. Mr. $147,000 for the Torrance Area YMCA, ica," clearly expresses a sense of com Speaker, the Young Men's Christian As still a national record for YMCA's. In mitment to the development of our great sociation has long been one of the out addition, he will be a resource person for land and I sincerely admire the far standing community organizations in the fund raising for all 115 YMCA's in the reaching goals of this fine organization. United States. Although they are best southern California region. FHA youth play a vital role in our com known for working with youth, the Steve Burns' leadership at the Tor munities as they assuredly grow through YMCA involves the entire family in its rance Area Family YMCA will be missed, their experiences into our resourcefU} and activities while providing moral leader but he has received a promotion that he responsible leaders of tomorrow. ship, recreation, and education on a scale richly deserved, and his abilities will now Mr. Speaker, I am extremely proud of unparalleled by most groups. benefit even more people. My wife, Lee, these outstanding young men and wom It is not surprising that those who joins me in congratulating Steve on his en and I wish them continued success as work for this organization often become new duties and in extending our best they proceed to meet the challenges that regarded as very special people within wishes to his family as well. lie ahead. their communities. Thus, when the Tor rance Area Family YMCA's executive director, Stephen Burns, leaves his job at the end of February, his steady lead THE PRESIDENT'S PARDON UKRAINIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY, ership and ability will be missed by 1977 many. Steve has been with the Torrance Area HON. THOMAS B. EVANS, JR. Family YMCA since 1969 when he be OF DELAWARE HON. LUCIEN N. NEDZI came a full-time program director in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES charge of the Indian Guide program. On OF MICHIGAN Tuesday, February 1, 1977 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES March 1 of this year, his promotion as vice president of branch financial de Mr. EVANS of Delaware. Mr. Speaker, Tuesday, February 1, 1977 velopment for the Metropolitan Los I am deeply disappointed that President Mr. NEDZI. Mr. Speaker, a few days Angeles YMCA becomes effective. I would Carter has granted blanket and uncondi ago, millions of Ukrainians around the like to take this opportunity to thank tional pardon to Vietnam-era draft world observed the 59th anniversary of Steve for his fine years of service to our evaders. the Ukraine's brief independence. community and to wish him well as he During the Vietnam conflict, 2 million As we know, the Ukraine proclaimed assumes his new duties. American men and women served in its independence on January 22, 1918, Born on February 4, 1947, Steven Southeast Asia, some willingly, most during a turbulent period in world his Burns became an active YMCA member reluctantly. They received, at best, mixed tory. Invading Russian troops forced the at a very early age. By the time he was support from the American people during short-lived government into exile in 1923 attending San Fernando High School, he their service overseas, and little honor or and the Ukraine became part of the was working part time at the North Val even notice when they returned home. U.S.S.R. ley YMCA, was president of the Hi-Y Even today, the Vietnam-era veteran is Nevertheless, the Ukrainian people Council-an organization for high school the victim of high unemployment and have continued to maintain a strong students active in YMCA activities-and sometimes indifference from both the sense of separate identity and an endur was selected Hi-Y Boy of the Year in the Government and the private sector. ing preference for nationhood. San Fernando Valley and runner up in Of those who served, over 50,000 did There are 4 7 million Ukrainians in the city-wide competition. not return at all. They made the supreme U.S.S.R. They retain the familiar ties of While studying at the University of sacrifice for their country, yet few, if any, language, customs, and ethnic history California at Los Angeles, Steve worked monuments have been erected in their despite attempts to change them. at the Pacific Palisades YMCA. After memory. 3188 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1977 This pardon is an insult to the satn-i Be tt further resolved. that this Concurrent preme Court on several occasions has spoken fices made by those who served, and will Resolution be sent to President-Elect Carter about the proper scope of legislative investi at the White House, Washington, D.C., as gations. do nothing to ease the pain suffered by soon as it has been signed by the Governor Chief Justice Warren, writing in Watkins the families of men who were killed, of Delaware. v. United. States, 354 U.S. 178 (1957), set out wounded, or lost during the confiict. Be it further resolved that copies of this the parameters of Congress' power to investi Additionally, this pardon will serve as Concurrent Resolution be sent to the mem gate: "There is no general authority to ex a dangerous precedent for our country in bers of the Delaware Congressional Delega pose the private affairs of individuals with case of future emergencies, by making tion. out justification in terms of the functions of our manpower requirements more difil Be it further resolved that a copy of this the Congress ... Nor is the Congress a law Concurrent Resolution be sent to the secre enforcement or trial agency. These are func cult to achieve. tary of the Senate of the United States and tions of the executive and judicial depart Our Nation would have been better that a copy be sent to the Chief Clerk of ments of government. No inquiry is an end in served if we had continued a compas the House of Representatives of the United itself; it must be related to and 1n further sionate, reasoned, and case-by-case States for insertion, at their direction, in ance of a legitimate task of Congress." 354 review program for those who wish to the Congressional Record. u.s. at 187. return to this country or clear their Two years later in Barenblatt v. United. record. I believe all those who broke the States, 360 U.S. 109 (1959), Justice Harlan re law by avoiding military service should iterated the limitations on the Congression THE AC'LU ALSO RISES al investigative power: "Congress may only have been given the opportunity to per investigate into those areas in which it may form a period of alternative service in potentially legislate or appropriate; it cannot programs or facilities which serve the HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL inquire into matters which are within the needs of our people. By this action, we OF n.LINOIS exclusive province of one of the other could have healed the wounds which still branches of the government. Lacking the ju plague our country without insulting the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dicial power given to the Judiciary, it cannot memory of those who served so valiantly. Tuesday, February 1, 1977 inquire into matters that are exclusively the Mr. Speaker, for the RECORD, I include concern of the Judiciary. Neither can it sup Mr. MICHEL. .Mr. Speaker, it has plant the Executive in what exclusively be the text of Delaware Senate Resolution 1, -come to my attention that Mr. John H. longs to the Executive. And the Congress, in which expresses the views of the Del 'F. Shattuck, director of tbe Washing common with all branches· of the Govern aware General Assembly, and which was ·ton office of the American Civil Liber ment, must exercise its powers subject to the approved by the Governor on January 15, ties Union-ACLU-has presented his limitations placed by the Constitution on 1977, at the conclusion of my remarks: organization's views on the scope and governmental action, more particularly, in SENATE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION No. 1 the context of this case, the relevant limita procedures of the investigation that tions of the Blll of Rights." 360 U.S. at 111- Requesting President-elect Jimmy Carter to might be undertaken by the Select Com reconsider hiS decision to grant a blanket 112. pardon to draft evaders during the Viet mittee on Assassinations-if and when Two constitutional principles emerge from that committee is reestablished. While it these cases. First, Congressional investiga nam war has long been my opinion that not tions must be limited to the legislative func Whereas, the public press and radio have everyone who respects and fights for tion. In the context of this investigation, carried a number of news stories stating that there is a strong argument to be made that President-Elect Jimmy Carter wlll grant a civil liberties-as I do-will agree with Congress lacks the power to investigate a blanket pardon to all draft-evaders during all of the ACLU's positions on various homicide. Such an investigation is the func the Vietnam War period; and matters. I want to take this opportunity tion of the law enforcement agencies of the Whereas, these news announcements, con to place Mr. Shattuck's views in the Executive. Second, any legislative investiga firmed by the President-Elect's press assist RECORD as he outlined them in a letter tion must be conducted in a manner con ant, have brought dismay and bitter resent to Representative JAMES DELANEY, chair sist~t with the protection of individual ment to veterans' organizations and to the man of the Committee on Rules. rights. Investigative techniques must con parents and other relatives of hundreds of form to statutory and constitutional stand thousands of American youths who served I am particularly impressed with Mr. ards. honorably during the Vietnam War; and Shattuck's proposed guidelines which The Supreme Court has recognized the re Whereas, the decision by President-Elect seem to me to reflect on the whole com straints of the Bill of Rights upon Congres Carter to issue a blanket pardon to draft monsense and common decency. His sional investigations. In United States v. evaders would have a serious effect on the comments on the limitations of con Rumely, 345 U.S. 41 (1953), for example, the morale of all members of the armed forces gressional inquiries is of particular im Court was forced to construe narrowly a presently serving; and portance. As you know, I have raised resolution authorizing a Congressional in Whereas, such a decision by President doubts about the language of the reso vestigation into lobbying activities in order Elect Carter, if put into effect, would seri to avoid abridging First Amendment rights. ously affect the installation of a new selec lution calling for the reestablishment In Watkins Chief Justice Warren wrote, tive service system if such is required in of the Select Committee, since that lan "The Blll of Rights Is applicable to Investi the near future by a crisis in the foreign guage is overly broad. I am pleased, if, gations as to all forms of governmental ac relations of the United States; and quite frankly, somewhat surprised to tion. Witnesses cannot be compelled to give Whereas, such a blanket pardon for more see that my feelings on this matter coin evidence against themselves. They cannot be than 113,000 men who were involved in draft cide with those of the Washington Di subjected to unreasonable search and seizure. evasion cannot help but confuse the allies rector of the ACLU. The ACLU has Nor can the First Amendment freedoms of of the United States as to our sincerity of speech, press, religion, or political belief and purpose and to weaken them in their resolve risen to the occasion and I am more association be abridged." 354 U.S. at 187. to remain with us against the enemies be than glad to bring to your attention the Any Congressional investigation, therefore, hind the Iron Curtain; and fact that in principle and in many de must proceed along well-developed and Whereas, the decision by President-Elect tails, the ACLU agrees with the strong clearly defined guidelines which not only carter to grant a blanket pardon to the civil liberties position taken not only by embody the principles of the BUl of Rights draft-evaders appears to have been made myself but by members of both parties but also, at the very least, conform to exist without serious consultation with leaders of regarding the proposed investigation. ing statutory and cr1mlnal procedures. Ac the several veterans' organizations; and · At this time I include in the REcoRD cordingly, the ACLU proposes the following Whereas, the people of Delaware, through guidelines to protect the rights of individ their elected representatives in the 129th 'the full text of Mr. Shattuck's letter uals involved 1n the Select Committee's in General Assembly, wish to express their re 'to Representative JAMES DELANEY: vestigation: jection of any decision granting pardons to AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION, 1. Before airing defamatory, adverse or draft-evaders. Washington, D.C., January 25,1977. prejudicial information, the Committee Now therefore: Hon. JAMES J. DELANEY, should screen such material in executive ses Be it resolved by the Senate of the 129th Chairman, Committee on Rules, House of sion to determine Its rellabutty. General Assembly, the House of Representa Representatives, Washington, D.C. 2. An individual whom information tends tives concurring herein, and the Governor DEAk MR. CHAIRMAN: I 'am writing to ex to prejudice should be properly notified and approving by the a.tnxing of his signature, press the views of the American Civil Liber given an opportunity to appear before the that this Concurrent Resolution requests ties Union concerning the scope and pro Committee in executive session. He or she President-Elect Jtmmy Carter to reconsider cedures of the investigation to be conducted should be allowed to call supporting wit his decision to grant a blanket pardon to by the Select Committee on Assassinations. nesses 1f requested, and to produce other all of the draft-evaders during the Vietnam The power of Congress to conduct investi evidence in order to rebut prejudicial infor War. gations is broad but not unlimited. The Su- mation. The same requirement of fair notice February 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3189 pertaining to witnesses at public h'earings salaries, and the resulting reduced at District of the State of Wisconsin in should apply, including a ban on disclosure tractiveness of Federal service may communicating from time to time with of names of witnesses in advance of their harm executive branch recruitment. The the constituents of the Ninth Congres appearance. Federal judiciary must compete with luc 3. There should be an absolute prohibition sional District and to provide financial on the publication of information discussed rative private law practice for the best assistance for those ongoing functions of during the executive session, prior to a de legal talent. office which may not be adequately pro termination of whether to hold a public ses For the Congress to approve pay raises vided by the U.S. Government. It is the sion at which the defamatory information for these two coordinate branches of intent of this club that the fulfillment will be presented. Government is appropriate; but for a of such purposes wtll enable the elec 4. The Committee should not be permitted sitting Congress to approve a pay raise torate of the Ninth Congressional Dis to recall for a. public hearing a witness who for itself is contrary to generally ac has claimed the privilege against self-in trict to be served more effectively and crimination in executive session in response cepted principles of good government. If, openly in the U.S. House of Representa to certain questions put to him or her, after study and consideration of the is tives; and it is the belief of the club that merely in order to ask. the same questions sues, the Congress believes it necessary two-way communication between citi publicly. to give its Members higher salaries, it zens and their elected officials is an 5. If adverse testimony is given in public should do so gradually, beginning with essential ingredient of effective democ session after the Committee has determined the next Congress. It should not give it racy. in executiv~ session that it is appropriate to self a raise through the back door of let Any campaign involvement by the the investigation, any person about whom ting stand a recommendation transmit such testimony is offered should be afforded club is strictly forbidden by its articles an opportunity to: ted by the President. of organization which state: a. testify or offer sworn statements in his One of the principal arguments ad Under no circumstances shall this club or her own behalf; vanced by supporters of the big jump in participate in any way or in any activity b. subject the witnesses offering prejudi congressional pay is that the Members which haS' as its purpose lnfiuencing the cial testimony to cross-examination; cannot devote full time to their jobs. nomination for election, or election, of any c. obtain the assistance of the Committee They are compelled, the argument goes, person to Federal office. in compelling the attendance of witnesses to :fly all over the country on speaking and the production of documents reasonably engagements because they need the Mr. Speaker, the club is governed by necessary to rebut the charges against him. an executive committee consisting of four 6. Intrusive investigative techniques which money from the honoraria. If this is in deed a problem, it should be addressed outstanding community leaders in the raise serious constitutional questions, such Ninth District. It inc~udes Henry 0. as wiretapping and polygraph testing, should directly. Raising the pay of the Members be fiatly prohibited. The invasion of individ provides no assurance that this practice Allen, chairman; Mrs. James Englander, ual rights which results when these tech wtll stop. secretary; Ralph S. Huiras, and M. E. niques are used in criminal investigations For these reasons, Mr. Speaker, I will Nevins. would be greatly magnified if they were to join Mr. PRESSLER in sponsoring a reso Membership is open to any resident of be employed in a broad Congressional probe the Ninth District who voluntarily pays such as the one to be undertaken by the lution to disapprove that part of the President's submittal that would raise annual dues of no more than $25 per Select Committee. person. All 1976 contributions were per We do not offer these suggestions to im the pay of the Congress. pede the search for the truth about these sonal, and no funds were contributed by tragic assassinations. We believe, however, corporations or labor unions. that any Congressional investigation, re Organization of the Kasten Congres gardless of the subject matter, must comport KASTEN ·CONGRESSIONAL CLUB sional Club has provided a service to with the Constitution. We therefore request ~e con~tituents of the Ninth District by that the Select Committee's investigation not mcreasmg the opportunities for two-way continue until the guidelines we are propos• HON. ROBERT W. KASTEN, JR. communications. It has served as a valu ing have been established. OF WISCONSIN able supplement to the o:tncial duties of Yours sincerely, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES JOHN H. F. SHATTUCK, my congressional office. Director. Tuesday, February 1, 1977 Mr. KASTEN. Mr. Speaker, again this year I am pleased to report on the opera NO CONGRESSIONAL PAY RAISE A TRIBUTE TO AN OUTSTANDING tion of the Kasten Congressional Club, JOURNALIST organized in 1975 to assist me in com HON. DAVE STOCKMAN municating with constituents of the OF MICHIGAN Ninth Congressional District. HON. RONALD M. MOTTL oF omo IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The following is a report of the receipts and disbursements of the club: IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, February 1, 1977 KASTEN CONGRESSIONAL CLUB, NINTH CON Tuesday, February 1, 1977 Mr. STOCKMAN. Mr. Speaker, infla GRESSIONAit DISTRICT, STATE OF WISCONSIN tion is a fact of life for all Americans. It ANNUAL REPORT OF FINANCEB--1976 Mr. MOTTL. Mr. Speaker, the golf affects every aspect of how they live Receipts: courses of Greater Washington became their lives. Unfortunately for most Memberships (254 members at the biggest winners today when one Americans, only 535 of us can assemble $25 each)------$6,350.00 Robert Crater called it a career as Wash in Congress and vote ourselves a big pay Disbursements: ington correspondent for the Ohio raise when the pressure gets too severe. Newsletters ------5,020.44 Scripps-Howard Bureau. Bob, an avid Meetings ------ 730.39 golfer, is hanging up his typewriter and For the Congress to grant itself a pay 409.84 increase that is greater than the median Travel ------substituting it for his trusty putter. Membership solicitation ______115.26 But where there are winners, there are income of this country can only set a bad Supplies ------71.96 example. It makes us hypocrites as we also losers. And the losers in the Crater call on others for restraint. Total dlsburseinents ______6,347.89 retirement are many. They include the Although the series of recommenda millions of readers in Ohio who have tions transmitted to the Congress by the Excess of receipts over disburse- learned to enjoy and benefit from the President on January 17, 1977, includes ments ------2. 11 daily articles that Bob has written for Cash at beginning of year______77. 10 them. They include U.S. Senators, U.S. pay increases for employees of all three Cash balance at end of year______79.21 branches of Government, an increase for Representatives and other Government the Congress presents significantly dif For the record, may I restate the pur employees that Bob has covered during ferent issues from those presented by an poses of the club as described in its the years with such a great degree of increase for executive branch officials or articles of incorporation: fairness and dignity. And they include judges. The "compression" phenomenon The purposes of the Kasten Congres his fellow-newsmen who possess great re that reduced the differentials in pay at sional Club shall be to assist the Repre spect and admiration for their retiring the highest levels of the executive, the sentative to the U.S. House of Represen colleague. substantial increases in private sector tatives from the Ninth Congressional I have had the opportunity to get to 3190 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1977 know Bob Crater fairly well during the win the war against such violent, dis publication in the RECORD and I ask my past 2 years. I did not always agree with ruptive acts. colleagues to review it carefully before the articles he wrote, but they were fair After the Entebbe raid last July, passing similar legislation in this 95th and accurate. His readers and the public Israeli Prime Minister Rabin declared: Congress. While this and similar pro couldn't ask for more. This 1s Israel's contribution to the fight grams bespeak of the good intentions of It is reassuring to us on the Washing against terrorism, a fight that has not yet the Congress, it is becoming increasingly ton scene that Bob and his wife Sally will ended. clear that good intentions are no longer not completely close the door behind Unfortunately, it is also a fight that sufficient. Certainly, good intentions have them. They plan to stay in this area-at some nations have apparently decided the potential to unleash vast amounts of least for a while-while Bob straightens to sit out. political reward. But the American peo out those minor flaws in his golf game ple want much more from their tax dol which he has been working on to correct lars. And we here gathered together are since Bobby Jones won the grand slam. obliged to give it to them. To do other Seriously, though, Bob will be missed LOW-INCOME HOUSING UNITS BAD wise is inexcusable. by all of us. His dedication, his integrity BARGAINS FOR TAXPAYERS The editorial follows: and his other fine qualities set the stand GIVE STIFF PENALTIES IN HOUSING ScANDAL ard for other newsmen to emulate. Somebody ought to be fired, or put in jail. Join with me in offering him our best HON. J. HERBERT BURKE It's that simple. The people responsible wishes for a happy and enjoyable retire OF FLORIDA should be punished for the handling of the ment. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Crystal Lake Gardens low-income housing project in North Hollywood. Tuesday, February 1, 1977 The incredible mismanagement and pos INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM MUST Mr. BURKE of Florida. Mr. Speaker, sible corruption involved in the Crystal Lake BE STOPPED I would like to call the attention of all project could push the eventual price of one my colleagues to an editorial appearing cramped apartment to an incredible $62,000. The story of Crystal Lake Gardens is per in the December 29, 1976, edition of the haps the sorriest in the sorry history of the HON. PAUL SIMON Miami Herald. The editorial, entitled Federal Housing Administration in Soutb OF ILLINOIS "Give Stiff Penalties in Housing Scan Florida. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dal," lashes out at the mismanagement, The 201-unit derelict looks like a bombed Tuesday, . February 1, 1977 the neglect, the vandalism, and the pos out complex, so complete has been the sible conflict of interest and public cor vandalism at the site since work was stopped Mr. SIMON. Mr. Speaker, last week ruption involved in the FHA-insured in January 1974. The Fort Lauderdale builder our new colleague from New York, Rep Crystal Lake Gardens low-income hous who started the job, David Howell of Well resentative THEODORE WEISS, asked sev ing project in North HollYWood, Fla. Built Construction Co., spent $2.4 million on eral of us to join him on the floor to the project before he ran out of money with The Crystal Lake Gardens housing the project 76 per cent completed. discuss the incident in France which has rental project-an outgrowth of section Now the Browa.rd County Housing Author disturbed so many people in this country 236 of the National Housing Act-had its ity is about to get $3.8 million to rehabilitate and around the world. I regret that I original beginning in 1971. At that time the project. But it can't start work until an could not join the discussion at that it was designed to contain 201 units hav architect completes an $80,000 evaluation of time, but I want to add a word now. ing from one to four bedrooms to be how many of the original 201 units can be International terrorism has become an rented at a minimum cost of $118 per salvaged from the vandalized ruins. unfortunate fact of modern life. Each month and at a maximum of $146 per Is it any wonder many p~ople in Broward year brings new cases of innocent citi shudder at the thought of low-income hous month. ing? zens being kidnaped, maimed, and mur However, for a variety of reasons the A highly respected Broward housing official, dered by members of desperate political project was closed down by the contrac acutely aware of the essential need to provide movements. Consider a brief listing of tor for the second and final time in early low-cost housing to thousands of our resi some of the atrocities committed in the 1974. At that time the project was esti dents, concedes that people can't be expected past 5 years: mated to be 70 percent completed. Since to look on calmly while they pay $62,000 for The killing of two American diplomats then, however, the project has been sub one cramped apartment. in Khartoum in 1973. The raid on the ject to extensive vandalism. A study done A confidential memorandum prepared by 1975 OPEC meeting in Vienna, resulting an FHA underwriter suggested Well Built was by the city of Hollywood engineers re "the recipient of favoritism by a particular in three deaths and the kidnaping of vealed in 1975 that the estimated retriev (FHA) official." The memo didn't name the a number of oil ministers. The June 1976 able portion of the project may now rep official, but an audit now underway and due murder of the U.S. Ambassador to Leb resent only 20 percent. A Broward hous out next month should. anon, his aide, and their chauffeur in ing authority official has stated public The memo also points out that more money Beirut. And the plane hijacking which ly that only 100 of the 201 housing was drawn out of FHA-insured accounts than was ended by last year's famous Entebbe units may be salvageable. If this is true wsa paid out to subcontractors at the crystal raid. and the evidence indicates that it is-the Lake Gardens apartments. The infamous act which kicked off this The underwriter noted that Howell's firm total cost of one small cramped apart had a nearby conventional project that half-decade of terrorism occurred in ment could run in excess of $62,000. "causes me to wonder if the funds not paid Munich. The murder of 11 Israeli ath This and similar evidence coming from to the HUD project subcontractors were not letes during the 1972 Olympic games fol around the country is clear. And the diverted to the conventional project subcon lower a mass kidnaping reportedly verdict is undeniable. If we in this Con tractors. I believe only a proper audit would planned by Black September terrorist gress are truthfully concerned with help determine what actually occurred." Abu Daoud. ing the poor, we must begin to look be Several other financial "oddities" were dis Last week, the French arrested Daoud, yond our intentions to the consequences cussed in the memo and someone needs to be thus presenting the opportunity to turn held responsible. of the actions we take. The plain truth The FHA also neglected to hire a security him over to the Israelis and West Ger about projects such as Crystal Lake Gar guard when the work stopped at Crystal Lake. mans for trial. Instead, France capit dens housing project is that they do not The vandals ran wild. They broke nearly every ulated to economic blackmail and ship help the poor who were the intended pane of glass in the complex, stripped elec ped Daoud off to asylum in Algeria. In recipients of the program. Instead, these trical and kitchen fixtures and turned the the process, the French igilored their projeenefit the to meet the added needs we see in thA I feel certain that if we're going to be suc entire nation. , future. cessful, we're going to have to go to the Ways Some things are desperately needed, such And now what about mass transportfltion? and Means Coinmittee and then later to the as the bridge program, and commuter trans We need a program, in a rough amount, of Floor of the House Representatives with a portation. They must be a part of this pro $2 billion doll~rs a year, in acldition to what total package. We're going to have to prove gram. It's a program that can only be put we have in our present programs. This Ia.oney to our colleagues that we followed up on the into operation with the expertise, the inter could come from taking two percent of the promises we made during the last Congress est, the care, and the cooperation of all of present corporate profits tax, and placing it that in this 95th Congress we wlll come up you. into a mass transportation trust fund. with a total program. We cannot, maybe we So come and see us. We're ready to talk. For the past few years, we had former should not, be permitted to just add on an We're ready to listen. But hurry! Because President Ford sending tax reform proposals improvement, in addition to the Federal we're ready to go! We're ready to put to to the Congress. In his proposals, each time Highway Act that we have had in the past, to gether the total surface transportation pol he asked the Congress to reduce the corpo say that we need another $3 or $4 billion icy and program for the next 30 years. It's rate profits tax on earnings over $50,000 a in the Highway Trust Fund for our bridge a job for all of us. We need you. year from 48 percent to 46 percent. Apparent program, our primary system or whatever. Thank you. ly, it's not needed in the treasury. My pro And say, "Later on down the road. we'll take posal is to take that two percent, which in care of mass transit, sometime in the future." a moderate economic year, would amount to Well, the future is now. In this Congress, approximately $2 blllion, and to place it in a we're coinmitted to go to the Ways and Means mass transportation trust fund. Each percent Coinmittee with a total program, and say, CODY BAND MARCHES IN PRESI in a year such as we've just experienced rep "This is what we have for railroads, this is DENTIAL INAUGURATION resents about a bllllon dollars. It's not a new what we have for mass transit, this is what tax. It's not increasing any tax. What cor we have for highways." poration in this nation does not have a AI Ullman told me last year-he's the HON. WILLIAM M. BRODHEAD vested interest in a transportation system Chairman of the Ways and Means Commit OF MICHIGAN serving coinmuter railroads and buses in this tee, as you know-that his Committee is go IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES country? So I think it's about a& close a.s we ing to be so busy during this Congress that can come, for practical purposes, to a user they w111 not have time to go in depth inlto Tuesday, February 1, 1977 tax. We certainly can't dip into the fare box the probleins of funding transportation in from the subway system of the City of New Mr. BRODHEAD. Mr. Speaker, the in this country. If we want a new program, if we auguration of a new President is one of York and expect to generate enough money want an expanded program, if we want an to improve the mass and rail transit in that additional trust, fund, we wlll have to do the most important of our national cele city. the research, we wtll have to do the work, brations. Every 4 years Americans What wm we do with the money? Our and then bring our proposal to his Commit gather in Washington to swear in our minds are open as to how we may be able to tee. This is a tremendous responsibll1ty, but new national leaders and to recommit use the money. Certainly we can expand and it's also a tremendous opportunity for an of ourselves to the principles on which the revise the prograins already authorized by us. We can do our work during this next year Nation was founded. the Congress. And here's a possibillty for the or 15 months and come up with the best pro Every State in the Nation participates future if additional funds become available gram for all. after we have taken care of our urban and As I said, maybe my program, maybe the in the inaugural parade that tradition commuter needs. It rmght be wise, short of corporate profits tax of two percent and the ally follows. To be chosen to appear in nationalizing the railroads and mass transit addition to the gasoline tax is not the an this important event is a great honor, an systems in the country, to create in a fed swer. If there is a better answer, all we want honor that this year was conferred upon eral-state partnership, a 50,000 mile inter to do is hear it, have it shown to us, have it the Cody High School Band represent state railroad system from the existing sys proven to us, and we'll be willing to accept ing Detroit and the State of Michigan. tem. We know that there's a tremendous it. But we have used up all the time that we need in this country, to improve the rail The Cody High School Marching Band, can in discussing the "possib111ties," and located in the congressional district I beds. We just had a report a few days ago "how abouts", the "maybes." "Maybe we concerning the Amtrak trains, the new en should", "maybe we shouldn't." We've got to represent, richly deserves this recogni gines. The report sa.id that they are tremen begin to move now. tion. The band, 130 members strong; per dously restricted, not able to travel as fast As Chairman of the Surface Transporta forms on an average of once every week, as they might, for one reason: the rail beds tion Subcoinmlttee, I intend to move with not only in Detroit and in Michigan, but are inadequate. Well, if we can establish this program and to stay with this program in such faraway places as Mexico and ·this program, use the federal funds in a. part until I hear of a better one. We cannot let Italy. The Cody band played bicenten nership with the states, on the major rail this 95th Congress end without presenting to nial concerts in Philadelphia and in February 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3193 Washington, D.C. and was chosen the I have also cosponsored in the 95th are of benefit to the taxpayer and which outstanding marching band in Windsor, Congress three additional measures of are ripoffs. Taxpayers should not be Ontario. direct interest to veterans: a bill to in forced to foot the bill for "going away" These achievements were possible only sure that recipients of VA benefits re parties for departing Members of Con because of the hard work of Band Direc ceive their full measure of any future gress. tor James Harris and his dedicated stu social security increases; a bill which Mr. Speaker, it is always important dents. The band practices daily during qualifies hemiplegics for all mortgages for Congress to set an example of pru the school year from 3 to 5 p.m. and at assistance programs available to vet dence and self-restraint in regard to our tends intensive training during the sum erans; and a bill to provide for a better own salaries and perquisites. This piece mer at Oakland University in Rochester, system of reviewing and upgrading less of legislation is a small but significant Mich. Although the financially strapped than honorable discharges. step in the direction of rebuilding con Detroit public schools have been forced So, Mr. Speaker, as Mr. Carter's at fidence and restoring public trust in the to discontinue music classes, over 60 per tempts to bind up our Nation's wounds Congress. cent of the students, encouraged by Di by pardoning draft violaters, I hope he Finally, I hope that President Carter rector Harris, take private music lessons will not fail to give tribute-in word and will take note of this action and instruct at their own time and expense. These ex in action-to the men and women who the executive agencies to curtail any traordinary efforts have greatly bene served in this Nation's Armed Forces superfluous travel by their officials, par fited the school· and the community. The honorably and well. ticularly those about to retire. band is renown for its precision forma tions and rousing music, written ex pressly for the band by Jerry Bilik of the TRffiUTE' TO G. HOMER SKARIN University of Michigan. PROHffiiTION OF TRAVEL ABROAD The Cody band is the first band to rep BY LAMEDUCK CONGRESSMEN resent Detroit in a Presidential inaug HON. ROBERT N. GIAIMO ural parade, and they performed out HON. DAVE STOCKMAN OF CONNECTICUT standingly. I commend Director Harris IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF MICHIGAN and his students on their latest in a long Tuesday, February 1, 1977 list of accomplishments. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, February 1, 1977 Mr. GIAIMO. Mr. Speaker, in my years in the House of Representatives, Mr. STOCKMAN. Mr. Speaker, every I have had the good fortune to make PARDONING DRAFT VIOLATERS 2 years we witness the familiar mass many friends on the Hill. Perhaps the exodus of lameduck Congressmen on trips only unfortunate result of this is that abroad. It is in an effort to bring a halt the longer I remain, the more likelihood HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOU to this unwarranted expenditure of pub that some of my old friends will be leav OF KENTUCKY lic funds that I am cosponsoring with the ing Capitol Hill. In this instance, such IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES distinguished assistant minority leader an event has once again occurred. My Tuesday, February 1, 1977 legislation to prohibit travel abroad at good friend, Homer Skarin, chief clerk Government expense by Members of Con of the BUD-Independent Agencies Sub Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, on the gress who will not be Members of the committee of the Committee on Appro first full day of his administration, next Congress. ' priations, has announced his retirement President Carter pardoned most Viet Our Nation is currently going through after 29 years of devoted service with nam-era draft offenders. Those who a period of economic strain. We are fac the committee. used force to resist or dodge the draft ing the combined threats of infiation, When Homer Skarin came to Capitol were excluded from the pardon. recession, and unemployment. Prices are Hill in 1948, the House was a far differ The pardon took the form of an Ex on the rise, and some assembly lines are ent institution from what it is today. ecutive order, which becomes effective closing down. Homer was one of the principal archi the moment it is signed by the President. In order to help weather this economic tects of the process by which our pres Even though Congress does not vote on crisis, we have called on the American ent structure developed. He and other Executive orders, President carter's par people to tighten their belts and make old hands who make up the strength of don is such an important issue that I sacrifices where it hurts-in their pocket the Appropriations staff have seen a feel all Members of Congress should books. Under these circumstances, it is great deal of change in the substance make their positions on the pardon especially incumbent on us in the Con and scope of committee work, reflecting known. gress to set our own House in order. the modifications of agency functions I support President Carter's action, This legislation is by no means in by legislation and the increasing role but I do so with real concern. It could tended to prevent Members of Congress of Federal expenditure in our Nation's cause us to forget that our obligation-· from fulfilling their constitutional re economy. Homer's clerkship of the De as a nation-goes beyond closing the sponsibilities. I am fully aware of the ficiency Subcommittee and the BUD book on Vietnam. It includes devoting important benefits to the legislative proc Independent Agencies Subcommittee our Nation's abundant resources to meet ess which can be derived from prudent over the years has brought these some ing the educational, social, medical, and congressional travel. Congressmen can times flexible, other times fragile alli-· financial needs of those who put aside use these opportunities to gather valuable ances through the periods of change and family and self and answered their coun background information for their com crisis which have formed the basis of try's call. mittee work, lay the foundation for new Federal policy thes~ past 3 decades. Since coming to Congress, I have given legislative initiatives, and exercise their During my years of tenure on the my wholehearted support to veteran's investigative powers and responsibilities HOD-Independent Agencies Subcom legislation which improves disability, over programs which Congress has in mittee, Homer was a valued coworker employment and retirement compensa stituted. This bill is· not meant to inter and a ready source of expertise and tion, improves health services and edu fere in any way with the normal work humor. His unfailing labors for the sub cational benefifts, expands housing as ings of this legislative process. committee were such that Members' re sistance, and expands our national However, it is hard to imagine what liance on him constituted one of the cemetery system. legitimate purpose is to be served by a salient facts of our committee life. His Already in the 95th Congress-just a trip of this nature when a man's term modest but thorough style was felt by few weeks old-I have cosponsored a bill of office is about to expire and he is not all Members who came to respect his entitled the Comprehensive Veterans returning to the new Congress. This is judgment as always prudent and readily Readjustment Assistance Act of 1977. the area about which the public feels available. Homer's character was found That is a "mouthful" but the bill con very uncomfortable and over which they to be valued both on the Hill and down tains a "mouthful" of improvements to have every right to hold us accountable. town; he has remained one of the bul the GI bill. Common sense should dictate which trips warks of our system of government. 3194 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1977 We shall all miss Homer from these life and dignity among our Nation's made to participating pharmacies on the halls. I wish Homer and Lois, his wife, elderly and disabled. basis of maximum allowable cost of the best of everything in their well Under my bill, eligibility for out- eligible drugs plus a professional dis deserved retirement. of-hospital prescription drug coverage pensing fee. This type of reimbursement would extend to medicare patients who system is currently applied in all drug suffer the most common or life-threat- programs supported with Federal funds ening chronic diseases. Such coverage through the Department of Health, Edu LET US INCLUDE THE COST OF PRE would target the program expenditures cation, and Welfare. It provides a signif SCRIPTION DRUGS UNDER MEDI toward patients with such conditions as icant measure of cost control by taking CARE diabetes, high blood pressure, cancer, ar- advantage of competitive pricing wher thritis, rheumatism, and chronic cardi- ever possible, while recognizing that HON. DAVID R. OBEY vascular, respiratory or kidney disease. costs and services vary among phar Aside from the discomfort and disability macies. OF WISCONSIN these conditions often cause, they create Mr. Speaker, coverage of out-of-has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES additional financial burdens and worries pital prescription drugs has been recom Tuesday, February 1, 1977 for those people who are already having mended for inclusion in the medicare Mr. OBEY. Mr. Speaker, today, for the a difficult time getting along on fixed program for many years. I believe that fourth successive Congress, I am intro- incomes. On the average, the elderly this bill contains the proper ingredients . ducing legislation to add out-of-hospital with chronic illnesses have prescription for an economically and medically feast prescription drug coverage under medi drug expenses nearly three times higher ble program. While the design for na care. This bill would expand medicare than those who are not so afHicted. tiona! health insurance will continue to benefits for the millions of elderly and Generally, the drugs to be covered in- be debated and its implementation un disabled people who suffer the double clude those prescription drugs and in- doubtedly delayed even further because jeopardy of chronic illness and financial sulin, necessary over a prolonged period of the competition for scarce Federal insecurity. of time for treatment of the most com- funds, I believe that a presc.ription drug Since 1966, the medicare program has mon chronic illnesses. For example, program for the elderly and disabled provided coverage for almost all of the people with chronic heart disease often with chronic illnesses is both timely and inpatient hospital expenses of the elderly use digitalis drugs to strengthen their sound enough financially to warrant and for a significant portion of their ex heartbeat, anticoagulant drugs to reduce prompt consideration by this body apart penses for physicians' and other medical the danger of blood clots and drugs to from the broader health care insurance services. However, a serious gap in cover lower their blood pressure. These types proposals. age which affects the most vulnerable of drugs would be covered but sedatives It is estimated that this type of medi- population group in our society-the and tranquilizers would not. care coverage would cost about $1 btl- chronically ill-remains to be closed. Briefly, the program would work this lion. Admittedly, the program is an ex- Prescription drugs are the most essential way: pensive proposition. However, there life-sustaining treatment for many of the First. It would be financed under the would be an off-setting saving of up to serious long-term illnesses that afHict the payroll tax, part A portion of medicare, $100 million in the medicaid program aged and disabled. Yet for too many of which means that individuals would pay thus making the net cost of prescriptio~ these people the choice between purchas for their dru~ insurance during their drug coverage about $900 million. Fur ing the drugs prescribed for their chronic working years, rather than later when thermore, with an expanded coverage for conditions and providing for their basic their incomes are sharply reduced due prescription drugs, many medicare pa food and shelter needs has become an to retirement or disability. Financing tients who would otherwise be unable to untenable dilemma. This situation is in under part A also means that all medi- purchase such drugs would avoid the tolerable and the time for action to care beneficiaries would be presump- more serious complications of chronic change it is long overdue. tively eligible for prescription drug diseases which would require more in In 1971, 1973 and 1975 more than 100 coverage when they require maintenance tensive and expensive medical care in House Members joined me in the effort drugs, thus avoiding the complicated and hospitals. to relieve the financial burden that pre expensive administrative determinations In the final report of the HEW Task scription drug expenses place upon senior of eligibility that often accompany pro- Force on Prescription Drugs issued in citizens and other medicare beneficiaries. grams that are not universally available. 1969, it was stated that: In 1972 and 1973 the Senate overwhelm Second. A special committee called a For many elderly people, mness serves as a. ingly approved amendments to the Social Medicare Formulary Committee com- major ca.use of their poverty by reducing Security Act to add outpatient drug posed of physicians, pharmacists and their incomes, while poverty serves as a rna coverage for medicare recipients. other health professionals would select jor contributory cause of lllness by making However, in spite of the significant the drugs to be covered, and issue a de- it d11llcult for them to obtain adequate support by House and Senate Members, tailed list of eligible drugs, a formulary, · health care. the full House has never had the oppor each year, with periodic updates as ap- This vicious circle continues to plague ' tunity to vote on this critically impor propriate. The formulary would include elderly people. It is time to break that tant program. Both times the Senate drug price limits and other information circle and remove the barriers that frus amendments were either deleted or died essential to rational prescribing in order trate better health care for the elderly I in conference. to promote safe and effective drug use believe that the legislation I am intr~- This year there will probably be moves as well as program cost control. ducing today will receive some hope that to deal with the problem of social secu Although the use of a formulary is a we can achieve that goal. We should be rity financing as well as some steps to controversial issue, it would be difficult, expected to do much more and certainly ward a comprehensive national health if not impossible, to achieve high quality we should do no less. ' care plan. The prescription drug cover medical care, rational prescribing, effec- age provision under medicare which I tive utilization rev,iew and control of am proposing can certainly be consid costs in a drug program without it. ered along with these two issues. The Third. Medicare recipients would THE 75TH ANNIVERSARY OF inclusion of out-of-hospital prescription make a copayment of $1 each time they LOUIS ALLIS CO. drug coverage under medicare should be had their prescriptions filled. Recipients considered one of the building blocks would not have to pay monthly pre for national health insurance. In fact, miums, keep records or file claims for HON. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI most of the proposals for national health their drug coverage. The copayment pro OF WISCONSIN insurance include a comprehensive ben vision is a way to hold down program IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES efit for prescription drugs. However, I costs and overutilization and yet it is a Tuesday, February 1, 1977 believe that we should work to expand nominal fee which preserves the fi medicare coverage on a small scale now nancial relief aspects of the program. Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, during to relieve the deteriorating conditions of Fourth. Reimbursement would be the recess I had the opportunity to at- February 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3195 tend the 75th anniversary celebration two votes short of the number required for tention of individuals suspected or con of the Louis Allis Co. in Milwaukee, Wis. passage. victed of offenses against the criminal Since its founding in 1901, the company It's time for Congress to quit evading responsibllity. The tendency has been for laws of the United States; third, if the has grown steadily, not only in volume Congress to pass vague, highsounding legis area over which the employing agency is of business, but also in its standing with lation and then when the bureaucrats start responsible for protecting includes resi in its own industry. Now a division of the hard job of interpreting it through ad dential properties. Litton Industries, Louis Allis ranks ministrative rules, congressmen blame the I hope that my colleagues in the House among the country's five leading pro bureaucrats for whatever is unpopular about will join me in supporting this measure ducers of electric motors and related the interpretation and enforcement. It's to correct this serious inequity. drives and systems. Currently, the com time for Congress to tell bureaucrats when pany employs over 1,500 people. they have incorrectly interpreted the intent of the law. Louis Allis customers and competitors This would not only make for better regu alike agree that the company's products lations, as Levitas argues, but it would also NATIONAL LUPUS WEEK deserve their reputation for reliable per make for better legislation by forcing the formance and long life in an unusually lawmakers to think through what they in wide variety of applications. Louis Allis tend. And it is the only way to get lawmaking HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON developed and manufactured auxiliary back into the hands of elected representa OF CALIFORNIA propulsion motors for America's fleet of tives. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES There has been some concern that con nuclear submarines; motors and drives gressional review of these regulations might Tuesday, February 1, 1977 for sophisticated satellite tracking an give them more of the force of law than they Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. tennas; and many motors and systems now have, but some of them already carry Speaker, over a third of the elected Rep used on board ships of the U.S. Navy. penalties of fine or imprisonment for viola resentatives of this House have now co The products of this outstanding Mil tors, and a procedure in which Congress simply vetoes measures it doesn't approve sponsored House Joint Resolution 24, a waukee company are also in daily use bill to recognize a deadly, widespread dis throughout a broad spectrum of Ameri shouldn't change the status of those which are not vetoed. ease of the connective tissues that cur can industry, and in a number of coun This time both houses of Congress should rently afflicts over 500,000 citizens tries overseas as well. They work in complete action on the Levitas proposal and throughout this Nation. This legislation chemical and petroleum processing; in put an end to the refusal to take responsi will bring this unknown disease to the basic metals; in papermaking, in textiles; bllity for the laws of th~ United States. public's attention and give hope to our 1n power generation; in pollution con many constituents who must now think trol; and in hundreds of other fields. that nobody cares. I am proud of the successful record Mr. Speaker, our goal is 219 cospon which the management and employees of NAVAL STATION LAW ENFORCE sors. I hope that 87 of our colleagues will this company have achieved throughout MENT OFFICERS' BENEFITS join with those listed below and agree their 75-year history, and I am confident . to cosign this bill. Then the Post Office that they will continue in their excellent HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST and Civil Service Committee can con work. OF vmaiNIA sider and hopefully report the legisla IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion at the earliest possible time. The list of cosponsors of this "Na SUPPORT FOR LEVITAS' BILL ON Tuesday, February 1, 1977 tional Lupus Week" bill as of this hour CONGRESSIONAL VETO Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, is as follows: there are hundreds of law enforcement James Abdnor of South Dakota. HON. DAWSON MATHIS officers at the Norfolk Naval Station who Daniel Akaka of Hawaii. Clifford Allen of Tennessee. OF GEORGIA do not receive the special retirement benefits that other similar personnel are Herman Badillo of New York. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES entitled to due to a technical interpre Tom Bevm of Alabama. Tuesday, February 1, 1977 DaVid Bon lor of Michigan. tation of the law. Since the Naval Base DaVid Bowen of Mississippi. Mr. MATHIS. Mr. Speaker, as an ear police are substantially, not primarily, as John Brademas of Indiana. ly supporter of Congressman LEVITAs' the law dictates, involved in the "inves John Breckinridge of Kentucky. bill providing for congressional veto of tigation, apprehension, or detention of Jack Brinkley of Georgia. administrative rules and regulations, I individuals suspected or convicted of William Brodhead of Michigan. offenses against the criminal laws of the Garry Brown of Michigan. commend to my colleagues an editorial George Brown of California. which appeared in the Atlanta Journal United States," these men have been ex Clair Burgener of California. -on January 31 strongly supporting the cluded from the special benefits they J. Herbert Burke of Florida. congressional veto legislation. I worked have earned. Yvonne Burke of California. closely with my colleague Congressman The Naval Base police are essential to Phlllip Burton of California. ELLIOTT LEVITAS in the 94th Congress On the security of the installation as well as Charles Carney of Ohio. this bill, known as the Administrative the personnel and dependents. Each day, Tim Lee Carter of Kentucky. Rulemaking Reform Act. I am pleased they are subject to the same perils as Del Clawson of California. other Federal law enforcement agents. E. Thomas Coleman of Missouri. that my colleague from Georgia has re- Silvio Conte of Massachusetts. 1ntroduced this bill and that to date 120 Mr. Speaker, these men do investigate, JDaniel Flood of Pennsylvania. federal agencies. primarily involve the protection of hu William Ford of Michigan. One version of his proposal got the support man life and the protection of property; Dan Glickman of Kansas. o! 265 House members last year but since and second, frequently involve-as de Barry Goldwater of Ce.lifomia. it had reached the :floor under circumstances termined by the employing authority Henry Gonzalez o! Texas. where a two-thirds vote was required, it fell the investigation, apprehension, or de- Tennyson Guyer of Ohio. 3196 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1977 Sam Hall of Texas. RURAL AMERICA only 14 of 435 Congressional Districts pres John Paul Hammerschmidt of Arkansas. ently classified as rural, these lessons can be Mark Hannaford of California. easily forgotten. George Hansen of Idaho. HON. LEE H. HAMILTON D. Summary Augustus Hawkins of Callfornia.. OF INDIANA Perhaps these thoughts are more appro Ma.rga.ret Heckler of Massachusetts. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES priate for philosophers, sociologists and econ Cecil Heftel of Ha.wa.U. omists than they are for Congressmen. What Frank Horton of New York. Tuesday, February 1, 1977 must be appreciated by those of us in Con James Howard of New Jersey. Mr. Mr. gress are the reasons for supporting the Wlllia.m Hughes of New Jersey. HAMILTON. Speaker, I pre health and vitality of rural America. As I Henry Hyde of Illinois. pared a speech on rural America for de have pointed out, the reasons are: Andy Ireland of Florida.. livery before the North Central Jurisdic Its contribution to national leadership; Ed Jenkins of Georgia. tion Urban Network and the North Cen The values that it instUls in its people; and Harold (Bizz) Johnson of California.. tral Jurisdiction Town and Country As Ed Jones of Tennessee. The close relationship between its prosper- Jack Kemp of New York. sociation in Chicago, m., on January 3, ity and the soundness of the national and WilHam Ketchum of California. 1977. The speech, entitled "Rural Amer global economies. Peter Kostma.yer of Pennsylvania. ica," is inserted in the CONGRESSIONAL II. WHAT IS HAPPENING IN RURAL AMERICA John Krebs of California. RECORD for the benefit and use of my There are s9me interesting things going John LaFalce of New York. colleagues : on in rural America today. Let us consider Robert Lagomarsino of California. RURAL AMERICA both advances and problems in several areas. Raymond Lederer of Pennsylvania. I. THE NATURE 01!' RURAL AMERICA A. Population Norman Lent of New York. Jim Lloyd of California.. A. National leadersh:tp In recent years rural America has made Marilyn Lloyd of Tennessee. A national columnist has recently observed strong gains in population. The number of Trent Lott of Mlssi~ippi. that, with the exception of John F. Kennedy, people living in rural areas is increasing at John McFall of California. every President of the United States in thiS a faster rate than is the number of people Ma.tthew McHugh of New York. century was either born or reared in a small living in cities, and even counties not adja Stewart McKinney of Connecticut. community. The columnist might have men cent to metropolitan areas are experiencing Andrew Maguire of New Jersey. tioned the home town and rural origins of rapid growth. A great migration to the coun Ron Ma.rlenee of Montana.. this past year's Presidential candidates and tryside has taken place since 1970, reversing Dawson Mathis of Georgia.. the new leaders of Congress. the declines in rural population that char Romano Mazzoli of Kentucky. When our Nation was young and most of acterized the 1960's. Barbara. Mikulski of Maryland. its people lived on the land, it was to be For all the talk we hear of the excitement Clarence Mlller of Ohio. expected that its leaders would have such of urban life, it is not hard to understand Norman Mlneta. of California. beginnings. But I have been struck by the why thousands of Americans are fleeing from Joe Moa.kley of Massachusetts. fact that persons from small towns and farms the central cities and suburbs. They seek a Anthony Moffett of Connecticut. continue to provide a large share of the na life with less violence, pressure and pollution, Robert Mollohan of West Virginia. tional leadership even though America has with more open space, green grass and fresh Carlos Moorhead of California. become highly urbanized. air. For these Americans the lights of the Wllliam Moorhead of Pennsylvania. ' B. Values city no longer glitter and the hope of a Austin Murphy of Pennsylvania. peaceful life in the country looms large in John Murphy of New York. Why do these men and women rise to the top in leadership? Why do they often refer their thoughts. Michael Myers of Pennsylvania. Of course, the rural population boom has Stephen Neal of North Carolina. to their humble beginnings with pride? Why did President Carter return to his home in been a mixed blessing. It has brought: Robert Nix of Pennsylvania. Pollution; Richard Nolan of Minnesota.. Plains, Georgia so frequently during the grueling campaign? Many social scientists Permanently scarred landscapes; James Oberstar of Minnesota. Social tensions; and Richard Ottinger of New York. believe that a tightly knit, small community, where the influence of fainily and church Great strains on underfl.nanced local gov Jerry Patterson of Ca.llfornia. ernments and publlc fac111ties. Claude Pepper of Florida. is strong, creates in people a certain self Carl Perkins of Kentucky. confidence and an a.b111ty to cope with stress. B. Jobs · Melvin Price of Dlinois. These same social scientiSts also cite the Along with people have come jobs. Employ Albert Quie of Minnesota. smaller scope of rural life: Problems are ment opportunities are increasing rapidly in James Quillen of Tennessee. more easily placed in perspective. In con rural America and the number of poor liv Nick Ra.hall of West Virginia. trast to this, a sprawling, impersonal urban ing there is declining. Labor experts estimate Frederick Richmond of New York. area weakens the influence of family and that rural areas have far brighter prospects Ray Roberts of Texas. church, and the fast pact of urban life over for economic development than many urban Peter Rodino of New Jersey. whelms city dwellers with problems that areas have. The figures tend to bear these Robert Roe of New Jersey. seem too big to handle. experts out: according to the latest data, Edward Roybal of California. I myself cannot say whether these facts unemployment is lower in non-metropolitan Marty Russo of Dlinois. account for the leadership qualities of rural regions than it is in metropolitan regions, Jim Santini of Nevada. Americans, but there is something about the and employment in the countryside is in James Scheurer of New York. small towns and farms of America that pro creasing at an annual rate nearly twice as Paul Simon of Dlinois. duces steady, rella.ble and moderate people high as in the city. of uncommon good sense. After a few days B. F. Sisk of California. Rural areas also seem to be bouncing back John Slack of West Virginia. in the supercharged atmosphere of Washing ton it is always reassuring to me to en from the recession at a. faster pace than are Stephen Solarz of New York. the urban areas, though rural youth stlll Gladys Spellman of Maryland. counter stable people from the small com munities of Southern Indiana. They and faces a situation in which occupational Harley Staggers of West Virginia. choices are few. Fortney Stark of Californ~a. people like them have made rural areas the Louis Stokes of Ohio. balance wheel and backbone of the Nation. C. Income Richard Tonry of Louisiana. C. Economy Following trends in population and em Bob Traxler of Michigan. Rural America, many of whose inhabitants ployment, rural income is also showing ~trong A1 Ullman of Oregon. are engaged in agriculture and related pur improvements. For the period from 1970 to Bruce Vento of Minnesota. suits, may not be the most spectacular part 1974, median family income in rural regions Joe Waggonner of Louisiana. of the United States. All too often life there rose faster than in urban regions, and there William Walsh of New York. is considered to lie outside the pitch and is no reason to expect that this phenomenon Henry Waxman of California. thrust of· "important" a.fiaH:s. However, the will not persist. Rising median income holds Ted Weiss of New York. lesson of the Great Depression is clear: a the promise of better standards of living in Charles Wiggins of California. decline in the prospert ty of rural America America's small towns and on America's Charles Wilson of Texas. not only hurts the farmer but drags down farms. Charles Wilson of California. the economy of the entire country as well. Other statistics, however, reveal problems Larry Winn of Kansas. Clearer still is the more recent lesson of the still unsolved. The median income of rural Antonio Won Pat of Guam. world food crisis: the prosperity of Amer workers iS about 20 percent less than their Sidney Yates of Dltnois. ica's agricultural producers iS a critical part urban counterparts. Worse yet, the rural Gus Yatron of Pennsylvania. of the global economy. poor receive only 25 percent of all Federal Don Young of Alaska. Regrettably, with less than 5 percent of all funds for income maintenance and only 30 Leo Zeferetti of New York. Americans now engaged in agriculture and percent of all food stamps even though they February 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3197 constitute a full 50 percent of the Na;,ion's H. Summary to develop. They assert that the best solution poor. The scene in rural America today, then, is 1s investment in community services, par D. Education a mixture of laudable progress and nagging ticularly education, so that rural residents Comparisons of statistics on a nationwide problems. On balance, there is much evi can be equipped with the sk111s they need to basis indicate that rural Americans are reach dence to persuade us that rural areas are migrate out successfully. ing ever higher levels of educational attain no longer in decline. A turnaround seems to Others talk of economic diversification. ment. The upward trend is especially marked be taking place. The problems, though seri They believe that the first priority of any among the young, who are now better ous, are not as overwhelming as they once rural area intent on developing is the attrac schooled than their elders. This gives us were. tion of industries not already represented in the area. some reason to believe that the age-old cycle m. WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE IN RURAL AMERICA of poor education, which in the past afflicted These alternative approaches to rural de most rural Americans regardless of genera The problems I have just discussed wUI velopment 1llustrate the complexity of the tion, is being broken. continue to demand attention until a sus problem even at the level of theory. The Of course, there is room for improvement. tained period of economic growth in rural problem 1s immeasurably more complex at areas is achieved. We should not be deceived the level of practice. The road to self-betterment that education into thinking that Federal programs can represents still has many obstacles for rural make the difference, though of course they 4. Competition for Development students. They achieve less, miss ~chool more may play a valuable, supplementary role. Fourth, we should understand the com and have higher rates of illiteracy than do Consequently, economic growth is the pri petition for development that exists among urban students. Furthermore, the gap in various rural areas. Every small community educational attainment between rural and mary objective. What must we do to make this growth possible? would like to attract new industries and urban students continues to widen. A. Understanding rural America new jobs, but there are only a few hundred E. Health new plants built in the United States every Although it comes as a surprise to many 1. Diversity of Rural America year and there are approximately 14,000 people, national surveys show that rural First, we need to understand rural Ameri groups seeking to locate those plants in their Americans are as healthy as urban Amer ca in all its diversity and its problems in all own preferred areas. their complexity. Rural America is most em icans. It has also been established that, by B. Policy for rural development and large, people in rural regions are satis phatically not a homogenous expanse of land fied with the health care they receive. on which similar people make their living It is a sad fact that Federal, State and lo These facts, howeve·r pleasant they may be, doing similar things. The logging towns of cal governments have not been equal to the should not blind us to the crisis in rural Minnesota, the ranches of Wyoming, the min task of formulating a comprehensive policy health care. Even though rural regions con ing towns of Pennsylvania and the farms of for rural development. Rural development tain a high percentage of America's elderly Indiana are all part of rural America's varied efforts today are fragmented. Responsibllity and poor; 138 rural counties with over 500,- face. We ought to rule out any single pro for the coordination and implementation of 000 inhabitants have no resident doctor; over gram or approach from the start. Federal and State programs often rests with 90 percent of all counties suffering from 2. Lack of Attention to Rural America the governmental unit having the least man power and financial resources: local govern critical health manpower shortages are rural. Second, our attention, the talents of our While Federal programs to attract doctors ment. policymakers and our vast information 1. Federal Polley and other health professionals to rural re gathering systems must be focused on rural gions would help to remedy these problems, America and its problems. This is not to say Even after 40 years of Federal programs to the greatest improvement in rural health that we should ignore other troubled sectors bring adequate housing to rural America care could be accomplished by reducing un of our society, but only that we should give there is still no complete estimate of rural employment and raising incomes in order rural America the priority it deserves and housing needs. As a consequence, there is no to provide better housing, nutrition and sani needs. standard against which policy options can tation. How sorely rural America suffers from this be asesssed, goals can be set, and performance F. Housing lack of attention! I am often visited in my can be monitored. Rural America, always plagued by sub office by able representatives of the Urban The beginnings of a Federal policy are in standard housing, has seen a considerable Coalition, the Urban Institute, the Urban place. In the 1970 farm bill Congress com improvement in housing in the past few League. Where is the Rural Coalition, the mitted itself to "a sound balance between years. It is unclear whether this improve Rural Institute, the Rural League? Almost rural and urban America." Congress declared ment is due in the main to 40 years of Fed daily I either hear of a meeting of persons this balance to be so essential to the pros eral programs, increases in rural incomes, or concerned about the future of cities or read perity of all Americans that it assigned "the the recent migration of more afftuent Amer an article analyzing urban problems and highest priority to the revitalization and de icans from the city to the country. proposing innovative solutions. Seldom do I velopment of rural areas." In support of its In any case, staggering problems remain hear of such meetings or read such articles commitment and declaration Congress passed and the relevant statistics tell a grim tale: about rural America. the Rural Development Act in August of More than 1 million families in rural areas I am impressed by the fact that, in our ex 1972. This act, the most significant legisla are 111-housed; and cessively organized society, so few are orga tion for rural America ever passed by Con Rural areas wiht 25 percent of the Nation's nized to speak for rural Americans in our gress, expressed the intent of Congress to population have 60 percent of its :Jubstand policymaking councils. Farm groups exist, to set specific goals for rural development. How ard housing. be sure, and they are very well organized, ever, it remains for Congress to fulfill its Decent shelter is extremely scarce for mi but their interest is the economic interest of intent through practical programs. grant farm laborers, the rural elderly and the farmer qua producer of a salable com 2. Local Participation lower income groups. modity. Most rural Americans, however, are Local communities also need to do a much G. Community jact.lities and services small town dwellers. They are not organized at all. better job in formulating their own policies Everyone w1ll agree that adequate com and implementing their own programs. They munity facilities and services are necessary 3. Theories of Rural Development must consider every device to encourage pri for the economic well-being of rural residents Third, we need to understand better the vate investment: tax incentives, grants, and the further development of rural areas. theories of rural development. Proponents • loans, guarantees, subsidies and industrial Without such facilities and services as of these theories are in competition with one parks. They must coordinate their actions Water; another, and so far no clear consensus has with Federal and State initiatives, private Waste disposal; emerged from the dispute. groups, institutions and individuals. Strong Fire and police protection; Some argue for the "growth center" as the local participation is indispensable to the Schools; key to development. They believe that by ultimate success of rural development. Health s~rvices; concentrating investment in these centers 3. What Is Missing Recreation; and growth wlll occur and spread. Roads and highways, rural development is Others do not think that concentration of The Federal government has decided that impossible. investment is necessary. They claim that a one CY! the best ways to help rural com Unfortunately, in spite of some progress single plant in a single area may be the best munities is to assist them in providing them rural areas have lagged behind urban areas way to develop. selves Wlith adequate facllities and services. in per capita expenditure for such facilities Some question whether development itself In some cases the facilities and services have and services in every category except the last. 1s necessarily a good thing. They say that given rise to an infrastructure solid enough Among the most pressing problems are rural areas should simply be left to their to support substantial development. In other An estimated 20 to 30 mlllion rural citizens own devices. cases the fac111ties and services have not without adequate waste disposal facilities; Others vigorously espouse development in spurred development, but they have re Grossly neglected means of public trans any way, shape or form. They believe that sulted in a better standard of living in the portation; and rural areas should seek development aid community. The missing element in this A jump in the rate of serious crime that from any source. scheme is a comprehensive policy. With such has not been curtailed by undermanned po Some contend that many rural communi a policy we can do much better than we lice forces. ties must recognize that they cannot expect ~ave done in the past. 3198 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1977 a. Organization for rural development the problems of the cities are closely inter tion Council approached the State Crime It W111.1 do us little good to attack the prob related; Commission and asked for these two op lems of policy for rural development if we That the cities suffer on account of migra tion from impoverished rural areas; erations. The commission agreed to fund continue to neglect the ~oblems of organi through the council a $50,000 grant to zation for rural development. To date, the That the solution to urban problems re organizational problems have been quires the acceleration of rural development; the Georgia Bureau of Investigation A lack of communication; and and, later, an additional $50,000 was Too much duplication of effort; That it is not in the best interest of the added to the grant to complete the oper A lack of professional staff; and Nation to depopulate the countryside and ation. Too many demands on local leadership. overcrowd the cities. There is hope that rural and urban inter A board was formed to oversee and 1. Models oi Organization ests are coalescing. monitor the two operations which in How can such problems be overcome? One There is hope in the recent findings that cluded Council Chairman F. D. Hand, answer is consolddation. Tiny jurisdictions Americans appreciate rural life. Council Executive Director Jim Fough simply do not have the expertise and pro There is hope in the rising tide of concern ner; A TF Federal officials Maurice Floyd fessional skills required to pursue develop for the envir<.~ment. and Bill Slayton; GBI Director Beverly ment successfully, and they are deficient in There is hope because progress has been Ponder, Deputy Director Tom McGreevy their capacity to conceive, plan, design and made. implement policy. Only a larger jurisdiction and Robbie Hamrick; Commissioner A. We are concentrating today on the prob Reginald Eaves and Maj. W. W. Holley can marshall the needed resources. Conse lems, but we should not overlook the pros quently, multi-community and multi-county perous farmers, the progressive small com from the Atlanta Police Department; coalitions must be formed. munities and the vital rural centers of the Jack Mallard, vice chairman of the Or Consolidation of governmental units and Nation. The climate for rural development ganized Crime Council-and Assistant functions, however, is not the only answer. has some favorable winds. We must work to District Attorney from Fulton County Also to be tried are: ensure that they blow steadily and ever more DeKalb County District Attorney Randy Direct services by private firms; forcibly. Peek; Savannah Police Chief David Ep Contractual arrangements between gov ernmental units; stein and Sgt. Marvin Edwards, Sa vannah intelligence; and Chatham Contractual arrangements· between gov ernmental units and private firms; and OPERATION CONTACT-GEORGIA'S County District Attorney Andrew Ryan User fees. "STING" AGAINST CRIME m. Depending on local conditions, any of these The two operations were in progress models of organization may be preferable to for 6 months. It was a joint Federal, consolidation. We should never forget the HON. ELLIOTT H. LEVITAS State, and local effort in which more dd versi ty of rural America. Any orga.nlza tion OF GEORGIA than $1.5 million worth of stolen goods for rural development must be adapted to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and drugs were purchased for about local circumstances. Tuesday, February 1, 1977 $68,000, less than a nickel on the dollar. 2. Simplicity of Organization On the evening of October 4, 1976, Several years ago the Department of Agri Mr. LEVITAS. Mr. Speaker, on Octo some 200 State and local officers fanned culture identifled 25 Federal agencies that ber 5, 1976, Georgia officials revealed out across the metropolitan Atlanta and admlnistered 400 different programs for publicly that law enforcement units had Savannah areas in what Gov. George rural development. What local government, concluded a 6-month undercover anti Busbee said was the most extraordinary With part-time officials and no staff at all, fencing operation in DeKalb County and example of Federal, State, and local law could possibly sort through sucl:\ a tangle? in the cities of Atlanta and Savannah, Greater simplicity of organization for rural enforcement cooperation in his lifetime. resulting in the immediate arrest of 156 Eighty-five individuals were arrested the development is desirable for many reasons. suspects. Too many programs mean too much time first night and warrants issued for 251 spent on paperwork, briefings, correspond Operation Contact, as it was called, was people. While most of the charges in ence and the like, and not enough time spent funded by a $100,000 grant from the Law volved burglary and theft by receiving, on the important business at hand. It goes Enforcement Assistance Administra some 50 drug charges were filed as an Without sayd.ng that there is room for im tion-LEAA-and implemented as the outgrowth of the investigation. provement here. result of a cooperative effort between lo Special agents and police officers 3. Institutional Capacity cal, State, and Federal law enforcement worked for months infiltrating and gain We must beware of too much emphasis on agencies. Operation Contact resulted in ing the confidence of burglars and rural programs and projects. Just as im the recovery of 1,700 items of stolen thieves in both areas prior to opening portant is the need to improve institutional goods and property worth over $1.5 mil the investigation. Officers rented houses capacity to implement the programs and lion. It is anticipated that the project projects that are available. in Atlanta and DeKalb in residential, should eventually result in the issuance high-crime areas and, while posing as Any program or project is only as good of more than 650 warrants and the total as the abildty of the administering agency fences, began buying stolen property to carry it to completion. The rural com arrests of more than 450 individuals. which included television sets, typewrit munity must be able to: This is indeed an example of effective ers, stereos, tape players, automobiles, Learn about the program or project; and coordinated police work, and I trucks, tractors and trailers. In the Sa Respond to it; should like to share with my colleagues vannah operation, a sundries store was Produce a sound application for it; and in the House, an account of what tran opened and attracted such contraband Persevere in efforts to obtain funding for it. spired in Cleorgia. as diamond rings, rifies, fur coats, Such a capacity requires leadership; the • Operation Contact-cooperative Op credit cards, boat motors, and even a single most important ingredient in rural erational Network to Arrest Criminal development. checkwriting machine. Receivers and Thieves-had its begin It is interesting to note that the three 4. Rural Leadershtp ning when agents from the Federal Al The quality of rural leadership is a matter counties targeted in these undercover op cohol, Tobacco, and Firearms--ATF erations account for 41.5 percent of the that should deeply concern those of us in Atlanta office came to the Georgia Or terested in rural development. I do not need larcenies committed statewide and 38.5 to expound the obvious. Suffice it to say that ganized Crime Prevention Council, percent of the burglaries. Operation no matter how perfectly understood the prob chaired by the able DeKalb County Po Contract was an all-out effort to curb lem, nor how well conceived the policy, nor lice Chief, F. D. Hand, and stated that these crimes, and additional coordinated how carefully designed the organization, while attempting to buy weapons, they Federal, State, and local operations will there will be no worthwhile rural develop were offered various kinds of stolen in the very near future be launched ment without good local leadership. goods, and offered the idea of a phony against major organized criminal activity D. Summary fencing operation. The Savannah Police throughout the State. Though. the obstacles to rural development Department also proposed the operation Mr. Speaker, I commend all who had are formidable, there is no reason to be dis of an antifencmg store front operation, a part in Operation Contact. They re couraged. People are beginning to see more similar to the highly successful Washing present the best in law enforcement, and and more clearly ton "Sting." present a shining example for others to That the problems of rural America. and The Georgia Organized Crime Preven- follow. February 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3199 REMOVAL OF EARNINGS LIMITA It is my opinion that since social se when are the few not worthy of the same TION ON SOCIAL SECURITY RE curity benefits are related directly to the just treatment as the many? We should CIPIENTS contributions made by the worker him never forget that those who deserve our self and his employer, it should be a special attention are the minority who matter of right that the employee should are incapable of helping themselves. Jus HON. J. HERBERT BURKE upon reaching a certain age be given tice is intended for all-the many and OF FLORIDA those benefits for which he has labored the few alike. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and for which he anticipates. Unfortu- ' Finally, there is the question of costs. Tuesday, February 1, 1977 nately, this has not been the case. Today There exists a certain amount of evi we are supplementing the income of the dence that the passage of this legislation Mr. BURKE of Florida. Mr. Speaker, prosperous persons who have pensions, would add additional costs to the social today, I am again reintroducing legisla insurance, and investments while we are security system. At present there are men tion which I have previously introduced penalizing the less fortunate who have and women who have had to choose to in the 90th, 91st, 92d, 93d, and 94th Con for one reason or another little or no forego their social security benefits sim gress to eliminate the earnings limita :resources to fall back upon in their lat-er ply because they have been unable to live tion on social security recipients. years. It is this class of men and women without the income derived from their I am hopeful that my dogged de who are forced to work in order to main labors. If they a,re given their due bene termination with respect to this much tain the minimum standard of living. fits through an abolishment of the earn needed legislation will bear fruit in this The denial of these benefits not only cre ings limitation, the costs to the social Congress. My bill is designed to permit ates extra burdens and sources of dis security system will indeed rise. But to America's senior citizens free access to couragement. It also robs the country view these added costs as thought they productive participation in our work of a much needed resource found in the were a mandate for the denial of those force. experience and skills which the elderly benefits is to overlook the basic rights To be sure, there have been token in richly possess. and just claims which the individuals creases in the amount social security Those who oppose the removal of the has to these benefits. These benefits for beneficiaries can earn-the latest in earnings limitation for social security re which he and his employer have paid are crease raising the amount to $3,000. But cipients tend to overlook this basic right. his as a matter of right and should not the amount of injustice and suffering They argue that the basic principle of be subject to some arbitrary and anti still caused by this law is of no pygmy the social security system would be vio quated law or some faceless Federal proportions. Quite the contrary. By the lated by such a removal. They also tend bureaucracy. very fact of qualifying for social security to discount the ill-effects imposed on the For too many years we have placed the benefits, vast numbers of Americans are working man and working women by discriminatory stranglehold of an earn needlessly forced to comply with severe saying that those adversely affected are ings limit on our elderly. In many in restrictions on their individual freedom. only few in number. Finally, they say that stances this has stopped the healthy ini No longer do they have the option to im to remove the earnings limitation would tiative of those still able to offer years of prove their lot through their own labors. add substantially to the costs of the pres productivity. The legislation which I am Rather, many are forced to rely on an ent program. In short, to change the introducing today will allow our elder all too meager social security income. basic intent of the program would be an citizens to help themselves and to keep And this often results in an impoverish expensive way of helping those few who their dignity. ment of their material existence. are adversely affected. Social security should not be looked This grave injustice is compounded by In the first place, it is literally true upon as a supplement to individual re the fact that those who can least afford that the removal of the earnings limita tirement plans-even if those plans to live on their social security income are tion would go against the original pur should include continued work. They the one's most directly affected. The pose of the social security system. When should be treated by the Government as present earnings limit on income applies the social security law was being writ any other private annuity fund that an only to the income received from work ten in the 1930's, the authors wanted it to individual can or has paid into. A signif ing. Other sources of income such as sav be a social insurance system under which icant step in that direction would be the ings, investments, insurance, real estate, workers and their dependents would be removal of the arbitrary limitation im and the like are not similarly restricted. insured against the loss of work income posed upon an individuals earning Regardless of the amount of income re resulting from the worker's death, dis capacity. ceived from these sources, a retiree can ability, or retirement. To this end, the As we begin to move into America's receive his full social security benefit so authors felt it was desirable to be sure third century, let us rethink the role of long as he does not work to earn more a person was retired before he was given the elderly in our society. Let us remove than $3,000 in any 1 year. The net re social security benefits. In other words, that barrier which has for so long ~epa sult of this discriminating policy is to the original intent of the earnings limita rated them from the rest of productive force those who have previously relied tion was to prevent senior citizens from society. Let us start anew and build anew on their working income to adjust to a working and at the same time collect a more vibrant image of our senior citi standard of living lower than what they ing social security payments. zens. If given the opportunity, they can have become accustomed. This rationale was designed to allevi and will play a much more vital role in We must face up to the fact that to ate the employment situation of the De the fulfillment of the American dream. deny a man the opportunity to reap the pression years. It was felt that an early I urge my colleagues in the U.S. E:ouse benefits of his labors is contrary to the retirement of the elderly-given in of Representatives to give careful con most basic principles of the American creased impetus by the guarantee of a sideration to this proposal and to take concept of the individual. To deny bene limited retirement income-would help favorable action on it. fits to a person-benefits for whic_h he to create jobs for the countless unem has worked and to which he should be ployed younger people. However, to con entitled-stifles his initiative and tinue to apply the rationale of the De smothers his desire for self-improve pression era to the problems confronting KOREAN INVESTIGATION ment. This strikes at the very heart of today's elderly is to admit that the pol the freedom of the individual. In addi icy of invoking earnings limitations is tion, it sets up a policy of discrimination. arbitrary and needlessly unfair. It was HON. DAVE STOCKMAN To deny benefits to those whose income designed to accomplish something which OF MICHIGAN comes largely from work is to discrimi is no longer necessary considering the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nate against those who have not man present state of the economy. And it is a Tuesday, February 1, 1977 aged to provide themselves with alterna source of great injustice to our senior tive sources of income. This is a double citizens. Mr. STOCKMAN. Mr. Speaker, allega injustice. And to the extent that it con To argue that the earnings limitations tions of influence-buying by persons tinues, it will deliver to a large segment should not be removed, because it would representing South Korean business in of America's elderly often cruel and un help only the few is to entertain a policy terests and their government have filled necessary hardships. of discrimination and injustice. Since the newspapers for many months now. 3200 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1977 Yet the Congress has failed to display the is one which will not be quenched. And Wilkinson, longtime head of the Na kind of investigatory zeal that a sense it is our responsibility, as the elected tional Oommittee Against Repressive of its responsibilities should dictate. leaders of a nation which holds out to Legislation-NCARL-a Communist Par Public confidence in our institutions is the world the ideals of liberty and justice, ty front, rambled on at length attacking an evanescent but vital part of the sys to lend our support, both now and in the liberals, liberal Democrats, and Demo tem of government that has made this future, to the legitimate aspirations of cratic Congresses since World War II for the greatest Nation in world history. We the Ukrainian people. having supported loyalty oaths under must earn that confidence continually. I am proud to join my colleagues in President Truman, CIA activities under Past efforts at ferreting out abuses will recognizing the 59th anniversary of President Kennedy and the Omnibus be forgotten the moment it appears that Ukrainian Independence Day. Crime Control Act under President J-ohn we are protecting ourselves from bad son. He concluded by denouncing the new publicity or protecting some among our administration which, he asserted, would ranks from the just sanctions of the law. perpetuate the system against dissenters. Deservedly or not, past investigations CONFERENCE AGAINST INTELLI The concluding speaker was Jose Lo into the activities of its Members con GENCE GATHERING-PART ll . pez, who teaches at Northeastern Illinois ducted by this body have given the pub State University and is a founder of the lic the impression that we are more con Rafael Carmen Mimnda High School in cerned with protecting one another than HON. LARRY McDONALD Chicago. Lopez, subpenaed to appear be with doing justice. Now that we are faced OF GEORGIA fore a Federal grand jury investigating with new allegations of misconduct, we IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a FALN bomb factory, attacked the must take the opportunity to show that Tuesday, February 1, 1977 "chilling effect" caused by surveillance we are serious about our investigation, of "community groups." that wrongdoing can find no shelter in Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, the A little more than 200 persons were National Lawyers Guild's National Con present for the morning panel. Henry the Congress. ference Against Government Spying The best way to show our intent, Mr. DiSuvero, founder of the NLG's People's opened its formal session on the evening Law School in Los Angeles and head of Speaker, is to establish a select commit of January 21 with three speakers. Ap tee with a full mandate to conduct a the Greater Watts Legal Services, limited proximately 300 persons who registered his participation to introducing the pan thoroughgoing investigation of all the at $25 each attended the opening. allegations arising out of the activities elists and making grimaces appropriate National Lawyers Guild President Bill to the panelists' more fatuous remarks. of persons acting on behalf of South Goodman introduced the speakers who Korean interests. The first speaker was the aged Richard were Frank J. Donner, Frank Wilkinson, Criley, director of the Chicago Commit and Jose A. Lopez. Frank Donner was tee to Defend the Bill of Rights, a identified as a Communist Party mem ber by three witnesses in testimony before CPUSA front, and founder of the Alli UKRAINIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY congressional investigating committees. ance to End Repression. As I documented He has been counsel to the United Elec previously in my report on the AER on HON. JAMES J. BLANCHARD trical Union which was exPelled from October 1, 1976: the CIO for its CPUSA domination, and • • • As of 1963, Oriley was a member of OF MICHIGAN has long coordinated the Communist the Garfield Club of the Communist Party IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of Illinois. A short time later he dropped his Party's attack on the FBI and local in formal membership in the CPUSA for securi Tuesday, February 1, 1977 telligence-gathering agencies. He also ty reasons. At that time a number of active, Mr. BLANCHARD. Mr. Speaker, Jan heads the ACLU's antisurveillance proj trusted CPUSA cadre operating 1n front orga uary 22 marked the 59th observation of ect. nizations dropped their CPUSA membership Donner provided the usual "historical as a result of the exposure before the Sub Independence Day for the largest and versive Activities Control Board of the Com most populous non-Russian captive na overview" of "local and State red squads." According to Donner, intelli munist Party leadership in a number of tion, Ukraine. fronts. They hoped this technical resigna The period of true independence for gence units, or as he insisted "red tion from the Communist Party would pro Ukraine and its 47 million citizens was squads" were originally designed to dis tect their front organizations from having brief indeed, lasting only from 1918 to rupt the labor movement: The Wob their cases brought before the SACB. blies--Industrial Workers of the World, 1920, when it was ended by the Soviet Next was Ken Lawrence, from Jack Union. From that day to this, Ukrainians and the Molly Maguires-broken by the Pinkerton agency-were mentioned. son, Miss., who stated he had been able have continued an unequal struggle Donner described the World War I and to gather some information about police against Russian domination. 1920's raids on subversives-'.'dissident intelligence operations from such sources While that domination continues to groups"-as having the purpose of in as the annual report of the Mississippi day, the last year has been an eventful timidation and of seizing records and highway patrol, the comprehensive plan one, with the establishment of our com documents. of the State Criminal Justice Planning mission to monitor the human rights Donner stated that the greatest hin Agency, and various LEAA documents provisions of the Helsinki Accords, the derance to local intelligence agency per describing the particulars of its funded freeing of mathematicians Leonid formance was their lack of integration projects. He denounced the Sovereignty Plyushch, and continuing agitation on and coordination. He attacked the use of Commission as a "state level red squad"; behalf of noted historian Valentyn local intelligence unit information by and then blasted the Department of Jus Moroz. Federal agencies, and attacked the tice Civil Rights Division's Community Nevertheless, much remains to be done. LEIU-Law Enforcement Intelligence Relations Service as a "secret spy appa I have joined with other Congressmen Units-as a step in the direction of a rattis" of the Justice Department. Law during recent months in documenting national red squad. Donner further spec rence was particularly disturbed that the shameful treatment of Ukrainian ulated that organized crime intelligence Community Relations Service records women political prisoners, and I intend was a mere "cover" for antisubversive are exempt from disclosure under the to continue speaking out on these mat intelligence; asserted that the police were Freedom of Information Act. ters in the future. To me, the treatment forming coalitions with "right wing Dave Riddle, a Detroit nonlawyer, of persons imprisoned for their political groups"; and ended with the comment stated the NCGS was missing the real beliefs in the U.S.S.R. offers the clearest that "red squad" activities were exam point, that "police repression" and "red possible indication of the extent to which ples of "politics by other means." squads" are "not a legal question, but a that country's policies and aims are ac Donner, in contrast to the second class question-one class opposing an tually changing. Needless to say, the dis speaker, Frank Wilkinson, also an identi other." Riddle urged that "police spying" crepancy with the Soviet leaders' pro fied Communist Party member, has a be fought on the local level by commu testations of friendship is obvious to all. clear intellectual grasp of his task and nity activists using public forums, news Ukraine, Mr. Speaker, has sought its his role; and plainly knows when he was letters, and the like to inform activists freedom for hundreds of years. As we all spouting propaganda and when he is and the people. know, the thust for individual freedom dealing with factual matters. Franklin Siegel, of the NLG national February 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3201 office, gave a languid presentation on the a visit to their omce by an employee of charged that the conference was "elitist" Panther 13 in New York, and on the or the Office of Legislative Oversight of the since only lawyers had been invited to ganizational structure of the New York New York State Assembly which had speak. They felt that "victims of op City Police Department's Special Serv commenced an unauthorized private in pression" should have led the discussions ices Division which were revealed quiry into the activities of my staff re and that the "laWYers must realize that through Handschr against Special Serv searcher, Mrs. Louise Rees, and her hus they are the servants of the people." ices Division. Siegel apparently felt there band, an investigative journalist, who The black caucus demanded that "re was some special significance in the fact have examined and exposed the actions sources"-money, and "technical re that SSD was divided into "desks," but of many terrorist groups and their sup sources"-legal aid-be provided; that did not bother to explain just what that port networks in this country at the risk the money be used to set up similar con was. of their own safety. ferences for blacks only-"the real vic The panel was followed by the in O'Donnell stated that the NLG was in tims of racist oppression"-that the black evitable and unavoidable small group vestigating this Congressman, his staff caucus be responsible for distribution of sessions. Morton Halperin, a roast beef researcher, and her husband in order to any anti-intelligence information to sandwich on a roll, and some potato chips expose an "elaborate network" of intelli black groups; and that the manuals be were featured at lunch which was held gence agencies, conservative groups ~md rewritten for street groups. in the Thorne Auditorium. Some 250 the "corporate infrastructure." As criticism mounted, CNSS's Robert persons attended, and the NCGS orga Ms. O'Donnell continued with her ma. L. Borosage struggled to keep control of nizers ran out of food. chinegun delivery of fantasies and Ian the meeting. Borosage argued that local Halperin's remarks were rather dis Fleming-style speculation for a consider groups should fight their own police in jointed and a rehash of old material, and able time. No questions were permitted, telligence units and that they should not of his old speeches. Halperin tried to because the panel did not wish to hold up unite to form a national coalition against place the blame for the assassination of the proceedings. "Government spying." Borosage urged the CIA Chief of Station, Richard Welch, Richard Soble followed with anecdotes that the local groups instead feed infor in December 1975. He said that once about his Michigan State police suit; and mation into the new Campaign to Stop Welch had been exposed-in "Counter was followed in turn by G. Flint Taylor's Government Spying-CSGS, 201 Mas Spy"-it was the CIA's responsibility to rhetorical account of the alleged murder sachusetts Avenue, NE, Washington, remove him from overseas duty. Halperin of Black Panther Fred Hampton. D.C. 20002 (202/547-4644) which Bora did not charge that ''Counter-Spy's" ac Jerry Berman, of the Center for Na sage and some of his associates at the tions were irresponsible or that the un tional Security Studies, followed, and Institute for Policy Studies, CNSS, known assassin's were terrorist. The con- spoke in support of the National Cam PEPIC, and the ACLU have formed. Al . sensus among the activists present was paign Against Government Spying his though Bososage was supported by his that Halperin was disappointing. group is supporting. Berman was asked associates such as Counter-Spy's Perry However, Ken Tilsen, attorney for the from the floor how the activities of the Fellwock, aka Winslow Peck, who .wore American Indian Movement--AIM-and Information Digest and its publishers his usual rose-colored glasses, the split a leader of the Native American Soli could be stopped. Berman replied that if between the national elitists and the local darity Committee--NASC-provided an the Institute for Policy Studies/CNSS activists was not resolved. Under con energetic account of Wounded Knee and could prove that they and the Informa tinuing pressure, Borosage was forced to other AIM litigation and was by far the tion Digest were actually secretly funded retort: best public speaker at the National Con by a Government agency or agencies, The Campaign to End Government Spy ference Against Government Spying. "then We've got them." But, he lamented, ing did not participate 1n organizing this Only about 175 persons returned for they had been unable to prove any such conference and we should not have to bear the afternoon panel. connection. The meeting adjourned on that rap. Syd Stapleton, of the Socialist Work that note. When Borosage was asked from the ers Party, discussed technical aspects of SUNDAY MEETINGS floor whether, since his CSGS brochure their suit against the FBI. Stapleton Fewer than 100 activists gathered for stated that churches, businessmen's as showed how material that has appeared the final day of the National Conference sociations, and conservative groups were in newspaper stories can be used to get on Government Spying. The reports from also being spied on, the campaign would information from confidential law en the small group workshops generally ex seek support from these groups. He re forcement intelligence files. He cited an pressed the frustration of the nonlawyer plied that there were no plans tt> contact instance in which a Denver newspaper activists with the meeting. The NCGS conservatives. published a story about an FBI inform steering committee was sharply criticized Borosage also announced that the ant, Timothy Redfearn, who also was by the few blacks who attended, women's problem of funding the Campaign to Stop involved in YSA and SWP activities. The liberationists, and radicals oriented to Government Spydng would be discussed SWP used this newspaper a.rticle to argue ward labor and community organizing, at a meeting to take place on February 8, to the judge that the informant and his particularly the Detroit contingent. 1977. He stressed that the GSGS's na activities were not confidential, contrary It was noted that the NCGS steering tional goals were to "end covert opera to the FBI's claim. committee was overwhelmingly white tions abroad, end political spying in the Stapleton said that this incident had and male; and the nonlawYer blacks, United States, and end secret budgets given them the idea of having newspa women, and labor activists wanted it and secret charters of the intelligence pers print information, which then be more than doubled in size so that those agencies." comes part of the general public knowl constituencies would be in the majority. Mr. Speaker, in the face of increasing edge, and then going into court and using They proposed that no new organization international terrorist activities by the newspaper article to gain access to be formed, but that an expanded steering groups which have supporters, contacts, denied information. Stapleton admitted committee develop a detailed report on and agents in our own country, the that twice they had twice provided infor anti-intelligence resources, list all the United St:ttes needs to increase its in mation for New York City newspaper known ongoing intelligence gathering ternal security investigations, not cut articles in order to implement this tactic. agencies and programs, and assemble in them back. Sheila O'Donnell, from the Washing formation on what each local group was We need to reconstitute the House ton, D.C., NLG, using a prepared text, doing to stop them. They further wanted Committee on Internal Security to pro was clearly the conference's "speed" clear and simple anti-intelligence project vide us with continuing information on reading champion. Ms. O'Donnell works models written out for local groups to the extent of the threats posed and to with the guild investigative project use. recommend appropriate control legisla GIG-whose purpose is to investigate the The women's caucus was irritated be tion. We need to strengthen the FBI's in activities of this Congressman in expos cause no feminist speakers had been In .ternal security responsibilities, not ing the terrorist activities supported and vited to the NCGS, because the registra abolish them. And .we need to rebuild the aided by her organization. tion fee was high, and because, shocking CIA which has been shattered and de O'Donnell told her attentive audience at a "movement" gathering, no free day moralized by irresponsible leaks and at that the Guild Investigative Project was care had been provided. tacks. formed in February 1976, as the result of The dozen members of the black caucus In an era when we are under constant 3202 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1977 attack by hostile intelligence agencies, we world demands, the smaller nations stopped ans he served so well. The mayor ex should not be considering further curbs negotiating. tended the same love and devotion to In September, Secretary Kissinger, desper on our own, vitally needed secret services. ate to look like a deal-maker, made a too the people of his city that he extended As former Supreme Court Justice Gold generous offet:: half the ocean floor finders to his own family, and the people re berg remarked: keepers, half for the countries thwt took no turned this devotion by giving him their The Constitution of the United states is risk and had no technology. Instead of that overwhelming support in election after not a "suicide pact." The Nation has the being the final settlement, our public offer election. right and duty to protect itself from acts was just a step in negotiations. My constituent, Harry "The Horse'' of espionage and sabotage and from attempts The third world, as might be expected, Lyons, 3923 N. Tripp, Chicago, has writ to overthrow the Government. made no move toward a treaty and awaited ten a poem in honor and memory of the Carter Administration for an even better offer, which would further subordinate U.S. Mayor Daley, and at this point in the interests to some cartel-minded "interde RECORD I wish to insert his poem: DECEMBER, 1976. STRANGE SEABEDFELLOWS pendence." No sooner were Secretary of State Cyrus REQUIEM FOR A MAYOR Vance's shoes under his desk at the Fudge Oh, He was just a kid from Bridgeport Faotory than it became known that he had Near the Yards across the track HON. TRENT LOTT the answer: Elliot Richardson, a respected OF MISSISSIPPI That grew up to love a City Republican political figure, who would be and the City loved him back. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES able to sell the Senate a treaty that no He could smile and charm your socks off Tuesday, February 1, 1977 Democrat could. and he always drew a crowd But perhaps I underestimate Ambassador but his first love was Chicago Mr. LOTI. Mr. Speaker, I would like Richardson. Perhaps he sees the obvious where they make 'em tough and to take this opportunity to call to the ploy, and will cross up Mr. Carter by being proud. attention of my colleagues a timely arti a negotiator with U.S. interests in freedom of And tho he walked with Presidents and cle by William Satire, which appeared in the sea firmly in mind. Royalty and such, his strength the New York Times on January 27, 1977. First, he should take advantage of the was with the people--it's called third world's scorn 11.t the Kissinger half the common .touch. The article follows: and-half offer, and promptly withdraw it. STRANGE SEABEDFELLOWS Now his City by the Lakefront is his Next, he should urge passage of a bill to Monumental Crown-for that kid (By William Satire) indemnify U.S. companies from losses in that came from Bridgeport •twas WASHINGTON, Jan. 26.-In June of 1963, curred By any treaty the Senate ratifies. ThMi indeed ... his kind of Town. will let U.S. private enterprise hold its nose President Kennedy appointed Henry Cabot HARRY THE HORSE. Lodge of Massachusetts, who had been the and plunge in, in the knowledge that the Republican candidate for Vice President in Government will not cut off its ald. (An 1960, to be Ambassador to South Vietnam. old cartoon comes to mind of a deep-sea This foreclosed "mainstream" Republican op diver's puzzled expression as he hears over position to the way the war was conducted his radio, "Quick, come up, the ship is sink A TRIDUTE TO TOM TEAR until 1967. ing!") This week, President Carter appointed El Then, with active exploration and devel liot Richardson of Massachusetts, who has opment underway, we can listen as other HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL nations come to us with proposals for get served in four Cabinet posts under two Re OF ILLINOIS publlcan Presidents, to be Ambassador and ting in on our projects-perhaps half-and Special Representative of the President for half, as our previous Administration foolishly IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Law of the Sea Conference. suggested, or less, depending on the degree Monday, January 31, 1977 The Presidential intent appears to be sim to which commodity monopolies are being ilar: to avert vigorous discussion of a con used against us. Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker if you will troversial issue by cloaking it in bipartisan Such gumption would be welcome and excuse what I consider to be a justifiable ship and to induce a prominent Republican effective. But Ambassador Richardson will home-State pride, I want to pay tribute to sell a Presidential policy to the treaty be under pressure from a State Department to a native of Rockford, Dl., my friends, ratifying Senate. that quivers deliciously at the anticipation the Minority Chief Page, Tom Tear. I At stake in the Law of the Sea negotiations of giving in; from U.N. Ambassador Andrew is the greatest material treasure known to Young who wants to be liked by third-world am not saying that the kind of excellence man---trillions of dollars in nickel, copper colleagues; and from a President whose he has demonstrated in a very important and other minerals-which lies on the ocean statement yesterday stumbled into a code role can be traced only to the fact that floor in the form of nodules, spongy lumps word trap with his hope that "a treaty may he is an lliinois native-but the known the size of potatoes. To whom does this be successfully negotiated to serve the inter connection between Dlinois and excel treasure belong? ests of all mankind." lence cannot be ignored either. The United States has held that the deep The cal"tel-minded blocs want the seabed As you know, Tom is retiring this seas have always been and are now no man's minerals for "all mankind"; the U.S. should month and I want to take this occasion land, a free and open area in which anyone counter with a defense of free enterprise, from any nation can fish for fish or for free trade, freedom of movement on the high to simply point out that our duties here minerals. seas, and-not least--American national in have been made easier by the devotion Undeveloped and landlocked nations want terests. to duty and the impressive knowledge of to change all that. They argue that the treas The seabed controversy, which has yet to the House and its ways that have marked ure belongs to "all mankind"-a U.N. phrase surface as a political issue, could turn out Tom Tear'.s performance for many years. that has come to be the code words for every to be Carter's Helsinki. One hopes that El We all know that the pages do their job nation but the U.S.-and that the tradition liot Richardson, who once resibned a post so well that quite often we are scarcely of finders-keepers by risk-taking explorers on a point of honor, would resign again be and entrepreneurs is now over. aware that they are here. No higher trib fore letting himself be used as the Republi to The United States has the technology, as can cover for a Democratic Administration's ute could be paid their skill and their well as an economic system powered by the giveaway. training. Tom Tear, the Minority Chief much-abused profit motive, to go after these Page, has consistently aided those of us minerals now. The third world which has who are temporarily in the minority and neither, wants the U.S. to do the exploration REQUIEM FOR A MAYOR has done so in an efiicient, unobtrusive for a fee and to turn the profits over to a manner. U.N. corporation, which would be a super OPEC dominated by the African-Arab bloc. From time to time, it is good for all of Other items being negotiated are impor HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO us to be reminded that our work de tant, too. For example. some nations are OF ILLINOIS pends not on one Congressman, or on one claiming sovereignty 200 miles out to sea, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES faction or even on one party, but on a which could restrict passage through the concerted effort of Congressmen, staff Straits of Gibraltar and o:( Malacca, as well as Tuesday, February 1, 1977 and House personnel. Everyone helps in make difficult U.S. overflights to help allies Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, Chi the passage of legislation, and not least in trouble. But the crux of the matter is economic. cago's late beloved mayor, Honorable among those who help are the pages who, Last summer, as Democratic nominee Richard J. Daley, left our town with a one might say, provide the lubrication Jimmy Carter began making noises about legacy ot greatness, and he will never be needed by the great machinery of this how we should be more forthcoming to third- forgotten by the generation of Chicago- House. February 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3203 To Tom Tear, then, I say thanks. We "Uhhh, It depends on how you define re dollars by ciosing these special favor loop will miss him and I wish him the very pression," he replies. holes without making any changes in the best in the future. Well, I respond, how about the Organiza tax rate on the ordinary man or woman. tion of American States' (OAS's) Fifth Re This in turn is important because we port of the Inter-American Commission on should spend more money, not less, through Human Rights on the Status of Human the Federal Government on social welfare CASTRO'S FAIR-HAIRED BOY Rights in Cuba., issued in May of last year purposes such as meaningful jobs on useful the one that says that, in the 10 to 20 con public works for the unemployed, or for centration camps in each Cuban province, those who may lose their jobs if we reduce HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK thousands of Cuban political prisoners are our swollen expenditures for war materials being victimized by torture, lack of food and not only here but for other oountries as well. oF omo medical attention, forced labor, solitary con These public works would include more slum IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES finement for long periods and degrading clearance and urban renewal provided it is conditions? Tuesday, February 1, 1977 accompanied by more public low rent hous What about the special chapter in this re ing, better environmental protection, more Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, while port which says female prisoners have suf funds for stricter enforcement of our civil political prisoners are rotting in Cuban fered "extremely humiliating treatment de rights laws, more Federal financial aid to signed to break down their moral resistance education, and more money for food stamps jails, at least one American, Kirby Jones, and to degrade their dignity as women."? is doing what he can to help Castro make to help improve the diet of the poor, and at What about this, would this be repression? less cost instead of for a. higher price as contacts among the American business Well, "I'm not involved in that, this is not President Ford proposes. community. In a recent column John D. my area," Jones says. "It's not my job tore Particularly we need free hospital and Lofton, Jr., writes that Jones seems to spond to this. I'm not a spokesman for the medical care for everyone though a. system of view Castro's regime as less than repres Cuban government, or Fidel Castro's press aide." nrational health insurance that would treat sive. When Lofton asked Jones if Cas good medical and hospital care as a. right It's just too bad Kirby Jones didn't drop by for us ap, just as a. chance to go to school tro's regime is repressive, Jones an the prison for women in Ga.unaja.y. If he had, swered, "Uhhh, it depends on how you he might have learned about the death of is a right for everyone. All of these are ex define 'repression'." amples of valuable use of additional Federal Lydia. Perez Leon, who died in childbirth be funds than can be gotten by closing the loop The political prisoners in the prisons cause she was refused proper medica.l care. holes. throughout the island could tell Jones The OAS report says her husband, a. pris Here are some of the loopholes:- what repression is. The hundreds of oner elsewhere, hanged himself when he learned of the death of his wife and son. But, 1. The most glaring is the 22% % oil deple thousands of Cuban refugees who have Jones tells me: tion allowance. If an ordinary person in escaped from Castro's island could tell "It's no big trick to see political prisoners vests in equipment that is likely to last for Jones what repression is. When Jones in Cuba. A friend of mine went down and ten years, for example, before needing re worked for Senator McGovERN he did filmed interviews with them. But so what?" placement, he can take 10% off his income not seem to have trouble identifying our Jones' friend ought to tell the OAS his se from the investment as a. non-cash deduc allies in Southeast Asia as repressive. cret because for 16 years this organization has tion from his income tax base before figuring tried to get Fidel Castro to respond to the his tax. But after ten years when the· orig At this point I include in the CONGRES inal investment has been recouped in his SIONAL RECORD John Lofton's recent COl reports coming out of his prisons. Thus far, however, Castro has neither acknowledged way, he can no longer do that. Yet, a.n in umn entitled "Front Man for Fidel": nor answered any of these allegations. vestor, corporate or individual, In a.n oil well FRONT MAN FOR FIDEL Footnote: Jones says the internal policies can take 22% % off his income each yea.r and (By John D. Lofton, Jr.) of Cuba. are irrelevant to his work setting can continue doing so even after the entire up contracts between U.S. business and the cost of his original investment has been re Kirby Jones is the kind of guy who gives turned, as long as the oil well continues to capitalism a. bad name. Castro government. produce. In fia.gra.nt disregard of the U.S. trade em But when I ask him if he'd arrange trips between U.S. businessmen and representa This is justified-falsely-on the ground bargo, which has been in effect against Cuba. that "wildcatting," sinking oil wels In the since 1962, Jones is acting as a. go-between tives of the governments of South Africa. or Chile, he refuses to answer the question, say hope that they might pay off, resulted some for U.S. business and the Castro government, ten years ago in nearly nine dry holes out of according to Havana sources of the commu ing it's hypothetica.l and he'd "have to think about it." ten. But they have now developed sonar nist newspaper, Dally World. techniques for sounding out whether there Jones "is making it possible for U.S. busi are the sort of rock or shale formations be nessmen to travel to Cuba.," writes the na low ·the surface which are likely to be oil tional financial weekly, Barron's, "despite CLOSE THE TAX LOOPHOLES FOR bearing, so that "wildcatting" is no longer their inability to obtain passports or spend THE RICH that, but "tame pussycatting." Nearly one money because of the U.S. boycott. Jones half of the wells sunk are productive. This arranges for the visitors to be guests of the loophole has been repealed for big oil com Cuban government, thus eliminating the HON. MORRIS K. UDALL panies but not for small ones. need to spend money." OF ARIZONA For his services, Jones, naturally, gets a. 2. There is a. very important tax shelter IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES furnished by municipal bonds, the Interest nice fat consulting fee. on which is entirely free from Federal and Interestingly, Jones once worked for Sen. Tuesday, February 1, 1977 George McGovern where, among other things, State income taxes. It might be that a.n at he used to crank out smoking press releases Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, for many tempt to tax such interest on bonds already denouncing the United States for propping years Congress has been wrestling with being held would be held unconstitutional. I up the "corrupt, repressive" regime of Viet the problem of creating an equitable tax believe this is by no means certain. The Fed nam's president, Nguyen Van Thieu. eral Government is not supposed to tax agen system for all Americans. A variety of cies of the state and local governments. But NERVOUS LITI'LE LAUGH ideas have been discussed and some have in imposing a.n income tax on people receiv How does Jones rationalize his present been accepted, while many others have ing interest from state and local government role in encouraging economic trade with the been rejected. bonds, as well as from ·other bonds, it is corrupt, repressive Castro regime? An interesting essay on some of these taxing people, not state or local government Not very well. problems has been sent to me and I be agencies. "You know, that's a. ... I can't answer Even if tt were held to be unconstitutional that question," he tells me with a. nervous lieve the points it makes are worth shar to tax the interest on such bonds already is little laugh. ''All I can tell you 1s that I'm ing with my colleagues. Therefore, I sued, there is no reason why the interest on responding to the desires of American busi would like to enter into the RECORD at municipal bonds, issued or bought after the nessmen to trade." this point an essay entitled "Close the enactment of a. new law, should not be sub But isn't it true you a.pproa.ched David Tax Loopholes for the Rich," by Mr. ject to tax like any other interest. Thus, this Hopkins, a. senior vice president of the I. S. Alfred Lewis, a resident of Riverside, tax shelter could and should be gradually Joseph Co. in Minneapolis, Minn., and sug Conn.: phased out. gested he go to Cuba. to explore business op 3. Then there is the 10% investment tax portunities there? I ask. CLOSE THE TAX LOOPHOLES FOR THE RICH credit to favor the rich. If a.n individual or This is correct Jones admits, but he says Our Federal tax system is full of loopholes corporation 1s rich and successful enough to the majority of his clients approach him. unjustly favoring the rich and the owners of make a. new investment out of savings or Who these others are, he refuses to say. stocks and bonds. So many and important undistributed profits, they can take 10% of But what about the Castro regime, isn't are they that it is estimated that the Federal the cost of it o1f their income or profits tax it repressive? I ask. Government could raise seventy seven billion base. They are richer by the new investment 3204 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Feb'ruary 1, 1977 but pay less tax. This is jUstified-also 9. The reduced tax on capital gains is also years, died just before midnight Sunday falsely--on the ground that new investment a favor to the rich. The top tax rate on such night at New York University Hospital. He means more jobs. That may have been true gains is now 33 percent, recently raised from was 73 years old. some years ago when new investment usually 25 percent. Furthermore, the capital gains According to the hospital, where he was meant a new factory or other productive tax is eliminated entirely on property held admitted on Dec. 13, the cause of death was equipment, or an addition to existing pro untU death. Thus, if a decendent has bought cancer of the colon. duction facUlties, and it did require more property for X dollars some years ago and One of New York's most famous restau workers to operate the new faciUty. it 1s worth at death 4X dollars, for example, rant owners after havll!g been a bouncer, But today new investment is far more his heirs pay only the succession, or estate greeter and manager earlier in his career, likely to take the form of automated equip tax; there is no tax on the capital gain of Mr. Shor has been credited with originat ment, and automation reduces jobs, does not ax dollars. ing the saying, "I don't want to be a mil create new ones. For automation consists of A very informative book on this whole sub lionaire, I just want to live like one." Pros machines directing and controlling other ject of unjust taxes is Philip M. Stern's "The perous or not, he did live like one in the machines. Rape of the Taxpayer." company of politicians, athletes, actors, en 4. Then there is what I call tip-tUted de· While the Federal Government's tax sys tertainers, authors, business executives and preciation allowance, the technical name, I tem is full of loopholes favoring the rich, it is newsmen. believe, is declining balance depreciation al still better than the state and local govern "I think I got the best joint in America," lowance. If a person invests, say, in an apart ment tax systems. he once said of his restaurant. "Because ment buUding which is likely to last for 25 The states raise most of their money by to me, New York"is America." years, he can take 4% depreciation each year sales taxes. A sales tax bears much more Since 1940, there have been several "Toots off his income tax base. Under the declining heavily in proportion on the poor than on Shor's" restaurants-at 51 West 51st Street, balance depreciation scheme he can start by the rich. Nearly every dollar spent by a poor 33 West 52d Street and 5 East 54th Street. taking 8% depreciation; then a little less person 1s hit with a. sales tax. But many ex Those three, which he owned, are all closed. each year untU in the last year the depre penditures typical of rich people totally The four restaurants in New York that now ciation he can take is only a small amount. escape a sales tax. These include expendi bear his name are owned by the National In the middle of the 25 year period he would tures for domestic service, for trips abroad, Restaurant Management chain. be getting the average amount of deprecia and for investments. They may be half or They are situated a.t 233 West 33d Street, 41 East 43d Street, 64 West 52d Street and tion, namely 4%. more than half the expenditures of a rich But when he, or it, if a corporation, reaches family. 253 Broadway-the last one having opened the average amount, he can then sell his The cities, towns, and counties raise most just last Wednesday night. Mr. Shor made property to someone else, or just exchange of their money by taxes on real estate. This no investment in those restaurants, but was hits the tenants a.s well as the homeowner, under contract and received a salary from properties, and then the advanced rate of the chain, according to Arthur Riback, a depreciation begins all over again. for the landlord includes in the rent the 5. Depreciation is available to the owners money to pay the tax. Also, ownership of real vice president of the company. of property getting property income. It is not estate is a. very inaccurate measure of a per "I sell food and whisky, but I'm no res available to those getting service income in son's wealth. For most of the wealth of rich taurateur," he once said. "I'm a saloon the form of wages or salaries. But the income persons is held in the form of stocks and keeper, Tootsie the pretty Jew." of a professional football player or boxer, or bonds; which are called intangible personal For many years, his restaurant was a tour of a female model, will obviously last for only property and are not reached by the local ist attraction because Frank Sinatra or Joe a few years, despite the durability of Hank governments' tax on real estate and tangible DiMaggio or Jackie Gleason was often there. Aaron. Yet individuals cannot take a de personal property. In his noisy way, Mr. Shor emerged as a That is why revenue sharing of money celebrity himself, moving from table to table preciation for their fading ab111ty to earn with an old-fashioned glass of Monnet money by physical prowess or beauty. raised by the Federal Government, with the states, cities and towns is reasonable and a brandy and soda. Occasionally he drank bull 6. The oU com;>anies which derive Income shots-vodka with beef boulllon. from foreign, mainly Arab, oil sources, have gain in social justice. However, the money so provided by the Federal Government to local "Drinkin'-that's my way of pra.yln'," he to pay royalties to the governmental owners once philosophized. of the oil. This should properly, like any government bodies should not be in block grants with no strings attached as is the In his role as host, he often had a.s many other expense, be deducted from their In as two dozen drinks from the time he arrived come, and would be advantageous to the ex case at present. It should be granted for spe cific social welfare purposes such as for more at his restarua.nt in the late morning until tent of the corporate profit tax of 47 percent. the early morning hours of the following day. But instead, they are allowed to deduct such nearly adequate ·welfare relief particularly for the aged and the mothers with young Whatever he started drinking at lunch he royalty payments in full from their tax due continued to order until he returned to his to the U.S. on the ground that is a tax paid children, more educational fa.cUities, better equipped hospitals, health care centers and 12-room duplex apartment at 480 Park Ave to a foreign country, not just a royalty. So nue where he lived for many years with his they profit by 100 percent of the royalty paid, nursing homes for the aged, and more low rent and moderate rent housing to make it wife, Mario, known as "Baby,'' and-when not by 47 percent. they were younger-their three children. In 7. An extremely unjust situation favoring possible to push further on slum clearance and urban renewal without leaving those recent years he and his wife Uved at the the rich exists regarding social security pay Drake Hotel. ments. If a person getting social security, as whose homes are torn down because they are substandard with no place to live except by "I'm always ready to go the next morning,'' I do, earns money, they can do this up to paying exorbitant rents. he often said. "I've never had a. hangover. I $2,100 a year without deduction of social se think it's because I don't smoke.•• curity receipts. Thereafter, if they are be When a midnight curfew was imposed on tween the ages of 65 and 72, they are taxed TOOTS SHOR nightclubs, bars and restaurants during at 50 percent of their earnings in that they World War II, he reacted With patriotism, lose one dollar of social security for every and with realism. two dollars earned. Thus, if they earn $3,100 "Any bum who can't get drunk by mid a year, they get net only $500 of the extra HON. JOHN M. MURPHY OF NEW YORK night," he proclaimed, "ain't tryin'." $1,000 earned. Big and brash a.t 6 feet 21nches and usually This is bad enough. You can imagine the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 250 pounds, he thrived on insulting his fa howl of anguish that would go up if the in Tuesday, February 1, 1977 mous customers, using words such as "bum," come tax began to bite a.t 50 percent of all "crumb," "creep" and "crumb-bum" but al income above $2,100. But that is not the Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr. ways with endearment, always with meaning. worst of it. A wealthy person can get tens of Speaker, yesterday's CONGRESSIONAL REC "With me," he once said, "a bum 1s some thousands ot dollars from interest and divi ORD included a brief account of the one who remembers where he came from, who dends without a penny reduction in his or eulogies for our departed friend, Toots knows who he is. With me, a bum 1s a good her social security receipts. I know, because guy, a. pal." I a.m in that situation. It is completely Shor, but by an error in the submission of my text, a fuller account of his life And his famous friends always accepted his unjust. jovial insults with gratitude, as if they were 8. Then there is the income tax shelter, as printed in the New York Times was being knighted by him. available for rich persons operating a so omitted. I wish to correct that error of "If he doesn't insult you, he doesn't love called "gentleman's farm," in connection omission today with the insertion of you," Pat O'Bren, the actor, once said. "And with their country estate. They can take a that text. Perhaps it was meant to be if he doesn't love you, then you have missed deduction of loss on the "farm" from their this way. Toots' life was always a little a. chunk of life." incomes from other sources. The ms has bit disjointed, but even now, he has the Mr. Shor was the subject of a. three-part wisely said that they can only do that if they last word: profile in The New Yorker magazine in 1950, get a. profit from the farm at least one year entitled "Toots's World." The author John out of five. Otherwise the "farm" is clearly TOOTS SHOR, "SALOONKEEPER, AND HOST, Is Bainbridge, later turned the series into a DEAD AT 73 not a business operation but a hobby. book. Twenty years later, Mr. Shor was the But they can earn--or report--in one of (By Dave Anderson) subject of another biography, "Toots," writ the five years $1,000 of profit, and take losses Bernard (Toots) Shor, a confidante of ten by Bob Considine, the Hearst columnist. of $10,000 a year in each of the other four celebrities as a. boisterous but sentimental "I spent 30 years on Toots, and Gibbon years. New York "saloonkeeper" for more than 35 only spent 20 on "The Decline and Fall of the February 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3205
Roman Empire,'" Mr. Considine says. "There UNIMPRESSED BY THE FAMOUS impression that he was uneducated, but he must be a lesson there somewhere." Mr. Shor liked to say, "Friends are better attended Drexel Institute and the Wharton At the time, Toots was in decline too. In than money." And 1f his friends needed School of Business at Penn University be 1971, his 52d Street restaurant was padlocked money, he often loaned it to them. fore becoming a traveling salesman of shirts for nonpayment of $269,516 in Federal. state "When I loan a guy something, it's out of and underwear. But in 1930, he moved to and city taxes. Confidently, he announced, my mind," he once said. "I don't think I've New York where he was a bouncer at the "I'll be open in three weeks." But it was 18 ever been cheated. What the hell, 1f I have Five O'Clock Club-his introduction to celeb months before the 54th Street restaurant not got it back, it's st111 owed to me." ll'Lties. opened. What Mr. Shor allegedly owed others be Soon he moved to the Napoleon Club, then NAMATH NEVER WENT BACX came the subject of a libel suit that he to Billy LaHoff's, the Ball and Chain, the Some of Mr. Shor's tax problems are still brought against Sherman Billingsley, a long Malson Royale and Leon and Eddie's, all pending, according to Mr. Riback of the time rival who owned the Stork Club. nightspots of another era. restaurant concern, who said that until the "I wish I had as much money as he owes," "I was learning how to live," he said. "I Mr. Billingsley said on television in 1955, learned how important it was to be a time of his death Mr. Shor was continuing to spender, to buy a drink for people. There pay for his tax debts. leading a judge to rule that slander on tele By the time Mr. Shor temporarily re vision was the same as published libel, in an are savers and there are spenders. I don't opened his place on 54th Street, much of out-of-court agreement, Mr. Billingsley hang around with savers." his clientele had drifted away. Many died. agreed to pay $48,500 for the comment and He was a big gambler then. During the had to provide an apology in writing. 1936 baseball season, he was understood to Many moved to the suburbs. Many preferred have won $60,000 betting on the Giants but to gather in night spots closer to the new Mr. Shor tipped big, as much as $20 to a Madison Square Garden, whereas the old limousine driver. he lost it when they lost the World Series. Garden had been only a few blocks away. "I don't overtip," he said. "It's impossible LOST WITHOUT HIS SALOON And many younger people preferred the live to overtip." In 1959, he sold the lease to his original Her East Side bars. When he wasn't in his restaurant, he usu restaurant for a reported $1.5 million. The "All he ever talked about was Joe DiMaggio ally was at sports events. He was devoted to next year, he opened the 52d street restau and Mickey Mantle and Charlie Conerly, as the baseball Giants before Horace Stoneham, rant with the same decor-a circular bar, 1f nobody now knew how to play football or the Giants' owner who was a frequent cus wood-and-brick panelling, oak-plank floors. baseball," a friend recalls. "He lived in the tomer, moved the team to San Francisco But his camaraderie proved to be stronger past." after the 1957 season. Once, when the Giants than his business acumen. After the tax Joe Namath, the New York ~ts· quarter were on a losing streak, he shook his head agents padlocked the door, he was a lost soul, back, never returned to Mr. Shor's restaurant in confusion. drinking in Jimmy Weston's or Duncan's, after havlng been lnsul ted by htm several "I been thinkin' lately," he said. "I'm alone or with his wife, a saloonkeeper with years ago. raisin' my kids to be Giants fans. I don't out a saloon. Not everybody appreciated Mr. Shor's hu know if I'm doin' the right thing." "I'll get square," he kept saying. "I'll get mor. Many years ago, Louis B. Mayer, of In a showdown, Mr. Shor always preferred square, my family will get square, my friends Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, had to walt 15 min to socialize With one of his pals rather than will get square, the whole world will get utes before being seated for dinner. a stranger, no matter how famous. Once he square." "I hope we'll find that the food has been was sitting with Sir Alexander Fleming, the When he opened his East 54th Street res worth the walt," the motion-picture producer discover of penicillin, when he was told that taurant, many of his pals returned, but not said. Mel Ott, who had hit the 500th home run of as regularly as they once did. No longer was "It'll be better," Mr. Shor retorted, "than his Giant career that day, had a..rrived. the' restaurant the attraction lt once had some of your pictures I've waited in line to "Excuse me, Sir Fleming," said Toots, "but been. The decor was the same, but the at see." somebody important just came in." mosphere was not. Typically, for all the Mr. Mayer never returned to the restau He always was prominent at the World celebrities who had been his customers, there rant. Series, the big football games, the big fights never were any pictures of them on the walls In his brusque manner, Mr. Shor some and the big horseraces. For many years, he of Mr. Shor's restaurants. times alienated strangers. Once, when two attended most of the afternoon weekday "I'm an emotional guy," Toots explained. customers complained about having to walt games at the Polo Grounds and Yankee Sta "H there are pictures hanging of friends to be seated, he glared at them. dium. He had season tickets, which he cited who had died, it wouldn't work." "Who sent for you?" he snapped. as a business expense on his income-tax re At one of the many dinners in his honor For better or worse, Mr. Shor stirred an turns. through the years, Toots Shor perhaps best emotional reaction among people. They either "Going to the ball game, that's pleasure, summed up his reign as a saloonkeeper. loved him or loathed him. isn't it?" a Federal tax auditor asked him. "It's been Uke New Year's Eve every night "I'd rather be standing outside Shor's "Did you ever have to watch the St. Louis all these years," he said. "Except when some starving." Joe E. Lewis, the comedian, once Browns three days in a row?" Mr. Shor re wonderful pal has gone away." said, "than inside Ciro's belching." plied. Public viewing of the body will be today at But Mr. Shor didn't pretend to be every The deduction was allowed, without Mr. the Frank E. Campbell funeral home at 1076 body's friend. Shor even mentioning his political friend Madison Avenue. The hours are from 3 P.M. I'm not like wm Rogers," he once said. ships. He knew several Presidents, and Harry to 5 P.M. and from 7 P.M. to 9 P.M. The fam "I've met plenty of guys I didn't like. I don't Truman was his favorite. After a White ily asked that in lieu of flowers contributions mean hate guys. I don't understand hate. You House lunch once With President Roosevelt, be sent to the American Cancer Society. can dislike a man, but not hate him. But 1f I he was asked what serious issues they had Funeral services will be held tomorrow at don't like a guy, I wouldn't do nothin' for discussed. 10:30 A.M. in Temple Emanu-El. him. If I like him, there's nothin' I wouldn't "I kept eating the cake," he said. "It was On Thursday, at 2:30 P.M., a tribute to do. I ain't braggin' but I got something. damned good cake. I wish I could get the Mr. Shor wilt be held in the newest restau Maybe it's how to be a friend." recipe for my joint." rant to bear his name-at 253 Broadway, near For all his bluster, his sentimental attach Mr. Shor never pretended to be a devotee City Hall. Lew Rudin, the chairman of the ment to his friends was sincere. of the cultural arts, although he occasion Association for a Better New York, is ex "When I see a friend I haven't seen for a ally attended them. After the intermission in pected to announce the establishment of a few moments, we kiss each other. My son, "Hamlet" once, 'he said: scholarship in Mr. Shor's name. Rory, kisses me each morning and night," "I bet I'm the only bum i+t the joint who's Mr. Riback said that an annual scholar he said when his only son was a boy, "It's all going back just to see how it comes out." ship of $5,000 would be presented to a jour right for men to show affection. No one's nalism student chosen by the New York Another time, at a concert, Mr. Shor was· Press Club. It was decided to offer the prize going to think I'm a fairy." annoyed when Leopold Stokowski took At funerals, he invariably burst into tears. in journalism, Mr. Riback said, "because several bows during the performance. Toots was the greatest public relations man "You can make Toots cry with card tricks," "Look at that creep," Mr. Shor told a that ever existed." the comedian Rags Ragland, once said. companion. "I saw Carl Hubbell pitch a no Mr. Shor used "class" as a barometer for hitter and he didn't take bows. Let's leave his friends. at the half." "Class is when a guy does everything de The son of a German immigrant father of cent," he once said. "One time Larry Mac WE SHOULD· RECOGNIZE BOTH Austrian descent and a Russian immigrant CHINA AND TAIWAN Phail, when he owned the Yankees, wasn't mother, he was born May 6, 1903, in Phila speaking to me but for the World Series that delphia, and his speech was characterized by year, he made sure I had my usual allotment the fiat nasal accent of that area.. As a. boy, HON. PAUL SIMON of tickets anyway. That's class." he and his two older sisters lived above the With hls friends, he was unfailingly gen family candy store. When he was 15, his OF ILLINOIS erous. mother was killed by an automobile as she IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "When I was out of action one time," Paul sa.t on the stoop of their home. His father, Tuesday, February 1, 1977 Douglas, the actor, once said, "I went siX broken-hearted, committed suicide five months Without paying a tab in Toots' joint. years later. Mr. SIMON. Mr. Speaker, the Wash And I never got a bUl untU I asked for lt."' In later years, Mr. Shor enjoyed giving the ington Post recently published an article 3206 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1977 called "The Case for Not Recognizing have considerable freedom to travel abroad team consisted of nine men and two Peking" written by C. Martin Wilbur, where they can arrange visas. Many Ameri women. who is identified as a professor emeritus can students study in Taiwan whlle numer ous Chinese from there study in American CBS Sports covered the climb with a of Chinese history at Columbia Univer- colleges and universities. Scholars and scien six-man film crew to record the event. sity. ' tists from both countries collaborate in Directing the film. team was Mike Hoover, It touches on a policy area and suggests many research projects. Contrast these situa an experienced mountaineer and cine something that I think is basically sound. tions with conditions on the Chinese main matographer. Ed Goren, a CBS Sports It makes sense to recognize the Gov land, a. virtually closed world even for those producer, accompanied the climbers to ernment that exists on the mainland of countries that recognized the People's Re the Khumbu Icefall, which is the most China. But I do not believe it makes publlc 25 years ago. treacherous part of the climb. The United States has assisted the Repub sense to turn our back on the Govern lic of China. mllitarily, with training and I was pleased to present, on behalf of ment of Taiwan. There is neither historic equipment for its navy, air force, and army. President Gerald Ford, the President's justification for such a move, nor a de Because of this program, the defense of the Sports Award from the President's Coun fense or economic justification for such island by Chinese forces depends upon ac cil on Physical Fitness to the American a move. cess to replacement of parts and updating of Bicentennial Everest Expedition for their Such a posture-of recognizing both American equipment. Suppose we abrogate dedication and determination. Governments--is not satisfactory either our defense treaty with the Republic o! In announcing the television special, to the Government on Taiwan or to the China. Would the U.S. government or Ameri can manufacturers then be in a position to Mr. Barry Frank, vice president, CBB Government on the mainland of China. provide spare parts for the defense forces Sports, said: But it is a policy that makes sense and it of a. province of China? Suppose Peking for CBS Sports realized that this was a perilous is a policy that should be pursued by this bade it and declared a blockade of Taiwan. climb and a television gamble, but we recog Nation quietly but firmly. We should be The real situation facing the United States nized the courage and faith of this group of ready to work with the Governments of is that there are two Chinese governments, intelligent explorers. We feel this climb 1s a both Taiwan and China and I hope that each controlling large territories and govern reaffirmation of the toughness, determination under Secretary Cyrus Vance such a ing effectively. Each cla.hns to be the gov and the spirit of adventure that character policy will be pursued by our leaders. ernment of all China, but this is a fiction ized early America which is the kind of bi that the United States need not involve it centennial tribute CBS Sports is proud to The article follows: self in. Better for the present to seek a for bring to its viewers. THE CASE FOR NOT RECOGNIZING PEKING mula for recognition of each as the govern (By C. Martin Wilbur) ment of the territory it controls. Said Phil Trimble the team's leader: Many persuasive arguments are advanced Let the Carter administration explore As opposed to the other Everest expeditioruJ, in favor of speedy normalization of U.S. rela quietly whether the rival contestants will this one was mounted in a very, very short tions with the People's Republic of China, accept a different arrangement for Ameri time. The biggest difference is the way the yet there are equally strong "arguments why can relations with a. divided China, group was formed and the people in it. We this should not be done under Peking's three leaving aside questions of legitimacy and started with a group that had climbed to conditions, namely that the United States sovereignty. There is much that the People's gether in various areas of the world, but abrogate its security treaty with the Re Republic would gain from improved rela who were not the strongest national team public of China, remove all troops from Tat tions short of American tra.nsferrence of rec in climbing abllity. The group evolved with wan, and withdraw recognition from the gov ognition from Taipei to Peking: the possi out a formal selection process. and the ernment of the Republic of China.. b111ties of a commercial treaty, most-favored expedition didn't go through a lot of "hoopla" With new administrations taking shape in nation treatment, transfer of advanced tech about announcing plans and receiving appll both countries, is it possible that quiet nology, and possibly some settlement of prop cations. erty claims. If such exploration fails because diplomacy can find a way around this dilem Trimble added people who brought ma? the new Peking leadership insists upon its What would be the probable consequences preconditions for recognition, then the u.s. necessary strengths to the party. Thus. of abrogating our security treaty with an ally government can explain to the American peo the group, as a whole, has more high and transferring recognition from the gov ple that an earnest effort was made to im altitude climbing experience than the ernment in Taipei to the government in prove relations with the People's Republic o! 1963 American expedition. In addition Peking? At the least it would call into ques China but again foundered over issues of to Trimble, who heads the legal staff of tion America's commitment to the defense principle that neither side would compro the Economic Affairs Section of the U.S. of Japan, South Korea. and our allies in West mise. No diplomatic impasse need last for ever. State Department in Washington, D.C., ern Europe and the steadfastness of our sup there were Arlene Blum, a biochemist port for Israel. Even more serious is the moral issue-the U.S. government's bargaining the on the faculty of Stanford University continued security e.nd economic prosperity REPRESENTATIVE JOHN M. MUR Medical School in Palo Alto, Calif.; Bar of 16 million Chinese who, by enormous ef PHY OF NEW YORK SALUTE TO bara Roach, a modern dance teacher and fort and with American help a.nd encourage CBS SPORTS COVERAGE OF THE performer in Boulder, Colo. and her hus ment have established a viable state and a band, Gerry, a computer scientist and thriving economy. AMERICAN BICENTENNIAL EVER EST EXPEDITION'S ASSAULT professional photographer; Chris Chan Recognition of the government in Peking dler, a Seattle doctor specializing in as the government of all China. must imply acceptance of the position that Taiwan is a. emergency medicine; Hans Bruyntjes a province under the authority of that gov HON. JOHN M. MURPHY Dutch chemist; Dan Emmett, coowrier ernment; it must imply that laws and regu OF NEW YORK of a diversified real estate firm in Los lations of that government prevall in au IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Angeles; Frank Morgan, an international matters pertaining its provinces. After to Tuesday, February 1, 1977 laWYer practicing in Indonesia; Rick recognition, could our government sanction, Ridgeway, a freelance writer; Robert let alone support, U.S. business activities Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr. Cormack, a glider tow pilot; and Dee and investments in Taiwan that were not Speaker, I am ' sure many of my col Crouch, a staff physician at the Boulder approved by Peking? Could the United States leagues had the opportunity to view the continue to accord most-favored-nation Colo., community hospital. ' treatment to one province of China--an ar CBS Sports documentary "To the Top The expedition was assembled in Kath ra.ng~ment that has greatly helped Taiwan of the World: Assault on Mount Everest" mandu, Nepal, in late July-August 1976. in its trade with us? Could the Export-Im on the CBS television network, Friday, The approach through the Nepalese jun port Bank guarantee loans made to a. prov January 9, 1977. I am prompted to com gle was made during August, at the tail ince of China. without sanction of the gov mend this effort. end of the summer monsoon. The suc ernment we recognize? Transfer of recogni CBS Sports has ushered in America's cessful climb to the summit was made tion would give Peking many means for un during the "window" of relatively good dermining Taiwan's economy. tricentennial with a historic event for There are no American philanthropic, cul television-the successful attempt by a weather that normally occurs in late tural or missionary institutions in the Peo team of Americans to climb and film the September. The climbers used the South ple's Republlc of China: Its leaders expelled world's tallest peak, Mount Everest. This Col route blazed by Sir Edmund Hillary them all. Would normalization of relations was the first time in 13 years that an and Tenzing Norgay, in 1963, in the first with Peking mean the end of such enter American team has tried to reach Ever successful ascent. prises in Taiwan sooner or later? Americans est's summit, and only the second Ameri Mike Hoover, leader of the film crew, and most other nationals may travel freely can mission to the mountain. The Ameri and Ed Goren, CBS sports producer, to and 1n Taiwan, and Chinese residents can Bicentennial Everest Expedition were the coproducers of the Everest ad- February 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3207 venture. Mike Hoover was the director, New Yorker who traditionally lunched The existing welfare system has among Jack Whitaker was the narrator. at Sardis. One of his lunching friends 'other things contributed to the near The American Bicentennial Everest was Walter Winchell whose first motion bankruptcy of some of our cities, caused Expedition believes that the successful picture Mr. Eddy wrote in collaboration the dislocation of thousands of poor assault may help to open new horizons with Sig Herzig. people who emigrated from the rural for climbers and others who prefer not In 1932 another "first" took place in South to the urban North, and created to believe such tough and distant goals Mr. Eddy's life; he was married to his both strong disincentives for family beyond their reach. wife Lillian. Soon afterward Arthur breakups. Eddy's diligence attracted the attention In the case of the city of New York, of Warner Brothers and the large studio where I come from, the cost of welfare brought him to Hollywood in 1937 to and related programs stands between TRIBUTE TO ARTHUR EDDY handle their trade paper publicly. Once fiscal solvency and continuing deficits. again Mr. Eddy was mingling with the In this fiscal year the city's deficit will HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO celebrities as he managed publicity for be approximately $650 million, while its OF CALIFORNIA Bette Davis, Edward G. Robinson, Erroll expenditures for welfare and medicaid Flynn, Jane Wyman, Ronald Regan, and will total $1 billion. Thus, if New IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Humphrey Bogart. As Eddy came to York City were relieved of the cost of Tuesday, February 1, 1977 know Hollywood, his traditional lunch these programs its considerable deficit Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, a was shifted to the Brown Derby and a would be turned into a sizable surplus. man I know and admire has recently nightly coffee session with instigated at Given the serious flaws and devastat received a joint resolution from the Cal Schwab's Drug Store. Arthur Eddy's job ing effects of the current system, I be ifornia Legislature. I believe it fitting with Warner Brothers came to an end lieve welfare reform should be placed that we in Washington also recognize in 1940 but he remained in Hollywood high on the agenda of the 95th Congress. this man, Arthur Eddy. In recognizing and turned to publicizing and writing I have, therefore, introduced two bills Arthur Eddy we pay tribute to the Amer for Edward G. Robinson's "Big Town" which together would both provide the ican ideal of advancement through hard radio program. He also struck out on his cities with immediate fiscal relief and work. Due to his enormous industry Mr. own to establish a public relations provide for long-term reform of the en Eddy spent much of his life working with agency in 1941. tire welfare system. the stars of Broadway and Hollywood. Since 1941 Arthur Eddy has repre The first bill I have introduced is a He looked on as some of the greats in sented a distinguished list of clients. The temporary measure which would bring show business, such as Katherine Hep Pasadena Playhouse heads his diverse immediate relief to our financially dis burn, James Cagney, and Clark Gable, list of past patrons which includes other tressed States and localities. It would do rose to fame. Despite his constant asso concerns such as the Sister Kenny Polio this by simply changing the existing Fed ciation with celebrities, Mr. Eddy has not Foundation, the Protestant Film Com eral reimbursement formula for the med lost his love of life or his humility; he mission, the Superman television show, icaid and aid to families with-dependent still prefers to talk of others rather than the Ruthrauff and Ryan Advertising children-AFDC-program to provide himself. Agency, the Chianti Restaurant and for a fiat 75 percent reimbursement. Cur Arthur Eddy was born in Pawtucket, Richard Blalock and his Orchestra. rently, 49 of the 50 States are reimbursed R.I., and began to work for his local Among the individual celebrities that at a lower rate, with many States re paper as a teenager. By age 19 he was a. solicited Arthur Eddy's help were Lou quired to pay half the cost of these pro Senate correspondent for that paper and ella Parsons, Jane Greer, Dona Massey, grams. by 1922 he was the youngest editor Charles Ruggles, Alan Young, Guy The immediate measure that I have manager of a newspaper while running Madison, composer George Dunning, and just outlined is in many ways identical the Windham County Transcript in Dan vocal characterizer June Foray. Even to the bill introduced last session by ielson, Conn. Arthur Eddy's press career after his retirement to Ojai, Calif., in Representative Abzug and cosponsored was interrupted momentarily by World 1965, Arthur Eddy retained June Foray, by over 50 Members. However, my bill War I but soon he was back to the George Dunning, and the Ventura contains one significant improvement. It Transcript until Mr. Eddy broke with County Fair as clients. requires that the 25-percent local con the paper over its decision to suppress a Today, needless to say, Mr. Eddy's tribution be borne entirely by the State news story. and forbids any State from requiring any daily luncheon and coffee sessions per of its subdivisions or municipalities to Arthur's break with the pruper sig severe. Arthur Eddy continues his pro contribute to the cost of the program. It naled the beginning of his career in New fession in the town of Ojai by serving would thus relieve all municipal and York where, at various times, he served the community as public relations direc county governments of all their welfare as an editor for the Billboard, the Film tor of its hospital and the Ojai Valley and medicaid costs and, thereby, save Daily, and the Motion Picture Daily. Inn, and by also providing speakers for New York City $1 billion a year. While working for the Billboard Mr. service clubs. Hard work propelled Ar The cost to the Federal Treasury of Eddy was always in on the action re thur Eddy into the star-studded world this change in the reimbursement for viewing 13 to 14 pictures a week and in of show business but he never allowed mulas would be $5.7 billion and would a tuxedo every night. He reviewed some himself to be overwhelmed by such an only require an increase in the current of the most famous pictures in history. environment. When asked if he misses budget of 1.4 percent. This additional He was there for the premiere of "Don the glamour of Hollywood Arthur Eddy expenditure is clearly affordable and Juan," the first motion picture with syn firmly responds, as in a recent inter would serve as a fine complement to the chronized score and sound effects, for the view " ... Not a bit ...". economic stimulus package now being opening of "The Light of New York," the discussed. first picture with dialog, and he was also The second bill I introduced is the present at the premiere of "The Jazz WELFARE REFORM: A PROGRAM family income maintenance program Singer" starring Al Jolson. Besides this, which would totally change the current to stay on top of the motion picture WE CANNOT AFFORD NOT TO HAVE welfare system by consolidating existing scene, Arthur Eddy did more than review SSI, AFDC, food stamp and home relief films; he even got the first newspaper programs into one comprehensive pro story on the death of Rudolph Valentino. HON. STEPHEN J. SOLARZ gram. At the heart of it would be a mini Ever on the move, Arthur Eddy was OF NEW•YORK mum payment of $4,700 a year which a pioneer in personality radio inter IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES would serve as an income floor for all view shows during the Prohibition Era. Americans. I have suggested the $4,700 At the same time he was writing for Tuesday, February 1, 1977 figure because it is our current rural pov Screen Secret Magazine, Mr. Eddy Mr. SOLARZ. Mr. Speaker, the current erty level and is, therefore, the amount rubbed shoulders with the stars, inter system of public assistance in the United of money required to purchase the goods viewing such celebrities as D. W. Griffith, States is so poor that the words, "wel and services necessary for living in a. Colleen More, Hoot Gibson, and Pauline fare" and ''mess" have become inextric manner consistent with health and de Strike. Arthur was now a sophisticated ably linked in our political vocabulary. cency in areas having the lowest cost of c.x:xm--202-Part 3 3208 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1977 living. For families in areas which have Thus, for example, welfare recipients solidation of the other programs, it would significantly higher costs of living-10 under the program would find it to their be reasonable to assume that at least $700 percent or more above the national aver advantage to take a full-time minimum million in administrative costs could be age-a cost-of-living bonus of 10 percent wage job which pays about $4,500 a saved with the adoption of my proposal. would be added to their entitlement. year, because they would still be able to Third. It would greatly relieve the fi This two-tier approach is the most retain $2,250 a year of that amount. In nancial burden now imposed on State sensible and efficient method of dealing addition to creating work incentives, the and local governments. Under such a with the problem of variations in the negative income tax would provide real plan, municipal and county governments cost of living. Unlike a system which va economic aid to the working poor. Un would no longer bear any of the costs of ried payments in accordance with the der the negative income tax program, a welfare, while only a few States would cost of living in each area, this system family of four with an income of $7,000 continue to have relatively minimal costs would not impose great administrative excluding work expenses would receive for the payment of supplementary bene burdens on the program, but would pro $1 ,200, or $1 ,640 in benefits, depending fits. vide needed funds in areas where high on whether they resided in a high in The cost of the entire, long-term pro prices do cause significant hardships. come area. posal would be slightly more than $32 to Even with the cost-of-living bonus, Besides using the negative income tax $34 billion. In fiscal 1976, approximately recipients in some States would be receiv as an inducement to work, FIMP would $24.5 billion was spent on the AFDC, SSI, ing less in benefits than under the exist have a work registration requirement and food stamp programs. Approximately ing SSI, AFDC, and food stamp programs. under which recipients would have tn $17 billion of this total came from the In order not to penalize these people, the register with their local State employ Federal Treasury while the remaining legislation I am introducing would con ment office. Of course, the aged, depend amount came from State and local cof tain a maintenance of benefits clause. ent children, the disabled, and persons fers. Therefore, in order to finance the Thus, for example, a family of four in engaged in socially productive activities, program, the Federal Govenunent would New York State on AFDC now receiving such as providing care for a young child have to spend an additional $15 to $17 approximately $510 a month, or $6,120 a or a severely disabled individual, would billion a year and increase its budget year in cash payments, rent allowance be exempted from the work requirement. by slightly more than 3 percent. The and food stamps, would receive $5,170 a However, all nonexempt recipients would Federal Government clearly has the year from the Federal Government and be required to take any reasonable job capacity to absorb such an additional $950 a year from the State. proffered by the State employment office expenditure. A !-percent decrease in the Though some States would still be con which pays the minimum wage. unemployment rate would increase Fed tributing to welfare costs, there would This work registration program would eral revenues by $16 billion. But even nevertheless be tremendous savings even take the place of the existing WIN pro assuming we did not want to finance the for those States and localities. For one, gram which has in some areas required entire program out of the natural growth cities would be relieved of their entire welfare recipients to earn their benefits of revenues, we could still finance a good welfare load since the bill would man by working for the local government. portion of it through the elimination date that the State supplement be However, most experts agree that the of some minor wasteful defense expendi funded by State funds. Thus, in the case WIN programs are usually so poorly run tures, and through the closing of the more of New York City, the program would that their cost of administration usually egregious tax loopholes such as DISC and result in the permanent takeover of all exceeds the value of the work they pro duce. The problem of employing able the deferral of taxes on foreign income. of the city's $450 million income mainte It is clear that we can now afford a nance costs and would alone cut this bodied persons on welfare should be dealt with in the context of a full em comprehensive national welfare program year's deficit by nearly half. In the case with adequate benefits. Given the finan of New York State, FIMP would assume ployment plan, and should not be dealt with by segregating welfare recipients cial condition of our cities and the social approximately $100 million of the State's problems of our poor, it is also clear current $687 million expenditure for in into meaningless jobs where both so c~ety and the individual participants that we cannot afford not to have such come maintenance. In addition, because a program. of the annual cost-of-living increase in expect little from their employment. the national level of benefits, all of New In summary, the family income main York State's mandated costs under the tenance program would be a vast im program will be phased out in a period of provement over the existing system in PROTECTION OF THE ALASKAN 6 years, assuming an inflation rate of 5 the following ways: WOLVES percent a year. First. It would be beneficial to recip The family income maintenance pro ients of the welfare system by providing gram would also be an improvement over a national minimum level of payment HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST the current system because it would to all poor households. No longer would OF VmGINIA finally deal with the issue of work and the level of one's benefits be determined by the place of one's residence or the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES welfare in a rational and comprehensive Tuesday, February 1, 1977 way. The question for work and welfare cause of one's impoverishment, and no is an important one, both for practical longer would there be an incentive for Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, to and philosophical reasons. We live in a families to uproot and move to other day I am introducing legislation which society with a strong work ethic which parts of the country in order to receive will provide the means to develop proper holds that the primary resonsibility for decent benefits. -and intelligent game management of supporting an individual lies with that Second. It would be cheaper to ad the wolf, and insure the preservation of individual. I share that belief. I do not minister. The consolidation of the three this endangered species in its last great believe that anyone who can support existing Federal programs and the one preserve-the State of Alaska. This themselves by their own labor-assuming exclusively State program into one com measure calls for a study to determine that work is available for them-should prehensive system would save enormous beneficial methods of animal manage be supported by the labor of others. amounts of money in administrative ment. Until such a study is complete, I Having decided on a work require costs. No longer would separate bureauc propose a moratorium on aerial hunting ment, we should induce welfare recip racies--each keeping its own records, and other means of wholesale killing ients to seek employment in the most making its own eligibility determinations which may cause irreparable damage to fair and efficient way. As we know from and arranging for its own payment an ecosystem already strained by a myr experience, the best incentive for em mechanisms-have to be maintained to iad of complex forces. ployment is the retention of earnings. perform similar functions. The entire There are those who feel that this The bill I have introduced, therefore, cost of the food stamp program with its measure is unnecessary. The wolf, they contains a 50 percent negative income expensive costs for printing, safeguard say, is not endangered in Alaska. Mr. tax on all earned income less $65 a ing, and distributing its coupons, would Speaker, this is sheer semantics. The month for work expenses. This would, in be eliminated. In fiscal 1976, this alone very existence of the wolf is threatened, effect, allow welfare recipients to keep would have saved us $618 million. As and rhetoric asserting that the species more than one-half of their earnings. suming some additional savings by con- is still secure in Alaska does not easily February 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3209 erase their overall endangered status. upon closer examination, to be the result rose to 710 moose-including females. In the continental United States the of a variety of contributing factors. To Finally the board of game responded to wolf is all but gone, with only 1 percent blame the game decreases on the wolf the intense human hunting pressure by of their former numbers surviving. Ac is an all too simplistic and convenient no reducing the 1974 season to 50 days, but cording to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife tion which takes advantage of many yet another miscalculation was made as Service, the red wolf, which once roamed myths which are only now being replaced hunters still took 350 moose. By 1975, the southeastern part of the country, by sound scientific research. There have area biologists considered the situation has been reduced to less than 100 ani been lax hunting laws resulting in wide serious enough to warrant a recommen mals. Also, five out of the eight sub spread game overkills, extremely severe dation to the board of game to close the ~pecies of the grey wolf which once climatic conditions which have discour season entirely; a suggestion which was ranged throughout the entire conti aged breeding, and economic develop ignored. Instead, they opened hunting nental United States are considered ex ment such as the Alaskan oil pipeline for a token 10 days which placed further tinct, with the other three on the en which has disrupted migratory patterns. undue pressure on the chances for the dangered list. True, the wolf is not The detrimental effects of these forces herd's survival as 50 more moose were legally defined as endangered in Alaska, has yet to be fully understood, and they shot. The Fairbanks Daily News-Miner but viewed from this overall perspec are being ignored by Alaskan officials as published a letter to the editor from a tive, the species is in danger of extinc major contributors to the decrease in local trapper which read as follows: tion, especially given the conditions game populations. Unit 20A has su.tfered such hunting pres which some State officials consider Responsible animal management has sure in the past three years as you would find proper game management. Man's en been lax, and hunting laws have been hard to believe, with snow machines and croachment upon the domain of this, and overly lenient. For example, in 1973 tracked vehicles the mode of destruction. other species is inevitable as we utilize hunters bagged 710 moose out of a popu One would have to be out here to observe and develop fast shrinking wilderness lation of approximately 3,000 in one of the number of carcasses and the waste ... areas. But in Alaska, we are afforded a the game units. Over half of those killed cows, calves, and bulls alike ... rare opportunity, as there remains the were female animals. Only recently has Needless to say, this is only one ex last great refuge of the wolf. As in the the State realized their error and re ample of the waste I have been talking case of the passenger pigeon, the golden stricted the taking of females in order about. Yet somehow all this has been bear, and other animals, once these ani to promote reproduction. Caribou were ignored, and the wolf, an easy target, mals are destroyed, they cannot be re hunted in unrestricted fashion-no bag became the Alaskan State scapegoat. placed, and we had better be sure of limits or seasonal restrictions, and there There are still other factors that have what we are doing to a major contribu are numerous reports of gross overkills. not been taken into consideration which tor to our ecosystem before any drastic This leniency has persisted for years, and have adversely affected big game popu action is taken that proves irreversible. we should not expect instantaneous re lations. Preliminary studies indicate that In response to declining moose and 'covery nor allow callous and experi climate can be, and in recent years has caribou herds, Alaskan game officials mental shortcuts without careful evalu been, a major factor in reducing animal :have adopted a policy of retribution ation. numbers. Still others suspect a signifi against the wolf as the predator which Economic development in Alaska has cant amount of predation is due to the has singlehandedly accounted for these proven to be as much of a challenge to Alaskan bear population. No one, how decreasing numbers. Alaskan policy area wildlife as it has been for man. It ever, knows just how significant, yet I states: "Whenever substantial conflicts is difficult to ascertain the extent of the hesitate to even dare mention this pos arise between humans and wolves over disruptive effects of economic develop sibility for fear bears will soon find them the use of prey, the wolf population will ments such as the oil pipeline on the mi selves the victim of a brutal extermina be managed to minimize such conflicts." gratory patterns of big game. I cannot tion program. Again, more information Recently, this code has been carried to emphasize enough the value of the pro is urgently needed so that policies can be limits which exceed commonsense and posed study in determining the effects of formulated which will benefit both man common decency. Locating wolf packs these factors on game populations. It and his fellow living creatures. Yet it with the aid of radio collars, which were would provide an intelligent basis for must be accurate data, oriented specifi- originally placed on wolves to record developing adequate measures to assure . cally to the conditions which have their patterns of movement, men ruth the future of big game and their natural shaped the problems Alaska now faces. lessly gunned down the animals from predators. Purdue's Prof. Durward Allen has planes and helicopters-all in the name It is not difficult to observe, however, studied the interrelationship of wolves of game management. In unit 13, just the aftermath of the boom in roadbuild and moose on the secluded Isle Royale in one of several planned aerial hunts, the ing and recreational vehicles such as the Lake Superior. There, on an island iso Alaskan Board of Game has proposed a snowmobile that has accompanied eco lated from the depredations of man. scientific experiment whereby 100 per nomic growth. They have given native wolves and moose have survived together cent of the wolves in a designated sector and t'Ourist alike increased accessibility for over 15 years. It has been observed are to be gunned down from planes and to areas of Alaska where big game can that wolves tend to feed on the sick, helicopters over the next 3 to 5 years, be found. The plight of unit 20A, one of lame, and weak moose, leaving the strong just to see what happens to ungulate the areas where aerial wolf hunts have to reproduce and enhance the species. populations. This crude and ill planned been proposed, exemplifies these condi This fact has led Farley Mowat, author action, lacking a sound scientific basis, tions and forces of which I speak. Don of "Never Cry Wolf" and long-time au cannot be disguised or dignified in the McKnight of the Department of Fish and thority on the subject, to state: name of science. Game in Juneau, and Bob Hinman, the The caribou feeds the wolf, but it's the Wolf kills on an ever larger scale are regional director in Fairbanks recon wolf who keeps the caribou strong. constantly being announced by Alaskan structed f'Or Audubon magazine the de officials. The Washington Post reported tails of the game management there. An important fact to emerge from the on January 27---of this year-that plans Moose hunters-the human variety-· Isle Royale observations is that the bal have now been formulated for an aerial during the late 1960's killed between 250 ance between wolves and their big game hunt covering the northwest portion of and 300 animals; a take acknowledged prey has remained intact, without one the State. This time the kill quota is up as twice as much as the herd could sup species completely overwhelming and to 1,000 wolves. They are to be butchered port. Yet somehow, no one noticed. In eradicating the other. Clearly, the sur from the air in order to attempt to speed fact, pressure was applied to attract even vival rate of moose and caribou has been the natural processes which will even more hunters to that area. In the 1971 better with wolves than with man. tually foster an increase in the number of season, hunters killed 350 moose. In 1972, A natural balance between wolves and caribou if men are prohibited from re the number of moose killed by hunters caribou has existed for thousands of peating the gross mismanagement of jumped to 485. Then the new Rex Trail years, each being necessary for the main- past years. road opened making the area accessible tenance and welfare of the other. I se I believe we have neither the wisdom not just to snowmobiling hunters, but riously doubt that 1977 has seen any nor the right to carry out such a policy. allowed conventioned vehicles passage. drastic change in the laws of nature. The reductions of ungulate herds appear, The kill for the 1973, 100-day season Why not let nature continue her course? 3210 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1977
The process of natural selection allows quickly lifted. In the other court battle, MILITARY MUSCLE KEY TO RUSSIANS' SYSTEM, for survival of only the fittest. If there is a U.S. district court judge refused to NEW NSC AIDE SAYS a lesser amount of prey, then Ma Nature grant an injunction, so the destruction (By Henry S. Bradsher) will compensate by reducing the number has continued. Thus, this bill constitutes The goal of the entire Soviet political, of predators. And she will do it at no cost the final recourse available. social and economic system is military power, to the taxpayers. There are so many species on the brink according to a key figure on the new staff Alaska's extermination policy is as im- of extinction in the Continental United of the National Security Council. The Soviet Union has "a war-mobilization practical as it is needlessly cruel. There States. It is a telling reminder of the con economy." Its educational system has car were approximately 100 animals killed in sequences of unrestrained mismanage ried out "the militarization of the entire last January's aerial kill which involved ment. My proposal asks merely that an population." an area of 10,000 square miles. The total objective study be conducted which will "By the time a child is in second grade, cost of the project was $250,000 which determine the best possible alternatives he receives his first formal instruction in breaks down to about $2,500 per wolf. regarding the management of wolves, in survival in nuclear war," and after basic The cost of conducting this massacre order to assure their continued survival. military training in the 9th and lOth grades over 144,000 square miles, more than 10 Such a study would undoubtedly provide a young man is drafted directly into a com bat unit. times the area of the January wolf hunt, us with a fuller understanding of other This description of the Soviet Union has would be astronomical I submit that forces and conditions, particular to been given in recent articles by William E. there are more constructive ways to Alaska and presently ignored by State Odom, a U.S. Army colonel who is going manage wildlife than to spend a ridicu- officials, which have combined to reduce to work for President Carter's national secur lous sum of money for the needless de- the ungulate herd population. At the mo ity adviser, Zbigniew Brzezinski. Odom will struction of a species. ment, my major concern is that action work on Soviet affairs with William G. Hy The debate over the Alaskan situation as drastic as the proposed wolf kills is land, an NSC holdover from handling arms control negotiations for former Secretary of has deteriorated into a question of juris- prevented, and thus have taken appro State Henry A. Kissinger. diction as animal management has tra- priate action to restrict it. I have sug A former Army attache at the U.S. Em ditionally been within the exclusive gested that $50,000 be appropriated an bassy in Moscow. Odom has recently been realm of the states. But as man increas- nually, not to exceed a 3-year limit to teaching politics at West Point. He has also ingly lays waste to his environment, and fund the project. This in no way is in been associated with the Research Institute as the very existence of many species is tended to affect or limit any other proj on International Change at Columbia Uni threatened, a new national awareness ects in this area, but is only aimed at versity, which Brezezinski headed. has grown. My proposal is not without providing the necessary support for this Odom wrote in the summer of 1975 that the Soviet Communist party's general-secre precedent. The Federal Government, study. tary, Leonid I. Brezhnev, was negotiating cognizant of its environmental responsi- We are faced with a dilemma. To do with the United States on arms control "to bilities, enacted the Endangered Species nothing might result in further reduc improve his economy's capacity to produce Act, which supercedes any State law in tions in game herds; a proposition un military power. both for today and for the an effort to protect fast dwindling popu- satisfactory to the wolf as well as man. long run, whereas Kissinger presumably is lations of animals threatened with ex- But to engage in crude and inhumane concerned not with increasing economic ca pacity but with shifting present capacity tinction. The Wild Horse and Burro Act methods might also tip delicate ecological to nonmilitary activities.... has a similar framework, placing those scales too far for recovery, resulting in "Without peace and Western credits the animals under Federal jurisdiction. Alas- the extinction of a species which plays an (Soviet) armed forces obviously cann~t be ka is not unfamiliar with Federal par- important role in the scheme of arctic strengthened as rapidly," Odom said. He ticipation in affairs which are important life. The consequences of such an event suggested that Soviet generals might want w citizens throughout the land. Congress, will only lead to further imbalances in an arms control agreements "which make the further shouldering its responsibility to already strained system. We must move future more predictable for them." preserve the natural environment for all to insure the safety of that system, but "It is not a question, in the Soviet view " Odom explained, "Or guns and butter-wh~t Americans and for all time, granted 80 move in an intelligent and responsible mix for social satisfaction? It is a question of million acres of Alaskan land for con- manner. I believe my proposal will effec how much butter must be produced in order servation purposes, as part of the Alas- . tively equip us to do just that. to obtain the highest rate of military kan Native Claims Settlement Act. In growth." addition, there is a joint Federal-State Odom called this a "reversal of priorities" Land Bureau to provide recommenda from Western thinking, with the Soviets tions regarding the most advantageous MILITARY MUSCLE KEY TO RUS "making military power an end social prod use of these wilderness lands. As one of SIANS' SYSTEM NEW NSC AIDE uct rather than treating it as a social over SAYS head cost." our last great wilderness preserves, Alas In another article published last autumn, ka cannot help but feel the effects of Odom said both the czarist traditions of Federal environmental responsibilities to Russia and the nature of communist organi the Nation. Given the situation there, it HON. LARRY McDONALD zation combine so that "the m1Utarization seems both prudent and necessary that OF GEORGIA of Soviet society is neither an aberration nor we take action to insure the safety of IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES an unusual or extraordinary state of affairs." Odom said a 1967 change in the military all members of the Arctic ecosystem. Tuesday, February 1, 1977 service law ostensibly reduced army draft The crux of the matter remains one of Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, one of time from three years to two. In practice, proper animal management. The present President Carter's new advisers on the however, "part of that time has simply been policv regarding wolf management in National Security Council will be a re pushed back into the civil sector" by giving A aska, whether pursued by State or tired U.S. Army Col. William E. Odom. in high schools the kind of military prepara Federal officials is highly questionable, tion that recruits to Western armies get in Colonel Odom's views on the Soviet mili four to eight months of basic training. having weak scientific justification. tary build-up were recently discussed by A drafted youth "proceeds directly to a Hunting laws have been lax and abused. Henry S. Bradsher in the Washington regular unit. Drafted, say, in Kiev one day, Economic development has had detri Star on January 25, 1977. In this article he could be in a combat division in East mental effects. Climatic conditions in re it was pointed out that the Soviet Union Germany, Czechoslovakia or on the Chinese cent years have been especially harsh, has geared its whole system to military border two or three days later," Odom further reducing the rate of healthy re power and little else. Indeed, the educa wrote. production. It is time to make an earnest He added that "the system is far from tional system of the U.S.S.R. is geared uniformly and completely installed, but . .. effort to evolve constructive conservation in large part to mllitarization of its measures. Mass poisonings, bounty hunt it is being methodically and persistently de society. Colonel Odom's thesis flies di veloped, though possibly another decade may ing, and aerial slaughter have been rectly in the face of those who proclaim be required to get it into full swing." sanctioned for too long. that owership of a few more private au Odom quoted Soviet estlmates that up to Efforts to block this needless killing tomobiles or color television sets will a third of all military inductees have not have proven ineffective. There were two only basic training but also a military spe somehow mellow the Politbureau and its cialty. This is acquired through the Volun lawsuits filed by conservationists to stop goals of world conquest in the name of tary Society for Assistance to the Army, Air the proposed wolf hunt. The first court socialism. I commend the article to the Force and Navy, or DOSAAF from its Russian case resulted in an injunction that was attention of my colleagues: initials. February 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3211 A privately funded organization under disillusionment than their inability to find Unemployment nationally as of the fourth military direction, thus also distorting work. Besides having relatives who served, I quarter of 1976: budget comparisons, DOSAAF was loosely became acquainted With many young vet Percent unemployed, 8.0 percent. run until 1967. Then it began to be improved erans during the time I served as an assistant Number unemployed, 7,558,000. so that its part-time activity for civilians professor at Cuyahoga Community College in {The unemployed Vietnam veterans are would teach them military technical skills. Cleveland. I saw the injury, both physical 7.4 percent of all unemployed persons.) and mental, that the war had caused to most of them, and rather than being treated as heros, like veterans of past wars were, their JOBS FOR VIETNAM VETERANS sense of duty and their sacrifice were ignored. U.S. BEEF ECONOMY AT CROSS Frankly, to grant a pardon to those who refused to serve Without acting at the same ROADS HON. MARY ROSE OAKAR time in behalf of the Vietnam veterans OF OHIO would, in my view, be a message to the vet erans that what they did in serving their HON. WILLIAM R. COTTER IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES country was somehow wrong. OF CONNECTICUT Tuesday, February 1, 1977 • But I also believe that now, as the new IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Administration and new Congress take office, Ms. OAKAR. Mr. Speaker, on Janu we have an opportunity to establish Tuesday, February 1, 1977 ary 21, immediately after President 'in this land a. spirit of honor and concern Carter issued his pardon of the draft 'for Vietnam veterans. I can think of no Mr. COTI'ER. Mr. Speaker, independ evaders of the Vietnam war, I wrote to 'better way we could begin such an under ent agricultural economists predicted last him urging his support for a proposal I 'taking than to take concrete action to pro year that retail beef prices could increase was making in behalf of those who did 'Vide jobs for Vietnam veterans. Congress by as much as 50 percent by the end of 'Will soon be acting upon the series of pro 1978. Developments since then have done choose to serve their country during this 'posals you recently outlined to counter the very difficult time. My proposal was that nothing to discourage that prediction. 'recession and reduce joblessness. In order I would like to insert the following two he expand the public service jobs aspect 'to guarantee that veterans will partake of his proposed economic recovery pro fully of the benefits of this package, I pro articles, from a series by Dan Morgan gram so as to create an additional 60,000 pose adding to it a special provision for printed this week by the Washington jobs this year exclusively for Vietnam Vietnam veterans. Post, for the information of my veterans. Specifically, your economic program calls colleagues : I was extremely pleased to see that last for spending an additional $1.4 billion in [From the Washington Post, Jan. 30, 1977] 1977 to create 240,000 new jobs under the U.S. BEEF ECONOMY AT A CROSSROADS-THREAT week, the President did amend his eco existing Public Service Employment Pro OF FINANCIAL RUIN HANGS OVER THE CATTLE nomic recovery program so as to include gram. I am very familiar with the operation INDUSTRY a program for jobs for Vietnam veterans, of this program and believe it is an excel {By Dan Morgan) lent one, for the money granted to states the major part of which is an allocation WALDEN, CoLo.-In the back country ranges of public service jobs which is nearly and cities places unemployed people to work for their government performing services of the Rocky Mountains, ranchers such as identical to what I had suggested. needed by their community. What I propose, Bob Brownlee have been fighting a constant It seems to me that with unemploy and what I will next week be introducing battle against winter this year. ment among these veterans being so high, a blll to accomplish, is adding initially to On a recent day when the temperature and with a pardon having been granted the Public Service Employment Program, was near zero, Brownlee and hls son-in-law, to the draft evaders, simple justice re in addition to what you propose, $650 mil Newell Geers, were hacking a hole in the lion in 1977 which would be distributed frozen creek with a double-edged axe to find quires that the Government take what water for the cow herd, and giving out ever action is needed to guarantee that among states and cities solely for the hiring of unemployed Vietnam veterans. About whoops of joy when a trickle of water ap all veterans who want jobs will have <60,000 Vietnam veterans would be placed on peared. Then they were off in their pickup them. Many other improvements remain payrolls, doing important, constructive work, truck, bumping across a washboard pasture to be made in the program of benefits with this amount of money. and dropping off hay for the animals. for Vietnam veterans, but providing jobs I do not doubt that there are many Im It was all part of the cycle of work at the is, to me, the first priority. -provements which can and should be made far end of the country's beef pipeline, the Thus I look forward to prompt action in the program of benefits for Vietnam vet $20-billion-a-year system that keeps Ameri by the House of Representatives on this erans. But the enactment of legislation for cans supplied with the juicy steaks and ham jobs such as I have described would be burgers that are almost a national symbol vitally important matter. I am today vitally important, not only to the many of American affluence. introducing a bill which would imple veterans who would gain employment di Yet raising beef animals today is anything ment the proposal I made to the Presi rectly as a result of it, but also as a sym but a sure way to prosperity. The threat of dent, and I will closely examine the bill bol of the high esteem which these veterans economic ruin hangs over the cattle industry, that the President offers. I insert into the will be accorded from now on. Thus I ask and the American beef economy is in the RECORD a copy of the letter I had sent to your support for the enactment of this throes of major changes brought about by the President Carter, and a factsheet on the program. heaviest losses since the Dust Bowl days of Sincerely, the 1930s. issue I prepared: Even in this remote valley, circled by HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, MARY RosE OAKAR, Member of Congress. mountains and once populated mainly by Washington, D.C., January 21, 1977. prairie dogs, antelopes and Indians, ranchers The PRESIDENT, are feeling . the painful effects of sweeping T.he White House, FACT SHEET ON VIETNAM VETERANS' economic and social developments over which Washington, D.C. UNEMPLOYMENT they have had virtually no control. DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: In this time imme Unemployment among Vietnam Veterans, Brownlee reckons that he lost $30,000 on diately following your pardon of the draft as of the fourth quarter of 1976: his 1,500-acre operation in 1976, and he may evaders of the Vietnam war, my thoughts are Unemployment rate for veterans age 20 have been lucky. As far as he is concerned with the eight million men and women who to 34, 8.7 percent. consumers are getting a bargain on beef served in our armed forces during this long Number of veterans these ages unemployed, while he has been taking a financial beat and painful war. Your action in behalf of 560,000. ing. Brownlee and the ranchers around here those who refused to serve raises in my mind Unemployment rate for veterans age 20 have lost money most of the last 36 months. the question of whether our government has to 24, 18.2 percent. Yet the price of steaks and hamburger in provided adequately for those who did serve. Number of veterans unemployed in this supermarkets is about what it was three It seems to me that in at least one major age group, 175,000. years ago. respect, this government has failed the Viet (Source for above info: Bureau of Labor Paradoxical as this situation may seem, nam veteran terribly, and that is in helping Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.) economic analysts say it is logical. But the them to find jobs. Total number of Vietnam-era veterans, same logic holds that the situation is certain At the end of 1976, the number of Viet 8,332,000. to be reversed. Then it will be the turn of nam veterans unable to find work was a Unemployment among Vietnam Veterans American consumers to pa.y more for beef. shocking 560,000. Among young veterans, a.ge in the Cleveland area: sta.rting in 1967, cattlemen steadily in 20 to 24, the unemployment rate was 18.2% November 30, 1976, 10,615. creased the size of their herds, from 108 mil more than double the national unemploy January, 1976, 9,548. lion head then to 131 mllllon head in 1975. ment rate. A large number of these veterans January, 1975, 6,550. By late 1973, there was too much beef going a.re in the greater Cleveland area., a.nd I ca.n (Source for above info: Ohio Bureau of to market. Retail stores had to keep prices tell you that nothing has caused them more Employment Services.) low in order to sell it all. These low prices 3212 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1977 were passed back through the beef pipeline This same breeding cycle also imposes a The equation of land, crops and cattle does to wholesalers, meat packers, cattle fatten rigid, economic framework on the rancher's not seem to be working to the long-range ing yards, and finally to ranchers. operations. advantage of consumers. At some point, beef All through the period, inflation and In a few months, BrowiJlee will be making prices wtll have to reflect the price of the higher prices of hay, oorn and other animal decisions that could have financial repercus land on which the cattle are raised. If they feeds were adding to the costs of running sions in 1980. do not, farmers and ranchers will find other ranches and farms, even as the prices that the This fall, Brownlee will decide how many uses for their valuable real estate. That can cattlemen received when they sold their of this spring's calves to keep as replace only mean less beef at higher prices. young steers and heifers in the fall was stay ments for old cows sold for hamburger. These ing too low to ma.ke money. heifers won't be bred until the summer of [From the Washington Post, Jan. 31, 1977] Ranchers began reading the economic mes 1978. They will calve in the spring of 1979, CATTLE FEEDLOTS IN ECONOMIC PINCER sage they were getting two years ago and re and the steers or heifers they produce won't acted by reducing the size of their herds. be ready for slaughter untll mid-1980. Only (By Dan Morgan) Since then, a beef slaughter unprecedented then will Brownlee get a return, unless he de KUNER. COLORADO.-Today's beef animal in the history of the United States has been cides to sell the animals when they are has been called "a hide stuffed with corn." under way. younger. That is a good description of the 75,000 In 1973, only 33 million animals were Brownlee finds himself locked into such a cattle living at Monfort of Colorado, Inc.'s butchered. The number jumped to 36 million cycle now. He figures he needed to get 65 sprawling computerized fattening fac111ties the following year, then to a record 40 mil cents a pound for the 450-pound steer calves just east of the Rocky Mountains here. lion in each of the next two years. The total he was ready to sell last December. But the Each animal will devour more than a ton number of cattle in this country declined in best offer he got was 36 cents a pound. of corn during the four months it spends in 1976 by 4 million. More important than that, Rather than lose money, he decided to place Montfort's mile-and-a-half-long, labyrin the country's oow herd-the "factory" that them in a fattening yard in Greeley, Colo. thine feedlot. At the end of the four months, produces tomorrow's steers and heifers-has He says he needs 45 cents a pound for the the animals wtll weigh a half-ton each and been drastically depleted. fattened animals. But packinghouses were will be ready to go to Monfort's own high In 1976, 10 million cows were killed, about paying under 40 cents in late January. speed slaughtering plant 15 mlles away. twice as many as three years earlier. Most of Last fall he lost $26 a head on the full Twenty-five years ago such mammoth beef them were ground up for hamburger meat. grown animals he sold to a packinghouse. At fattening facilities were almost unknown in Consumers have been the immediate bene some periods in the last three years, cattle the United States, just as they stlll are in factors of this massive slaughter. It has men have lost as much as $100 a head, ac most other countries. But today most of the helped to hold down beef prices at a time cording to the U.S. Department of Agricul choice steaks and ribs that Americans buy when everything else seems to be going up. ture. in stores and restaurants have been carved Consumers ate up all the meat that came The atmosphere was all gloom at a weekly from animals fattened in places like it. to market, but only after reta.il stores had. cattle auction at the Greeley Producers Pub Looked at one way, Monfort's feedlot is a set a price for it that was low enough to lic Stockyards in January. highly efficient factory for turning the pro induce them to buy. Americans tend to spend Standing in front of a big sign that said, tein of plants into meat. a constant 2.5 per cent of their money for "Enjoy Beef Everyday," a professional auc A computer calculates dally feed rations of beef. When it is a good bargain they buy tioneer called out asking prices and offers to corn, silage, wheat, hormones, vitamins and more, and when it is expensive they switch to rows of overalled cattlemen, as a cowboy supplements for the cattle in each pen, other food, such as cheaper pork or chicken. cracked a whip and dr-ove the animals into a according to the age, weight and condition With beef prices fairly reasonable in 1976, sawdust covered corral. When the animals got of the anima.ls. they ate a record 129 pounds per person, rambuctious, cowb-oys in the corral stepped Corn hauled in by the rail carload is proc compared with 116 pounds four years earlier. behind wooden barriers. essed into corn flakes to make it easier to In effect, Americans are eating their way Tom Nix, a 61-year-old farmer from Eaton, digest. Nutr-itionists check the progress of out of a huge surplus of beef. Colo., sold 35 steers to another farmer, Don the animals, and when all goes well each Brownlee and ranchers such as him still Anderson. Nix had bought the animals in steer gains 2.6 pounds a d.a.y until it reaches have a fundamental faith in the laws of sup September and "grained them," fed them 1,100 pounds and is ready for slaughter. ply and demand. They figure that when less corn for the last month, waiting for cattle For all their efficiency, huge cattle feedlots meat goes to market, prices should start to prices to start up. But he had grown tired of such as this one are under attack as waste rise again and they can begin turning profits. waiting. ful a.nd possibly uneconomic-as symbols, in But nobody knows for sure when the losses "I don't know how he (Anderson) can buy fact, of an era of American agricultural abun will end in the cattle industry. If the prices 'em and stlll expect to make money," he said. dance and luxury that may be passing. of steak and hamburger rise too abruptly, The government doesn't have any exact It takes about six pounds of corn to add a consumers might switch to pork, poultry, or estimates of the cattlemen's losses, but pound of meat, fat and bone to beef ani even spaghetti. That happened in the 1973 bankers say they are in the billion of mals. Humanitarian organizations say this beef boycott, and it sent prices plummeting. dollars. The cattle industry is stretched is wasteful in a world of widespread hunger If it happens again, it could signal a funda financially to the breaking point. and malnutrition. mental change in the American diet. Denver banker Ron Hays says the debts Others say it is unhealthy. The Senate Americans have eaten a steadily increas of ranchers and cattle fatteners are "stag Select Committee on Nutrition and Human ing amount of beef since 1920, but there are gering," because they have acquired huge Needs issued a report in January saying that at least some signs that the trend is ending. long-term mortgages from banks to cover the American diet, which includes a steady If it is, cattlemen could be in for some fur the costs of their losing operations. fare of fatty, grain-fed beef, contributes to ther unpleasant shocks. Hays said that because of the great de obesity and lllness. In the 90 years since settlers moved into mand for money insura.nce companies such as And in the last three years, a sharp increase this valley the grassy ranges have been Prudential, Connecticut General and Con in the price of oorn-the raw material of fenced, a railroad spur has been driven necticut Mutual have moved aggressively into these fattening faclllties-has raised doubts through from Wyoming, and oil and coal agricultural lending in the West, using land about their economic future. companies have dug wells and opened sur as collateral. Fifty years ago, grass was the main food face mines. But cattle is still a mainstay of There have been few actual foreclosures of beef anim.a.ls. Cattle came off ranges and the economy. of the kind that swept the West after the pastures to be slaughtered after eating hay, At Brownlee's Bar-Slash-Bar ranch, the 1930's Depression. However, many hard wheat shoots, alfalfa, or the plentiful roes~ cycle of breeding and birth sets the agenda pressed cattlemen have had to raise money quite, brome and buffalo grasses of the west for the farm work. The 550 oows in the herd to keep operating by putting first and sec ern pl>ains and prairies. will have their calves in April. Brownlee, ond mortgages on their property. This has As the nation's corn supply became more Geers and a hired hand wm take up a 24- been possible only because land values haTe plentiful because of new hybrid seed varieties hour vigil then, checking on the mothers and risen rapidly. and powerful chemical fertllizers, some Corn calves and scaring off intruding coyotes with The rising land values have provided a Belt farmers started buying young steers from spotlights. It costs about $176 to keep one of safety net for the western cattlemen. East western ranches and fattening them on local the cows for a year. That is money down the of the Rocky Mountains, in Colorado, South grain. drain when a young calf dies or is killed. Dakota, Oklahoma and Texas, undeveloped These animals reached full weight faster than if they had been fed only grass and In August, the father and son-in-law will pastureland that can be irrigated for crops become cowboys, riding horses to round up has jumped 1n price from around $150 an hay, and their meat tasted juicier and was acre to nearly $1,000. less lean. cows and head them back to the pens around Then, in the 1950s, another phase began the barns for artificial insemination with bull Inflation, climate, and population growth semen. with the opening of giant commercial fa.c111- have played a part in rising western land ties that could fatten from 30,000 and 100,000 They will also .turn bulls loose in the herd values, but so has the increased return on animals at a time. as a failsafe measure in case the artificial crops such as wheat and corn after 1972. These enormous feedlots, which had a vo breeding doesn't work. There are no second Thousands of acres of grasslands have been racious need for more and more corn, had chances for cows. If they fail to get preg switched to crops as prices of those grains a major impact on American agriculture and nant. they are sent to the packinghouse. rose. on American diets. Many of these commercial February 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3213
cattle fattening operations set up in dry Outside newcomers, nicknamed "Wall raising beef on grass and pasture. They say southwestern states such as Texas and Ari Street cowboys," owned a substantial amount there is not enough good grazing land to zona rather than in Iowa and illinois where of the cattle, and corporate conglomerates, support the country's 127 million head of animals often lost weight slogging through meatpacking companies and grain exporting cattle. That is especially true in the West, the Corn Belt's winter mud. firms also bought up some feeding facilities. where most of the cattle are. And the rapid growth of the big feedlots, Many private investors were apparently The American National Cattlemen's As made possible by a plentiful supply of ex lured by the possibility of using the feed sociation disputes claims that animals could tremely cheap corn, vastly increased the lots to shelter some of their income from be raised more cheaply on grass. ANCA says amount of inexpensive, grain-fattened beef federal tax llab111ties. farmers would have to keep animals a year that consumers could buy. Subsequently, these investors lost mlllions longer on hay and pasture than on corn to Between 1960 and 1976, Americans increased of dollars, and may have withdrawn their reach full weight. During that time, ranchers their beef eating from 85.1 pounds a year to money. would have to pay for hay (now selling at almost 129 pounds each. And the number of "We overbuilt our feedlot capacity in this $50 a ton) and other expenses. Ultimately, cattle fattened in feedlots nearly doubled country by 20 per cent," says Bill Jones, ex ANCA insists, a grass-fed steer would cost from 7 million head to over 12 mlllion. The ecutive vice president of the National Cattle only a few dollars more than a corn-fed one, animals in the feedlots are only one stage Feeders Association. "Before the energy and its carcas would produce less usable meat. removed from the juicy steaks treasured by crunch it looked as if the demand for meat Young steers and heifers could be slaugh Amerioa.n consumers. protein would never stop growing. We were tered instead of being sent to feedlots-but Today, however, fundamental and perhaps jerked up short," he said. at that stage of their growth their carcasses permanent changes are under way in the SOme of the big commercial feedlots built are bony, not meaty. American beef economy, spurred by a be in Texas have closed down, and at least one Yet farmers do raise beef cattle on nothing wildering array of social and economic devel major one went bankrupt. more than pasture hay and silage. That is opments. And the big feedlots are at the The farm magazine, Agri Finance, reported done in the East and South, where extremely center of the storm. last summer that outside investors were thick pastures can support large numbers of One of the major developments is the "waiting in the wings" to buy cattle again cattle per acre. rise of the fast food industry. The billions as soon as it became more lucrative. To some, that seems to be an appealing of hamburgers sold by McDonald's so far is Yet, many farmers, feedlot operators and model. indicative of the evolution of this country their bankers are wondering when, if ever, "There wlll be less and less beef that's fed into a hamburger eating society. Fast-food that will be. a lot of grain," says a Denver banker. "The restaurants specializing in hamburgers are The cattle fattening industry in the United fact is you can still turn out a beef animal spreading, and almost half of the beef eaten States, and the era of inexpensive grain-fed into the desert and he'll survive. He'll put on in the United States is :1.ow in hamburger beef, was based upon a seemingly limitless half a pound a day instead of two and a form. supply of cheap corn. That luxury existed half-but he'll survive." Hamburger mewt doesn't have to be made in no other country in the world and it helped from beef animals fattened on corn. Some to explain why the cattle feedlot is a uniquely of it comes from the ground-up trimmings American institution. of carcasses of beef animals from feedlots. Beef a.nimals eat nearly one-sixth of the But a substantial amount is made from lean, CONDEMNATION OF FRANCE FOR country's corn crop every year-and America RELEASE OF POLITICAL TERROR imported beef, or from ground-up cows that grows half of all the world's corn. spent most of their life eating hay and pas Today, it is by no means certain that corn IST ABU DAOUD ture. wlll ever again be available at bargain prices. M the same time, a sharp increase in corn The price of growing corn has been increas prices that started in 1973 has completely ing because the higher costs of petroleum HON. J. HERBERT BURKE upset the old profit-and-loss equation that based fert111zers and pesticides, and rising OF FLORIDA made feedlot operators rich in the 1960s and land prices, have made crop farming a costly IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES early 1970s. business. Tuesday, February 1, 1977 In 1972, it cost less than 30 cents rt;o add The American beef economy is also in one pound to a beef animal in a fattening yard; today it costs as much as 45 cents, directly experiencing the impact of global Mr. BURKE. of Florida. Mr. Speaker, and in some periods of the last three years economic and diplomatic developments over the action taken by the Government of the cost was more than 50 cents. The in which it had little or no control. The demand France on January 11, 1977, releasing creased price of corn is the main reason. for American corn has been steadily increas the alleged leader of the Munich Olympic These changes have already caused sub ing abroad, as foreigners eat more hogs and games massacre, Abu Daoud, is in com stantial adjustments in the operations of poultry and need grain to raise the animals. plete disregard of the fundamental prin feedlots. Monfort and other operators are In 1972 and 1973, U.S. corn exports jumped from 27.1 million metric tons to 43.1 million ciples of human decency and interna economizing by shortening the time they tional justice. No action by any major feed corn to animals. tons, partly because of the Russian grain Even so, the fattening yards have been purchases, which were part of Washington's Western power since the dark days of caught in an economic pincer of high feed detente strategy. World War II can even begin to surpass cost and low market prices for the fattened Then the weather gave the agricultural the cynicism and total lack of moral re cattle. Monfort, which may be the world's economy another jolt. sponsibility inherent in these recent largest, lost $10 million on its feedlot oper In 1974, the drought-stricken crops in the actions. By following this course France ations in the last fiscal year. United States were so poor that the country has signaled to the rest of the world Surprisingly, the company's president, would have had to import grain if American livestock and dairymen had used as much that she no longer has the willingness, Kenneth W. Monfort, says he feels the ad to justment may be a good thing. When corn grain as they had in 1973. They didn't though, or perhaps even the capacity, pro was very cheap some calves were put on a because corn prices reached record levels as vide the moral leadership usually ac heavy corn diet when they weighed as little foreign buyers outbid users of corn here at corded a power of her station. She has as 350 pounds and left in fattening pens for home. In Washington, officials argued that gone against her own high political a whole year. The final month tended to add the country needed these sales abroad to principles symbolically contained in her fat but not much meat. help offset the cost of importing more and national emblem, the Tricolor-liberty, Monfol'!t says this practice was extremely more expensive oil. In that respect, the American beef industry equality, fraternity. In fact, France has wasteful. "We're in the process of going back become a party to those very same kinds to a more reasonable industry," he says. "We has been a major victim of the 1973 price have a cattle feeding industry with twice as hikes by the oil producing countries. of actions which she has consistently de much capacity as we really need. We're try Many farmers slaughtered their animals plored throughout her long and fruitful ing to eat our way out of a problem." instead of paying more for grain. This proc history. When grain prices were low and cattle were ess of kllling animals instead of feeding Mr. Speaker, let there be no mistake bringing good prices in the 1960s, the beef them is still under way in the beef industry. about the kind of man who stands at the business was a glamour field. Thousands of Most predictions 'are that there will be center of this moral outrage. Mr. Daoud wealthy outsiders, ranging from Hollywood much smaller supplies of corn-fattened beef is a member of the Revolutionary Coun stars to big city dentists, bought steers from coming to market by late this year. That .cil of AI Fatah, the principal guerrilla ranchers and turned them over to profes could push up prices. If consumers refuse to organization of the Palestine Liberation sionally managed feedlots for fattening. pay those prices--which should then begin Organization as well as being a con The beef boom encouraged the spread of to reflect the higher price of corn--cattle commercial cattle fattening in the south men might be forced to tum to more eco fessed member of its Black September west, particularly in the Texas panhandle. nomical ways of producing beef for the group. On September 5, 1972, at the At the peak of the boom nearly half the cat nation. Olympic games in Munich, Germany, tle being fed corn were in those big commer Cattle industry officials insist that there members of the Black September orga cial feedlots, the government estimates. can be no permanent return to the days o! nization attacked the quarters of Israeli 3214 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1977 athletes resulting in the death of 11. in Paris was not kept informed of the pro needed. The hallowed principle that judicial In 1973 the American Ambassador, Mr. ceedings, the legality of which is more than proceedings must be conducted publicly was Cleo Noel, was killed by this same or arguable, and only after repeated contacts, grossly violated in this instance. with both the Ministry of Justice and the 8. France signed the European Convention ganization while being held hostage Ministry of Foreign Affairs, did he receive for the Suppression of Terrorism on Novem against the release of Mr. Daoud who confirmation of the illegal release of the ber 10, 1976. This Convention has admittedly was being incarcerated in Jordan. As requested person. not yet entered into force; it does, however, late as 1975 two officers of a French DISTORTED ACCOUNT state that the taking of hostages and the use police branch were murdered by the From reports appearing in the media, it of grenades and automatic firearms shall not mysterious "Carlos" who was a colleague appears that the French Government has be regarded as political offenses, and that of the Black September organization. these are crimes for which extradition must been circulating a highly distorted account be granted. By its conduct, France has vio Unquestionably, Mr. Daoud is at the of the legal position. It is claimed that the Extradition Treaty between France and lated the spirit of this Convention and has center of one of the most notorious inter acted in contradiction to all its international national terrorist organizations. Israel entered into force only in 1974 or obligations under its Extradition Treaty with To all responsible individuals even a 1975 and that, since the acts attributed to Abu Daoud were committed in 1972, the Israel. semblance of justice would demand this Extradition Treaty does not apply to them. To Sum Up: man be brought to trial to determine his It is also alleged that the murder in Munich 1. France stands in breach of the Extra guilt or innocence. But to deny this op is subject to Israeli jurisdiction under an dition Treaty with Israel, under whose terms portunity is to cast a pale over the face amendment to the Israeli Criminal Code it was obliged to arrest Abu Daoud immedi of a civilized society and the expecta which was passed on March 1, 1973, whereas ately upon receipt of the Israeli application. tions of those .individual members who the crime itself was committed in 1972, so 2. There was no justification for France's that--once again-the Extradition Treaty decision to submit the case to any tribunal look to its writ for their own security at this stage. The arrest should have been and happiness. It calls into question the does not apply. In order to clarify the legal aspects of automatic, and legal proceedings ought only very legitimacy of that government called this matter once and for all, we call atten to have been held in connection with the upon by the good people of France to tion to the following points: formal request for extradition that was to rule. There can be no doubt--and let 1. The Extradition Treaty between France have been submitted at a later stage. the record of this august body of Con a.nd Israel was signed on November 12, 3. Even if French Law permitted such pro gress so state-that the recent actions 1958 and ratified on November 14, 1971. It ceedings, Israel ought to have had the op is on the basis of this Treaty that Claude portunity to be present. of the Government of France demeans These breaches of International Law by the very concept of justice and reduces Lipsky was extradited to France in Novem ber 1971, and that other requests for extra France will only serve to encourage interna it to a pro~ess of selective discrimination dition to France have since been granted. tional terrorists, who will from now on be based on the self -serving principles of 2. The murders in Munich were committed aware that a legal precedent exists making it material gain and material comfort. in September 1972; but even had they been possible for murderers to find asylum on In conclusion, I would like to include committed previously, Article 23 of the French soil under the cloak of secret pro into the RECORD a summary of the facts Treaty expressly states that it also applies to ceedings. relating the Abu Daoud case-with par crimes committed prior to its entry into force. ticular re~erence to its legal aspects-as released by the Embassy of Israel in 3. The allegation that the amendment to SATELLITE PICTURES MAY EX the Israeli law conferring jurisdiction upon PLAIN DESERTS AND DROUGHTS Washington, D.C., on January 17, 1977. Israeli courts in respect of acts of terrorism The statement is as follows: committed outside Israel was passed by the On January 10, 1977, on the basis of the Knesset only on March 1, 1973 is not correct. HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE Extradition Convention between Israel and The amendment took effect on March 28, OF TEXAS France, Israel submitted, pursuant to Sec 1972, in other words, prior to the Munich tion 10 of this Convention, an urgent re murders. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES quest to the French authorities for the pro 4. The argument that In 1972 French Tuesday, February 1, 1977 visional detention of Daoud Uda Oith el courts had no jurisdiction over terrorist acts Halidi el-Silwani also known as Abu Daoud, committed outside French territory is not Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, an Israeli born in 1937 in Jerusalem. The subject en valid, since Artide 55 of the French Consti scientist using NASA Landsat data has tered France on January 7, 1977 with Iraqi tution of October 4, 1958 expressly states outlined a mechanism which may explain Passport No. 1044138, issued on March 6, 1973 that, in the event of a contradiction between the reasons of deserts and cyclical in the name of Raji Yusef Hana. an international treaty and French Law, the droughts in some parts of the world. I Israel's request was transmitted to the treaty shall be applied. urge my colleagues to take a few minutes · French authorities both through our Am 5. The French Government conducted its read about another example of how bassador in Paris and through the Police. case in camera, although the French Extra to Under the provisions of Section 11 of the dition Law of March 10, 1927 expressly states mankind here on Earth may benefit from Extradition Convention between France and that such cases must be considered in open knowledge gained through space tech Israel, which has been in effect since No forum unless the court decides to hold pro nology: vember 14, 1971, the French authorities were ceedings in camera on grounds which must Dr. Joseph Otterman, Lands.at investigator obliged to keep the subject in provisional be expressly stated. at Israel's Tel Aviv University, has used Land detention for a period of up to 60 days, pend 6. Contrary to universally accepted prac sat and other satellite data, ground and air ing the submission of the formal request for tice, and to the procedures which we have craft reflectance and temperature measure extradition. always maintained in our relations with ments in a study which concludes that the A warrant of arrest was issued for this France whenever the latter has submitted highly reflective soils of the Sinai, denuded person by Judge Shalgi of the Jerusalem an extradition request to us, France main because of overgrazing by domestic animals, Magistrate's Court on January 10, 1977. The tained no contacts with us, on either the are cooler under Sun illumination than the subject was accused of murder (Section 214 diplomatic or the legal level, during the controlled grazing lands of the neighboring of the Criminal Code Ordinance of 1936) , court proceedings. The French authorities de Negev. manslaughter (Section 212), conspiracy to liberately withheld all information about this The Negev, virtually undisturbed by goats commit a felony (Section 33), abduction matter from the Israel Embassy in Paris. It or sheep, has a more stable soil condition, (Section 256), causing grievous bodily harm it a generally accepted rule that the State more vegetation and more dark pl-ant debris. (Section 235 and 238), unlawful wounding legal authorities represent the interests of Because of these factors the Negev absorbs (Section 241), wounding and assault in griev the requesting State in all extradition mat more of the Sun's radiation, causing a mass ous circumstances (Section 251A) and aiding ters. Yet on this occasion all the proceedings of heated air, or "heat mountain," which abetting, counselling, procuring and con were deliberately carried out without Israel's rises to form clouds and precipitation. The spiring to commit the said crimes (Sections knowledge and with a degree of secrecy which Sinai, with no such heat mountain, has 23 and 24). is usually to be expected only from totali much less rainfall. We stated in our request that the offenses tarian regimes. Dr. Otterman says his theory possibly ex were committed 1n connection with the at 7. Furthermore, the proceedings were car plains the formation of deserts along North tack on members of the Israeli team at the ried out with inordinate haste. Whereas the Africa's Mediterranean coast and also pat Olympic Games held in Munich, Germany, tribunal which dealt with the matter nor terns of cyclical drought: if, because of in September 1972. mally meets only on Mondays, in order to drought animals die off or move, the vegeta We were informed by the press media that deal with the most urgent matters, this time tion recovers. The ground reflectivity then the French authorities, despite our request, it met on Tuesday. The only other time that decreases, surface temperatures increase and and in violation of an explicit international this tribunal met other than on a Monday, rains return to normal. The population then obligation undertaken by France, had re in an urgent matter in which human life gradually increases, begins overgrazing with leased the requested person. Our Ambassador was at stake, four days' advance notice was domestic animals and starts the cycle agQin. February 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3215 "As a gross oversimplification, it can be service in Europe during World War n A former chaplain's casual remembrance postulated that a population explosion in where he received the Purple Heart and of one particular death notification, then grazing herds during the 'seven fat years' is spontaneous tears. An abrupt tremor in a the cause of the 'seven lean years,' " otter Oak Leaf Cluster. young businessman's voice as he attempts to man says. To Tom and his wife Carolyn, I say explain, in clinical terms, this anger which Interviewed at NASA's Goddard Space "good luck" and we will all miss you. lies deep within, beyond clear expression. Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md., home base for The war was over long ago and mainly the Landsat project, Otterman suggested forgotten when this new President 1d'3Ued his that this mechanism might be studied in THE PARDON AND THE VIETNAM pardon proclamation for those who refused other parts of the world. VETERAN to serve in it. His action seemed to distress One of the Landsat photos of the area some citizens, in part because it reminded studied by Otterman clearly shows the them that there had been a war. denuded, high albedo (refiectivity) regions of HON. CARL D. PURSELL It is this loss of memory which seems most the Sinai and Gaza Strip in sharp contrast OF MICHIGAN to rankle the veterans from Vietnam, not to the darker western Negev. The line be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the pardon, not the old arguments of whether tween the light and dark area coincides with the war was right or wrong, whether it wa~ the 1948-49 Armistice Line between Israel Tuesday, February 1, 1977 moral to fight or to resist or to run. What and Egypt, where a fence was built about five Mr. PURSELL. Mr. Speaker, recently, aggravates the old scars is this strange no years ago. tion that they are the only souls walking A precision radiation thermometer fiown President Carter announced his pardon around in this great nation with anything over the Sinai-Negev border in August 1973 of many draft offenders with the intent left of the war inside them. showed that surface radiation temperatures of healing the Nation's wounds. Many of What follows are brief conversations with were about 45 degrees C (113 degrees F.) on those voicing opposition to the pardon three men from the millions, a quick glimpse the Negev side and about 40 degrees C (104 cited the sacrifice of the Vietnam vet only of what must surely lie out there across degrees F.) on the Sinai side. In February eran as the basis for their opposition. Yet America. They are successful people, moving 1974, these measurements were repeated with of all the voices speaking out on behalf forward with their private lives, capable aLd the instrument hand-held at ground level. self-confident and, therefore, their feelings These averaged about 33.5 degrees C (92.3 de of the pardon, few have voiced similar are probably less dramatic than others which grees F.) on the dark side and about 30 de concern for the wounds--emotional and might be told. grees C (86 degrees F.) on the bright side. physical-of the Vietnam veteran. Like The purpose of their words is not to re Atlhough weather satellite (NOAA-2) ther wise, of those using the sacrifice of the open the old political arguments, the old mal imagery shows the Negev warmer than Vietnam veteran as an instrument to wounds, but to make a. simpler statement: the Sinai, a more satisfactory quantitative blunt the pardon, few have mentioned it 1s a terrible thing, even obscene, that other assessment is expected from a third Landsat reaching out to the Vietnam veteran to Americans should forget so easily when some satellite which will carry more precise heat thing more needs to be done. A monument measuring instruments. help ease his sacrifice. How can we bind or a law or something. The problem is nobody Otterman was a 1974-75 Research Associate the Nation's wounds without dealing has yet figured out how to say to all those of the National Academy of Sciences, Na with theirs? veterans the healing words they need to hear. tional Research Council, at Goddard Center. In all honesty, is this not an anoma Giovanni Pacheco, a 31-year-old marketing Landsat, circling the globe 14 times a day lous position for those truly concerned executive in New York, is one of those hand 912 kilometers (560 miles) overhead, surveys with the Nation's wounds and/or the some success stories that walk around Ar~er Earth natural resources with an electronic sacrifice of the Vietnam veteran? ica, advertising the best opportunities for multispectral scanner that returns data for I hope each Member of this House will those who will struggle. visual images and computer tapes from "Gino" Pacheco grew up in Los Angeles, which experts can distinguish different types closely scrutinize Congressman Dow a Chicano son who wanted to break through of terrain, vegetation, soils, rock outcrops NEY's discharge review legislation and the traditional barriers which excluded Mex and other surface features. Congressman WoLF's accelerated entitle ican-Americans. Thanks partly to the Army, Besides mapping forests and possible min ment legislation, both of which I believe he made it. eral areas, the data has been used for will substantially assist these veterans. After fiunking out of college, he enlisted, among other things-measuring crop acre I am aware that veteran's legislation and the Army made him an officer. He did ages, mapping snow cover, detecting oil has been productive in the past; how two tours in Indochina with the Green slicks, mapping urban and agricultural land Berets, he became a student of guerrilla war use, detecting offshore dumping of sewage ever, in light of the pardon, I feel the fare, the tactics and history from the Ameri and industrial waste, monitoring the envi Congress must move .commensurately to can Revolution to Algeria and Vietnam. After ronmental effects of strip mining and locat recognize the military service of the men the service, Harvard Business School accepted ing potential earthquake zones. and women who complied with our laws him as a bright minority applicant, and now Landsat-1 has been in operation since July or served voluntarily. he has a master's degree and a promising 1972 and a sister spacecraft, Landsat-2, since I would also hope that President Car career. January 1975. A third one is planned for ter in choosing his Veterans Administra Still, the war seems like a fresh experience launch by NASA next year. when he talks about it, like a burden that is tor, appoints a person sympathetic to the still following him as he goes briskly up the Vietnam veteran and not a busineSs-as ladder. usual individual. The article appearing "I don't think most guys are ever going to in the January 23, 1977 Washington Post forget combat, especially in Vietnam," he TRIDUTE TO THOMAS H. TEAR by William Greider bears this out. said. "If you come home and get a pat on the In addition, another group of people back, you're willing to forget all the bad whose wounds still fester are those or stuff. When you come back and you get a lot HON. M. CALDWELL BUTLER of crap, guys saying you were a fool to go, phans whose men remain MIA. I think guys saying you're a murderer, you can't OF vmGINIA it is just as anomalous that neither sup really put it away, it's impossible to forget." IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES porters nor opponents of the pardon As Pacheco explains it, the Vietnam ex Monday, January 31, 1977 mentioned these men. perience put a lot of minority group young Finally, and probably most impor men like himself through a kind of vicious Mr. BUTLER. Mr. Speaker, it is a tantly, in light of the pardon, I believe it double-door-first offering them acceptance privilege for me to join with other is time to erect a memorial or some other and mainstream status for their able per Members of Congress in paying tribute formance in uniform, then · taking it away form of recognition on behalf of the when they got home and found that Vietnam to Thomas H. Tear, who is retiring this 56,000 men and women who gave their month after serving as minority chief was a national disgrace. lives in the war. "I guess minorities feel this more strongly page of the House of Representatives The article follows: than anyone else," he said. "Having been out since 1953. (By William Greider) casts, they feel like, damn it, I earned my The page program is not only an im Certain scars from the war probably lie spot. I proved myself. Then we come back portant service to Members of Congress beyond the healing power of a presidential and we get none of this. Instead, they give but it is one which is a tremendous in proclamation, like little bits of shrapnel you a penny when you need a dollar and they ftuence on the lives of the young men buried too deep for easy removal. want to forget about the whole thing." and women who serve as pages. These pop up, now and then, briefiy ag Pacheco is in hock for $12,000 for his col· gravating, according to young men who were lege, which doesn't bother him greatly since Tom has played a major role in the there. A recurring dream perhaps, fighting in he has a good start with a major corporation success of this program. an unnamed patch of jungle, the helpless and the benefits of a classy education. What Tom came to the House with a dis feeling where peoplr. are shooting at you but rankles him is the memory of the Mexican tinguished background which included you can't see them. American and black kids he counseled at Ft. CXXIII--203-Part 3 3216 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1977 Carson, Colo., who couldn't make the same 'I think veterans feel, I would like the For a while he flew with a general into hot leap and weren't getting much encourage load taken off me. Something to say: look, areas where perhaps someone wanted to see ment to try. you jerks, I didn't start the war. I didn't a chaplain, perhaps not. After a while, that "When I first went in, a lot of us were ap make the policies. I did what I did because seemed pointless too. prehensive about Vietnam," he sa.ld. "It was it was my obligation, like my father's ob "I just said to hell with it," he said. "I '66, the thing was getting heavier over there. ligation, like my grandfather's. If it was don't think it's worth it. I don't think it's We accepted the fact that we were going to wrong, fine, but don't burn us for it." that important. I'm not going to do it Vietnam. We were kind of looking forward Lyman Sale Jr., a sturdy man with red anymore." to it." dish brown hair and the resonant voice of When Capt. Sale resigned his chaplaincy, Pacheco won a slot at officer candidate a natural-born preacher, grew up in north his home denomination, the American Bap school, then volunteered for Green Beret Georgia, and was called to the Baptist pulpit tists, was upset. "I got the impression they training at Ft. Bragg, N.C. He went to. war when he was 17 years old. After several thought I had chickened out," he said. Later as adviser to a Vietnamese army unit on the churches, he became an Army chaplain, when he made himself understood better, he Cambodian border in the delta region-well where God's ministry seemed so much more had to explain that he didn't want to crusade schooled in guerrilla tactics, but unprepared immediate and necessary. against the war or the Army, which he st111 for the backlash from home. "When I was 17, I guess I thought I was admired. He simply no longer believed in "I stopped reading the American news going to convert the world," he said smiling. what he was doing or what they were doing papers," he said. "They were so pro-North "Now at 41 I just hope to be able to some in Vietnam. Vietnam. I got very close to the Vietnamese how make it myself without getting in the So he left the church as well and started I was advising. I got to know them. I liked way of my family and the other people I a new career. them. I got to the point where L really didn't meet." The real world, he says he believes, is a care what people in the states thought." Chaplain Sale left the Army and the pul lot tougher place than orthodox religion But he heard from friends, who wrote to pit, and drifted away from orthodox fa.lth. or pacifist philosophy prepares one to him as though they feared he had lost his He now sells automobiles in Northern Vir encounter. senses. ginia ("selling tangibles instead of intangi "Religion to me now is simply a father "They couldn't understand what hap bles," he jokes). Maybe this would have hap wish projected against the heavens," he said. pened to me," he recalls. "Why I joined this pened to him anyway, without Vietnam. "And we would like it to be true that God 'killer' organization, the Green Berets. Why I On his first tour in 1968, Capt. Sale w.a.s is there. We don't know whether He is or not, got sucked in." hospital chaplain in the Eighth Field Hospi we'd like it to be true. We would like it to At one point, Pacheco wrote a 27-pa.ge tal at Nhatrang, the coastal zone which he be so that there is going to be peace in the letter to a friend, trying to explain the war remembers as strangely idyll1c, mornings world and that, if we all lay down our arms. in terms that made sense to him. And he gathering sea. shells along the beach, after nobody's going to run over us. But, in reality, heard from his younger brother, Patrick, who noons praying with the wounded. that doesn't happen." at 18 was applying for conscientious objec "It was a bad scene in the sense that it Lyman Sale's changed thinking could be a tor status and was ready to go to jail if was war," he said, "but it's something that, metaphor for so many Americans, painful turned down. if you lived through it, you look back on it knowledge gained from the hard experience. "Even though I was looking at the mlli with some real genuine feelings of, well, it He still believes in God but it is no dogma tary as a career," Pacheco said, "We were was one of the greatest times of my life." ("I simply hope there is"). He still believes very close. I really admired him for it. I The war came and went in that strange in peace, but he thinks pacifists must be ag think it takes a helluva lot for a man to way. He drank coffee in the morning with gressive ("taking peace to the enemy before say I'm going against the society and I'm he brings war to you"). brave friends, the air medics, and one even And he yearns sometimes to go back to willing to pay the price." ing he looked over their incinerated bodies, In November, 1968, when his tour ended, Vietnam and see the places where he once trying to help identify them. served, but he has moved on to a different Pacheco was back in the states only a few But strangely enough, the war reached him days when he wired Washington, asking for perspective of himself. more profoundly in 1969 back home in Wash "I decided I'm going to stop trying to con reassignment to Southeast Asia. ington where he was assigned as battalion "The vibes were too bad here," he said. vert the world and other people", he said, chaplain of the Presidential Honor Guard "and I'm just going to live my own life and "Everyone I talked to was a negative. What stationed at Ft. Myer. He conducted mor~ is it like to kill? How does it feel? Like that. let other people live theirs." than 600 funerals at Arlington Cemetery and Jan Scruggs, a slender and serious young A lot of it was just well-founded curiosity, I delJvered "death notifications" to the fami think but a lot of it was twisting it in you. man who lives in Silver Spring fingered the lies of Vietnam casualties. He remembered: Uttle bit of shrapnel underneath the skin It was like-hey-you're really a loser." "That was the hardest part of my job ... Pacheco went back to the war, caught a below his knee. "I ought to get it taken out," To be the first one to say that, you know, he said idly. little bit of shrapnel in his posterior. From your husband or your son was on a military home he heard that one cousin was court mission in a military aircraft and shot down Scruggs caught 12 bits of metal from a martia.led for refusing an order. Another was and burned. That was a rather terse message. rocket-propelled grenade one day on an in discharged with psychological problems It was the official one, about all that you fantry patrol in the Xuanloc region, but he when a close friend was killed. could give them at that particular moment. had his poncho rolled up tight on the back "I did have a difficult time adjusting when I think it cut into a lot of my own idealism of his belt and it caught a fragment headed I got back," he said. "It was sort of an eye about. how beautiful the world can be ... To for his spine. opening experience. We did our job, guys got think that we allow it to continue and we So he was lucky then and, in a. way, Scruggs killed, but we expected that. I lost some just go right on as though it were a part of is lucky now. Unlike a lot of other veterans, damn close friends, and I never really cried life and there's nothing any body can do he has found a way to focus on the resent over it because they were doing a job. Then about it." ments and frustrations left over from Viet when I got back, I really freaked out." Usually, the chaplain did not have to say nam without getting lost in them. Indeed, Pacheco worked it out, with support from much. The people knew the meaning of his Scruggs has found a way to objectify them his family. "Vietnam was good for me," he visit. to measure the scars and reduce them to said. "The Army made me an officer, gave me Once, he remembers, a woman pounded social science statistics. management experience, got me into Har on his uniformed chest, wailing: "Why The 26-year-old veteran studied psycho· vard, made me take a good look at myself and couldn't it be you instead of him?" logical counseling at Prince Georges Commu at the world as it really is. Nothing good was "I never did answer," the chaplain said. nity College and did graduate work at Ameri going to happen to me unless I was going to "It was just something she was feeling at can University and on his own, has surveyed do it for myself." the time." the Vietnam after-effects among Washing But why didn't the other Vietnam vets, Back in Vietnam in 1972, the American ton area veterans. he wondered, band together and build their presence was diminished greatly, but the own mutual-support organizations like the He tramped around the campuses handing chaplain still traveled by helicopter to visit out questionnaires to veterans and non-vet ones from earlier wars? troops in the field. "I've thought about this and I always erans, to those who served, in combat and come out at the same point," Pacheco said. "I'd have my own helicopter and pilot and those who didn't, and now he is preparing "We were a bunch of losers, and no group co-pilot, lower gunner and crew chief," he the results for publication in a professional is going to get together and be tagged a recalled. "I would think about it as I'd be journal. bunch of losers. I think people want to flying along, I'd be thinking, if we got shot The numbers on Scruggs' tables are dry, forget us as soon as possible." down, somebody would have to take the but their message is chilling. Only about What could anyone do now? Pecheco isn't notice for each of those men as well as my half of the Vietnam veterans in his sample sure. A TV campaign perhaps, or a monu family. feel the war did not leave them with psycho ment or better GI benefits, some gesture of "I got thinking about what I was doing and logical problems. The effects were stronger respect. He doesn't know the remedy, but he whether it was worth takin3 them out there among those who saw heavy combat, among still feels the burden: like that, so I stopped taking them out." draftees rather than enlistees, among those February 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3217 who opposed the war afterward, among black Pennsylvanian John Fries); by Thomas Jef NUCLEAR PoWER Dm MUCH To SAVE THE veterans. ferson (for those convicted under the Allen U.S. IN FRIGID CRISIS Scruggs found that the men who served and Sedition Laws and for those who deserted (By Frank Starr) in combat, especially when their units suf the militia during the affray against Aaron fered heavy casualties, are more likely to Burr), and by James Madison (for those who WASHINGTON .--on a cold morning. two had "deserted from the Army" during the weeks ago Monday an event of major slgnifl have lower trust in other people, greater cance occurred: the whole eastern half of political alienation, more divorces, lower war of 1812). During the CivU War, Abraham Lincoln the nation had an electric power emergency. self-esteem. That it didn't develop into a major black "It's still a live issue, it's not a dead issue," pardoned all citizens of the Confederacy who agreed to lay down their arms; and he par out like the one in 1965 was partly a re Scruggs insisted. He thumbed through the sult of new procedures instituted after that short bibliography to demonstrate how little doned all Union soldiers "now absent from their regiments without leave" who "report earlier event to prevent such blackouts. research has been done by psychologists to Nonetheless some power companies had to understand these things or what to do about themselves to a rendezvous." Death sentences go to their last-resort procedure--cutting them. for desertion were commuted to imprison ofl power to customers. Scruggs went through the same "negative ment for the duration of the war. Andrew What was especially signiflcant about it feelings" when he came home from the war, Johnson pardoned all those who had partic was that, whereas such crises had hereto when nobody was interested in his medal for ipated in the rebellion, excepting only Jeffer fore been summer phenomena, this one oc gallantry or the different world he had seen son Davis. The only condition was an oath curred in the dead of winter-partly be in the jungle. "to henceforth faithfully support, protect cause of record low temperatures. Com "As far as it affects me now, I don't know," and defend the Constitution." bined with natural gas [or other fuel) he said. "When I think about the social-class In modern times, Woodrow WUson "fur shortages which already threatened, this implications, the people I served with, the loughed" from prison those who, for reasons new problem could mean serious economic Navajos and Apaches, the blacks and Chi of conscience, violated the World War I Se and human damage in the future. canos, people from Puerto Rico who were lective Service laws. Warren G. Harding par What happened was this. Utllities in a drafted, the ones I saw die, it just tends to doned Eugene V. Debs and others 'Convicted band of states from Indiana, Michigan, and give me some pretty negative feelings." under the World War I espionage laws. Calvin Kentucky east to Virginia experienced a rec Like many of the combat veterans who an Coolidge pardoned all those who had vio ord winter demand of 56,200 megawatts that swered his questionnaire, Scruggs still dreams lated the World War I draft or espionage day. But in addition to the 11,000 megawatts about it occasionally, not one recurring laws and those who deserted the armed forces of Midwest generating capacity already out dream but certain themes that he recognizes after the Armistice. Franklin Roosevelt par on routine maintenance, another 9,000 mega as reflections of his war service. doned and restored to full citizenship all watts was incapacitated because coal piles The dream, he explained, is this: those who had violated any World War I law, were frozen, coal was wet, or oil and coal "Basically you are in combat situations. excepting only those who had fled the barges were paralyzed in Ohio River ice. You are kind of helpless to do anything country. Elsewhere, equipment was crippled by lee frustrating type of situation in combat. You Harry Truman exercised the pardon power deposits, and high winds snapped lee-heavy never really saw the enemy during battle. on three occasions: In 1945 for World War II transmission lines. Across the whole inter All you saw was a thick vegetation in the deserters who had one year's honorable serv regional networks of power exchanges, the jungle, explosions to your right and left and ice; in 1947 for those who had violated the 60-cycle frequency began to sag-a sign the bullets hitting trees all around you." World War II draft laws for reasons of con demand was not being met. science, and in 1952 for those who deserted Phone calls began between regional power after World War II hostUities had termi pools and to individual companies. All ex nated. cess capacity was ordered onto the line in an During the Korean War, a large number of effort to hold the frequency up. The next step THE AMERICAN PARDONERS: FROM American soldiers were captured, and some was 5 per cent voltage reductions. Then came WASHINGTON TO EISENHOWER 4,500 or so became "turncoats" who aided the appeals to industrial consumers to cut back enemy. President Eisenhower ordered that demand. And finally in Virginia, Georgia, none of them be prosecuted absent "the most and some parts of Florida, customers, includ HON. THEODORE S. WEISS compelling and convincing evidence" of ad ing residential users, suddenly found their ditional "serious crime." power going off for an hour or more at a OF NEW YORK Thus, the American tradition is one of time. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES reconciliation; in the words of Lincoln, to do "all which may achieve a just and lasting The New England and New York power Tuesday, February 1, 1977 peace among ourselves," President-elect Car pools were exporting electricity to the Mid ter's announced program of amnesty lies well west and the South. New York, for the first Mr. WEISS. Mr. Speaker, the ongoing time ever in winter, reduced voltage by 5 per discussion of the amnesty issue could not within that high tradition. FRANK THOMPSON Jr., cent in order to be able to export. Even New be complete without reference to actions Member of Congress, 4th Dist., N.J. Brunswick in Canada was putting on extra by past Chief Executives relative to par (Prof.) DANIEL H. POLLITT, capacity. dons and other acts of amnesty. Our University of North Carolina. An unusual thing had happened. distinguished colleague, FRANK THoMP WASHINGTON, Jan.14, 1977. Previously the nationwide weekly output soN of New Jersey, together with Prof. had always peaked in the summer. A record Dan Pollit of the University of North of 41.79 billion kilowatt hours set in the Carolina, pointed out in a recent letter summer of 1973 had stood for almost three to the New York Times, that 12 past years untU last summer when it hit 43.8 Presidents have granted pardons for the THE ENERGY PROBLEM billion. But even on the week before that Monday, national good. I would like to share Mr. Jan. 17, the record had been broken once THOMPSON'S and Mr. Pollitt's letter again-with a 45.5 billion total. with my colleagues; it provides informa HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI OF TI.LINOIS But here is the kicker. The East Central tion which can assist us in making judg states were 90 per cent dependent on coal, ments about President Carter's pardon IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES much of which was locked under mountains plans. The letter follows: Tuesday, February 1, 1977 of ice or was wet when brought in. Dayton THE AMERICAN PARDONERS: FRoM [Ohio] Power and Light, for example, was WASHINGTON TO EISENHOWER Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, as the operating at 50 per cent of capacity. To the EDITOR : House today debates the so-called But the areas that were balling out the Mr. Westmoreland's recent comments ("No emergency energy bill, it is well for us coal-fired generators were largely nuclear Pardon for Draft Evaders," Op-Ed Dec. 12) to ponder the entire energy problem powered. In the New England pool, all seven that President-elect Carter's proposed pardon facing the country. of the nuclear plants were operating and pro for all Vietnam draft evaders "would be The Chicago Tribune's Washington viding 30 per cent of the output. Only one without precedent" indicates that history, columnist, Frank Starr, in an article in plant there is coal-fired; the rest use oU. like war, is too important to be left to the Northeast Utilities in Hartford, Conn., is the January 31, Tribune, analyzes the entirely nuclear. generals. positive contributions of nuclear power A partial listing of the "precedent" in According to the Edison Electric Institute, cludes pardons by George Washington (for to effectively help in alleviating energy the utilities' trade association, Chicago's those guilty of treason in a "whiskey re shortages that this country is facing Commonwealth Edison, which is normally 40 bell1on" ); by John Adams (for those con during this abnormal winter season. per cent nuclear had coal freezing problems. victed of treason in the insurrection by the The article follows: But with a 5 per cent voltage reduction, it 3218 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1," 1977
met its demand through an increase of Regretting that many of these demands World Wildlife Fund, meeting in San Fran nuclear output to 48 per cent. Six of its arise from whims, fads and fancies rather cisco, U.S.A., from 1 November to 1 Decem seven plants were on line with one out for than from essential requirements of human ber 1976: routine maintenance. society; Congratulates the young people of Came The only nuclear-powered plant reported Being concerned that such demands en roon, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia and India on incapacitated by the cold weather was Vir courage over-exploitation of these wild ani their initiative in forming wildlife clubs, ginia Electric Power Company's Surrey in mals and plants not included in the Conven and trusts that the Governments of these stallation, which failed because ice from the tion on International Trade in Endangered countries will give them increased support; James River clogged its water intakes. Species of Wild Fauna. and Flora, conse Urges other Governments of the world to In short, it probably can be said, with only quently threatening their continued sur facilitate and encourage the establishment slight exaggeration, that nuclear power bailed vival; of youth organizations for conservation in the country out of an emergency on the The Fourth International Congress of the their respective countries. morning of Jan. 17. WorZct Wildlife Fund, meeting in San Fran Recognizes that lasting conservation of na The antinuclear lobby won't be pleased cisco, U.S.A., from 29 November to 1 Decem ture and natural resources can only be about that, but it did happen. ber 1976: achieved in the context of balanced develop Draws attention to the threats to wild ment; resources from demands for curios and Being aware that both the international souvenirs promoted through the tourist and national agencies that provide aid for WORLD Wn..DLIFE FUND industry; for specimens of, for example, development have been paying increasing at butterflies, sea shells and corals; for live tention in recent years to the need to con animals by the pet tr:a.de; and for wild skins, serve the potential of natural resources and HON. JOSEPH L. FISHER furs e.nd other products to satisfy fashion to avoid incidental or indirect harmful ef OF VmGINIA or human vanity; fects of development; Urges all Governments to institute effec Considering that, in order to ensure bal IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tive mea~;ures to regulate the taking, process anced development, each country should have Tuesday, February 1, 1977 ing and trading of these wild species for a national plan to provide inter alia for the these purposes; conservation of representative ecosystems Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, during the Appeals to conservation organizations and and of the generic resources of its fauna World Wildlife Fund Fourth Interna the public of all countries to exercise their and :flora; tional Congress, held in San Francisco, influence and pressure to encourage rejec The Fourth International Congress of the November 29-December 1, 1976, a number tion of the ethics by which these demands World Wildlife Fund, meeting in San Fran of resolutions dealing with wildlife re are at present promoted. cisco, U.S.A., from 1 November to 1 Decem sources throughout the world were 24. Use of anticoagulant chemicals to control ber 1976: vampire bats Recommends that Governments should de adopted. velop such national plans as soon as prac Today I am inserting into the CoN Being aware that vampire bats (Desmodm ticable; GRESSIONAL RECORD seven Of the resolu rotundus) cause major problems in parts Urges the World Bank, the United Nations tions adopted at the meeting. Also I am of Central and South America; Development Program, and other interna introducing into the RECORD the World Knowing of recently developed chemical tional and national funding agencies to pro Wildlife Fund's San Francisco declara control programs based on anticoagulant vide resources for the development of these substances; plans; tion on the seas. Recognizing that these chemicals may be While I do not necessarily endorse Recommends further that such funding applied intraruminally (in hosts), or di agencies should ensure that an ecological im every position taken by the World Wild rectly on captured bats, and on the walls pact statement should be prepared by a com life Fund, I did want to bring the reso of roosts (caves and trees); petent independent organization in the plan lutions to the attention of my colleagues: Believing that every effort must be made ning stage of the developments and that FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF THE to develop control methods that are species developments should only be supported that specifl.c; WORLD WILDLIFE FuND conform to sound ecological principles. Being convinced that the topical applica DR.U'T CONGRESS RESOLUTIONS tion of anticoagulants either on captured No. 28. Conservation and saving of energy 21. The ratification, accession and implemen bats or roost walls presents a potential Convinced that prospective energy defi tation of international conventions by non d:anger to wildlife other than vampire bats; ciencies in the 1980's could produce a crisis party States The Fourth International Congress of the of potentially disastrous proportions for both Recognizing that the fullest application of World Wildlife Fund, meeting in San Fran rich and poor nations; the Convention on International Trade in cisco, U.S.A., from 29 November to 1 De Believing that it is possible to avoid or Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, cember 1976: mitigate this new energy crisis by urgent the Convention Concerning the Protection of Urges a total ban on all topical methods and determined action, particularly by the the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, of application of anticoagulant chemicals high energy consuming countries, including: and the Convention on Wetlands of Inter to control vampire bats; ( 1) acceptance of the fact that we must national Importance Especially as Waterfowl Requests that all other methods of vam make the transition to a society in which en Habitat would be of great consequence for pire bat control be implemented only with ergy costs are high; (2) special measures to the conservation of the world's wildlife and in defined problem areas and that the ex deal with the problems of those who may be natural heritage; istence of these problem areas be docu disproportionately or inequitably hurt by Aware that the ultimate effectiveness of mented; this transition; (3) urgent action to secure these Conventions depends upon their uni Welcomes data from independent field agreement between OPEC countries and oil versal application; studies on the long-term effects of vampire importing countries on levels of price and Noting that a resolution promulgated by chemical control programs on vampire bat supply during the important transition pe the First Meeting of the Conference of the popUlation densities, both locally and over riod of the next ten years; (4) a vastly Parties to the Convention on International the vampire bat's geographical range, and stepped up commitment to the development Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna on any indirect effects on other speices of and use of environmentally sound energy and Flora, Bern, Switzerland, 2-6 November wildlife; and sources and in particular such "soft" tech 1976, called for greater participation in that Recommends further research by inde nologies as solar and wind power; ( 5) a mas Convention; pendent organiza.tions to determine the sive commitment to energy conservation and Appreciating the spirit of universality pathways of chemicals and their breakdown energy/saving practices; including more ef which prevailed at the time of adoption of products used in control programs for vam ficient use of existing energy sources, not as each of these Conventions; pire bats. one option among others, but as an indis The Fourth International Congress of the pensable pre-condition to the successful 25. Support for youth conservation transition to the high energy cost economy; World Wildlife Fund, meeting in San Fran organizations cisco, U.S.A., from 29 November to 1 Decem (6) use by Governments of the public policy ber 1976: Recognizing the necessity of education to levers available to them to make the impor create awareness and knowledge of conser- Urges that States that are not yet doing so, tant adjustments in the sytsem of incentives should ratify or accede to each Convention vation among the young people o! the world and penalties which motivate the economy at the earliest possible opportunity and, until to ensure the long-term maintenance of all so as to bring about these changes; they become Parties, should act in the spirit conservation efforts; The Fourth International Congress of the Recognizing that the African-born idea of of each Convention. World Wildlife Fund, meeting in San Fran Wildlife (Nature) Clubs is today accepted cisco, U.S.A., from 29 November to 1 Decem 22. Trade in wildlife products not covered by as one of the most effective means of creat the Washington convention ber 1976: ing awareness of conservation needs among Calls upon governments and their leaders Realizing that demands for certain wild the young by involving them actively in the to give such measures highest priority; animals and plants and their products are practical aspects of conservation; Further calls upon citizens as individuals rapidly increasing; The Fourth International Congress of the and through their own organizations to pro- February 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3219 vide the support required to make such out facing up to the possib1lity of these at $14,000, $450; at $16,500, $570; at measures possible-through their own atti resources disappearing. $20,000, $850; and at $50,000, $3,130. tudes, their expectations, their behaviour as Today national boundaries are being ex cons'lUllers, as voters and as the prime actors tended far into the oceans-but for as long Even those singles who file as head of in the social environment in which these as marine animals cross those boundaries household are discriminated against. A changes must be effected. or occupy the diminishing areas of interna widowed, divorced, or single parent with 29. Support from oil producing countries tional waters, and for as long as we remain children to support pays up to 10 percent unwilling or unable to adopt management more than the married couple with one Whereas the Permanent Representative of procedures that recognize the needs of these the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Ambassador income. At an $8,000 income, the single animals, the potential for control offered by parent pays $1,480-$100 more than the Baroody, on November 1st, 1976, introduced increased national jurisdiction will remain into the 31st session of the United Nations small. married couple with one income. General Assembly a resolution which "Ap The seas are a resource but much more A woman who goes to work to supple peals to all oil producing countries to con than a resource. They are a symbol of hu ment the family income is now penalized sider introducing a levy of a VAT of 1 cent manity's ability to live in harmony with our by the tax system for such initiative. For per barrel which, though insignificant, would only home. This ab1lity is now gravely in example, if a woman goes to work to amount to between 200 and 300 million dol doubt. Only an immediate and enormous lars per annum which shall be deposited in supplement her husband's $5,000 a year effort by all the peoples and nations of this income, and her income is $5,000, the a special account of the United Nations En planet can change that doubt into hope. Our vironment Program to help save the bio programme is such an effort. couple will pay $200 more in taxes than sphere for mankind"; if they were two single persons filing in The Fourth International Congr ess of the dividual returns. World Wildlife Fund, meeting in San Fran These higher rates for singles and for cisco, U.S.A., from 29 November to 1 Decem married working couples were mandated TAX EQUITY FOR SINGLE PERSONS ber 1976: in the 1940's, when most families con AND MARRIED WORKING COUPLES Congratulates and commends the Govern sisted of a working husband and a wife ments of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for this enlightened initiative which offers new who lived at home. Then, a working wife hope and encouragement to all those who are was the exception, and her income was concerned that our fragile planet Earth con HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI added to that needed to sustain the tinues to be a secure and hospitable home OF KENTUCKY household. for the whole human family; and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Today, the pressures of inflation and Further pledges its full cooperation and the changing view of women's role in Tuesday, February 1, 1977 support to the Government of Saudi Arabia society have drastically changed that and the Secretary General of the United Na Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, I have situation; 89 percent of wives who work tions in their efforts to obtain the accept joined 92 Members of the House of Rep are from families with a total income of ance and effective implementation of this vitally important proposal. resentatives in cosponsoring Rep. En $25,000 or less per year. The great ma WARD KocH'S bill, H.R. 850, ending tax jority of working women come from THE WORLD WILDLIFE FUND'S SAN FRANCISCO discrimination against single persons and lower- and middle-income families. As DECLARATION married couples where both persons the role of women in society has changed, The seas that wash the shores on which so has their employment patterns. More this great city is built reach out to all the work. peoples of the earth. Ocean waters temper This legislation would extend to all women today are entering the labor force heat, soften cold, and fall as rain to slake unmarried individuals the full tax bene than ever before, and indications are that the thirst of all communities, however far fits of income splitting now enjoyed by that trend will continue gaining momen inland. married persons filing joint returns on tum in the years ahead. The seas give life. They sustain many a single income. The bill would also as These changes in societal standards of the creatures of our planet. They feed us, sist married couples where both persons and in the purchasing power of the dol and bring us pleasure, beauty and peace. work, who in some cases are more highly lar necessitate a complete revamping of The seas give life-and in return we the tax laws affecting single persons and humans take that life. We harvest greedily, taxed than two single individuals earn careless of the ability of fish or whales or ing the same income. married couples where both wife and turtles to maintain their numbers. We pol This quirk in our. tax laws has created husband work. lute in ignorance of the seas' capacity to the absurd situation where couples some Last year the Ways and Means Com absorb our wastes. We devour the homes and times obtain divorces to avoid paying mittee set up a task force to study the larders of the llfe of the seas, destroying higher taxes, though they have continued problems of tax treatment of single per tomorrow for the sake of today. living together. sons and working married couples. That The Seas Must Live. Without them, we At present over 54 million taxpayers task force has yet to produce its recom shall be less able to feed the generations to are discriminated against solely on the mendations. I hope that the Ways and come. Without them, the lives of all of us wlll be irredeemably impoverished. Already basis of their marital status. Whether Means Committee will take up this issue this impoverishment has begun. The Steller's widowed, divorced, or unmarried, a sin in 19?7, and establish a universal, pro sea cow is extinct. The Carribean Monk Seal gle person who works pays up to 20 per gressive tax rate for all taxpayers, what too has almost certainly followed it to ob cent more in taxes than a taxpayer with ever their marital status, as embodied in livion. Many species of whales, dolphins and a nonworking spouse filing a joint return. H.R. 850. porpoises, seals, the sea otter, dugongs and manatees, crocodiles, turtles and sea birds By filing a joint return, those married couples where only one spouse earns an are threatened with extinction. DRAFT EVADERS All of these species play their parts in income can split that income and thus the generous processes of the seas. If we are pay taxes at a lower rate. A person earn unable to live with them that generosity ing $30,000 a year can file a joint return HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE will be undermined. with his or her spouse, and pay two taxes OF TEXAS The seas reach out to us all. Let us all on $15,000. Since the tax rate on $15,000 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for our part reach out to them and to the is lower, that method is significantly creatures that dwell in them. We, the par cheaper than a single person filing alone. Tuesday, February 1, 1977 ticipants of the Fourth International Con gress of the World Wildlife Fund assembled Single persons now pay higher taxes Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, before here in San Francisco call on our fellows than married couples, where the husband President Carter chose to pardon the throughout the world to join in a common alone is the wage earner. Those married Vietnam-era draft evaders, I expressed endeavour. We must protect the feeding, couples filing jointly are penalized, as to him my opposition to any such pro breeding and resting areas of the animals of their tax schedule has higher rates than posal. Now that the pardon has been the seas. We must safeguard the nutrient the schedule for single persons filing granted, I would like to express my views sources and the nurseries of our fisheries. alone. for the public record. We must regulate our use of marine animals In beginning his inaugural address, at levels that can be sustained. We must To give some examples: A single tax control the extent to which we use the seas payer earning $12,000 annually will pay Presid~nt Carter stated: $2,630 in taxes before credits. If he or For myself and our nation, I want to to dump our wastes. We must recognise the thank my predecessor for all he has done to interdependence of all species: we cannot she is married, however, they will pay heal our land. contemplate the exploitation of the food spe $2,260-a difference of $370. The tax cies of animals already exploited by us with- penalty for neing single at $8,000 is $210; Yet, in beginning his administration 3220 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1977 with a blanket pardon of Vietnam-era vey of Vietnam deserters showed that Americans and their friends who are draft evaders, he has opened old and only 14 percent of those processed under dedicated to the advancement of Irish new wounds alike. The pardon has the amnesty program were motivated by culture and interests, held its first an brought the Vietnam war back onto the objection to the war. Personal problems nual dinner at the Sheraton Hotel in front pages of our newspapers and pain and concern for their own safety were Philadelphia on January 12, 1977. This fully into the minds of those individuals most often mentioned. dinner was attended by over a thousand and families who suffered the most from If the pardon of draft evaders was it persons, including clergy, union leaders, the war. self a moral decision, then on what moral and members, and civic and political I fear that the pardon's main effect basis should draft evaders receive par leaders. will not be to heal our land, but to lower dons while deserters receive jail terms? I was privileged to attend along with the morale among those men and women Although I condone neither desertion nor many of my constituents, and with in our armed services who are dedicated evasion, the moral basis for pardoning Mayor Frank L. Rizzo, President Judge to protecting our land. one group and not the other seems tenu Joseph R. Glancey, Supreme Court Jus As an American citizen who fought ous at best. In fact, one could argue that tice Michael J. Egan, Commonwealth and was injured in World War II, I deserters, at least, served their country Court Justice James C. Crumlish, Jr., would ask just whose "wounds" will the up to a point-they made an effort, how Auditor General Robert P. Casey, and pardon "bind up?" Surely not the over ever little or much, to serve their military Deputy Mayor Philip E. C. Carroll. whelming majority of the next of kin of obligations; while evaders served not a The Irish Society's President James J. the 56,234 American dead from all causes single day for their country. O'Neill, president of Plumbers Union in Vietnam; the 303,000 wounded; the Who can say what the consequence 690; register of wills, Thomas A. Leon families of the hundreds still carried as will be of pardons to those who evaded ard; prominent attorney Michael J. missing in action; the 591 prisoners of their responsibilities as citizens because Stack; and the society's able adminis war; the 2% million who served honor of personal inconveniences? Who can say trator, George Costello, directed the ably in Vietnam; or the 600,000 con whether the fine moral line between draft evening's festivities. Awards were given scriptees who served in Vietnam, like it evading and desertion will be used as to industrialist and philanthropist John or not, of which 71,500 were killed and/ justification for future desertion? Even McShain; author and civic leader Owen or wounded while so doing. today there is a serious desertion prob B. Hunt, a native of Ireland; and the dis As past chairman of the House Vet lem that the pardon may compound. In tinguished Irish poet Thomas Kinsella. erans Affairs Committee, I have visited 1976, for example, the Navy suffered the Mr. Kinsella's award was presented li>Y with thousands of the 29.7 million pres highest desertion rate in its history, Philadelphia lawyer, John M. Elliott, ently living veterans--citizens who have more than double the highest Navy rate whose remarks eloquently underscore the served this country in time of war and during the Vietnam war. The Marines lyrical, forceful, and abiding role of peace. I have visited hundreds who were and the Army are also experiencing poetry in Irish life. America's cultural in hospitals, many of those for life, as a serious desertion problems. and social pluralism has been enhanced consequence of service to their country. If wartime draft dodging is to be by these contributions. I too hope that Others with whom I have talked-par excused by the Commander in Chief, the traditional values of the power and ents, wives, and children-were not so why not the less serious offenses of peace lucky. Their loved ones made the ulti purpose of poetry, including Tom Kinsel time absences? Most importantly, for the la's become contagious. mate sacrifice of life. safety of all Americans, should future The pardon of draft evaders can only On behalf of the Irish-American So conscription become necessary, will not ciety and their friends I wish to include make these wounds more painful. The young people be tempted to evade the pardon will not "get the Vietnam war a copy of remarks made by Mr. John draft in the hopes of future forgiveness? Elliott at the society's recent dinner in over with"; it can only prolong the Who then will be left to defend our agonizing memories of those who served the RECORD: freedoms? REMARR::S OF JOHN M. ELLIOTT when called upon. I question whether While Presidential pardons are pro that price is too high to pay simply to The Irish Society tonight honors the dis vided for in our Constitution, a blanket tinguished Irish poet Thomas Kinsella. This placate the few who refused to serve in pardon is tantamount to a mass burial evening Tom, presently a Professor of Eng any capacity. of due process of law. Judicial findings lish at Temple University, is admirably en In our concerns for those who evaded in light of individual circumstances are joying his holiday sabbatical in Ireland. the draft for moral reasons, let us not circumvented; and while our judicial Too often Irish history and culture are forget that our country provided alterna system is not perfect, no American well kept secrets. Ireland's history has too tives. They could have served in non should expect more, nor settle for less, frequently been written by her enemies. In combat positions. In contrast to most so than his fair day in court. America, and indeed PhUadelphia, the Irish cieties throughout history, they were do not control the press, the media, the in More than most, I know full well that ternational publishing houses, the leading given a second chance after the war. wars are fought by boys, sUffered by President Ford's amnesty program would academic institutions, the foundations or women, and started by men old enough the major financial institutions. Our story have allowed them to work in peaceful to know better. But-and here is the ha.s not yet been told. Unfortunately, no activities in lieu of military service. How crucial "but"-while we hate war, we, Irish have been appointed to the incoming ever, only 14 percent chose to do so. In President's cabinet. We have become too con effect, they were saying their citizen as a free nation, should never desist in tent and fra.,am.ented. our support for those who are called Thus, tonight is highly appropriate for ship entailed no responsibilities of serv upon to fight. ice on their part. They not only did not this diverse and vast group of Irish-Amer want to fight; they did not want to work History will judge what wars are "just" icans-and our friends-to honor Thomas in behalf of their country. ones; but without a firm and recognized Kinsella, a great Irish poet, and to recall the obligation of its citizens to serve when great glory of Irish poems. In a free society, we must respect the asked, our Nation's history could be Poems are not the exclusive preserve of right of all individuals to their moral be the educated and the a1Huent. Generations liefs. Yet, when those beliefs differ with shortlived; for no free nation can sur of hard working Irish-Americans infused the the laws established to maintain that vive unless its people are willing to ac American dream with a rich lyricism and in free society, the individual must face the cept the huge obligations of their free domitable hope which sprang from their keen obligation his beliefs entail. In this case, dom. minds, devoted hearts, and strong backs. Great poetry can be written by the quiet dig we only asked that conscientious ob- nity o! housewife's love for her family; by jectors offer alternative service which THE ffiiSH SOCIETY HOLDS FIRST a nun's commitment to her pupils; by a po- did not conflict with their views. Should ANNUAL DINNER liceman's hazardous sacrifices to maintain an individual not be willing to face this c1v111zat1on; by the daily and often unher obligation, I would truly question the alded contributions of the teamsters, mi depth and sincerity of his moral posi HON. RAYMOND F. LEDERER ners, steel workers and teachers, whose daily tions. OF PENNSYLVANIA labors strengthen the sinews of our land; In our concern for those who evaded and by the men of public commitment--like IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the late Mayor Richard J. Daley-whose ca the draft for moral reasons, let us also Tuesday, February 1, 1977 reers reach back into a tradition of hard not forget that the large majority of ship and sharp discrimination which drove draft evaders were probably not moti Mr. LEDERER. Mr. Speaker, the Irish the Irish to politics, an art through which vated by moral objectives. An Army sur- Society, a broad-based group of Irish- they have well served the Commonwealth. February 2, 1977 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3221 May the strength and the beauty of our "They shall be spoken of a.mong their people but they all worshipped and served the same traditional devotion to God, country, family, The generations shall remember them God of justice and liberty, which thanks to and freedom continue to fuel our poetry-and And call them blessed their great efforts today smiles on the Irish our purpose. Let us not forget the Cardinal "But I w11l speak their names to my own Republic. Doughertys, Jack Kehoes, John F. Kennedys, heart However, Tom Kinsella's strong voice has and the men and women of the row homes, In the long nights. The little names that not forgotten that Ireland wlll not be free the patches, the coal holes, the parishes, the were until justice also reigns in the North. union halls and the city halls, who have con Fam111ar once round my dead hearth In a compe111ng blend of lyricism, history tributed so much to the vindication of the and force, Tom's Butcher's Dozen reminds American dream. "Lord, Thou art hard on mothers us: Remember a Jew was elected Mayor of We suffer in their coming and their going Dublin before one even ran for Mayor of And though I grudge them not, I weary, "-An Empire-builder handing on. Philadelphia, and the Irish born Sister Fee weary of We reap the ruin when you've gone, han opposed the viciousness of apartheid by The long sorrow, and yet I have ttly joy; my All your errors heaped behind you: opening her school to all children regardless Sons were faithful and they fought." Promises that do not bind you, of race or religion, and in doing so reminded Hopes in conflict, cramped commissions, Thomas MacDonagh was shot the next day. Faiths exploited, and traditions." the world that she was "merely following the He said: teachings of Christ to whom the color of "The proclamation of the Irish Republic "My curse on the cunning and the bland, children's skin means nothing". The beauty has been adduced in evidence against me, one On gentlemen who loot a land ·and the truth of her actions is an enduring of its signatories. They do not care to understand; poem, which sharply contrasts with the in "You think it is already dead, a. buried Who keep the natives on their paws sensitivity of many of the worlds more afflu letter, but it lives, it lives. With ready lash and rotten laws; ent, more sophisticated citizens, who benefit "From minds alight with Ireland's vivid Then if the beasts erupt in rage from, tolerate or blink away this intolerable intellect, it sprang. In hearts aflame with Give them a slightly larger cage discrimina.tion. Ireland's mighty love, it was conceived. Such And, in scorn and fear combined, Centuries of Penal Codes, Acts of Union and other brutally oppressive measures documents do not die." Turn them against their own kind. made the Irish a. uniquely oral culture. Bat Next, Joseph Plunkett was executed just The game runs out of room at last, tles won and lost; hopes and dreams; God, hours after marrying his fiance, the talented A people rises from its past, sky and the sea-all found full expression artist Grace Gifford in his cell. As a wedding in our poetry, song and oral tradition. present he gave her his immortal: The going gets unduly tough "I see his blood upon the rose And you have (surely ...?) had enough. As you know, many of Ireland's greatest And in the stars the glory of his eyes The time has come to yield your place patriots were poets. catholic and Protestant With condescending show of grace" alike they gave their words and often their His body gleams amid external snows lives for a free Ireland. The men of the His tears fall from the skies We have a. great culture and a rich his Easter Rebellion were a great amalgam of I seek his face in every flower tory. Men like Thomas Kinsella enhance it, humanity. They were idealists without mu The thunder and the singing of the birds but we must all individually and collectively sion, who shared a common heritage with Are but his voice--and join the fight. The Irish Society has sig many of us. Carven by his power nificant work to do ln Philadelphia and in Rocks are his written words James Connolly and James Larkin were deed throughout Pennsylvania. We must be coura.gt."<>US pioneer union organizers. Pad "All pathways by his feet are worn come a strong voice and a vital force in pro raic Pearse was a teacher, poet and lin His strong heart stirs the ever beating sea., tecting and expanding our traditional con guist; his younger brother Willie, a sculptor. His crown of thorns is twined with every tributions: to religious vocations, to govern Thomas MacDonagh was a widely pub thorn ment, to education, to public safety, to the lished English scholar whose book on the His cross is every tree." medical, legal and business professions, and to virtues of family and community life, if influence of early Anglo-Saxon metres in Their beautiful and immortal words, join Irish poetry is st111 a classic. the qua.Uty of llfe in this region is to be ing those of Shaw, O'Casey, George Moore, enhanced. Joseph Plunkett was a poet and editor of Countess Markievicz, Maud Gonne and many Another Irish poet, President John F. Ken the Irish Review. EXcept for James Larkin, of other great Irish literary talents rang like who was absent in America, all these men of nedy in his epic speech at Amherst, reminded tne blows of a million hammers on the anvil us of the power and purpose of poetry: extraordinary talent, vision and sensitivity of oppression and made sparks fly which st111 were brutally executed by the British. "When power leads man toward arrogance, light Ireland's soul. poetry reminds him of the richness and The wounded Connolly was too weak to Thomas Kinsella's resonant and lyrical diversity of existence. When power corrupts, stand and was shot in a. chair; Padraic and works are in this great tradition. His classic poetry cleanses." W1111e Pearse were shot within a. few days of Another September, Downstream, Night each other. Our contemporary challenge is eloquently walker and Other Poems have won critical sounded in Yeats "Under Ben Bulben," which Padraic's epic poem to his mother, which acclaim. urges us to seize inspiration from our hangs over Rose Kennedy's bed, would move His Butcher's Dozen powerfully decries the splendid heritage and even a stone: sectarian and religious strife which our ene "I do not grudge them: Lord, I do not mies have d111gently planted in Ireland to "Cast our minds on other days grudge obscure the common purpose and sacrifices That we in coming days may be My two strong sons that I have seen go out of the Irish people. Still the Lndomitable Irishry" to We must never forget ·that Robert Emmett, Tonight is a. great beginning. Philadelphia Break their strength and die; they and a Erskin Childers, and Charles Stuart Parnell is lucky to have the indomitable Tom Kin few in did not go to the same church as Eamon de sella's quality and strength with us. May his Bloody protest for a glorious thing Valera, Michael Collins or Daniel O'Connell, example be contagious.
SENATE-Wednesday, February 2, 1977 (Legislative day of Tuesday, February 1, 1977) The Senate met at 11 a.m., on the prayer and creative refreshment. Grant Senate from the President pro tempore expiration of the recess, and was called us strength and wisdom to persevere for (Mr. EASTLAND). to order by Hon. JAMES B. ALLEN, a Sen- what is right and good for the Nation-a The assistant legislative clerk read the ator from the State of Alabama. day productive of sound legislation. following letter: U.S. SENATE, When evening comes grant us the peace PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, PRAYER of those whose minds are stayed on Thee. Washington, D.C., February 2, 1977. The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward We pray in His name, who went about To the Senate: doing good. Amen. Being temporarily absent from the Senate L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following on official duties, I appoint Hon. JAMEs B. prayer: ALLEN, a Senator from the State of Alabama, 0 Lord, our God, make us good work to perform the duties of the Chair during my men this day. May there be no apathy, no APPOINTMENT OF ACTING PRESI absence. fid JAMES 0. EASTLAND, indifference, no wasted minutes, no DENT PRO TEMPORE President pro tempore. dling with trivia, no unseemly procras tination, no unnecessary postponements. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk Mr. ALLEN thereupon took the chair Help us to use the pauses for silent will please read a communication to the as Acting P.resident pro tempore.