3178 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 197? EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

METHANOLASANENERGYSOURCE of fuel. At the present time, the amount ful, consistent performance of duty in an of methanol made in the United States assignment essential to the orderly and is only about 1 or 2 percent of the amount efficient operation of the minority side of HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST of gasoline we refine. If we do not im­ the House, and, with a tinge of regret, I OF VIRGINIA prove these statistics, we are neglecting join in a fond farewell. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a potentially abundant source of energy. May Tom and his family enjoy good The United States comprises 6 percent Tuesday, February 1, 1977 health and contentment in the years of the world's population, yet we burn ahead-and may he be inclined to visit Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, I am up 33 percent of the world's energy. The often with his many friends here. today introducing legislation to encour­ severe energy crunch we are now experi­ age the use of methanol as an alterna­ encing coupled with the oil embargo by tive fuel for motor vehicles. This bill the Arabs in 1973 surely dramatize the would encourage the construction of need for increased energy supplies and SICK PAY TAX EXCLUSION methanol-producing facilities by allow­ self-sufficiency. We need to explore every ing a 5-year rapid amortization in addi­ possible avenue of new energy sources. tion to a 10-percent investment tax My bill is a rational one designed with credit. Second, it would exempt fuels our future energy needs in mind. It rep­ HON. WILLIAM (BILL) CLAY which are at least 10 percent methanol resents the kind of concrete energy pro­ OF MISSOURI from Federal excise taxes. gram the American people are calling IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I believe it is time for the Congress to for. I urge my colleagues in the House Tuesday, February 1, 1977 begin a real program for the develop­ to join me in supporting this measure. Mr. CLAY. Mr. Speaker, the sick pay ment of methanol as a viable substitute tax exclusion by the Tax Reform Act of for gasoline. Why methanol? Methanol, 1976 has been a matter of grave concern more commonly known as wood alcohol, to large groups of persons. is more easily obtained, cleaner, and THOMAS H. TEAR more efficient than gasoline. In a recent I wish to share with my colleagues a test performed at the Massachusetts In­ letter from a representative of the Amer­ titute of Technology, a compact car run­ HON. J. KENNETH ROBINSON ican Federation of Government Em­ ployees which sets out in simple language ning on a fuel mixture of 30-percent OF VIRGINIA the reasons why this aspect of the Tax alcohol and 70-perce.nt gasoline got bet­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Reform Act is offensive: ter mileage than on plain gas. The cars Monday, January 31, 1977 JANUARY 11, 1976. tested at MIT used between 5 and 13 per­ Hon. Wn.LIAM L. CLAY, cent less fuel. Methanol can be substi­ Mr. ROBINSON. Mr. Speaker, I desire House of Representatives, tuted for from 15 to 30 percent of the to join the distinguished gentleman from Washington, D.C. gasoline in automobile fuel tanks with­ Illinois

Roman Empire,'" Mr. Considine says. "There UNIMPRESSED BY THE FAMOUS impression that he was uneducated, but he must be a lesson there somewhere." Mr. Shor liked to say, "Friends are better attended Drexel Institute and the Wharton At the time, Toots was in decline too. In than money." And 1f his friends needed School of Business at Penn University be­ 1971, his 52d Street restaurant was padlocked money, he often loaned it to them. fore becoming a traveling salesman of shirts for nonpayment of $269,516 in Federal. state "When I loan a guy something, it's out of and underwear. But in 1930, he moved to and city taxes. Confidently, he announced, my mind," he once said. "I don't think I've New York where he was a bouncer at the "I'll be open in three weeks." But it was 18 ever been cheated. What the hell, 1f I have Five O'Clock Club-his introduction to celeb­ months before the 54th Street restaurant not got it back, it's st111 owed to me." ll'Lties. opened. What Mr. Shor allegedly owed others be­ Soon he moved to the Napoleon Club, then NAMATH NEVER WENT BACX came the subject of a libel suit that he to Billy LaHoff's, the Ball and Chain, the Some of Mr. Shor's tax problems are still brought against Sherman Billingsley, a long­ Malson Royale and Leon and Eddie's, all pending, according to Mr. Riback of the time rival who owned the Stork Club. nightspots of another era. restaurant concern, who said that until the "I wish I had as much money as he owes," "I was learning how to live," he said. "I Mr. Billingsley said on television in 1955, learned how important it was to be a time of his death Mr. Shor was continuing to spender, to buy a drink for people. There pay for his tax debts. leading a judge to rule that slander on tele­ By the time Mr. Shor temporarily re­ vision was the same as published libel, in an are savers and there are spenders. I don't opened his place on 54th Street, much of out-of-court agreement, Mr. Billingsley hang around with savers." his clientele had drifted away. Many died. agreed to pay $48,500 for the comment and He was a big gambler then. During the had to provide an apology in writing. 1936 baseball season, he was understood to Many moved to the suburbs. Many preferred have won $60,000 betting on the Giants but to gather in night spots closer to the new Mr. Shor tipped big, as much as $20 to a Madison Square Garden, whereas the old limousine driver. he lost it when they lost the World Series. Garden had been only a few blocks away. "I don't overtip," he said. "It's impossible LOST WITHOUT HIS SALOON And many younger people preferred the live­ to overtip." In 1959, he sold the lease to his original Her East Side bars. When he wasn't in his restaurant, he usu­ restaurant for a reported $1.5 million. The "All he ever talked about was Joe DiMaggio ally was at sports events. He was devoted to next year, he opened the 52d street restau­ and Mickey Mantle and Charlie Conerly, as the baseball Giants before Horace Stoneham, rant with the same decor-a circular bar, 1f nobody now knew how to play football or the Giants' owner who was a frequent cus­ wood-and-brick panelling, oak-plank floors. baseball," a friend recalls. "He lived in the tomer, moved the team to San Francisco But his camaraderie proved to be stronger past." after the 1957 season. Once, when the Giants than his business acumen. After the tax Joe Namath, the New York ~ts· quarter­ were on a losing streak, he shook his head agents padlocked the door, he was a lost soul, back, never returned to Mr. Shor's restaurant in confusion. drinking in Jimmy Weston's or Duncan's, after havlng been lnsul ted by htm several "I been thinkin' lately," he said. "I'm alone or with his wife, a saloonkeeper with­ years ago. raisin' my kids to be Giants fans. I don't out a saloon. Not everybody appreciated Mr. Shor's hu­ know if I'm doin' the right thing." "I'll get square," he kept saying. "I'll get mor. Many years ago, Louis B. Mayer, of In a showdown, Mr. Shor always preferred square, my family will get square, my friends Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, had to walt 15 min­ to socialize With one of his pals rather than will get square, the whole world will get utes before being seated for dinner. a stranger, no matter how famous. Once he square." "I hope we'll find that the food has been was sitting with Sir Alexander Fleming, the When he opened his East 54th Street res­ worth the walt," the motion-picture producer discover of penicillin, when he was told that taurant, many of his pals returned, but not said. Mel Ott, who had hit the 500th home run of as regularly as they once did. No longer was "It'll be better," Mr. Shor retorted, "than his Giant career that day, had a..rrived. the' restaurant the attraction lt once had some of your pictures I've waited in line to "Excuse me, Sir Fleming," said Toots, "but been. The decor was the same, but the at­ see." somebody important just came in." mosphere was not. Typically, for all the Mr. Mayer never returned to the restau­ He always was prominent at the World celebrities who had been his customers, there rant. Series, the big football games, the big fights never were any pictures of them on the walls In his brusque manner, Mr. Shor some­ and the big horseraces. For many years, he of Mr. Shor's restaurants. times alienated strangers. Once, when two attended most of the afternoon weekday "I'm an emotional guy," Toots explained. customers complained about having to walt games at the Polo Grounds and Yankee Sta­ "H there are pictures hanging of friends to be seated, he glared at them. dium. He had season tickets, which he cited who had died, it wouldn't work." "Who sent for you?" he snapped. as a business expense on his income-tax re­ At one of the many dinners in his honor For better or worse, Mr. Shor stirred an turns. through the years, Toots Shor perhaps best emotional reaction among people. They either "Going to the ball game, that's pleasure, summed up his reign as a saloonkeeper. loved him or loathed him. isn't it?" a Federal tax auditor asked him. "It's been Uke New Year's Eve every night "I'd rather be standing outside Shor's "Did you ever have to watch the St. Louis all these years," he said. "Except when some starving." Joe E. Lewis, the comedian, once Browns three days in a row?" Mr. Shor re­ wonderful pal has gone away." said, "than inside Ciro's belching." plied. Public viewing of the body will be today at But Mr. Shor didn't pretend to be every­ The deduction was allowed, without Mr. the Frank E. Campbell funeral home at 1076 body's friend. Shor even mentioning his political friend­ Madison Avenue. The hours are from 3 P.M. I'm not like wm Rogers," he once said. ships. He knew several Presidents, and Harry to 5 P.M. and from 7 P.M. to 9 P.M. The fam­ "I've met plenty of guys I didn't like. I don't Truman was his favorite. After a White ily asked that in lieu of flowers contributions mean hate guys. I don't understand hate. You House lunch once With President Roosevelt, be sent to the American Cancer Society. can dislike a man, but not hate him. But 1f I he was asked what serious issues they had Funeral services will be held tomorrow at don't like a guy, I wouldn't do nothin' for discussed. 10:30 A.M. in Temple Emanu-El. him. If I like him, there's nothin' I wouldn't "I kept eating the cake," he said. "It was On Thursday, at 2:30 P.M., a tribute to do. I ain't braggin' but I got something. damned good cake. I wish I could get the Mr. Shor wilt be held in the newest restau­ Maybe it's how to be a friend." recipe for my joint." rant to bear his name-at 253 Broadway, near For all his bluster, his sentimental attach­ Mr. Shor never pretended to be a devotee City Hall. Lew Rudin, the chairman of the ment to his friends was sincere. of the cultural arts, although he occasion­ Association for a Better New York, is ex­ "When I see a friend I haven't seen for a ally attended them. After the intermission in pected to announce the establishment of a few moments, we kiss each other. My son, "Hamlet" once, 'he said: scholarship in Mr. Shor's name. Rory, kisses me each morning and night," "I bet I'm the only bum i+t the joint who's Mr. Riback said that an annual scholar­ he said when his only son was a boy, "It's all going back just to see how it comes out." ship of $5,000 would be presented to a jour­ right for men to show affection. No one's nalism student chosen by the New York Another time, at a concert, Mr. Shor was· Press Club. It was decided to offer the prize going to think I'm a fairy." annoyed when Leopold Stokowski took At funerals, he invariably burst into tears. in journalism, Mr. Riback said, "because several bows during the performance. Toots was the greatest public relations man "You can make Toots cry with card tricks," "Look at that creep," Mr. Shor told a that ever existed." the comedian Rags Ragland, once said. companion. "I saw Carl Hubbell pitch a no­ Mr. Shor used "class" as a barometer for hitter and he didn't take bows. Let's leave his friends. at the half." "Class is when a guy does everything de­ The son of a German immigrant father of cent," he once said. "One time Larry Mac­ WE SHOULD· RECOGNIZE BOTH Austrian descent and a Russian immigrant CHINA AND TAIWAN Phail, when he owned the Yankees, wasn't mother, he was born May 6, 1903, in Phila­ speaking to me but for the World Series that delphia, and his speech was characterized by year, he made sure I had my usual allotment the fiat nasal accent of that area.. As a. boy, HON. PAUL SIMON of tickets anyway. That's class." he and his two older sisters lived above the With hls friends, he was unfailingly gen­ family candy store. When he was 15, his OF ILLINOIS erous. mother was killed by an automobile as she IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "When I was out of action one time," Paul sa.t on the stoop of their home. His father, Tuesday, February 1, 1977 Douglas, the actor, once said, "I went siX broken-hearted, committed suicide five months Without paying a tab in Toots' joint. years later. Mr. SIMON. Mr. Speaker, the Wash­ And I never got a bUl untU I asked for lt."' In later years, Mr. Shor enjoyed giving the ington Post recently published an article 3206 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1977 called "The Case for Not Recognizing have considerable freedom to travel abroad team consisted of nine men and two Peking" written by C. Martin Wilbur, where they can arrange visas. Many Ameri­ women. who is identified as a professor emeritus can students study in Taiwan whlle numer­ ous Chinese from there study in American CBS Sports covered the climb with a of Chinese history at Columbia Univer- colleges and universities. Scholars and scien­ six-man film crew to record the event. sity. ' tists from both countries collaborate in Directing the film. team was Mike Hoover, It touches on a policy area and suggests many research projects. Contrast these situa­ an experienced mountaineer and cine­ something that I think is basically sound. tions with conditions on the Chinese main­ matographer. Ed Goren, a CBS Sports It makes sense to recognize the Gov­ land, a. virtually closed world even for those producer, accompanied the climbers to ernment that exists on the mainland of countries that recognized the People's Re­ the Khumbu Icefall, which is the most China. But I do not believe it makes publlc 25 years ago. treacherous part of the climb. The United States has assisted the Repub­ sense to turn our back on the Govern­ lic of China. mllitarily, with training and I was pleased to present, on behalf of ment of Taiwan. There is neither historic equipment for its navy, air force, and army. President Gerald Ford, the President's justification for such a move, nor a de­ Because of this program, the defense of the Sports Award from the President's Coun­ fense or economic justification for such island by Chinese forces depends upon ac­ cil on Physical Fitness to the American a move. cess to replacement of parts and updating of Bicentennial Everest Expedition for their Such a posture-of recognizing both American equipment. Suppose we abrogate dedication and determination. Governments--is not satisfactory either our defense treaty with the Republic o! In announcing the television special, to the Government on Taiwan or to the China. Would the U.S. government or Ameri­ can manufacturers then be in a position to Mr. Barry Frank, vice president, CBB Government on the mainland of China. provide spare parts for the defense forces Sports, said: But it is a policy that makes sense and it of a. province of China? Suppose Peking for­ CBS Sports realized that this was a perilous is a policy that should be pursued by this bade it and declared a blockade of Taiwan. climb and a television gamble, but we recog­ Nation quietly but firmly. We should be The real situation facing the United States nized the courage and faith of this group of ready to work with the Governments of is that there are two Chinese governments, intelligent explorers. We feel this climb 1s a both Taiwan and China and I hope that each controlling large territories and govern­ reaffirmation of the toughness, determination under Secretary Cyrus Vance such a ing effectively. Each cla.hns to be the gov­ and the spirit of adventure that character­ policy will be pursued by our leaders. ernment of all China, but this is a fiction ized early America which is the kind of bi­ that the United States need not involve it­ centennial tribute CBS Sports is proud to The article follows: self in. Better for the present to seek a for­ bring to its viewers. THE CASE FOR NOT RECOGNIZING PEKING mula for recognition of each as the govern­ (By C. Martin Wilbur) ment of the territory it controls. Said Phil Trimble the team's leader: Many persuasive arguments are advanced Let the Carter administration explore As opposed to the other Everest expeditioruJ, in favor of speedy normalization of U.S. rela­ quietly whether the rival contestants will this one was mounted in a very, very short tions with the People's Republic of China, accept a different arrangement for Ameri­ time. The biggest difference is the way the yet there are equally strong "arguments why can relations with a. divided China, group was formed and the people in it. We this should not be done under Peking's three leaving aside questions of legitimacy and started with a group that had climbed to­ conditions, namely that the United States sovereignty. There is much that the People's gether in various areas of the world, but abrogate its security treaty with the Re­ Republic would gain from improved rela­ who were not the strongest national team public of China, remove all troops from Tat­ tions short of American tra.nsferrence of rec­ in climbing abllity. The group evolved with­ wan, and withdraw recognition from the gov­ ognition from Taipei to Peking: the possi­ out a formal selection process. and the ernment of the Republic of China.. b111ties of a commercial treaty, most-favored­ expedition didn't go through a lot of "hoopla" With new administrations taking shape in nation treatment, transfer of advanced tech­ about announcing plans and receiving appll­ both countries, is it possible that quiet nology, and possibly some settlement of prop­ cations. erty claims. If such exploration fails because diplomacy can find a way around this dilem­ Trimble added people who brought ma? the new Peking leadership insists upon its What would be the probable consequences preconditions for recognition, then the u.s. necessary strengths to the party. Thus. of abrogating our security treaty with an ally government can explain to the American peo­ the group, as a whole, has more high­ and transferring recognition from the gov­ ple that an earnest effort was made to im­ altitude climbing experience than the ernment in Taipei to the government in prove relations with the People's Republic o! 1963 American expedition. In addition Peking? At the least it would call into ques­ China but again foundered over issues of to Trimble, who heads the legal staff of tion America's commitment to the defense principle that neither side would compro­ the Economic Affairs Section of the U.S. of Japan, South Korea. and our allies in West­ mise. No diplomatic impasse need last for­ ever. State Department in Washington, D.C., ern Europe and the steadfastness of our sup­ there were Arlene Blum, a biochemist port for Israel. Even more serious is the moral issue-the U.S. government's bargaining the on the faculty of Stanford University continued security e.nd economic prosperity REPRESENTATIVE JOHN M. MUR­ Medical School in Palo Alto, Calif.; Bar­ of 16 million Chinese who, by enormous ef­ PHY OF NEW YORK SALUTE TO bara Roach, a modern dance teacher and fort and with American help a.nd encourage­ CBS SPORTS COVERAGE OF THE performer in Boulder, Colo. and her hus­ ment have established a viable state and a band, Gerry, a computer scientist and thriving economy. AMERICAN BICENTENNIAL EVER­ EST EXPEDITION'S ASSAULT professional photographer; Chris Chan­ Recognition of the government in Peking dler, a Seattle doctor specializing in as the government of all China. must imply acceptance of the position that Taiwan is a. emergency medicine; Hans Bruyntjes a province under the authority of that gov­ HON. JOHN M. MURPHY Dutch chemist; Dan Emmett, coowrier ernment; it must imply that laws and regu­ OF NEW YORK of a diversified real estate firm in Los lations of that government prevall in au IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Angeles; Frank Morgan, an international matters pertaining its provinces. After to Tuesday, February 1, 1977 laWYer practicing in Indonesia; Rick recognition, could our government sanction, Ridgeway, a freelance writer; Robert let alone support, U.S. business activities Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr. Cormack, a glider tow pilot; and Dee and investments in Taiwan that were not Speaker, I am ' sure many of my col­ Crouch, a staff physician at the Boulder approved by Peking? Could the United States leagues had the opportunity to view the continue to accord most-favored-nation Colo., community hospital. ' treatment to one province of China--an ar­ CBS Sports documentary "To the Top The expedition was assembled in Kath­ ra.ng~ment that has greatly helped Taiwan of the World: Assault on Mount Everest" mandu, Nepal, in late July-August 1976. in its trade with us? Could the Export-Im­ on the CBS television network, Friday, The approach through the Nepalese jun­ port Bank guarantee loans made to a. prov­ January 9, 1977. I am prompted to com­ gle was made during August, at the tail ince of China. without sanction of the gov­ mend this effort. end of the summer monsoon. The suc­ ernment we recognize? Transfer of recogni­ CBS Sports has ushered in America's cessful climb to the summit was made tion would give Peking many means for un­ during the "window" of relatively good dermining Taiwan's economy. tricentennial with a historic event for There are no American philanthropic, cul­ television-the successful attempt by a weather that normally occurs in late tural or missionary institutions in the Peo­ team of Americans to climb and film the September. The climbers used the South ple's Republlc of China: Its leaders expelled world's tallest peak, Mount Everest. This Col route blazed by Sir Edmund Hillary them all. Would normalization of relations was the first time in 13 years that an and Tenzing Norgay, in 1963, in the first with Peking mean the end of such enter­ American team has tried to reach Ever­ successful ascent. prises in Taiwan sooner or later? Americans est's summit, and only the second Ameri­ Mike Hoover, leader of the film crew, and most other nationals may travel freely can mission to the mountain. The Ameri­ and Ed Goren, CBS sports producer, to and 1n Taiwan, and Chinese residents can Bicentennial Everest Expedition were the coproducers of the Everest ad- February 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3207 venture. Mike Hoover was the director, New Yorker who traditionally lunched The existing welfare system has among Jack Whitaker was the narrator. at Sardis. One of his lunching friends 'other things contributed to the near The American Bicentennial Everest was Walter Winchell whose first motion bankruptcy of some of our cities, caused Expedition believes that the successful picture Mr. Eddy wrote in collaboration the dislocation of thousands of poor assault may help to open new horizons with Sig Herzig. people who emigrated from the rural for climbers and others who prefer not In 1932 another "first" took place in South to the urban North, and created to believe such tough and distant goals Mr. Eddy's life; he was married to his both strong disincentives for family beyond their reach. wife Lillian. Soon afterward Arthur breakups. Eddy's diligence attracted the attention In the case of the city of New York, of Warner Brothers and the large studio where I come from, the cost of welfare brought him to Hollywood in 1937 to and related programs stands between TRIBUTE TO ARTHUR EDDY handle their trade paper publicly. Once fiscal solvency and continuing deficits. again Mr. Eddy was mingling with the In this fiscal year the city's deficit will HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO celebrities as he managed publicity for be approximately $650 million, while its OF CALIFORNIA Bette Davis, Edward G. Robinson, Erroll expenditures for welfare and medicaid Flynn, Jane Wyman, Ronald Regan, and will total $1 billion. Thus, if New IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Humphrey Bogart. As Eddy came to York City were relieved of the cost of Tuesday, February 1, 1977 know Hollywood, his traditional lunch these programs its considerable deficit Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, a was shifted to the Brown Derby and a would be turned into a sizable surplus. man I know and admire has recently nightly coffee session with instigated at Given the serious flaws and devastat­ received a joint resolution from the Cal­ Schwab's Drug Store. Arthur Eddy's job ing effects of the current system, I be­ ifornia Legislature. I believe it fitting with Warner Brothers came to an end lieve welfare reform should be placed that we in Washington also recognize in 1940 but he remained in Hollywood high on the agenda of the 95th Congress. this man, Arthur Eddy. In recognizing and turned to publicizing and writing I have, therefore, introduced two bills Arthur Eddy we pay tribute to the Amer­ for Edward G. Robinson's "Big Town" which together would both provide the ican ideal of advancement through hard radio program. He also struck out on his cities with immediate fiscal relief and work. Due to his enormous industry Mr. own to establish a public relations provide for long-term reform of the en­ Eddy spent much of his life working with agency in 1941. tire welfare system. the stars of Broadway and Hollywood. Since 1941 Arthur Eddy has repre­ The first bill I have introduced is a He looked on as some of the greats in sented a distinguished list of clients. The temporary measure which would bring show business, such as Katherine Hep­ Pasadena Playhouse heads his diverse immediate relief to our financially dis­ burn, James Cagney, and Clark Gable, list of past patrons which includes other tressed States and localities. It would do rose to fame. Despite his constant asso­ concerns such as the Sister Kenny Polio this by simply changing the existing Fed­ ciation with celebrities, Mr. Eddy has not Foundation, the Protestant Film Com­ eral reimbursement formula for the med­ lost his love of life or his humility; he mission, the Superman television show, icaid and aid to families with-dependent still prefers to talk of others rather than the Ruthrauff and Ryan Advertising children-AFDC-program to provide himself. Agency, the Chianti Restaurant and for a fiat 75 percent reimbursement. Cur­ Arthur Eddy was born in Pawtucket, Richard Blalock and his Orchestra. rently, 49 of the 50 States are reimbursed R.I., and began to work for his local Among the individual celebrities that at a lower rate, with many States re­ paper as a teenager. By age 19 he was a. solicited Arthur Eddy's help were Lou­ quired to pay half the cost of these pro­ Senate correspondent for that paper and ella Parsons, Jane Greer, Dona Massey, grams. by 1922 he was the youngest editor­ Charles Ruggles, Alan Young, Guy The immediate measure that I have manager of a newspaper while running Madison, composer George Dunning, and just outlined is in many ways identical the Windham County Transcript in Dan­ vocal characterizer June Foray. Even to the bill introduced last session by ielson, Conn. Arthur Eddy's press career after his retirement to Ojai, Calif., in Representative Abzug and cosponsored was interrupted momentarily by World 1965, Arthur Eddy retained June Foray, by over 50 Members. However, my bill War I but soon he was back to the George Dunning, and the Ventura contains one significant improvement. It Transcript until Mr. Eddy broke with County Fair as clients. requires that the 25-percent local con­ the paper over its decision to suppress a Today, needless to say, Mr. Eddy's tribution be borne entirely by the State news story. and forbids any State from requiring any daily luncheon and coffee sessions per­ of its subdivisions or municipalities to Arthur's break with the pruper sig­ severe. Arthur Eddy continues his pro­ contribute to the cost of the program. It naled the beginning of his career in New fession in the town of Ojai by serving would thus relieve all municipal and York where, at various times, he served the community as public relations direc­ county governments of all their welfare as an editor for the Billboard, the Film tor of its hospital and the Ojai Valley and medicaid costs and, thereby, save Daily, and the Motion Picture Daily. Inn, and by also providing speakers for New York City $1 billion a year. While working for the Billboard Mr. service clubs. Hard work propelled Ar­ The cost to the Federal Treasury of Eddy was always in on the action re­ thur Eddy into the star-studded world this change in the reimbursement for­ viewing 13 to 14 pictures a week and in of show business but he never allowed mulas would be $5.7 billion and would a tuxedo every night. He reviewed some himself to be overwhelmed by such an only require an increase in the current of the most famous pictures in history. environment. When asked if he misses budget of 1.4 percent. This additional He was there for the premiere of "Don the glamour of Hollywood Arthur Eddy expenditure is clearly affordable and Juan," the first motion picture with syn­ firmly responds, as in a recent inter­ would serve as a fine complement to the chronized score and sound effects, for the view " ... Not a bit ...". economic stimulus package now being opening of "The Light of New York," the discussed. first picture with dialog, and he was also The second bill I introduced is the present at the premiere of "The Jazz WELFARE REFORM: A PROGRAM family income maintenance program Singer" starring Al Jolson. Besides this, which would totally change the current to stay on top of the motion picture WE CANNOT AFFORD NOT TO HAVE welfare system by consolidating existing scene, Arthur Eddy did more than review SSI, AFDC, food stamp and home relief films; he even got the first newspaper programs into one comprehensive pro­ story on the death of Rudolph Valentino. HON. STEPHEN J. SOLARZ gram. At the heart of it would be a mini­ Ever on the move, Arthur Eddy was OF NEW•YORK mum payment of $4,700 a year which a pioneer in personality radio inter­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES would serve as an income floor for all view shows during the Prohibition Era. Americans. I have suggested the $4,700 At the same time he was writing for Tuesday, February 1, 1977 figure because it is our current rural pov­ Screen Secret Magazine, Mr. Eddy Mr. SOLARZ. Mr. Speaker, the current erty level and is, therefore, the amount rubbed shoulders with the stars, inter­ system of public assistance in the United of money required to purchase the goods viewing such celebrities as D. W. Griffith, States is so poor that the words, "wel­ and services necessary for living in a. Colleen More, Hoot Gibson, and Pauline fare" and ''mess" have become inextric­ manner consistent with health and de­ Strike. Arthur was now a sophisticated ably linked in our political vocabulary. cency in areas having the lowest cost of c.x:xm--202-Part 3 3208 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1977 living. For families in areas which have Thus, for example, welfare recipients solidation of the other programs, it would significantly higher costs of living-10 under the program would find it to their be reasonable to assume that at least $700 percent or more above the national aver­ advantage to take a full-time minimum million in administrative costs could be age-a cost-of-living bonus of 10 percent wage job which pays about $4,500 a saved with the adoption of my proposal. would be added to their entitlement. year, because they would still be able to Third. It would greatly relieve the fi­ This two-tier approach is the most retain $2,250 a year of that amount. In nancial burden now imposed on State sensible and efficient method of dealing addition to creating work incentives, the and local governments. Under such a with the problem of variations in the negative income tax would provide real plan, municipal and county governments cost of living. Unlike a system which va­ economic aid to the working poor. Un­ would no longer bear any of the costs of ried payments in accordance with the der the negative income tax program, a welfare, while only a few States would cost of living in each area, this system family of four with an income of $7,000 continue to have relatively minimal costs would not impose great administrative excluding work expenses would receive for the payment of supplementary bene­ burdens on the program, but would pro­ $1 ,200, or $1 ,640 in benefits, depending fits. vide needed funds in areas where high on whether they resided in a high in­ The cost of the entire, long-term pro­ prices do cause significant hardships. come area. posal would be slightly more than $32 to Even with the cost-of-living bonus, Besides using the negative income tax $34 billion. In fiscal 1976, approximately recipients in some States would be receiv­ as an inducement to work, FIMP would $24.5 billion was spent on the AFDC, SSI, ing less in benefits than under the exist­ have a work registration requirement and food stamp programs. Approximately ing SSI, AFDC, and food stamp programs. under which recipients would have tn $17 billion of this total came from the In order not to penalize these people, the register with their local State employ­ Federal Treasury while the remaining legislation I am introducing would con­ ment office. Of course, the aged, depend­ amount came from State and local cof­ tain a maintenance of benefits clause. ent children, the disabled, and persons fers. Therefore, in order to finance the Thus, for example, a family of four in engaged in socially productive activities, program, the Federal Govenunent would New York State on AFDC now receiving such as providing care for a young child have to spend an additional $15 to $17 approximately $510 a month, or $6,120 a or a severely disabled individual, would billion a year and increase its budget year in cash payments, rent allowance be exempted from the work requirement. by slightly more than 3 percent. The and food stamps, would receive $5,170 a However, all nonexempt recipients would Federal Government clearly has the year from the Federal Government and be required to take any reasonable job capacity to absorb such an additional $950 a year from the State. proffered by the State employment office expenditure. A !-percent decrease in the Though some States would still be con­ which pays the minimum wage. unemployment rate would increase Fed­ tributing to welfare costs, there would This work registration program would eral revenues by $16 billion. But even nevertheless be tremendous savings even take the place of the existing WIN pro­ assuming we did not want to finance the for those States and localities. For one, gram which has in some areas required entire program out of the natural growth cities would be relieved of their entire welfare recipients to earn their benefits of revenues, we could still finance a good welfare load since the bill would man­ by working for the local government. portion of it through the elimination date that the State supplement be However, most experts agree that the of some minor wasteful defense expendi­ funded by State funds. Thus, in the case WIN programs are usually so poorly run tures, and through the closing of the more of New York City, the program would that their cost of administration usually egregious tax loopholes such as DISC and result in the permanent takeover of all exceeds the value of the work they pro­ duce. The problem of employing able­ the deferral of taxes on foreign income. of the city's $450 million income mainte­ It is clear that we can now afford a nance costs and would alone cut this bodied persons on welfare should be dealt with in the context of a full em­ comprehensive national welfare program year's deficit by nearly half. In the case with adequate benefits. Given the finan­ of New York State, FIMP would assume ployment plan, and should not be dealt with by segregating welfare recipients cial condition of our cities and the social approximately $100 million of the State's problems of our poor, it is also clear current $687 million expenditure for in­ into meaningless jobs where both so­ c~ety and the individual participants that we cannot afford not to have such come maintenance. In addition, because a program. of the annual cost-of-living increase in expect little from their employment. the national level of benefits, all of New In summary, the family income main­ York State's mandated costs under the tenance program would be a vast im­ program will be phased out in a period of provement over the existing system in PROTECTION OF THE ALASKAN 6 years, assuming an inflation rate of 5 the following ways: WOLVES percent a year. First. It would be beneficial to recip­ The family income maintenance pro­ ients of the welfare system by providing gram would also be an improvement over a national minimum level of payment HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST the current system because it would to all poor households. No longer would OF VmGINIA finally deal with the issue of work and the level of one's benefits be determined by the place of one's residence or the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES welfare in a rational and comprehensive Tuesday, February 1, 1977 way. The question for work and welfare cause of one's impoverishment, and no is an important one, both for practical longer would there be an incentive for Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, to­ and philosophical reasons. We live in a families to uproot and move to other day I am introducing legislation which society with a strong work ethic which parts of the country in order to receive will provide the means to develop proper holds that the primary resonsibility for decent benefits. -and intelligent game management of supporting an individual lies with that Second. It would be cheaper to ad­ the wolf, and insure the preservation of individual. I share that belief. I do not minister. The consolidation of the three this endangered species in its last great believe that anyone who can support existing Federal programs and the one preserve-the State of Alaska. This themselves by their own labor-assuming exclusively State program into one com­ measure calls for a study to determine that work is available for them-should prehensive system would save enormous beneficial methods of animal manage­ be supported by the labor of others. amounts of money in administrative ment. Until such a study is complete, I Having decided on a work require­ costs. No longer would separate bureauc­ propose a moratorium on aerial hunting ment, we should induce welfare recip­ racies--each keeping its own records, and other means of wholesale killing ients to seek employment in the most making its own eligibility determinations which may cause irreparable damage to fair and efficient way. As we know from and arranging for its own payment an ecosystem already strained by a myr­ experience, the best incentive for em­ mechanisms-have to be maintained to iad of complex forces. ployment is the retention of earnings. perform similar functions. The entire There are those who feel that this The bill I have introduced, therefore, cost of the food stamp program with its measure is unnecessary. The wolf, they contains a 50 percent negative income expensive costs for printing, safeguard­ say, is not endangered in Alaska. Mr. tax on all earned income less $65 a ing, and distributing its coupons, would Speaker, this is sheer semantics. The month for work expenses. This would, in be eliminated. In fiscal 1976, this alone very existence of the wolf is threatened, effect, allow welfare recipients to keep would have saved us $618 million. As­ and rhetoric asserting that the species more than one-half of their earnings. suming some additional savings by con- is still secure in Alaska does not easily February 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3209 erase their overall endangered status. upon closer examination, to be the result rose to 710 moose-including females. In the continental United States the of a variety of contributing factors. To Finally the board of game responded to wolf is all but gone, with only 1 percent blame the game decreases on the wolf the intense human hunting pressure by of their former numbers surviving. Ac­ is an all too simplistic and convenient no­ reducing the 1974 season to 50 days, but cording to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife tion which takes advantage of many yet another miscalculation was made as Service, the red wolf, which once roamed myths which are only now being replaced hunters still took 350 moose. By 1975, the southeastern part of the country, by sound scientific research. There have area biologists considered the situation has been reduced to less than 100 ani­ been lax hunting laws resulting in wide­ serious enough to warrant a recommen­ mals. Also, five out of the eight sub­ spread game overkills, extremely severe dation to the board of game to close the ~pecies of the grey wolf which once climatic conditions which have discour­ season entirely; a suggestion which was ranged throughout the entire conti­ aged breeding, and economic develop­ ignored. Instead, they opened hunting nental United States are considered ex­ ment such as the Alaskan oil pipeline for a token 10 days which placed further tinct, with the other three on the en­ which has disrupted migratory patterns. undue pressure on the chances for the dangered list. True, the wolf is not The detrimental effects of these forces herd's survival as 50 more moose were legally defined as endangered in Alaska, has yet to be fully understood, and they shot. The Fairbanks Daily News-Miner but viewed from this overall perspec­ are being ignored by Alaskan officials as published a letter to the editor from a tive, the species is in danger of extinc­ major contributors to the decrease in local trapper which read as follows: tion, especially given the conditions game populations. Unit 20A has su.tfered such hunting pres­ which some State officials consider Responsible animal management has sure in the past three years as you would find proper game management. Man's en­ been lax, and hunting laws have been hard to believe, with snow machines and croachment upon the domain of this, and overly lenient. For example, in 1973 tracked vehicles the mode of destruction. other species is inevitable as we utilize hunters bagged 710 moose out of a popu­ One would have to be out here to observe and develop fast shrinking wilderness lation of approximately 3,000 in one of the number of carcasses and the waste ... areas. But in Alaska, we are afforded a the game units. Over half of those killed cows, calves, and bulls alike ... rare opportunity, as there remains the were female animals. Only recently has Needless to say, this is only one ex­ last great refuge of the wolf. As in the the State realized their error and re­ ample of the waste I have been talking case of the passenger pigeon, the golden stricted the taking of females in order about. Yet somehow all this has been bear, and other animals, once these ani­ to promote reproduction. Caribou were ignored, and the wolf, an easy target, mals are destroyed, they cannot be re­ hunted in unrestricted fashion-no bag became the Alaskan State scapegoat. placed, and we had better be sure of limits or seasonal restrictions, and there There are still other factors that have what we are doing to a major contribu­ are numerous reports of gross overkills. not been taken into consideration which tor to our ecosystem before any drastic This leniency has persisted for years, and have adversely affected big game popu­ action is taken that proves irreversible. we should not expect instantaneous re­ lations. Preliminary studies indicate that In response to declining moose and 'covery nor allow callous and experi­ climate can be, and in recent years has caribou herds, Alaskan game officials mental shortcuts without careful evalu­ been, a major factor in reducing animal :have adopted a policy of retribution ation. numbers. Still others suspect a signifi­ against the wolf as the predator which Economic development in Alaska has cant amount of predation is due to the has singlehandedly accounted for these proven to be as much of a challenge to Alaskan bear population. No one, how­ decreasing numbers. Alaskan policy area wildlife as it has been for man. It ever, knows just how significant, yet I states: "Whenever substantial conflicts is difficult to ascertain the extent of the hesitate to even dare mention this pos­ arise between humans and wolves over disruptive effects of economic develop­ sibility for fear bears will soon find them­ the use of prey, the wolf population will ments such as the oil pipeline on the mi­ selves the victim of a brutal extermina­ be managed to minimize such conflicts." gratory patterns of big game. I cannot tion program. Again, more information Recently, this code has been carried to emphasize enough the value of the pro­ is urgently needed so that policies can be limits which exceed commonsense and posed study in determining the effects of formulated which will benefit both man common decency. Locating wolf packs these factors on game populations. It and his fellow living creatures. Yet it with the aid of radio collars, which were would provide an intelligent basis for must be accurate data, oriented specifi- originally placed on wolves to record developing adequate measures to assure . cally to the conditions which have their patterns of movement, men ruth­ the future of big game and their natural shaped the problems Alaska now faces. lessly gunned down the animals from predators. Purdue's Prof. Durward Allen has planes and helicopters-all in the name It is not difficult to observe, however, studied the interrelationship of wolves of game management. In unit 13, just the aftermath of the boom in roadbuild­ and moose on the secluded Isle Royale in one of several planned aerial hunts, the ing and recreational vehicles such as the Lake Superior. There, on an island iso­ Alaskan Board of Game has proposed a snowmobile that has accompanied eco­ lated from the depredations of man. scientific experiment whereby 100 per­ nomic growth. They have given native wolves and moose have survived together cent of the wolves in a designated sector and t'Ourist alike increased accessibility for over 15 years. It has been observed are to be gunned down from planes and to areas of Alaska where big game can that wolves tend to feed on the sick, helicopters over the next 3 to 5 years, be found. The plight of unit 20A, one of lame, and weak moose, leaving the strong just to see what happens to ungulate the areas where aerial wolf hunts have to reproduce and enhance the species. populations. This crude and ill planned been proposed, exemplifies these condi­ This fact has led Farley Mowat, author action, lacking a sound scientific basis, tions and forces of which I speak. Don of "Never Cry Wolf" and long-time au­ cannot be disguised or dignified in the McKnight of the Department of Fish and thority on the subject, to state: name of science. Game in Juneau, and Bob Hinman, the The caribou feeds the wolf, but it's the Wolf kills on an ever larger scale are regional director in Fairbanks recon­ wolf who keeps the caribou strong. constantly being announced by Alaskan structed f'Or Audubon magazine the de­ officials. The Washington Post reported tails of the game management there. An important fact to emerge from the on January 27---of this year-that plans Moose hunters-the human variety-· Isle Royale observations is that the bal­ have now been formulated for an aerial during the late 1960's killed between 250 ance between wolves and their big game hunt covering the northwest portion of and 300 animals; a take acknowledged prey has remained intact, without one the State. This time the kill quota is up as twice as much as the herd could sup­ species completely overwhelming and to 1,000 wolves. They are to be butchered port. Yet somehow, no one noticed. In eradicating the other. Clearly, the sur­ from the air in order to attempt to speed fact, pressure was applied to attract even vival rate of moose and caribou has been the natural processes which will even­ more hunters to that area. In the 1971 better with wolves than with man. tually foster an increase in the number of season, hunters killed 350 moose. In 1972, A natural balance between wolves and caribou if men are prohibited from re­ the number of moose killed by hunters caribou has existed for thousands of peating the gross mismanagement of jumped to 485. Then the new Rex Trail years, each being necessary for the main- past years. road opened making the area accessible tenance and welfare of the other. I se­ I believe we have neither the wisdom not just to snowmobiling hunters, but riously doubt that 1977 has seen any nor the right to carry out such a policy. allowed conventioned vehicles passage. drastic change in the laws of nature. The reductions of ungulate herds appear, The kill for the 1973, 100-day season Why not let nature continue her course? 3210 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1977

The process of natural selection allows quickly lifted. In the other court battle, MILITARY MUSCLE KEY TO RUSSIANS' SYSTEM, for survival of only the fittest. If there is a U.S. district court judge refused to NEW NSC AIDE SAYS a lesser amount of prey, then Ma Nature grant an injunction, so the destruction (By Henry S. Bradsher) will compensate by reducing the number has continued. Thus, this bill constitutes The goal of the entire Soviet political, of predators. And she will do it at no cost the final recourse available. social and economic system is military power, to the taxpayers. There are so many species on the brink according to a key figure on the new staff Alaska's extermination policy is as im- of extinction in the Continental United of the National Security Council. The Soviet Union has "a war-mobilization practical as it is needlessly cruel. There States. It is a telling reminder of the con­ economy." Its educational system has car­ were approximately 100 animals killed in sequences of unrestrained mismanage­ ried out "the militarization of the entire last January's aerial kill which involved ment. My proposal asks merely that an population." an area of 10,000 square miles. The total objective study be conducted which will "By the time a child is in second grade, cost of the project was $250,000 which determine the best possible alternatives he receives his first formal instruction in breaks down to about $2,500 per wolf. regarding the management of wolves, in survival in nuclear war," and after basic The cost of conducting this massacre order to assure their continued survival. military training in the 9th and lOth grades over 144,000 square miles, more than 10 Such a study would undoubtedly provide a young man is drafted directly into a com­ bat unit. times the area of the January wolf hunt, us with a fuller understanding of other This description of the Soviet Union has would be astronomical I submit that forces and conditions, particular to been given in recent articles by William E. there are more constructive ways to Alaska and presently ignored by State Odom, a U.S. Army colonel who is going manage wildlife than to spend a ridicu- officials, which have combined to reduce to work for President Carter's national secur­ lous sum of money for the needless de- the ungulate herd population. At the mo­ ity adviser, Zbigniew Brzezinski. Odom will struction of a species. ment, my major concern is that action work on Soviet affairs with William G. Hy­ The debate over the Alaskan situation as drastic as the proposed wolf kills is land, an NSC holdover from handling arms control negotiations for former Secretary of has deteriorated into a question of juris- prevented, and thus have taken appro­ State Henry A. Kissinger. diction as animal management has tra- priate action to restrict it. I have sug­ A former Army attache at the U.S. Em­ ditionally been within the exclusive gested that $50,000 be appropriated an­ bassy in Moscow. Odom has recently been realm of the states. But as man increas- nually, not to exceed a 3-year limit to teaching politics at West Point. He has also ingly lays waste to his environment, and fund the project. This in no way is in­ been associated with the Research Institute as the very existence of many species is tended to affect or limit any other proj­ on International Change at Columbia Uni­ threatened, a new national awareness ects in this area, but is only aimed at versity, which Brezezinski headed. has grown. My proposal is not without providing the necessary support for this Odom wrote in the summer of 1975 that the Soviet Communist party's general-secre­ precedent. The Federal Government, study. tary, Leonid I. Brezhnev, was negotiating cognizant of its environmental responsi- We are faced with a dilemma. To do with the United States on arms control "to bilities, enacted the Endangered Species nothing might result in further reduc­ improve his economy's capacity to produce Act, which supercedes any State law in tions in game herds; a proposition un­ military power. both for today and for the an effort to protect fast dwindling popu- satisfactory to the wolf as well as man. long run, whereas Kissinger presumably is lations of animals threatened with ex- But to engage in crude and inhumane concerned not with increasing economic ca­ pacity but with shifting present capacity tinction. The Wild Horse and Burro Act methods might also tip delicate ecological to nonmilitary activities.... has a similar framework, placing those scales too far for recovery, resulting in "Without peace and Western credits the animals under Federal jurisdiction. Alas- the extinction of a species which plays an (Soviet) armed forces obviously cann~t be ka is not unfamiliar with Federal par- important role in the scheme of arctic strengthened as rapidly," Odom said. He ticipation in affairs which are important life. The consequences of such an event suggested that Soviet generals might want w citizens throughout the land. Congress, will only lead to further imbalances in an arms control agreements "which make the further shouldering its responsibility to already strained system. We must move future more predictable for them." preserve the natural environment for all to insure the safety of that system, but "It is not a question, in the Soviet view " Odom explained, "Or guns and butter-wh~t Americans and for all time, granted 80 move in an intelligent and responsible mix for social satisfaction? It is a question of million acres of Alaskan land for con- manner. I believe my proposal will effec­ how much butter must be produced in order servation purposes, as part of the Alas- . tively equip us to do just that. to obtain the highest rate of military kan Native Claims Settlement Act. In growth." addition, there is a joint Federal-State Odom called this a "reversal of priorities" Land Bureau to provide recommenda­ from Western thinking, with the Soviets tions regarding the most advantageous MILITARY MUSCLE KEY TO RUS­ "making military power an end social prod­ use of these wilderness lands. As one of SIANS' SYSTEM NEW NSC AIDE uct rather than treating it as a social over­ SAYS head cost." our last great wilderness preserves, Alas­ In another article published last autumn, ka cannot help but feel the effects of Odom said both the czarist traditions of Federal environmental responsibilities to Russia and the nature of communist organi­ the Nation. Given the situation there, it HON. LARRY McDONALD zation combine so that "the m1Utarization seems both prudent and necessary that OF GEORGIA of Soviet society is neither an aberration nor we take action to insure the safety of IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES an unusual or extraordinary state of affairs." Odom said a 1967 change in the military all members of the Arctic ecosystem. Tuesday, February 1, 1977 service law ostensibly reduced army draft The crux of the matter remains one of Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, one of time from three years to two. In practice, proper animal management. The present President Carter's new advisers on the however, "part of that time has simply been policv regarding wolf management in National Security Council will be a re­ pushed back into the civil sector" by giving A aska, whether pursued by State or tired U.S. Army Col. William E. Odom. in high schools the kind of military prepara­ Federal officials is highly questionable, tion that recruits to Western armies get in Colonel Odom's views on the Soviet mili­ four to eight months of basic training. having weak scientific justification. tary build-up were recently discussed by A drafted youth "proceeds directly to a Hunting laws have been lax and abused. Henry S. Bradsher in the Washington regular unit. Drafted, say, in Kiev one day, Economic development has had detri­ Star on January 25, 1977. In this article he could be in a combat division in East mental effects. Climatic conditions in re­ it was pointed out that the Soviet Union Germany, Czechoslovakia or on the Chinese cent years have been especially harsh, has geared its whole system to military border two or three days later," Odom further reducing the rate of healthy re­ power and little else. Indeed, the educa­ wrote. production. It is time to make an earnest He added that "the system is far from tional system of the U.S.S.R. is geared uniformly and completely installed, but . .. effort to evolve constructive conservation in large part to mllitarization of its measures. Mass poisonings, bounty hunt­ it is being methodically and persistently de­ society. Colonel Odom's thesis flies di­ veloped, though possibly another decade may ing, and aerial slaughter have been rectly in the face of those who proclaim be required to get it into full swing." sanctioned for too long. that owership of a few more private au­ Odom quoted Soviet estlmates that up to Efforts to block this needless killing tomobiles or color television sets will a third of all military inductees have not have proven ineffective. There were two only basic training but also a military spe­ somehow mellow the Politbureau and its cialty. This is acquired through the Volun­ lawsuits filed by conservationists to stop goals of world conquest in the name of tary Society for Assistance to the Army, Air the proposed wolf hunt. The first court socialism. I commend the article to the Force and Navy, or DOSAAF from its Russian case resulted in an injunction that was attention of my colleagues: initials. February 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3211 A privately funded organization under disillusionment than their inability to find Unemployment nationally as of the fourth military direction, thus also distorting work. Besides having relatives who served, I quarter of 1976: budget comparisons, DOSAAF was loosely became acquainted With many young vet­ Percent unemployed, 8.0 percent. run until 1967. Then it began to be improved erans during the time I served as an assistant Number unemployed, 7,558,000. so that its part-time activity for civilians professor at Cuyahoga Community College in {The unemployed Vietnam veterans are would teach them military technical skills. Cleveland. I saw the injury, both physical 7.4 percent of all unemployed persons.) and mental, that the war had caused to most of them, and rather than being treated as heros, like veterans of past wars were, their JOBS FOR VIETNAM VETERANS sense of duty and their sacrifice were ignored. U.S. BEEF ECONOMY AT CROSS­ Frankly, to grant a pardon to those who refused to serve Without acting at the same ROADS HON. MARY ROSE OAKAR time in behalf of the Vietnam veterans OF OHIO would, in my view, be a message to the vet­ erans that what they did in serving their HON. WILLIAM R. COTTER IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES country was somehow wrong. OF CONNECTICUT Tuesday, February 1, 1977 • But I also believe that now, as the new IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Administration and new Congress take office, Ms. OAKAR. Mr. Speaker, on Janu­ we have an opportunity to establish Tuesday, February 1, 1977 ary 21, immediately after President 'in this land a. spirit of honor and concern Carter issued his pardon of the draft 'for Vietnam veterans. I can think of no Mr. COTI'ER. Mr. Speaker, independ­ evaders of the Vietnam war, I wrote to 'better way we could begin such an under­ ent agricultural economists predicted last him urging his support for a proposal I 'taking than to take concrete action to pro­ year that retail beef prices could increase was making in behalf of those who did 'Vide jobs for Vietnam veterans. Congress by as much as 50 percent by the end of 'Will soon be acting upon the series of pro­ 1978. Developments since then have done choose to serve their country during this 'posals you recently outlined to counter the very difficult time. My proposal was that nothing to discourage that prediction. 'recession and reduce joblessness. In order I would like to insert the following two he expand the public service jobs aspect 'to guarantee that veterans will partake of his proposed economic recovery pro­ fully of the benefits of this package, I pro­ articles, from a series by Dan Morgan gram so as to create an additional 60,000 pose adding to it a special provision for printed this week by the Washington jobs this year exclusively for Vietnam Vietnam veterans. Post, for the information of my veterans. Specifically, your economic program calls colleagues : I was extremely pleased to see that last for spending an additional $1.4 billion in [From the Washington Post, Jan. 30, 1977] 1977 to create 240,000 new jobs under the U.S. BEEF ECONOMY AT A CROSSROADS-THREAT week, the President did amend his eco­ existing Public Service Employment Pro­ OF FINANCIAL RUIN HANGS OVER THE CATTLE nomic recovery program so as to include gram. I am very familiar with the operation INDUSTRY a program for jobs for Vietnam veterans, of this program and believe it is an excel­ {By Dan Morgan) lent one, for the money granted to states the major part of which is an allocation WALDEN, CoLo.-In the back country ranges of public service jobs which is nearly and cities places unemployed people to work for their government performing services of the Rocky Mountains, ranchers such as identical to what I had suggested. needed by their community. What I propose, Bob Brownlee have been fighting a constant It seems to me that with unemploy­ and what I will next week be introducing battle against winter this year. ment among these veterans being so high, a blll to accomplish, is adding initially to On a recent day when the temperature and with a pardon having been granted the Public Service Employment Program, was near zero, Brownlee and hls son-in-law, to the draft evaders, simple justice re­ in addition to what you propose, $650 mil­ Newell Geers, were hacking a hole in the lion in 1977 which would be distributed frozen creek with a double-edged axe to find quires that the Government take what­ water for the cow herd, and giving out ever action is needed to guarantee that among states and cities solely for the hiring of unemployed Vietnam veterans. About whoops of joy when a trickle of water ap­ all veterans who want jobs will have <60,000 Vietnam veterans would be placed on peared. Then they were off in their pickup them. Many other improvements remain payrolls, doing important, constructive work, truck, bumping across a washboard pasture to be made in the program of benefits with this amount of money. and dropping off hay for the animals. for Vietnam veterans, but providing jobs I do not doubt that there are many Im­ It was all part of the cycle of work at the is, to me, the first priority. -provements which can and should be made far end of the country's beef pipeline, the Thus I look forward to prompt action in the program of benefits for Vietnam vet­ $20-billion-a-year system that keeps Ameri­ by the House of Representatives on this erans. But the enactment of legislation for cans supplied with the juicy steaks and ham­ jobs such as I have described would be burgers that are almost a national symbol vitally important matter. I am today vitally important, not only to the many of American affluence. introducing a bill which would imple­ veterans who would gain employment di­ Yet raising beef animals today is anything ment the proposal I made to the Presi­ rectly as a result of it, but also as a sym­ but a sure way to prosperity. The threat of dent, and I will closely examine the bill bol of the high esteem which these veterans economic ruin hangs over the cattle industry, that the President offers. I insert into the will be accorded from now on. Thus I ask and the American beef economy is in the RECORD a copy of the letter I had sent to your support for the enactment of this throes of major changes brought about by the President Carter, and a factsheet on the program. heaviest losses since the Dust Bowl days of Sincerely, the 1930s. issue I prepared: Even in this remote valley, circled by HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, MARY RosE OAKAR, Member of Congress. mountains and once populated mainly by Washington, D.C., January 21, 1977. prairie dogs, antelopes and Indians, ranchers The PRESIDENT, are feeling . the painful effects of sweeping T.he White House, FACT SHEET ON VIETNAM VETERANS' economic and social developments over which Washington, D.C. UNEMPLOYMENT they have had virtually no control. DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: In this time imme­ Unemployment among Vietnam Veterans, Brownlee reckons that he lost $30,000 on diately following your pardon of the draft as of the fourth quarter of 1976: his 1,500-acre operation in 1976, and he may evaders of the Vietnam war, my thoughts are Unemployment rate for veterans age 20 have been lucky. As far as he is concerned with the eight million men and women who to 34, 8.7 percent. consumers are getting a bargain on beef served in our armed forces during this long Number of veterans these ages unemployed, while he has been taking a financial beat­ and painful war. Your action in behalf of 560,000. ing. Brownlee and the ranchers around here those who refused to serve raises in my mind Unemployment rate for veterans age 20 have lost money most of the last 36 months. the question of whether our government has to 24, 18.2 percent. Yet the price of steaks and hamburger in provided adequately for those who did serve. Number of veterans unemployed in this supermarkets is about what it was three It seems to me that in at least one major age group, 175,000. years ago. respect, this government has failed the Viet­ (Source for above info: Bureau of Labor Paradoxical as this situation may seem, nam veteran terribly, and that is in helping Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.) economic analysts say it is logical. But the them to find jobs. Total number of Vietnam-era veterans, same logic holds that the situation is certain At the end of 1976, the number of Viet­ 8,332,000. to be reversed. Then it will be the turn of nam veterans unable to find work was a Unemployment among Vietnam Veterans American consumers to pa.y more for beef. shocking 560,000. Among young veterans, a.ge in the Cleveland area: sta.rting in 1967, cattlemen steadily in­ 20 to 24, the unemployment rate was 18.2%­ November 30, 1976, 10,615. creased the size of their herds, from 108 mil­ more than double the national unemploy­ January, 1976, 9,548. lion head then to 131 mllllon head in 1975. ment rate. A large number of these veterans January, 1975, 6,550. By late 1973, there was too much beef going a.re in the greater Cleveland area., a.nd I ca.n (Source for above info: Ohio Bureau of to market. Retail stores had to keep prices tell you that nothing has caused them more Employment Services.) low in order to sell it all. These low prices 3212 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1977 were passed back through the beef pipeline This same breeding cycle also imposes a The equation of land, crops and cattle does to wholesalers, meat packers, cattle fatten­ rigid, economic framework on the rancher's not seem to be working to the long-range ing yards, and finally to ranchers. operations. advantage of consumers. At some point, beef All through the period, inflation and In a few months, BrowiJlee will be making prices wtll have to reflect the price of the higher prices of hay, oorn and other animal decisions that could have financial repercus­ land on which the cattle are raised. If they feeds were adding to the costs of running sions in 1980. do not, farmers and ranchers will find other ranches and farms, even as the prices that the This fall, Brownlee will decide how many uses for their valuable real estate. That can cattlemen received when they sold their of this spring's calves to keep as replace­ only mean less beef at higher prices. young steers and heifers in the fall was stay­ ments for old cows sold for hamburger. These ing too low to ma.ke money. heifers won't be bred until the summer of [From the Washington Post, Jan. 31, 1977] Ranchers began reading the economic mes­ 1978. They will calve in the spring of 1979, CATTLE FEEDLOTS IN ECONOMIC PINCER sage they were getting two years ago and re­ and the steers or heifers they produce won't acted by reducing the size of their herds. be ready for slaughter untll mid-1980. Only (By Dan Morgan) Since then, a beef slaughter unprecedented then will Brownlee get a return, unless he de­ KUNER. COLORADO.-Today's beef animal in the history of the United States has been cides to sell the animals when they are has been called "a hide stuffed with corn." under way. younger. That is a good description of the 75,000 In 1973, only 33 million animals were Brownlee finds himself locked into such a cattle living at Monfort of Colorado, Inc.'s butchered. The number jumped to 36 million cycle now. He figures he needed to get 65 sprawling computerized fattening fac111ties the following year, then to a record 40 mil­ cents a pound for the 450-pound steer calves just east of the Rocky Mountains here. lion in each of the next two years. The total he was ready to sell last December. But the Each animal will devour more than a ton number of cattle in this country declined in best offer he got was 36 cents a pound. of corn during the four months it spends in 1976 by 4 million. More important than that, Rather than lose money, he decided to place Montfort's mile-and-a-half-long, labyrin­ the country's oow herd-the "factory" that them in a fattening yard in Greeley, Colo. thine feedlot. At the end of the four months, produces tomorrow's steers and heifers-has He says he needs 45 cents a pound for the the animals wtll weigh a half-ton each and been drastically depleted. fattened animals. But packinghouses were will be ready to go to Monfort's own high­ In 1976, 10 million cows were killed, about paying under 40 cents in late January. speed slaughtering plant 15 mlles away. twice as many as three years earlier. Most of Last fall he lost $26 a head on the full­ Twenty-five years ago such mammoth beef them were ground up for hamburger meat. grown animals he sold to a packinghouse. At fattening facilities were almost unknown in Consumers have been the immediate bene­ some periods in the last three years, cattle­ the United States, just as they stlll are in factors of this massive slaughter. It has men have lost as much as $100 a head, ac­ most other countries. But today most of the helped to hold down beef prices at a time cording to the U.S. Department of Agricul­ choice steaks and ribs that Americans buy when everything else seems to be going up. ture. in stores and restaurants have been carved Consumers ate up all the meat that came The atmosphere was all gloom at a weekly from animals fattened in places like it. to market, but only after reta.il stores had. cattle auction at the Greeley Producers Pub­ Looked at one way, Monfort's feedlot is a set a price for it that was low enough to lic Stockyards in January. highly efficient factory for turning the pro­ induce them to buy. Americans tend to spend Standing in front of a big sign that said, tein of plants into meat. a constant 2.5 per cent of their money for "Enjoy Beef Everyday," a professional auc­ A computer calculates dally feed rations of beef. When it is a good bargain they buy tioneer called out asking prices and offers to corn, silage, wheat, hormones, vitamins and more, and when it is expensive they switch to rows of overalled cattlemen, as a cowboy supplements for the cattle in each pen, other food, such as cheaper pork or chicken. cracked a whip and dr-ove the animals into a according to the age, weight and condition With beef prices fairly reasonable in 1976, sawdust covered corral. When the animals got of the anima.ls. they ate a record 129 pounds per person, rambuctious, cowb-oys in the corral stepped Corn hauled in by the rail carload is proc­ compared with 116 pounds four years earlier. behind wooden barriers. essed into corn flakes to make it easier to In effect, Americans are eating their way Tom Nix, a 61-year-old farmer from Eaton, digest. Nutr-itionists check the progress of out of a huge surplus of beef. Colo., sold 35 steers to another farmer, Don the animals, and when all goes well each Brownlee and ranchers such as him still Anderson. Nix had bought the animals in steer gains 2.6 pounds a d.a.y until it reaches have a fundamental faith in the laws of sup­ September and "grained them," fed them 1,100 pounds and is ready for slaughter. ply and demand. They figure that when less corn for the last month, waiting for cattle For all their efficiency, huge cattle feedlots meat goes to market, prices should start to prices to start up. But he had grown tired of such as this one are under attack as waste­ rise again and they can begin turning profits. waiting. ful a.nd possibly uneconomic-as symbols, in But nobody knows for sure when the losses "I don't know how he (Anderson) can buy fact, of an era of American agricultural abun­ will end in the cattle industry. If the prices 'em and stlll expect to make money," he said. dance and luxury that may be passing. of steak and hamburger rise too abruptly, The government doesn't have any exact It takes about six pounds of corn to add a consumers might switch to pork, poultry, or estimates of the cattlemen's losses, but pound of meat, fat and bone to beef ani­ even spaghetti. That happened in the 1973 bankers say they are in the billion of mals. Humanitarian organizations say this beef boycott, and it sent prices plummeting. dollars. The cattle industry is stretched is wasteful in a world of widespread hunger If it happens again, it could signal a funda­ financially to the breaking point. and malnutrition. mental change in the American diet. Denver banker Ron Hays says the debts Others say it is unhealthy. The Senate Americans have eaten a steadily increas­ of ranchers and cattle fatteners are "stag­ Select Committee on Nutrition and Human ing amount of beef since 1920, but there are gering," because they have acquired huge Needs issued a report in January saying that at least some signs that the trend is ending. long-term mortgages from banks to cover the American diet, which includes a steady If it is, cattlemen could be in for some fur­ the costs of their losing operations. fare of fatty, grain-fed beef, contributes to ther unpleasant shocks. Hays said that because of the great de­ obesity and lllness. In the 90 years since settlers moved into mand for money insura.nce companies such as And in the last three years, a sharp increase this valley the grassy ranges have been Prudential, Connecticut General and Con­ in the price of oorn-the raw material of fenced, a railroad spur has been driven necticut Mutual have moved aggressively into these fattening faclllties-has raised doubts through from Wyoming, and oil and coal agricultural lending in the West, using land about their economic future. companies have dug wells and opened sur­ as collateral. Fifty years ago, grass was the main food face mines. But cattle is still a mainstay of There have been few actual foreclosures of beef anim.a.ls. Cattle came off ranges and the economy. of the kind that swept the West after the pastures to be slaughtered after eating hay, At Brownlee's Bar-Slash-Bar ranch, the 1930's Depression. However, many hard­ wheat shoots, alfalfa, or the plentiful roes~ cycle of breeding and birth sets the agenda pressed cattlemen have had to raise money quite, brome and buffalo grasses of the west­ for the farm work. The 550 oows in the herd to keep operating by putting first and sec­ ern pl>ains and prairies. will have their calves in April. Brownlee, ond mortgages on their property. This has As the nation's corn supply became more Geers and a hired hand wm take up a 24- been possible only because land values haTe plentiful because of new hybrid seed varieties hour vigil then, checking on the mothers and risen rapidly. and powerful chemical fertllizers, some Corn calves and scaring off intruding coyotes with The rising land values have provided a Belt farmers started buying young steers from spotlights. It costs about $176 to keep one of safety net for the western cattlemen. East western ranches and fattening them on local the cows for a year. That is money down the of the Rocky Mountains, in Colorado, South grain. drain when a young calf dies or is killed. Dakota, Oklahoma and Texas, undeveloped These animals reached full weight faster than if they had been fed only grass and In August, the father and son-in-law will pastureland that can be irrigated for crops become cowboys, riding horses to round up has jumped 1n price from around $150 an hay, and their meat tasted juicier and was acre to nearly $1,000. less lean. cows and head them back to the pens around Then, in the 1950s, another phase began the barns for artificial insemination with bull Inflation, climate, and population growth semen. with the opening of giant commercial fa.c111- have played a part in rising western land ties that could fatten from 30,000 and 100,000 They will also .turn bulls loose in the herd values, but so has the increased return on animals at a time. as a failsafe measure in case the artificial crops such as wheat and corn after 1972. These enormous feedlots, which had a vo­ breeding doesn't work. There are no second Thousands of acres of grasslands have been racious need for more and more corn, had chances for cows. If they fail to get preg­ switched to crops as prices of those grains a major impact on American agriculture and nant. they are sent to the packinghouse. rose. on American diets. Many of these commercial February 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3213

cattle fattening operations set up in dry Outside newcomers, nicknamed "Wall raising beef on grass and pasture. They say southwestern states such as Texas and Ari­ Street cowboys," owned a substantial amount there is not enough good grazing land to zona rather than in Iowa and illinois where of the cattle, and corporate conglomerates, support the country's 127 million head of animals often lost weight slogging through meatpacking companies and grain exporting cattle. That is especially true in the West, the Corn Belt's winter mud. firms also bought up some feeding facilities. where most of the cattle are. And the rapid growth of the big feedlots, Many private investors were apparently The American National Cattlemen's As­ made possible by a plentiful supply of ex­ lured by the possibility of using the feed­ sociation disputes claims that animals could tremely cheap corn, vastly increased the lots to shelter some of their income from be raised more cheaply on grass. ANCA says amount of inexpensive, grain-fattened beef federal tax llab111ties. farmers would have to keep animals a year that consumers could buy. Subsequently, these investors lost mlllions longer on hay and pasture than on corn to Between 1960 and 1976, Americans increased of dollars, and may have withdrawn their reach full weight. During that time, ranchers their beef eating from 85.1 pounds a year to money. would have to pay for hay (now selling at almost 129 pounds each. And the number of "We overbuilt our feedlot capacity in this $50 a ton) and other expenses. Ultimately, cattle fattened in feedlots nearly doubled country by 20 per cent," says Bill Jones, ex­ ANCA insists, a grass-fed steer would cost from 7 million head to over 12 mlllion. The ecutive vice president of the National Cattle only a few dollars more than a corn-fed one, animals in the feedlots are only one stage Feeders Association. "Before the energy and its carcas would produce less usable meat. removed from the juicy steaks treasured by crunch it looked as if the demand for meat Young steers and heifers could be slaugh­ Amerioa.n consumers. protein would never stop growing. We were tered instead of being sent to feedlots-but Today, however, fundamental and perhaps jerked up short," he said. at that stage of their growth their carcasses permanent changes are under way in the SOme of the big commercial feedlots built are bony, not meaty. American beef economy, spurred by a be­ in Texas have closed down, and at least one Yet farmers do raise beef cattle on nothing wildering array of social and economic devel­ major one went bankrupt. more than pasture hay and silage. That is opments. And the big feedlots are at the The farm magazine, Agri Finance, reported done in the East and South, where extremely center of the storm. last summer that outside investors were thick pastures can support large numbers of One of the major developments is the "waiting in the wings" to buy cattle again cattle per acre. rise of the fast food industry. The billions as soon as it became more lucrative. To some, that seems to be an appealing of hamburgers sold by McDonald's so far is Yet, many farmers, feedlot operators and model. indicative of the evolution of this country their bankers are wondering when, if ever, "There wlll be less and less beef that's fed into a hamburger eating society. Fast-food that will be. a lot of grain," says a Denver banker. "The restaurants specializing in hamburgers are The cattle fattening industry in the United fact is you can still turn out a beef animal spreading, and almost half of the beef eaten States, and the era of inexpensive grain-fed into the desert and he'll survive. He'll put on in the United States is :1.ow in hamburger beef, was based upon a seemingly limitless half a pound a day instead of two and a form. supply of cheap corn. That luxury existed half-but he'll survive." Hamburger mewt doesn't have to be made in no other country in the world and it helped from beef animals fattened on corn. Some to explain why the cattle feedlot is a uniquely of it comes from the ground-up trimmings American institution. of carcasses of beef animals from feedlots. Beef a.nimals eat nearly one-sixth of the But a substantial amount is made from lean, CONDEMNATION OF FRANCE FOR country's corn crop every year-and America RELEASE OF POLITICAL TERROR­ imported beef, or from ground-up cows that grows half of all the world's corn. spent most of their life eating hay and pas­ Today, it is by no means certain that corn IST ABU DAOUD ture. wlll ever again be available at bargain prices. M the same time, a sharp increase in corn The price of growing corn has been increas­ prices that started in 1973 has completely ing because the higher costs of petroleum­ HON. J. HERBERT BURKE upset the old profit-and-loss equation that based fert111zers and pesticides, and rising OF FLORIDA made feedlot operators rich in the 1960s and land prices, have made crop farming a costly IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES early 1970s. business. Tuesday, February 1, 1977 In 1972, it cost less than 30 cents rt;o add The American beef economy is also in­ one pound to a beef animal in a fattening yard; today it costs as much as 45 cents, directly experiencing the impact of global Mr. BURKE. of Florida. Mr. Speaker, and in some periods of the last three years economic and diplomatic developments over the action taken by the Government of the cost was more than 50 cents. The in­ which it had little or no control. The demand France on January 11, 1977, releasing creased price of corn is the main reason. for American corn has been steadily increas­ the alleged leader of the Munich Olympic These changes have already caused sub­ ing abroad, as foreigners eat more hogs and games massacre, Abu Daoud, is in com­ stantial adjustments in the operations of poultry and need grain to raise the animals. plete disregard of the fundamental prin­ feedlots. Monfort and other operators are In 1972 and 1973, U.S. corn exports jumped from 27.1 million metric tons to 43.1 million ciples of human decency and interna­ economizing by shortening the time they tional justice. No action by any major feed corn to animals. tons, partly because of the Russian grain Even so, the fattening yards have been purchases, which were part of Washington's Western power since the dark days of caught in an economic pincer of high feed detente strategy. World War II can even begin to surpass cost and low market prices for the fattened Then the weather gave the agricultural the cynicism and total lack of moral re­ cattle. Monfort, which may be the world's economy another jolt. sponsibility inherent in these recent largest, lost $10 million on its feedlot oper­ In 1974, the drought-stricken crops in the actions. By following this course France ations in the last fiscal year. United States were so poor that the country has signaled to the rest of the world Surprisingly, the company's president, would have had to import grain if American livestock and dairymen had used as much that she no longer has the willingness, Kenneth W. Monfort, says he feels the ad­ to justment may be a good thing. When corn grain as they had in 1973. They didn't though, or perhaps even the capacity, pro­ was very cheap some calves were put on a because corn prices reached record levels as vide the moral leadership usually ac­ heavy corn diet when they weighed as little foreign buyers outbid users of corn here at corded a power of her station. She has as 350 pounds and left in fattening pens for home. In Washington, officials argued that gone against her own high political a whole year. The final month tended to add the country needed these sales abroad to principles symbolically contained in her fat but not much meat. help offset the cost of importing more and national emblem, the Tricolor-liberty, Monfol'!t says this practice was extremely more expensive oil. In that respect, the American beef industry equality, fraternity. In fact, France has wasteful. "We're in the process of going back become a party to those very same kinds to a more reasonable industry," he says. "We has been a major victim of the 1973 price have a cattle feeding industry with twice as hikes by the oil producing countries. of actions which she has consistently de­ much capacity as we really need. We're try­ Many farmers slaughtered their animals plored throughout her long and fruitful ing to eat our way out of a problem." instead of paying more for grain. This proc­ history. When grain prices were low and cattle were ess of kllling animals instead of feeding Mr. Speaker, let there be no mistake bringing good prices in the 1960s, the beef them is still under way in the beef industry. about the kind of man who stands at the business was a glamour field. Thousands of Most predictions 'are that there will be center of this moral outrage. Mr. Daoud wealthy outsiders, ranging from Hollywood much smaller supplies of corn-fattened beef is a member of the Revolutionary Coun­ stars to big city dentists, bought steers from coming to market by late this year. That .cil of AI Fatah, the principal guerrilla ranchers and turned them over to profes­ could push up prices. If consumers refuse to organization of the Palestine Liberation sionally managed feedlots for fattening. pay those prices--which should then begin Organization as well as being a con­ The beef boom encouraged the spread of to reflect the higher price of corn--cattle­ commercial cattle fattening in the south­ men might be forced to tum to more eco­ fessed member of its Black September west, particularly in the Texas panhandle. nomical ways of producing beef for the group. On September 5, 1972, at the At the peak of the boom nearly half the cat­ nation. Olympic games in Munich, Germany, tle being fed corn were in those big commer­ Cattle industry officials insist that there members of the Black September orga­ cial feedlots, the government estimates. can be no permanent return to the days o! nization attacked the quarters of Israeli 3214 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1977 athletes resulting in the death of 11. in Paris was not kept informed of the pro­ needed. The hallowed principle that judicial In 1973 the American Ambassador, Mr. ceedings, the legality of which is more than proceedings must be conducted publicly was Cleo Noel, was killed by this same or­ arguable, and only after repeated contacts, grossly violated in this instance. with both the Ministry of Justice and the 8. France signed the European Convention ganization while being held hostage Ministry of Foreign Affairs, did he receive for the Suppression of Terrorism on Novem­ against the release of Mr. Daoud who confirmation of the illegal release of the ber 10, 1976. This Convention has admittedly was being incarcerated in Jordan. As requested person. not yet entered into force; it does, however, late as 1975 two officers of a French DISTORTED ACCOUNT state that the taking of hostages and the use police branch were murdered by the From reports appearing in the media, it of grenades and automatic firearms shall not mysterious "Carlos" who was a colleague appears that the French Government has be regarded as political offenses, and that of the Black September organization. these are crimes for which extradition must been circulating a highly distorted account be granted. By its conduct, France has vio­ Unquestionably, Mr. Daoud is at the of the legal position. It is claimed that the Extradition Treaty between France and lated the spirit of this Convention and has center of one of the most notorious inter­ acted in contradiction to all its international national terrorist organizations. Israel entered into force only in 1974 or obligations under its Extradition Treaty with To all responsible individuals even a 1975 and that, since the acts attributed to Abu Daoud were committed in 1972, the Israel. semblance of justice would demand this Extradition Treaty does not apply to them. To Sum Up: man be brought to trial to determine his It is also alleged that the murder in Munich 1. France stands in breach of the Extra­ guilt or innocence. But to deny this op­ is subject to Israeli jurisdiction under an dition Treaty with Israel, under whose terms portunity is to cast a pale over the face amendment to the Israeli Criminal Code it was obliged to arrest Abu Daoud immedi­ of a civilized society and the expecta­ which was passed on March 1, 1973, whereas ately upon receipt of the Israeli application. tions of those .individual members who the crime itself was committed in 1972, so 2. There was no justification for France's that--once again-the Extradition Treaty decision to submit the case to any tribunal look to its writ for their own security at this stage. The arrest should have been and happiness. It calls into question the does not apply. In order to clarify the legal aspects of automatic, and legal proceedings ought only very legitimacy of that government called this matter once and for all, we call atten­ to have been held in connection with the upon by the good people of France to tion to the following points: formal request for extradition that was to rule. There can be no doubt--and let 1. The Extradition Treaty between France have been submitted at a later stage. the record of this august body of Con­ a.nd Israel was signed on November 12, 3. Even if French Law permitted such pro­ gress so state-that the recent actions 1958 and ratified on November 14, 1971. It ceedings, Israel ought to have had the op­ is on the basis of this Treaty that Claude portunity to be present. of the Government of France demeans These breaches of International Law by the very concept of justice and reduces Lipsky was extradited to France in Novem­ ber 1971, and that other requests for extra­ France will only serve to encourage interna­ it to a pro~ess of selective discrimination dition to France have since been granted. tional terrorists, who will from now on be based on the self -serving principles of 2. The murders in Munich were committed aware that a legal precedent exists making it material gain and material comfort. in September 1972; but even had they been possible for murderers to find asylum on In conclusion, I would like to include committed previously, Article 23 of the French soil under the cloak of secret pro­ into the RECORD a summary of the facts Treaty expressly states that it also applies to ceedings. relating the Abu Daoud case-with par­ crimes committed prior to its entry into force. ticular re~erence to its legal aspects-as released by the Embassy of Israel in 3. The allegation that the amendment to SATELLITE PICTURES MAY EX­ the Israeli law conferring jurisdiction upon PLAIN DESERTS AND DROUGHTS Washington, D.C., on January 17, 1977. Israeli courts in respect of acts of terrorism The statement is as follows: committed outside Israel was passed by the On January 10, 1977, on the basis of the Knesset only on March 1, 1973 is not correct. HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE Extradition Convention between Israel and The amendment took effect on March 28, OF TEXAS France, Israel submitted, pursuant to Sec­ 1972, in other words, prior to the Munich tion 10 of this Convention, an urgent re­ murders. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES quest to the French authorities for the pro­ 4. The argument that In 1972 French Tuesday, February 1, 1977 visional detention of Daoud Uda Oith el­ courts had no jurisdiction over terrorist acts Halidi el-Silwani also known as Abu Daoud, committed outside French territory is not Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, an Israeli born in 1937 in Jerusalem. The subject en­ valid, since Artide 55 of the French Consti­ scientist using NASA Landsat data has tered France on January 7, 1977 with Iraqi tution of October 4, 1958 expressly states outlined a mechanism which may explain Passport No. 1044138, issued on March 6, 1973 that, in the event of a contradiction between the reasons of deserts and cyclical in the name of Raji Yusef Hana. an international treaty and French Law, the droughts in some parts of the world. I Israel's request was transmitted to the treaty shall be applied. urge my colleagues to take a few minutes · French authorities both through our Am­ 5. The French Government conducted its read about another example of how bassador in Paris and through the Police. case in camera, although the French Extra­ to Under the provisions of Section 11 of the dition Law of March 10, 1927 expressly states mankind here on Earth may benefit from Extradition Convention between France and that such cases must be considered in open knowledge gained through space tech­ Israel, which has been in effect since No­ forum unless the court decides to hold pro­ nology: vember 14, 1971, the French authorities were ceedings in camera on grounds which must Dr. Joseph Otterman, Lands.at investigator obliged to keep the subject in provisional be expressly stated. at Israel's Tel Aviv University, has used Land­ detention for a period of up to 60 days, pend­ 6. Contrary to universally accepted prac­ sat and other satellite data, ground and air­ ing the submission of the formal request for tice, and to the procedures which we have craft reflectance and temperature measure­ extradition. always maintained in our relations with ments in a study which concludes that the A warrant of arrest was issued for this France whenever the latter has submitted highly reflective soils of the Sinai, denuded person by Judge Shalgi of the Jerusalem an extradition request to us, France main­ because of overgrazing by domestic animals, Magistrate's Court on January 10, 1977. The tained no contacts with us, on either the are cooler under Sun illumination than the subject was accused of murder (Section 214 diplomatic or the legal level, during the controlled grazing lands of the neighboring of the Criminal Code Ordinance of 1936) , court proceedings. The French authorities de­ Negev. manslaughter (Section 212), conspiracy to liberately withheld all information about this The Negev, virtually undisturbed by goats commit a felony (Section 33), abduction matter from the Israel Embassy in Paris. It or sheep, has a more stable soil condition, (Section 256), causing grievous bodily harm it a generally accepted rule that the State more vegetation and more dark pl-ant debris. (Section 235 and 238), unlawful wounding legal authorities represent the interests of Because of these factors the Negev absorbs (Section 241), wounding and assault in griev­ the requesting State in all extradition mat­ more of the Sun's radiation, causing a mass ous circumstances (Section 251A) and aiding ters. Yet on this occasion all the proceedings of heated air, or "heat mountain," which abetting, counselling, procuring and con­ were deliberately carried out without Israel's rises to form clouds and precipitation. The spiring to commit the said crimes (Sections knowledge and with a degree of secrecy which Sinai, with no such heat mountain, has 23 and 24). is usually to be expected only from totali­ much less rainfall. We stated in our request that the offenses tarian regimes. Dr. Otterman says his theory possibly ex­ were committed 1n connection with the at­ 7. Furthermore, the proceedings were car­ plains the formation of deserts along North tack on members of the Israeli team at the ried out with inordinate haste. Whereas the Africa's Mediterranean coast and also pat­ Olympic Games held in Munich, Germany, tribunal which dealt with the matter nor­ terns of cyclical drought: if, because of in September 1972. mally meets only on Mondays, in order to drought animals die off or move, the vegeta­ We were informed by the press media that deal with the most urgent matters, this time tion recovers. The ground reflectivity then the French authorities, despite our request, it met on Tuesday. The only other time that decreases, surface temperatures increase and and in violation of an explicit international this tribunal met other than on a Monday, rains return to normal. The population then obligation undertaken by France, had re­ in an urgent matter in which human life gradually increases, begins overgrazing with leased the requested person. Our Ambassador was at stake, four days' advance notice was domestic animals and starts the cycle agQin. February 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3215 "As a gross oversimplification, it can be service in Europe during World War n A former chaplain's casual remembrance postulated that a population explosion in where he received the Purple Heart and of one particular death notification, then grazing herds during the 'seven fat years' is spontaneous tears. An abrupt tremor in a the cause of the 'seven lean years,' " otter­ Oak Leaf Cluster. young businessman's voice as he attempts to man says. To Tom and his wife Carolyn, I say explain, in clinical terms, this anger which Interviewed at NASA's Goddard Space "good luck" and we will all miss you. lies deep within, beyond clear expression. Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md., home base for The war was over long ago and mainly the Landsat project, Otterman suggested forgotten when this new President 1d'3Ued his that this mechanism might be studied in THE PARDON AND THE VIETNAM pardon proclamation for those who refused other parts of the world. VETERAN to serve in it. His action seemed to distress One of the Landsat photos of the area some citizens, in part because it reminded studied by Otterman clearly shows the them that there had been a war. denuded, high albedo (refiectivity) regions of HON. CARL D. PURSELL It is this loss of memory which seems most the Sinai and Gaza Strip in sharp contrast OF MICHIGAN to rankle the veterans from Vietnam, not to the darker western Negev. The line be­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the pardon, not the old arguments of whether tween the light and dark area coincides with the war was right or wrong, whether it wa~ the 1948-49 Armistice Line between Israel Tuesday, February 1, 1977 moral to fight or to resist or to run. What and Egypt, where a fence was built about five Mr. PURSELL. Mr. Speaker, recently, aggravates the old scars is this strange no­ years ago. tion that they are the only souls walking A precision radiation thermometer fiown President Carter announced his pardon around in this great nation with anything over the Sinai-Negev border in August 1973 of many draft offenders with the intent left of the war inside them. showed that surface radiation temperatures of healing the Nation's wounds. Many of What follows are brief conversations with were about 45 degrees C (113 degrees F.) on those voicing opposition to the pardon three men from the millions, a quick glimpse the Negev side and about 40 degrees C (104 cited the sacrifice of the Vietnam vet­ only of what must surely lie out there across degrees F.) on the Sinai side. In February eran as the basis for their opposition. Yet America. They are successful people, moving 1974, these measurements were repeated with of all the voices speaking out on behalf forward with their private lives, capable aLd the instrument hand-held at ground level. self-confident and, therefore, their feelings These averaged about 33.5 degrees C (92.3 de­ of the pardon, few have voiced similar are probably less dramatic than others which grees F.) on the dark side and about 30 de­ concern for the wounds--emotional and might be told. grees C (86 degrees F.) on the bright side. physical-of the Vietnam veteran. Like­ The purpose of their words is not to re­ Atlhough weather satellite (NOAA-2) ther­ wise, of those using the sacrifice of the open the old political arguments, the old mal imagery shows the Negev warmer than Vietnam veteran as an instrument to wounds, but to make a. simpler statement: the Sinai, a more satisfactory quantitative blunt the pardon, few have mentioned it 1s a terrible thing, even obscene, that other assessment is expected from a third Landsat reaching out to the Vietnam veteran to Americans should forget so easily when some­ satellite which will carry more precise heat­ thing more needs to be done. A monument measuring instruments. help ease his sacrifice. How can we bind or a law or something. The problem is nobody Otterman was a 1974-75 Research Associate the Nation's wounds without dealing has yet figured out how to say to all those of the National Academy of Sciences, Na­ with theirs? veterans the healing words they need to hear. tional Research Council, at Goddard Center. In all honesty, is this not an anoma­ Giovanni Pacheco, a 31-year-old marketing Landsat, circling the globe 14 times a day lous position for those truly concerned executive in New York, is one of those hand­ 912 kilometers (560 miles) overhead, surveys with the Nation's wounds and/or the some success stories that walk around Ar~er­ Earth natural resources with an electronic sacrifice of the Vietnam veteran? ica, advertising the best opportunities for multispectral scanner that returns data for I hope each Member of this House will those who will struggle. visual images and computer tapes from "Gino" Pacheco grew up in Los Angeles, which experts can distinguish different types closely scrutinize Congressman Dow­ a Chicano son who wanted to break through of terrain, vegetation, soils, rock outcrops NEY's discharge review legislation and the traditional barriers which excluded Mex­ and other surface features. Congressman WoLF's accelerated entitle­ ican-Americans. Thanks partly to the Army, Besides mapping forests and possible min­ ment legislation, both of which I believe he made it. eral areas, the data has been used for­ will substantially assist these veterans. After fiunking out of college, he enlisted, among other things-measuring crop acre­ I am aware that veteran's legislation and the Army made him an officer. He did ages, mapping snow cover, detecting oil has been productive in the past; how­ two tours in Indochina with the Green slicks, mapping urban and agricultural land Berets, he became a student of guerrilla war­ use, detecting offshore dumping of sewage ever, in light of the pardon, I feel the fare, the tactics and history from the Ameri­ and industrial waste, monitoring the envi­ Congress must move .commensurately to can Revolution to Algeria and Vietnam. After ronmental effects of strip mining and locat­ recognize the military service of the men the service, Harvard Business School accepted ing potential earthquake zones. and women who complied with our laws him as a bright minority applicant, and now Landsat-1 has been in operation since July or served voluntarily. he has a master's degree and a promising 1972 and a sister spacecraft, Landsat-2, since I would also hope that President Car­ career. January 1975. A third one is planned for ter in choosing his Veterans Administra­ Still, the war seems like a fresh experience launch by NASA next year. when he talks about it, like a burden that is tor, appoints a person sympathetic to the still following him as he goes briskly up the Vietnam veteran and not a busineSs-as­ ladder. usual individual. The article appearing "I don't think most guys are ever going to in the January 23, 1977 Washington Post forget combat, especially in Vietnam," he TRIDUTE TO THOMAS H. TEAR by William Greider bears this out. said. "If you come home and get a pat on the In addition, another group of people back, you're willing to forget all the bad whose wounds still fester are those or­ stuff. When you come back and you get a lot HON. M. CALDWELL BUTLER of crap, guys saying you were a fool to go, phans whose men remain MIA. I think guys saying you're a murderer, you can't OF vmGINIA it is just as anomalous that neither sup­ really put it away, it's impossible to forget." IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES porters nor opponents of the pardon As Pacheco explains it, the Vietnam ex­ Monday, January 31, 1977 mentioned these men. perience put a lot of minority group young Finally, and probably most impor­ men like himself through a kind of vicious Mr. BUTLER. Mr. Speaker, it is a tantly, in light of the pardon, I believe it double-door-first offering them acceptance privilege for me to join with other is time to erect a memorial or some other and mainstream status for their able per­ Members of Congress in paying tribute formance in uniform, then · taking it away form of recognition on behalf of the when they got home and found that Vietnam to Thomas H. Tear, who is retiring this 56,000 men and women who gave their month after serving as minority chief was a national disgrace. lives in the war. "I guess minorities feel this more strongly page of the House of Representatives The article follows: than anyone else," he said. "Having been out­ since 1953. (By William Greider) casts, they feel like, damn it, I earned my The page program is not only an im­ Certain scars from the war probably lie spot. I proved myself. Then we come back portant service to Members of Congress beyond the healing power of a presidential and we get none of this. Instead, they give but it is one which is a tremendous in­ proclamation, like little bits of shrapnel you a penny when you need a dollar and they ftuence on the lives of the young men buried too deep for easy removal. want to forget about the whole thing." and women who serve as pages. These pop up, now and then, briefiy ag­ Pacheco is in hock for $12,000 for his col· gravating, according to young men who were lege, which doesn't bother him greatly since Tom has played a major role in the there. A recurring dream perhaps, fighting in he has a good start with a major corporation success of this program. an unnamed patch of jungle, the helpless and the benefits of a classy education. What Tom came to the House with a dis­ feeling where peoplr. are shooting at you but rankles him is the memory of the Mexican­ tinguished background which included you can't see them. American and black kids he counseled at Ft. CXXIII--203-Part 3 3216 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1977 Carson, Colo., who couldn't make the same 'I think veterans feel, I would like the For a while he flew with a general into hot leap and weren't getting much encourage­ load taken off me. Something to say: look, areas where perhaps someone wanted to see ment to try. you jerks, I didn't start the war. I didn't a chaplain, perhaps not. After a while, that "When I first went in, a lot of us were ap­ make the policies. I did what I did because seemed pointless too. prehensive about Vietnam," he sa.ld. "It was it was my obligation, like my father's ob­ "I just said to hell with it," he said. "I '66, the thing was getting heavier over there. ligation, like my grandfather's. If it was don't think it's worth it. I don't think it's We accepted the fact that we were going to wrong, fine, but don't burn us for it." that important. I'm not going to do it Vietnam. We were kind of looking forward Lyman Sale Jr., a sturdy man with red­ anymore." to it." dish brown hair and the resonant voice of When Capt. Sale resigned his chaplaincy, Pacheco won a slot at officer candidate a natural-born preacher, grew up in north his home denomination, the American Bap­ school, then volunteered for Green Beret Georgia, and was called to the Baptist pulpit tists, was upset. "I got the impression they training at Ft. Bragg, N.C. He went to. war­ when he was 17 years old. After several thought I had chickened out," he said. Later as adviser to a Vietnamese army unit on the churches, he became an Army chaplain, when he made himself understood better, he Cambodian border in the delta region-well­ where God's ministry seemed so much more had to explain that he didn't want to crusade schooled in guerrilla tactics, but unprepared immediate and necessary. against the war or the Army, which he st111 for the backlash from home. "When I was 17, I guess I thought I was admired. He simply no longer believed in "I stopped reading the American news­ going to convert the world," he said smiling. what he was doing or what they were doing papers," he said. "They were so pro-North "Now at 41 I just hope to be able to some­ in Vietnam. Vietnam. I got very close to the Vietnamese how make it myself without getting in the So he left the church as well and started I was advising. I got to know them. I liked way of my family and the other people I a new career. them. I got to the point where L really didn't meet." The real world, he says he believes, is a care what people in the states thought." Chaplain Sale left the Army and the pul­ lot tougher place than orthodox religion But he heard from friends, who wrote to pit, and drifted away from orthodox fa.lth. or pacifist philosophy prepares one to him as though they feared he had lost his He now sells automobiles in Northern Vir­ encounter. senses. ginia ("selling tangibles instead of intangi­ "Religion to me now is simply a father "They couldn't understand what hap­ bles," he jokes). Maybe this would have hap­ wish projected against the heavens," he said. pened to me," he recalls. "Why I joined this pened to him anyway, without Vietnam. "And we would like it to be true that God 'killer' organization, the Green Berets. Why I On his first tour in 1968, Capt. Sale w.a.s is there. We don't know whether He is or not, got sucked in." hospital chaplain in the Eighth Field Hospi­ we'd like it to be true. We would like it to At one point, Pacheco wrote a 27-pa.ge tal at Nhatrang, the coastal zone which he be so that there is going to be peace in the letter to a friend, trying to explain the war remembers as strangely idyll1c, mornings world and that, if we all lay down our arms. in terms that made sense to him. And he gathering sea. shells along the beach, after­ nobody's going to run over us. But, in reality, heard from his younger brother, Patrick, who noons praying with the wounded. that doesn't happen." at 18 was applying for conscientious objec­ "It was a bad scene in the sense that it Lyman Sale's changed thinking could be a tor status and was ready to go to jail if was war," he said, "but it's something that, metaphor for so many Americans, painful turned down. if you lived through it, you look back on it knowledge gained from the hard experience. "Even though I was looking at the mlli­ with some real genuine feelings of, well, it He still believes in God but it is no dogma tary as a career," Pacheco said, "We were was one of the greatest times of my life." ("I simply hope there is"). He still believes very close. I really admired him for it. I The war came and went in that strange in peace, but he thinks pacifists must be ag­ think it takes a helluva lot for a man to way. He drank coffee in the morning with gressive ("taking peace to the enemy before say I'm going against the society and I'm he brings war to you"). brave friends, the air medics, and one even­ And he yearns sometimes to go back to willing to pay the price." ing he looked over their incinerated bodies, In November, 1968, when his tour ended, Vietnam and see the places where he once trying to help identify them. served, but he has moved on to a different Pacheco was back in the states only a few But strangely enough, the war reached him days when he wired Washington, asking for perspective of himself. more profoundly in 1969 back home in Wash­ "I decided I'm going to stop trying to con­ reassignment to Southeast Asia. ington where he was assigned as battalion "The vibes were too bad here," he said. vert the world and other people", he said, chaplain of the Presidential Honor Guard "and I'm just going to live my own life and "Everyone I talked to was a negative. What stationed at Ft. Myer. He conducted mor~ is it like to kill? How does it feel? Like that. let other people live theirs." than 600 funerals at Arlington Cemetery and Jan Scruggs, a slender and serious young A lot of it was just well-founded curiosity, I delJvered "death notifications" to the fami­ think but a lot of it was twisting it in you. man who lives in Silver Spring fingered the lies of Vietnam casualties. He remembered: Uttle bit of shrapnel underneath the skin It was like-hey-you're really a loser." "That was the hardest part of my job ... Pacheco went back to the war, caught a below his knee. "I ought to get it taken out," To be the first one to say that, you know, he said idly. little bit of shrapnel in his posterior. From your husband or your son was on a military home he heard that one cousin was court­ mission in a military aircraft and shot down Scruggs caught 12 bits of metal from a martia.led for refusing an order. Another was and burned. That was a rather terse message. rocket-propelled grenade one day on an in­ discharged with psychological problems It was the official one, about all that you fantry patrol in the Xuanloc region, but he when a close friend was killed. could give them at that particular moment. had his poncho rolled up tight on the back "I did have a difficult time adjusting when I think it cut into a lot of my own idealism of his belt and it caught a fragment headed I got back," he said. "It was sort of an eye­ about. how beautiful the world can be ... To for his spine. opening experience. We did our job, guys got think that we allow it to continue and we So he was lucky then and, in a. way, Scruggs killed, but we expected that. I lost some just go right on as though it were a part of is lucky now. Unlike a lot of other veterans, damn close friends, and I never really cried life and there's nothing any body can do he has found a way to focus on the resent­ over it because they were doing a job. Then about it." ments and frustrations left over from Viet­ when I got back, I really freaked out." Usually, the chaplain did not have to say nam without getting lost in them. Indeed, Pacheco worked it out, with support from much. The people knew the meaning of his Scruggs has found a way to objectify them­ his family. "Vietnam was good for me," he visit. to measure the scars and reduce them to said. "The Army made me an officer, gave me Once, he remembers, a woman pounded social science statistics. management experience, got me into Har­ on his uniformed chest, wailing: "Why The 26-year-old veteran studied psycho· vard, made me take a good look at myself and couldn't it be you instead of him?" logical counseling at Prince Georges Commu­ at the world as it really is. Nothing good was "I never did answer," the chaplain said. nity College and did graduate work at Ameri­ going to happen to me unless I was going to "It was just something she was feeling at can University and on his own, has surveyed do it for myself." the time." the Vietnam after-effects among Washing­ But why didn't the other Vietnam vets, Back in Vietnam in 1972, the American ton area veterans. he wondered, band together and build their presence was diminished greatly, but the own mutual-support organizations like the He tramped around the campuses handing chaplain still traveled by helicopter to visit out questionnaires to veterans and non-vet­ ones from earlier wars? troops in the field. "I've thought about this and I always erans, to those who served, in combat and come out at the same point," Pacheco said. "I'd have my own helicopter and pilot and those who didn't, and now he is preparing "We were a bunch of losers, and no group co-pilot, lower gunner and crew chief," he the results for publication in a professional is going to get together and be tagged a recalled. "I would think about it as I'd be journal. bunch of losers. I think people want to flying along, I'd be thinking, if we got shot The numbers on Scruggs' tables are dry, forget us as soon as possible." down, somebody would have to take the but their message is chilling. Only about What could anyone do now? Pecheco isn't notice for each of those men as well as my half of the Vietnam veterans in his sample sure. A TV campaign perhaps, or a monu­ family. feel the war did not leave them with psycho­ ment or better GI benefits, some gesture of "I got thinking about what I was doing and logical problems. The effects were stronger respect. He doesn't know the remedy, but he whether it was worth takin3 them out there among those who saw heavy combat, among still feels the burden: like that, so I stopped taking them out." draftees rather than enlistees, among those February 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3217 who opposed the war afterward, among black Pennsylvanian John Fries); by Thomas Jef­ NUCLEAR PoWER Dm MUCH To SAVE THE veterans. ferson (for those convicted under the Allen U.S. IN FRIGID CRISIS Scruggs found that the men who served and Sedition Laws and for those who deserted (By Frank Starr) in combat, especially when their units suf­ the militia during the affray against Aaron fered heavy casualties, are more likely to Burr), and by James Madison (for those who WASHINGTON .--on a cold morning. two had "deserted from the Army" during the weeks ago Monday an event of major slgnifl­ have lower trust in other people, greater cance occurred: the whole eastern half of political alienation, more divorces, lower war of 1812). During the CivU War, Abraham Lincoln the nation had an electric power emergency. self-esteem. That it didn't develop into a major black­ "It's still a live issue, it's not a dead issue," pardoned all citizens of the Confederacy who agreed to lay down their arms; and he par­ out like the one in 1965 was partly a re­ Scruggs insisted. He thumbed through the sult of new procedures instituted after that short bibliography to demonstrate how little doned all Union soldiers "now absent from their regiments without leave" who "report earlier event to prevent such blackouts. research has been done by psychologists to Nonetheless some power companies had to understand these things or what to do about themselves to a rendezvous." Death sentences go to their last-resort procedure--cutting them. for desertion were commuted to imprison­ ofl power to customers. Scruggs went through the same "negative ment for the duration of the war. Andrew What was especially signiflcant about it feelings" when he came home from the war, Johnson pardoned all those who had partic­ was that, whereas such crises had hereto­ when nobody was interested in his medal for ipated in the rebellion, excepting only Jeffer­ fore been summer phenomena, this one oc­ gallantry or the different world he had seen son Davis. The only condition was an oath curred in the dead of winter-partly be­ in the jungle. "to henceforth faithfully support, protect cause of record low temperatures. Com­ "As far as it affects me now, I don't know," and defend the Constitution." bined with natural gas [or other fuel) he said. "When I think about the social-class In modern times, Woodrow WUson "fur­ shortages which already threatened, this implications, the people I served with, the loughed" from prison those who, for reasons new problem could mean serious economic Navajos and Apaches, the blacks and Chi­ of conscience, violated the World War I Se­ and human damage in the future. canos, people from Puerto Rico who were lective Service laws. Warren G. Harding par­ What happened was this. Utllities in a drafted, the ones I saw die, it just tends to doned Eugene V. Debs and others 'Convicted band of states from Indiana, Michigan, and give me some pretty negative feelings." under the World War I espionage laws. Calvin Kentucky east to Virginia experienced a rec­ Like many of the combat veterans who an­ Coolidge pardoned all those who had vio­ ord winter demand of 56,200 megawatts that swered his questionnaire, Scruggs still dreams lated the World War I draft or espionage day. But in addition to the 11,000 megawatts about it occasionally, not one recurring laws and those who deserted the armed forces of Midwest generating capacity already out dream but certain themes that he recognizes after the Armistice. Franklin Roosevelt par­ on routine maintenance, another 9,000 mega­ as reflections of his war service. doned and restored to full citizenship all watts was incapacitated because coal piles The dream, he explained, is this: those who had violated any World War I law, were frozen, coal was wet, or oil and coal "Basically you are in combat situations. excepting only those who had fled the barges were paralyzed in Ohio River ice. You are kind of helpless to do anything­ country. Elsewhere, equipment was crippled by lee frustrating type of situation in combat. You Harry Truman exercised the pardon power deposits, and high winds snapped lee-heavy never really saw the enemy during battle. on three occasions: In 1945 for World War II transmission lines. Across the whole inter­ All you saw was a thick vegetation in the deserters who had one year's honorable serv­ regional networks of power exchanges, the jungle, explosions to your right and left and ice; in 1947 for those who had violated the 60-cycle frequency began to sag-a sign the bullets hitting trees all around you." World War II draft laws for reasons of con­ demand was not being met. science, and in 1952 for those who deserted Phone calls began between regional power after World War II hostUities had termi­ pools and to individual companies. All ex­ nated. cess capacity was ordered onto the line in an During the Korean War, a large number of effort to hold the frequency up. The next step THE AMERICAN PARDONERS: FROM American soldiers were captured, and some was 5 per cent voltage reductions. Then came WASHINGTON TO EISENHOWER 4,500 or so became "turncoats" who aided the appeals to industrial consumers to cut back enemy. President Eisenhower ordered that demand. And finally in Virginia, Georgia, none of them be prosecuted absent "the most and some parts of Florida, customers, includ­ HON. THEODORE S. WEISS compelling and convincing evidence" of ad­ ing residential users, suddenly found their ditional "serious crime." power going off for an hour or more at a OF NEW YORK Thus, the American tradition is one of time. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES reconciliation; in the words of Lincoln, to do "all which may achieve a just and lasting The New England and New York power Tuesday, February 1, 1977 peace among ourselves," President-elect Car­ pools were exporting electricity to the Mid­ ter's announced program of amnesty lies well west and the South. New York, for the first Mr. WEISS. Mr. Speaker, the ongoing time ever in winter, reduced voltage by 5 per discussion of the amnesty issue could not within that high tradition. FRANK THOMPSON Jr., cent in order to be able to export. Even New be complete without reference to actions Member of Congress, 4th Dist., N.J. Brunswick in Canada was putting on extra by past Chief Executives relative to par­ (Prof.) DANIEL H. POLLITT, capacity. dons and other acts of amnesty. Our University of North Carolina. An unusual thing had happened. distinguished colleague, FRANK THoMP­ WASHINGTON, Jan.14, 1977. Previously the nationwide weekly output soN of New Jersey, together with Prof. had always peaked in the summer. A record Dan Pollit of the University of North of 41.79 billion kilowatt hours set in the Carolina, pointed out in a recent letter summer of 1973 had stood for almost three to the New York Times, that 12 past years untU last summer when it hit 43.8 Presidents have granted pardons for the THE ENERGY PROBLEM billion. But even on the week before that Monday, national good. I would like to share Mr. Jan. 17, the record had been broken once THOMPSON'S and Mr. Pollitt's letter again-with a 45.5 billion total. with my colleagues; it provides informa­ HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI OF TI.LINOIS But here is the kicker. The East Central tion which can assist us in making judg­ states were 90 per cent dependent on coal, ments about President Carter's pardon IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES much of which was locked under mountains plans. The letter follows: Tuesday, February 1, 1977 of ice or was wet when brought in. Dayton THE AMERICAN PARDONERS: FRoM [Ohio] Power and Light, for example, was WASHINGTON TO EISENHOWER Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, as the operating at 50 per cent of capacity. To the EDITOR : House today debates the so-called But the areas that were balling out the Mr. Westmoreland's recent comments ("No emergency energy bill, it is well for us coal-fired generators were largely nuclear Pardon for Draft Evaders," Op-Ed Dec. 12) to ponder the entire energy problem powered. In the New England pool, all seven that President-elect Carter's proposed pardon facing the country. of the nuclear plants were operating and pro­ for all Vietnam draft evaders "would be The Chicago Tribune's Washington viding 30 per cent of the output. Only one without precedent" indicates that history, columnist, Frank Starr, in an article in plant there is coal-fired; the rest use oU. like war, is too important to be left to the Northeast Utilities in Hartford, Conn., is the January 31, Tribune, analyzes the entirely nuclear. generals. positive contributions of nuclear power A partial listing of the "precedent" in­ According to the Edison Electric Institute, cludes pardons by George Washington (for to effectively help in alleviating energy the utilities' trade association, Chicago's those guilty of treason in a "whiskey re­ shortages that this country is facing Commonwealth Edison, which is normally 40 bell1on" ); by John Adams (for those con­ during this abnormal winter season. per cent nuclear had coal freezing problems. victed of treason in the insurrection by the The article follows: But with a 5 per cent voltage reduction, it 3218 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1," 1977

met its demand through an increase of Regretting that many of these demands World Wildlife Fund, meeting in San Fran­ nuclear output to 48 per cent. Six of its arise from whims, fads and fancies rather cisco, U.S.A., from 1 November to 1 Decem­ seven plants were on line with one out for than from essential requirements of human ber 1976: routine maintenance. society; Congratulates the young people of Came­ The only nuclear-powered plant reported Being concerned that such demands en­ roon, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia and India on incapacitated by the cold weather was Vir­ courage over-exploitation of these wild ani­ their initiative in forming wildlife clubs, ginia Electric Power Company's Surrey in­ mals and plants not included in the Conven­ and trusts that the Governments of these stallation, which failed because ice from the tion on International Trade in Endangered countries will give them increased support; James River clogged its water intakes. Species of Wild Fauna. and Flora, conse­ Urges other Governments of the world to In short, it probably can be said, with only quently threatening their continued sur­ facilitate and encourage the establishment slight exaggeration, that nuclear power bailed vival; of youth organizations for conservation in the country out of an emergency on the The Fourth International Congress of the their respective countries. morning of Jan. 17. WorZct Wildlife Fund, meeting in San Fran­ Recognizes that lasting conservation of na­ The antinuclear lobby won't be pleased cisco, U.S.A., from 29 November to 1 Decem­ ture and natural resources can only be about that, but it did happen. ber 1976: achieved in the context of balanced develop­ Draws attention to the threats to wild ment; resources from demands for curios and Being aware that both the international souvenirs promoted through the tourist and national agencies that provide aid for WORLD Wn..DLIFE FUND industry; for specimens of, for example, development have been paying increasing at­ butterflies, sea shells and corals; for live tention in recent years to the need to con­ animals by the pet tr:a.de; and for wild skins, serve the potential of natural resources and HON. JOSEPH L. FISHER furs e.nd other products to satisfy fashion to avoid incidental or indirect harmful ef­ OF VmGINIA or human vanity; fects of development; Urges all Governments to institute effec­ Considering that, in order to ensure bal­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tive mea~;ures to regulate the taking, process­ anced development, each country should have Tuesday, February 1, 1977 ing and trading of these wild species for a national plan to provide inter alia for the these purposes; conservation of representative ecosystems Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, during the Appeals to conservation organizations and and of the generic resources of its fauna World Wildlife Fund Fourth Interna­ the public of all countries to exercise their and :flora; tional Congress, held in San Francisco, influence and pressure to encourage rejec­ The Fourth International Congress of the November 29-December 1, 1976, a number tion of the ethics by which these demands World Wildlife Fund, meeting in San Fran­ of resolutions dealing with wildlife re­ are at present promoted. cisco, U.S.A., from 1 November to 1 Decem­ sources throughout the world were 24. Use of anticoagulant chemicals to control ber 1976: vampire bats Recommends that Governments should de­ adopted. velop such national plans as soon as prac­ Today I am inserting into the CoN­ Being aware that vampire bats (Desmodm ticable; GRESSIONAL RECORD seven Of the resolu­ rotundus) cause major problems in parts Urges the World Bank, the United Nations tions adopted at the meeting. Also I am of Central and South America; Development Program, and other interna­ introducing into the RECORD the World Knowing of recently developed chemical tional and national funding agencies to pro­ Wildlife Fund's San Francisco declara­ control programs based on anticoagulant vide resources for the development of these substances; plans; tion on the seas. Recognizing that these chemicals may be While I do not necessarily endorse Recommends further that such funding applied intraruminally (in hosts), or di­ agencies should ensure that an ecological im­ every position taken by the World Wild­ rectly on captured bats, and on the walls pact statement should be prepared by a com­ life Fund, I did want to bring the reso­ of roosts (caves and trees); petent independent organization in the plan­ lutions to the attention of my colleagues: Believing that every effort must be made ning stage of the developments and that FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF THE to develop control methods that are species developments should only be supported that specifl.c; WORLD WILDLIFE FuND conform to sound ecological principles. Being convinced that the topical applica­ DR.U'T CONGRESS RESOLUTIONS tion of anticoagulants either on captured No. 28. Conservation and saving of energy 21. The ratification, accession and implemen­ bats or roost walls presents a potential Convinced that prospective energy defi­ tation of international conventions by non­ d:anger to wildlife other than vampire bats; ciencies in the 1980's could produce a crisis party States The Fourth International Congress of the of potentially disastrous proportions for both Recognizing that the fullest application of World Wildlife Fund, meeting in San Fran­ rich and poor nations; the Convention on International Trade in cisco, U.S.A., from 29 November to 1 De­ Believing that it is possible to avoid or Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, cember 1976: mitigate this new energy crisis by urgent the Convention Concerning the Protection of Urges a total ban on all topical methods and determined action, particularly by the the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, of application of anticoagulant chemicals high energy consuming countries, including: and the Convention on Wetlands of Inter­ to control vampire bats; ( 1) acceptance of the fact that we must national Importance Especially as Waterfowl Requests that all other methods of vam­ make the transition to a society in which en­ Habitat would be of great consequence for pire bat control be implemented only with­ ergy costs are high; (2) special measures to the conservation of the world's wildlife and in defined problem areas and that the ex­ deal with the problems of those who may be natural heritage; istence of these problem areas be docu­ disproportionately or inequitably hurt by Aware that the ultimate effectiveness of mented; this transition; (3) urgent action to secure these Conventions depends upon their uni­ Welcomes data from independent field agreement between OPEC countries and oil versal application; studies on the long-term effects of vampire importing countries on levels of price and Noting that a resolution promulgated by chemical control programs on vampire bat supply during the important transition pe­ the First Meeting of the Conference of the popUlation densities, both locally and over riod of the next ten years; (4) a vastly Parties to the Convention on International the vampire bat's geographical range, and stepped up commitment to the development Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna on any indirect effects on other speices of and use of environmentally sound energy and Flora, Bern, Switzerland, 2-6 November wildlife; and sources and in particular such "soft" tech­ 1976, called for greater participation in that Recommends further research by inde­ nologies as solar and wind power; ( 5) a mas­ Convention; pendent organiza.tions to determine the sive commitment to energy conservation and Appreciating the spirit of universality pathways of chemicals and their breakdown energy/saving practices; including more ef­ which prevailed at the time of adoption of products used in control programs for vam­ ficient use of existing energy sources, not as each of these Conventions; pire bats. one option among others, but as an indis­ The Fourth International Congress of the pensable pre-condition to the successful 25. Support for youth conservation transition to the high energy cost economy; World Wildlife Fund, meeting in San Fran­ organizations cisco, U.S.A., from 29 November to 1 Decem­ (6) use by Governments of the public policy ber 1976: Recognizing the necessity of education to levers available to them to make the impor­ create awareness and knowledge of conser- Urges that States that are not yet doing so, tant adjustments in the sytsem of incentives should ratify or accede to each Convention vation among the young people o! the world and penalties which motivate the economy at the earliest possible opportunity and, until to ensure the long-term maintenance of all so as to bring about these changes; they become Parties, should act in the spirit conservation efforts; The Fourth International Congress of the Recognizing that the African-born idea of of each Convention. World Wildlife Fund, meeting in San Fran­ Wildlife (Nature) Clubs is today accepted cisco, U.S.A., from 29 November to 1 Decem­ 22. Trade in wildlife products not covered by as one of the most effective means of creat­ the Washington convention ber 1976: ing awareness of conservation needs among Calls upon governments and their leaders Realizing that demands for certain wild the young by involving them actively in the to give such measures highest priority; animals and plants and their products are practical aspects of conservation; Further calls upon citizens as individuals rapidly increasing; The Fourth International Congress of the and through their own organizations to pro- February 1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3219 vide the support required to make such out facing up to the possib1lity of these at $14,000, $450; at $16,500, $570; at measures possible-through their own atti­ resources disappearing. $20,000, $850; and at $50,000, $3,130. tudes, their expectations, their behaviour as Today national boundaries are being ex­ cons'lUllers, as voters and as the prime actors tended far into the oceans-but for as long Even those singles who file as head of in the social environment in which these as marine animals cross those boundaries household are discriminated against. A changes must be effected. or occupy the diminishing areas of interna­ widowed, divorced, or single parent with 29. Support from oil producing countries tional waters, and for as long as we remain children to support pays up to 10 percent unwilling or unable to adopt management more than the married couple with one Whereas the Permanent Representative of procedures that recognize the needs of these the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Ambassador income. At an $8,000 income, the single animals, the potential for control offered by parent pays $1,480-$100 more than the Baroody, on November 1st, 1976, introduced increased national jurisdiction will remain into the 31st session of the United Nations small. married couple with one income. General Assembly a resolution which "Ap­ The seas are a resource but much more A woman who goes to work to supple­ peals to all oil producing countries to con­ than a resource. They are a symbol of hu­ ment the family income is now penalized sider introducing a levy of a VAT of 1 cent manity's ability to live in harmony with our by the tax system for such initiative. For per barrel which, though insignificant, would only home. This ab1lity is now gravely in example, if a woman goes to work to amount to between 200 and 300 million dol­ doubt. Only an immediate and enormous lars per annum which shall be deposited in supplement her husband's $5,000 a year effort by all the peoples and nations of this income, and her income is $5,000, the a special account of the United Nations En­ planet can change that doubt into hope. Our vironment Program to help save the bio­ programme is such an effort. couple will pay $200 more in taxes than sphere for mankind"; if they were two single persons filing in­ The Fourth International Congr ess of the dividual returns. World Wildlife Fund, meeting in San Fran­ These higher rates for singles and for cisco, U.S.A., from 29 November to 1 Decem­ married working couples were mandated TAX EQUITY FOR SINGLE PERSONS ber 1976: in the 1940's, when most families con­ AND MARRIED WORKING COUPLES Congratulates and commends the Govern­ sisted of a working husband and a wife ments of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for this enlightened initiative which offers new who lived at home. Then, a working wife hope and encouragement to all those who are was the exception, and her income was concerned that our fragile planet Earth con­ HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI added to that needed to sustain the tinues to be a secure and hospitable home OF KENTUCKY household. for the whole human family; and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Today, the pressures of inflation and Further pledges its full cooperation and the changing view of women's role in Tuesday, February 1, 1977 support to the Government of Saudi Arabia society have drastically changed that and the Secretary General of the United Na­ Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, I have situation; 89 percent of wives who work tions in their efforts to obtain the accept­ joined 92 Members of the House of Rep­ are from families with a total income of ance and effective implementation of this vitally important proposal. resentatives in cosponsoring Rep. En­ $25,000 or less per year. The great ma­ WARD KocH'S bill, H.R. 850, ending tax jority of working women come from THE WORLD WILDLIFE FUND'S SAN FRANCISCO discrimination against single persons and lower- and middle-income families. As DECLARATION married couples where both persons the role of women in society has changed, The seas that wash the shores on which so has their employment patterns. More this great city is built reach out to all the work. peoples of the earth. Ocean waters temper This legislation would extend to all women today are entering the labor force heat, soften cold, and fall as rain to slake unmarried individuals the full tax bene­ than ever before, and indications are that the thirst of all communities, however far fits of income splitting now enjoyed by that trend will continue gaining momen­ inland. married persons filing joint returns on tum in the years ahead. The seas give life. They sustain many a single income. The bill would also as­ These changes in societal standards of the creatures of our planet. They feed us, sist married couples where both persons and in the purchasing power of the dol­ and bring us pleasure, beauty and peace. work, who in some cases are more highly lar necessitate a complete revamping of The seas give life-and in return we the tax laws affecting single persons and humans take that life. We harvest greedily, taxed than two single individuals earn­ careless of the ability of fish or whales or ing the same income. married couples where both wife and turtles to maintain their numbers. We pol­ This quirk in our. tax laws has created husband work. lute in ignorance of the seas' capacity to the absurd situation where couples some­ Last year the Ways and Means Com­ absorb our wastes. We devour the homes and times obtain divorces to avoid paying mittee set up a task force to study the larders of the llfe of the seas, destroying higher taxes, though they have continued problems of tax treatment of single per­ tomorrow for the sake of today. living together. sons and working married couples. That The Seas Must Live. Without them, we At present over 54 million taxpayers task force has yet to produce its recom­ shall be less able to feed the generations to are discriminated against solely on the mendations. I hope that the Ways and come. Without them, the lives of all of us wlll be irredeemably impoverished. Already basis of their marital status. Whether Means Committee will take up this issue this impoverishment has begun. The Steller's widowed, divorced, or unmarried, a sin­ in 19?7, and establish a universal, pro­ sea cow is extinct. The Carribean Monk Seal gle person who works pays up to 20 per­ gressive tax rate for all taxpayers, what­ too has almost certainly followed it to ob­ cent more in taxes than a taxpayer with ever their marital status, as embodied in livion. Many species of whales, dolphins and a nonworking spouse filing a joint return. H.R. 850. porpoises, seals, the sea otter, dugongs and manatees, crocodiles, turtles and sea birds By filing a joint return, those married couples where only one spouse earns an are threatened with extinction. DRAFT EVADERS All of these species play their parts in income can split that income and thus the generous processes of the seas. If we are pay taxes at a lower rate. A person earn­ unable to live with them that generosity ing $30,000 a year can file a joint return HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE will be undermined. with his or her spouse, and pay two taxes OF TEXAS The seas reach out to us all. Let us all on $15,000. Since the tax rate on $15,000 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for our part reach out to them and to the is lower, that method is significantly creatures that dwell in them. We, the par­ cheaper than a single person filing alone. Tuesday, February 1, 1977 ticipants of the Fourth International Con­ gress of the World Wildlife Fund assembled Single persons now pay higher taxes Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, before here in San Francisco call on our fellows than married couples, where the husband President Carter chose to pardon the throughout the world to join in a common alone is the wage earner. Those married Vietnam-era draft evaders, I expressed endeavour. We must protect the feeding, couples filing jointly are penalized, as to him my opposition to any such pro­ breeding and resting areas of the animals of their tax schedule has higher rates than posal. Now that the pardon has been the seas. We must safeguard the nutrient the schedule for single persons filing granted, I would like to express my views sources and the nurseries of our fisheries. alone. for the public record. We must regulate our use of marine animals In beginning his inaugural address, at levels that can be sustained. We must To give some examples: A single tax­ control the extent to which we use the seas payer earning $12,000 annually will pay Presid~nt Carter stated: $2,630 in taxes before credits. If he or For myself and our nation, I want to to dump our wastes. We must recognise the thank my predecessor for all he has done to interdependence of all species: we cannot she is married, however, they will pay heal our land. contemplate the exploitation of the food spe­ $2,260-a difference of $370. The tax cies of animals already exploited by us with- penalty for neing single at $8,000 is $210; Yet, in beginning his administration 3220 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1977 with a blanket pardon of Vietnam-era vey of Vietnam deserters showed that Americans and their friends who are draft evaders, he has opened old and only 14 percent of those processed under dedicated to the advancement of Irish new wounds alike. The pardon has the amnesty program were motivated by culture and interests, held its first an­ brought the Vietnam war back onto the objection to the war. Personal problems nual dinner at the Sheraton Hotel in front pages of our newspapers and pain­ and concern for their own safety were Philadelphia on January 12, 1977. This fully into the minds of those individuals most often mentioned. dinner was attended by over a thousand and families who suffered the most from If the pardon of draft evaders was it­ persons, including clergy, union leaders, the war. self a moral decision, then on what moral and members, and civic and political I fear that the pardon's main effect basis should draft evaders receive par­ leaders. will not be to heal our land, but to lower dons while deserters receive jail terms? I was privileged to attend along with the morale among those men and women Although I condone neither desertion nor many of my constituents, and with in our armed services who are dedicated evasion, the moral basis for pardoning Mayor Frank L. Rizzo, President Judge to protecting our land. one group and not the other seems tenu­ Joseph R. Glancey, Supreme Court Jus­ As an American citizen who fought ous at best. In fact, one could argue that tice Michael J. Egan, Commonwealth and was injured in World War II, I deserters, at least, served their country Court Justice James C. Crumlish, Jr., would ask just whose "wounds" will the up to a point-they made an effort, how­ Auditor General Robert P. Casey, and pardon "bind up?" Surely not the over­ ever little or much, to serve their military Deputy Mayor Philip E. C. Carroll. whelming majority of the next of kin of obligations; while evaders served not a The Irish Society's President James J. the 56,234 American dead from all causes single day for their country. O'Neill, president of Plumbers Union in Vietnam; the 303,000 wounded; the Who can say what the consequence 690; register of wills, Thomas A. Leon­ families of the hundreds still carried as will be of pardons to those who evaded ard; prominent attorney Michael J. missing in action; the 591 prisoners of their responsibilities as citizens because Stack; and the society's able adminis­ war; the 2% million who served honor­ of personal inconveniences? Who can say trator, George Costello, directed the ably in Vietnam; or the 600,000 con­ whether the fine moral line between draft evening's festivities. Awards were given scriptees who served in Vietnam, like it evading and desertion will be used as to industrialist and philanthropist John or not, of which 71,500 were killed and/ justification for future desertion? Even McShain; author and civic leader Owen or wounded while so doing. today there is a serious desertion prob­ B. Hunt, a native of Ireland; and the dis­ As past chairman of the House Vet­ lem that the pardon may compound. In tinguished Irish poet Thomas Kinsella. erans Affairs Committee, I have visited 1976, for example, the Navy suffered the Mr. Kinsella's award was presented li>Y with thousands of the 29.7 million pres­ highest desertion rate in its history, Philadelphia lawyer, John M. Elliott, ently living veterans--citizens who have more than double the highest Navy rate whose remarks eloquently underscore the served this country in time of war and during the Vietnam war. The Marines lyrical, forceful, and abiding role of peace. I have visited hundreds who were and the Army are also experiencing poetry in Irish life. America's cultural in hospitals, many of those for life, as a serious desertion problems. and social pluralism has been enhanced consequence of service to their country. If wartime draft dodging is to be by these contributions. I too hope that Others with whom I have talked-par­ excused by the Commander in Chief, the traditional values of the power and ents, wives, and children-were not so why not the less serious offenses of peace­ lucky. Their loved ones made the ulti­ purpose of poetry, including Tom Kinsel­ time absences? Most importantly, for the la's become contagious. mate sacrifice of life. safety of all Americans, should future The pardon of draft evaders can only On behalf of the Irish-American So­ conscription become necessary, will not ciety and their friends I wish to include make these wounds more painful. The young people be tempted to evade the pardon will not "get the Vietnam war a copy of remarks made by Mr. John draft in the hopes of future forgiveness? Elliott at the society's recent dinner in over with"; it can only prolong the Who then will be left to defend our agonizing memories of those who served the RECORD: freedoms? REMARR::S OF JOHN M. ELLIOTT when called upon. I question whether While Presidential pardons are pro­ that price is too high to pay simply to The Irish Society tonight honors the dis­ vided for in our Constitution, a blanket tinguished Irish poet Thomas Kinsella. This placate the few who refused to serve in pardon is tantamount to a mass burial evening Tom, presently a Professor of Eng­ any capacity. of due process of law. Judicial findings lish at Temple University, is admirably en­ In our concerns for those who evaded in light of individual circumstances are joying his holiday sabbatical in Ireland. the draft for moral reasons, let us not circumvented; and while our judicial Too often Irish history and culture are forget that our country provided alterna­ system is not perfect, no American well kept secrets. Ireland's history has too tives. They could have served in non­ should expect more, nor settle for less, frequently been written by her enemies. In combat positions. In contrast to most so­ than his fair day in court. America, and indeed PhUadelphia, the Irish cieties throughout history, they were do not control the press, the media, the in­ More than most, I know full well that ternational publishing houses, the leading given a second chance after the war. wars are fought by boys, sUffered by President Ford's amnesty program would academic institutions, the foundations or women, and started by men old enough the major financial institutions. Our story have allowed them to work in peaceful to know better. But-and here is the ha.s not yet been told. Unfortunately, no activities in lieu of military service. How­ crucial "but"-while we hate war, we, Irish have been appointed to the incoming ever, only 14 percent chose to do so. In President's cabinet. We have become too con­ effect, they were saying their citizen­ as a free nation, should never desist in tent and fra.,am.ented. our support for those who are called Thus, tonight is highly appropriate for ship entailed no responsibilities of serv­ upon to fight. ice on their part. They not only did not this diverse and vast group of Irish-Amer­ want to fight; they did not want to work History will judge what wars are "just" icans-and our friends-to honor Thomas in behalf of their country. ones; but without a firm and recognized Kinsella, a great Irish poet, and to recall the obligation of its citizens to serve when great glory of Irish poems. In a free society, we must respect the asked, our Nation's history could be Poems are not the exclusive preserve of right of all individuals to their moral be­ the educated and the a1Huent. Generations liefs. Yet, when those beliefs differ with shortlived; for no free nation can sur­ of hard working Irish-Americans infused the the laws established to maintain that vive unless its people are willing to ac­ American dream with a rich lyricism and in­ free society, the individual must face the cept the huge obligations of their free­ domitable hope which sprang from their keen obligation his beliefs entail. In this case, dom. minds, devoted hearts, and strong backs. Great poetry can be written by the quiet dig­ we only asked that conscientious ob- nity o! housewife's love for her family; by jectors offer alternative service which THE ffiiSH SOCIETY HOLDS FIRST a nun's commitment to her pupils; by a po- did not conflict with their views. Should ANNUAL DINNER liceman's hazardous sacrifices to maintain an individual not be willing to face this c1v111zat1on; by the daily and often unher­ obligation, I would truly question the alded contributions of the teamsters, mi­ depth and sincerity of his moral posi­ HON. RAYMOND F. LEDERER ners, steel workers and teachers, whose daily tions. OF PENNSYLVANIA labors strengthen the sinews of our land; In our concern for those who evaded and by the men of public commitment--like IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the late Mayor Richard J. Daley-whose ca­ the draft for moral reasons, let us also Tuesday, February 1, 1977 reers reach back into a tradition of hard­ not forget that the large majority of ship and sharp discrimination which drove draft evaders were probably not moti­ Mr. LEDERER. Mr. Speaker, the Irish the Irish to politics, an art through which vated by moral objectives. An Army sur- Society, a broad-based group of Irish- they have well served the Commonwealth. February 2, 1977 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3221 May the strength and the beauty of our "They shall be spoken of a.mong their people but they all worshipped and served the same traditional devotion to God, country, family, The generations shall remember them God of justice and liberty, which thanks to and freedom continue to fuel our poetry-and And call them blessed their great efforts today smiles on the Irish our purpose. Let us not forget the Cardinal "But I w11l speak their names to my own Republic. Doughertys, Jack Kehoes, John F. Kennedys, heart However, Tom Kinsella's strong voice has and the men and women of the row homes, In the long nights. The little names that not forgotten that Ireland wlll not be free the patches, the coal holes, the parishes, the were until justice also reigns in the North. union halls and the city halls, who have con­ Fam111ar once round my dead hearth In a compe111ng blend of lyricism, history tributed so much to the vindication of the and force, Tom's Butcher's Dozen reminds American dream. "Lord, Thou art hard on mothers us: Remember a Jew was elected Mayor of We suffer in their coming and their going Dublin before one even ran for Mayor of And though I grudge them not, I weary, "-An Empire-builder handing on. Philadelphia, and the Irish born Sister Fee­ weary of We reap the ruin when you've gone, han opposed the viciousness of apartheid by The long sorrow, and yet I have ttly joy; my All your errors heaped behind you: opening her school to all children regardless Sons were faithful and they fought." Promises that do not bind you, of race or religion, and in doing so reminded Hopes in conflict, cramped commissions, Thomas MacDonagh was shot the next day. Faiths exploited, and traditions." the world that she was "merely following the He said: teachings of Christ to whom the color of "The proclamation of the Irish Republic "My curse on the cunning and the bland, children's skin means nothing". The beauty has been adduced in evidence against me, one On gentlemen who loot a land ·and the truth of her actions is an enduring of its signatories. They do not care to understand; poem, which sharply contrasts with the in­ "You think it is already dead, a. buried Who keep the natives on their paws sensitivity of many of the worlds more afflu­ letter, but it lives, it lives. With ready lash and rotten laws; ent, more sophisticated citizens, who benefit "From minds alight with Ireland's vivid Then if the beasts erupt in rage from, tolerate or blink away this intolerable intellect, it sprang. In hearts aflame with Give them a slightly larger cage discrimina.tion. Ireland's mighty love, it was conceived. Such And, in scorn and fear combined, Centuries of Penal Codes, Acts of Union and other brutally oppressive measures documents do not die." Turn them against their own kind. made the Irish a. uniquely oral culture. Bat­ Next, Joseph Plunkett was executed just The game runs out of room at last, tles won and lost; hopes and dreams; God, hours after marrying his fiance, the talented A people rises from its past, sky and the sea-all found full expression artist Grace Gifford in his cell. As a wedding in our poetry, song and oral tradition. present he gave her his immortal: The going gets unduly tough "I see his blood upon the rose And you have (surely ...?) had enough. As you know, many of Ireland's greatest And in the stars the glory of his eyes The time has come to yield your place patriots were poets. catholic and Protestant With condescending show of grace" alike they gave their words and often their His body gleams amid external snows lives for a free Ireland. The men of the His tears fall from the skies We have a. great culture and a rich his­ Easter Rebellion were a great amalgam of I seek his face in every flower tory. Men like Thomas Kinsella enhance it, humanity. They were idealists without mu­ The thunder and the singing of the birds but we must all individually and collectively sion, who shared a common heritage with Are but his voice--and join the fight. The Irish Society has sig­ many of us. Carven by his power nificant work to do ln Philadelphia and in­ Rocks are his written words James Connolly and James Larkin were deed throughout Pennsylvania. We must be­ coura.gt."<>US pioneer union organizers. Pad­ "All pathways by his feet are worn come a strong voice and a vital force in pro­ raic Pearse was a teacher, poet and lin­ His strong heart stirs the ever beating sea., tecting and expanding our traditional con­ guist; his younger brother Willie, a sculptor. His crown of thorns is twined with every tributions: to religious vocations, to govern­ Thomas MacDonagh was a widely pub­ thorn ment, to education, to public safety, to the lished English scholar whose book on the His cross is every tree." medical, legal and business professions, and to virtues of family and community life, if influence of early Anglo-Saxon metres in Their beautiful and immortal words, join­ Irish poetry is st111 a classic. the qua.Uty of llfe in this region is to be ing those of Shaw, O'Casey, George Moore, enhanced. Joseph Plunkett was a poet and editor of Countess Markievicz, Maud Gonne and many Another Irish poet, President John F. Ken­ the Irish Review. EXcept for James Larkin, of other great Irish literary talents rang like who was absent in America, all these men of nedy in his epic speech at Amherst, reminded tne blows of a million hammers on the anvil us of the power and purpose of poetry: extraordinary talent, vision and sensitivity of oppression and made sparks fly which st111 were brutally executed by the British. "When power leads man toward arrogance, light Ireland's soul. poetry reminds him of the richness and The wounded Connolly was too weak to Thomas Kinsella's resonant and lyrical diversity of existence. When power corrupts, stand and was shot in a. chair; Padraic and works are in this great tradition. His classic poetry cleanses." W1111e Pearse were shot within a. few days of Another September, Downstream, Night­ each other. Our contemporary challenge is eloquently walker and Other Poems have won critical sounded in Yeats "Under Ben Bulben," which Padraic's epic poem to his mother, which acclaim. urges us to seize inspiration from our hangs over Rose Kennedy's bed, would move His Butcher's Dozen powerfully decries the splendid heritage and even a stone: sectarian and religious strife which our ene­ "I do not grudge them: Lord, I do not mies have d111gently planted in Ireland to "Cast our minds on other days grudge obscure the common purpose and sacrifices That we in coming days may be My two strong sons that I have seen go out of the Irish people. Still the Lndomitable Irishry" to We must never forget ·that Robert Emmett, Tonight is a. great beginning. Philadelphia Break their strength and die; they and a Erskin Childers, and Charles Stuart Parnell is lucky to have the indomitable Tom Kin­ few in did not go to the same church as Eamon de sella's quality and strength with us. May his Bloody protest for a glorious thing Valera, Michael Collins or Daniel O'Connell, example be contagious.

SENATE-Wednesday, February 2, 1977 (Legislative day of Tuesday, February 1, 1977) The Senate met at 11 a.m., on the prayer and creative refreshment. Grant Senate from the President pro tempore expiration of the recess, and was called us strength and wisdom to persevere for (Mr. EASTLAND). to order by Hon. JAMES B. ALLEN, a Sen- what is right and good for the Nation-a The assistant legislative clerk read the ator from the State of Alabama. day productive of sound legislation. following letter: U.S. SENATE, When evening comes grant us the peace PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, PRAYER of those whose minds are stayed on Thee. Washington, D.C., February 2, 1977. The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward We pray in His name, who went about To the Senate: doing good. Amen. Being temporarily absent from the Senate L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following on official duties, I appoint Hon. JAMEs B. prayer: ALLEN, a Senator from the State of Alabama, 0 Lord, our God, make us good work­ to perform the duties of the Chair during my men this day. May there be no apathy, no APPOINTMENT OF ACTING PRESI­ absence. fid­ JAMES 0. EASTLAND, indifference, no wasted minutes, no DENT PRO TEMPORE President pro tempore. dling with trivia, no unseemly procras­ tination, no unnecessary postponements. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk Mr. ALLEN thereupon took the chair Help us to use the pauses for silent will please read a communication to the as Acting P.resident pro tempore.