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Master's Thesis Effects of Management Practices on The UNIVERSITY OF COPENH AGEN FACULTY OF SCIENCE Master’s Thesis Ruben Hernandez Romero Effects of management practices on the habitat quality of Danish dry heathlands [Undertitel på afhandling] Supervisor: Inger Kappel Schmidt Handed in: 21st March 2016 2 University: University of Copenhagen Faculty: Faculty of Science Name of department: Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Program: MSc Nature Management (Landscape, Biodiversity and Planning) Author Ruben Hernandez Romero Title: Effects of management practices on the habitat quality of Danish dry heathlands Cover picture: Randbøl Hede in summer 2015. Area used as control. Supervisor: Inger Kappel Schmidt Co-supervisor: Sebastian Kepfer Rojas Submitted: 21st March 2016 3 4 Table of contents List of tables .......................................................................................................................................... 7 List of figures ....................................................................................................................................... 10 Abbreviation ........................................................................................................................................ 11 Abstract ............................................................................................................................................... 13 Preface ................................................................................................................................................ 15 Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................... 16 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................ 17 2. Heathlands ecosystems .............................................................................................................. 19 2.1. Heathlands as European cultural landscapes .......................................................................... 21 2.2. Drivers of change ..................................................................................................................... 23 2.3. Habitat quality status .............................................................................................................. 25 2.4. Habitat resilience .................................................................................................................. 26 2.5. Management practices............................................................................................................ 27 2.5.1. Grazing ................................................................................................................................ 29 2.5.2. Burning ............................................................................................................................... 30 2.5.3. Cutting ................................................................................................................................ 32 3. Problem statement ................................................................................................................. 35 4. Methodology .............................................................................................................................. 37 4.1. Study area.............................................................................................................................. 37 4.2. Experiment Design ................................................................................................................... 40 4.3. Soil sampling and analysis ....................................................................................................... 41 4.4. Vegetation sampling ............................................................................................................... 42 4.5. Habitat Quality Assessment .................................................................................................... 43 4.6. Data analysis ........................................................................................................................... 44 5 5. Results ........................................................................................................................................ 47 5.1. Soil parameters........................................................................................................................ 47 5.2. Vegetation height .................................................................................................................... 50 5.3. Biodiversity .............................................................................................................................. 50 5.4. Coverage of functional types ................................................................................................... 53 5.5. Vegetation composition community ....................................................................................... 57 5.6. Habitat quality ......................................................................................................................... 59 6. Discussion ................................................................................................................................... 60 6.1. Soil parameters........................................................................................................................ 61 6.2. Biodiversity .............................................................................................................................. 63 6.3. Vegetation height .................................................................................................................... 64 6.4. Vegetation composition .......................................................................................................... 65 6.5. Habitat quality ......................................................................................................................... 67 7. Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 73 8. Recommendations ...................................................................................................................... 74 9. Future perspectives .................................................................................................................... 75 References ........................................................................................................................................... 76 Appendix A. Maps ................................................................................................................................ 85 Appendix B. Functional groups ............................................................................................................ 87 Appendix C. Ellenberg values. ............................................................................................................. 95 Appendix D. Description of Habitat Quality Assessment. .................................................................... 96 6 List of tables Table 1. Management history of the areas sampled in Randbøl hede. Hyphen (-) indicates absence of management in the correspondent year. No data was available on the period 1995-2012. Based on Larsen (summer 2015). 42 Table 2. Management history of the areas sampled in Trehøje hede. Hyphen (-) indicates absences of management in this year. Period from 1954-2012 based on Danmarks miljøportal. Period from 2013 based on Buttenschøn, R.M., Schmidt, I.K. (2015). 42 Table 3. The means ± standard errors of the soil variables for each control in the three locations (n=3). Means with different lowercase letters (a, b, c) represent a significant difference between treatments. Ho is referred to organic horizon and 0- 10 is referred to the mineral layer. 47 Table 4. The effects of treatment on the soil variables in Nørholm hede. Means and standard errors are shown. Means with different lowercase letters (a, b) represent a significant difference between treatments. OMD and LL are the acronyms chosen for the thickness of organic layer and litter layer, respectively. 48 Table 5. The effects of treatment on the soil variables in Randbøl hede. Means and standard errors are shown. Means with different lowercase letters (a, b, c) represent a significant difference between treatments and control. OMD and LL are the acronyms chosen for the thickness of organic layer and litter layer, respectively. 49 Table 6. Means and standard errors for species richness (S), Shannon-Wiener (H’), Pielou (J) and Simpson (D) within controls. Means with different lowercase letters (a, b, c, ab) represent a significant difference among locations. 51 Table 7. The effects of treatment on the biodiversity indices in Nørholm hede are shown in this table. Means and standard errors for species richness (S), Shannon- Wiener (H’), Pielou (J) and Simpson (D). Means with different lowercase letters (a, b) represent a significant difference within management practices. 51 Table 8. The effects of treatments on the biodiversity indices in Randbøl hede are shown in this table. Means and standard errors for species richness (S), Shannon- Wiener (H’), Pielou (J) and Simpson (D). Means with different lowercase letters (a, b, c) represent a significant difference within management practices. 52 Table 9. The effects of treatments on the biodiversity
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