Epipaleolithic and Neolithic
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
1/22/2018 Near Eastern animal domestication Picking the bones out: ancient goat genomics of the Fertile Crescent. Dan Bradley Trinity College Dublin Zeder et al 2008 Vigne, 2009 -Identified from: size change, male kill-off, increased % of total species, appearance outside wild range, changes in diet (stable isotopes) - Variability in package prior to 7500 BC - Early appearances in Cyprus Singularity in the Upper Euphrates or a Millennium of exploration? The petrous bone as aDNA time capsule. Animal Petrous Vs other bone yields % endogenous80 reads70 60 50 40 non-petrous 30 petrous 20 10 0 0 5000 10000 Age of sample, BP petrous median 35% endogenous Genetics – asserts alternately singular and dual domestications Other bones median 0.5% endogenous Whole mitochondrial genomes unveil the impact of domestication on goat matrilineal variability Licia Colli et al. 2016 BMC Genomics 83 Ancient goat whole mtDNA genomes, 51 genome-scale data. Epipaleolithic and Neolithic Kevin Daly 1 1/22/2018 Chalcolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age, and Medieval Outgroup f3 estimates of shared drift of D statistics: ancient and modern goat populations with: a. western Neolithic genomes, b. b. Levant Neolithic genomes c. c. eastern Neolithic genomes clade1 clade2 introgressor Out Neolithic selective sweeps: Fst distributions of 50kb genome windows between modern bezoar and a. Neolithic western and b. Neolithic eastern populations. ANGSD, genotype likelihood approach, 10 ancient genomes with >2X coverage Divergence, highest 0.1% Fst values Lowest 5% theta ratio: Neolithic/wild Eastern Neolithic: 13 genome regions Western Neolithic: 7 genome regions East & West KIT, KITLG - pigmentation West: SIRT1 - stature East EPGN – calving interval STAT1 - milk production CYP2C19 - enniatin B toxicity 2 1/22/2018 Allele sharing matrix illustrates distance between eastern and western Neolithic KIT haplotypes Dol Nga 0.0009 WC1Sel Ice Man2 0 Rus Nor2 Fin Bar8 Orc Est Sco Chu2 Lit −0.0009 Bel Mor Den Alt1 Eng1 Alt2Tub Eng2 Cze Ukr2 Ukr1 Tuv Hun1Hun2 Fre1 Ita1 Kal2 Mon Ady Nog Uyg Spa4 Fre2 Cro Bal2CheKum Xib Spa5Bas2Bas1 Ita2 Abk Nor1 Kyr Spa12 Bul Geo Lez Tur1 Spa1 Spa6 Alb Uzb Spa11 Gre2 Tur5 Tur7 Spa2 Sar Arm Spa7Spa8 Tur3Tur4 Spa3 Tur2 Spa9 Ita3 Gre1 Tur8 Spa10 Ita4 Tur6 Taj Alg2 Tun Bur Mal2 Ira1 Kal1 Tu Cyp Syr Leb HazPat Ira3 Jor Han1Han2 Moz DrPalu Pun Egy2 Bed1Bed2 Ira2 Egy1 Bal1Bra Tuj Spa13 Kus Yi Mia Sah Mak Sin Lod Kha Nax Guj Ben Tiw Lah Dai Kin Sau Mal1 Vis Yem Gam Tha Man1 Cam >8000 year old parallel selection processes east and west Ong Men Din Oro2 Yor Esa Som Bia Luh Acknowledgements Zooarchaeology Trinity College • Guy Bar-Oz • Marjan Mashkour • Kevin Daly • Hossein Davoudi • Liora Horwitz • Pierpaolo Maisano Delser • Özlem Çevik • Benjamin Arbuckle • Victoria Mullin • Roya Khazaeli • David Orton • Matthew Teasdale • Homa Fathi • Louise Martin • Valeria Mattiangeli • Sanaz Beizaeedoust • Norbert Benecke, • Andrew Hare • Ali Akbar Vahdati • Jean-Denis Vigne • Marta Verdugo • Eberhard W. Sauer • Canan Cakirlar • Hossein Azizi Kharanaghi • Ron Pinhasi • Sepideh Maziar University of Mainz • Ron Kehati • Gary Rollefson Joachim Burger • Cevdet Merih Erek Amelie Scheu • Roghayeh Rahimi Sorkhani • Azadeh Fatemeh Mohaseb University of York • Delphine Decruyenaere Matthew Collins University of Cambridge Andrea Manica Université Grenoble Alpes François Pompanon Tristan Cumer CodeX 295729 Ben Arbuckle Neolithic Bronze Age Bronze Age Paleolithic Chalcolithic Turmen. Medieval Georgia KIT Anatolia Levant Turkey Uzbekistan KITLG Selection on same haplotype Or early transfer of haplotype Seeded by Western group? Neolithic East Neolithic West Ancient Eastern Ancient and modern Later East Ancient East, modern Neolithic EastNeolithic West Ancient Eastern Later Ancient East Later ancient British Modern Iranian, Bezoar Bezoar Later Ancient East Modern East, African. Israel, chinese Modern Moroccan Modern European Moroccan, European, Israel Wild Random Neolithic Bronze Age Neolithic Iran & Chalcolithic Bronze Age Chal. & Bronze Balkans Britain Turkmenistan Iran Iran Levant 3.