DOCSLIB.ORG

Descriptions of the Canals in Massachusetts; with Emphasis on The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Descriptions of the Canals in Massachusetts; with Emphasis on The Descriptions of the Canals in Massachusetts; with emphasis on the MOMONTAGUENTAGUE CANCANALAL as published in THETHE AMERICANAMERICAN UNIVERSALUNIVERSAL GEOGGEOGRAPHYRAPHY 11912912 And Dickinson's View of MASMASSACHUSETTSSACHUSETT S PROPEPROPERR 19191313 compiled with annotations by Ed Gregory 12.12.201612.12.2016 Both publications are tenant in the Historical Library of Ed Gregory 11 2 THE AMERICAN UNIVERSAL GEOGRAPHY; _A VIEW OF THE PRESENT STATE 7 +. OF ALL “THE KINGDOMS, ero eS, AND COLONIES HE KNOWN WORLD. IN vWwo. VOLUMES. THE FIRST VOLUME scription of the reteag AmericanAa * ‘Coritlia ious Introd ‘to the eee oo roved urea THE SECOND VOLUME : ical Science—a brief Geography of the i, Sonttinnn y of the EasternCort Earth—a general Description a oie in King an Ancoant of North Aanetees onine and aia mine “Account of is rious Divisions, particularly of the Uni loms and riptio Stater—a general ‘Acetiint of the West- 2 Asia, faking cea general Dex ieee ; = the i = a {sands 2% Ariens ithe umeros feds ay ic are naturally div rn Geographers ler | Hraimte Aecoint of the several | Ilaids— names of ‘Austral san eral Description -A meriea, ote Heotipion 0a, i te ‘ticular. Account of its various of ate Stat Bates + and ProeietorrF ed. a brief De- Wade ‘ it -1o et / | TO WHICH ane ADDED ay. ABRIDGEMENT OF THE LAST CENSUS O¥ THE UNITED STATES A CHRONOLOG CAL TABLE OF REMARKABLE EVENTS FROM xa5 2 _ CREAT . THIS TIME—AN IMPROVED LIST OF. AN-: CIENT AND MODERN LEARNED AND EMINENT MEN i AND A COPIOUS INDEX TO THE WHOLE WORK: — “THE WHOLE COMPREHENDING A COMPLETE = SYSTEM OF MODERN laid oth, EOS ae ¥. o h _AGoOMPANIED BY A NEW AND ELEGANT. ¥ ick i bi aga fees Ala of: the Werth ——_eo = BY JEDIDIAH ‘sonde, D. D. F. A.A. St 8 : Minister of the Congregational Chrarch in Charlestown, ° - SIXTH EDITION. Arranged on a new plan, and improved in every part by a laborious pee vera of most of the late respectable Vo;pyaare and Travels, in Europe and Asia, use of the information in the Abri gement of Pinkerton’s excellent Gengtauhy, andand by the late admirable Statistical Tables of Hassel. VOLUME I. ___—X—KKK—KXXKK—K——X—X__—o—kRKeF[a[[_ BOSTON : PUBLISHED BY THOMAS & ANDREWS, AND SOLD, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL, AT THEIR BOOKSTORE, No, 45, NEWBURY-STREET—-MAY, 1812, % 7. BUCKINGHAM, PRINTER, WINTER-STRERT. 3 THE AMERICAN UNIVERSAL GEOGRAPHY; OR A VIEW OF THE PRESENT STATE OF ALL THE KINGDOMS, STATES, AND COLONIES IN THE KNOWN WOULD. IN TWO VOLUMES. THE FIRST VOLUME Contains a copious Introduction, adapted scription of the regaining American Isl- to the present improved statestate of Astronom- ands. ical ScienceScience—a—a brief Geography of the THE SECOND VOLUME EarthEarth—a— a general Description of AmericaAmerica—— Contains a Geography of the Eastern Con- an account of North America, and its va- tinent—atinent—a general Description of Europe, rious Divisions, particularly of the United and a minutminutee account of its various King- StatesStates—a—a general account of the West- doms and StatesStates—a—a general Description of IndiesIndies, , and of the four groupes of Islands Asia, its Kingdoms, Provinces, and Islands into which they are naturally divided, and Account of the numerous Islands arrang- a minute Account of the several IslandsIslands—— ed by modern Geographers under the a general Description, of South-America names of AustAustralral Asia and Polynesia-a and a particular Account of its various general DesDescriptioncription of Africa, and a a partic- States and ProvincesProvinces—and—and a a brief De- ular Account of its various States and Islands. TO WHICH ARE ADDED AN ABRIDGEMENT OF THE LAST CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATESSTATES—— A CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF REMARKABLE EVENTS FROM THE CREATION TO THISTHIS’ TIME----ANTIME----ANIMPROVED IMPROVED LIST OF AN- CIENT AND MODERN LEARNED AND EMINENT MENMEN-------- AND A COPIOUS INDEX TO THE WHOLE WORK. THE WHOLE COMPREHENDING A COMPLETE SYSTEM Of MODERN GEOGRAPHY. ACCOMPANIED BY A NEW AND ELEGANT General Atlas of the World, CONTAINING (IN A SEPARATE QUARTO VOLUME,) SIXTY THREE MAPS, Comprising, as far as they could be obtained, all thethe latest Discoveries tothe present time. BY JED1IDIAHJED1DIAH MORSE, D. D. F. A. A. S. H. $.§. Minister of the Congregational Church in CharlestownCharlestown. SlXTHSIXTH EDITION Arranged on a new plan, and improved in every part bbyy a laborious examination of most of the late respectable Voyages and Travels, in Europe and Asia, by a free use of the information iu the Abridgement of Pinkerton's exexcellentcellent Geography, and by the late adadmirablemirable Statistical Tables of Hassel. VOLUME I. BOSTON: PUBUPUBULISHEDLISHED BY THOMAS & ANDREWS, AND SOLD, WHOLESALE AND RRTAIL AT THEIR BOOKSTORE, NO, 45, NEWBURY-STREETNEWBURY-STREET—-— - MAY, 1812.1812. J. T. BUCKINGHAM, PRINTER, WINTER-STREET 4 323 CanalsCanals.’. 1 At MMiller'siller's falls,falls , in MMontague,ontague, ththee ConConnecticutnecticut descendsdescend s in a shorshort t courcoursese 6666 feefeet.t. The pprincipalrincipal fallfall is atat ththee hheadead of thethe cacanal.nal . HeHerere a ddamam hhasas beenbeen built,built, 11000000 feetfeet long,long , andand 28 feefeett highhigh ffromrom thethe top to ththee susurfacerface of ththee waterwater below.below. This rraisesaises ththee ssurfaceurface ooff ththee riverriver above,above, so highhigh as to directdirect a ppartart ooff it intointo ththee cancanal,al, which is oonn thethe east sside.ide . The canalcana l iiss cut acracrossos s a ppieceiece of land,land, anandd iiss alalmostmos t ththreeree mmilesiles llong,ong , 20 feetfeet wide,wide, andand 2½2% ddeep.eep . ThereThere aarere 1414 locks,’locks, 2 each 73 feetfeet long,long , 12120°0 3 wide,wide, anandd ddrawingrawing threethree ffeeteet water.water . TheyThey are formed byby stonstonee walls,walls, 8 feefeett ththick,ick, linleded withwith pplank.lank . The guardguard lock, at thethe headhead of ththee canal,canal, andand clcloseose to thisthis dam,dam , is susupportedpported on thethe riverriver siside,de, byby a wallwall of stonstone,e, 4400 feetfeet high,high , andand 28 feetfeet ththick;ick ; aand,nd, on lalandnd siside,de, byby a rrockyocky shorshore.e. The canalcana l entersenter s ththee riverriver againagain a few rodsrod s belowbelow tthehe mouthmouth of DDeerfieldeerfield river.river . Four miles above this dam and 250 rods below the mouth of Miller's river, is the upper dam. It reaches also across the Connecticut, is1s 330830 feet long and 8 feet high; and is built like the other, of solid timber. This raises the water in the river sufficiently to overcome the rapids at the mouth of Miller's river. Boats avoid this dam by a short canal on the east side, consisting of a single, lock, 100100 feet long and 20 wide. There are two canals at South-Hadley. The descent at the upper falls is 55 feet. At the head of the falls, a dam of solid timbertmber is built obliquely up the river, for 100100 rods, whence it strikes across the river, 60 rods. The oblique dam is 1414 feet high, but the heheightigh t of the direct dam is less. At the bottom of the dam is the guard lock, for half that distance. The canal is 2 miles long and has a narrow strip of pasture between it and the river's bank. The first mile is dug through low land; the remainder through solid rocks, to the depth of 20 and 25 feet. The width of the canal, in the narrowest place, is1s 23 feet, and generally much wider; ititss depth is 2½2% feet.* A mile below the mouth of this canal are the Willimanset falls, the whole descent of which is 1616 feet. A canal of one mile in length, leads round them, which has two locks. By these various canalscanals,t;† an immensely important inland navigation is opened the whole breadth of the state, through the rich and productive county of Hampshire. Middlesex canal connects the Merrimac with Boston harbor. The whole distance is1s 30 miles; viz. 6 miles from the MerrimMerrimacac *This“This canal has undergone some changes, with the particulars of which, the author has not been made acquainted. †+ The stock of the two companies concerned in these canals, is divided into 10081008 shares, one half of which belongs to gentlemen in Holland. The amount expended about 200,000 dollars. 1' See page 1111 (this(this paper) ⁋ 2 for more accurate canal specifications. 2* Ten (10)(10) locks. *3 Printer's error. The width is 1212 feet wide. 5 324 to Concord river, and 25 thence to Boston harbor. Concord river is a sluggish stream, and has a fall in it, in the town of Billerica, 4 miles from its mouth. The canal commences in the Merrimac a a little above Patucket falls; and, in a southeast course of 3¾3° miles, ascends, by 338 locks, 21 feet, to the level of Concord river above its fall. It crosses Concord river on its surface; and, in a southeast course of 25 miles, descends 107107 feet, by 1313 locks, to the tide water of Boston harbor. The locks are all 90 feet by 1212 of solid masonry, and excellent workmanship. The width of the canal is 24 feet, and draws 4 feet water. Both parts of the canal are fed by Concord river. From that river, southward, it prepreservesserves the same level for the first 1111 miles. In this distance it was necessary to dig, in some places, to the depth of 20 feet; to cut through two difficult ledges of rocks; and to throw several aqueducts across the intervening rivers. One of these, across the Shawshine, is 280 feet long, and 22 feet above the river. There is another across Mystic river, at Medford. At the end of the 1¾14 milesmules from Concord river, is a lock with 7 feet descent, and a mile and a half farther another of the same height.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Nayigation of the Connecticut River
    1903.] The Navigation of the Connecticut River. 385 THE NAYIGATION OF THE CONNECTICUT RIVER. BY W. DELOSS LOVE. THE discovery of the Connecticut river has been generally attributed hy histoi'ians to Adriaen Block. If Giovanni da Verrazano in 1524 or Estovan Gomez in 1525 sailed by its mouth, we have no record of the fact ; and it is very doubtful whether a river, whose semicircle of sand bars must have proclaimed it such, would have attracted much attention from any navigator seeking a northwest passage. In 1614, Block, having completed his yacht the Onrust [Restless], set sail from Manhattan to explore the bays and rivers to the. eastward. His vessel was well adapted to his purpose, being of sixteen tons burden, forty-four and a half feet long and eleven and a half feefc wide. He was able thus to obtain a more exact knowledge of the coast, as may be seen by the "Figurative Map," which is sup- posed to exhibit the results of his explorations.^ At the mouth of the Connecticut river he found the water quite shallow, but the draught of his yacht enabled him to cross the bar Avithout danger and the white man was soon for the first time folloAving northward the course of New Eng- land's longest river. There were few inhabitants to be seen near the mouth, but at a point which is thought to have been just above the bend near Middletown, he came upon the lodges of. the Sequins, located on both banks of thé river. Still farther up he saw an Indian village "resembling a fort for protection against the attacks of their enemies." This was in latitude 41° 48', and was, > De Laet's " Description of the New Netherlands," x: Y:,met.
    [Show full text]
  • Town of South Hadley Annual Town Report July 1, 2008
    TOWN OF SOUTH HADLEY ANNUAL TOWN REPORT JULY 1, 2008 – JUNE 30, 2009 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Ambulance Service ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 12 Animal Control Department ................................................................................................................................................................................ 13 Appointed Officials for Fiscal Year 2009 ............................................................................................................................................................. 8 Assessors ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 13 Board of Appeals ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 14 Board of Health .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 14 Building Commissioner ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Town Report
    ANNUANNUALAL TOWNTOWN REPORTREPORT JJULYULY 1,1, 20182017 –– JUNEJUNE 30,30, 20192018 TOWN OF SOUTH HADLEY ANNUAL TOWN REPORT JULY 1, 2018 – JUNE 30, 2019 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Annual Town Meeting Warrant 50 Appointed Officials for Fiscal Year 2019 6 Assessors 11 Bike/Walk Committee 12 Boards & Committees 8-9 Cable Studio 12 Canal Park Committee 13 Conservation Commission 14 Council on Aging 14 Directory and Calendar – Board Meetings, Officials, Services 4 Elected Officials – April 9, 2019 5 Emergency Management 18 Employee Gross Wages – Calendar Year 2019 31-39 Facts of Interest about South Hadley 3 Golf Commission 19 GROSouth Hadley (Community Garden) 19 Health Department 19 Human Resources 21 Inspection Services 21 Libraries 22 Master Plan Implementation Committee 23 Memoriam 9 National, State and County Officials 3 Planning Board 23 Police Department 24 Public Health Nurse 20 Public Works 15-18 Recreation Commission 25 Redevelopment Authority 25 Retirements 9 School Committee 28 School Superintendent 26 Selectboard 10 Special Town Meeting Warrant – May 8, 2019 79 Special Town Meeting Warrant – Nov. 20, 2019 82 Sustainability & Energy Commission 29 Town Accountant (Change in Fund Balance/Combined Balance Sheet) 40-44 Town Clerk 28 Town Election – April 9, 2019 45-49 Town Meeting Members – April 9, 2019 7 Treasurer / Collector 30 Zoning Board of Appeals 29 2 Population Facts of Interest about South Hadley Federal Census 2010-17,514 Federal Census 2000-17,196 South Hadley area was first part of Old Hadley. 2017 Local Census – 17,682 1675-1719 Individual grants of land were made by Hadley for Form of Government settlement south of the Mt.
    [Show full text]
  • 2016 Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
    The Town of South Hadley, Massachusetts 2016 Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Mission To reduce or eliminate the loss of life, property and government disruption to all natural hazards. Draft March 9, 2016 2 2016 Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Prepared by: South Hadley Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee The Pioneer Valley Planning Commission 60 Congress Street First Floor Springfield MA 01104 (413) 781-6045 www.pvpc.org Jamie Caplan Consulting LLC 351 Pleasant Street, Suite B #208 Northampton, MA 01060 (413) 586-0867 www.jamiecaplan.com This project was funded by a grant received from the Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency (MEMA) and the Massachusetts Department of Conservation Services (formerly the Department of Environmental Management) 2016 Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Draft March 9, 2016 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS SOUTH HADLEY HAZARD MITIGATION COMMITTEE Mark Aiken, Water Superintendent, District 2 Scott Brady, Fire Captain, District 2 Todd Calkins, Assistant Chief, Fire District 2 Jeff Cyr, Water Superintendent, District 1 Erica Faginski, Director of Curriculum & Grants, School Department Richard Harris, Town Planner Sharon Hart, Emergency Management Director Jason Houle, Lieutenant, Fire District 1 David Keefe, Fire Chief, Fire District 2 David LaBrie, Police Chief Bruce Mailhott, Facilities Director, School Department Andy Orr, Engineer, South Hadley Electric Light Department Alec Plotnikiewicz, Intern, Fire District 1 Jim Reidy, Supervisor, Department of Public Works Janice Stone, Conservation Commission The South Hadley Selectboard
    [Show full text]
  • Pre Application Document Adequacy Review Checklist
    Pre-Application Document (PAD) Turners Falls Hydro Project Project No: 2622 Applicant: Turners Falls Hydro LLC Date: February 28, 2016 PRE-APPLICATION DOCUMENT Applicants must file a Pre-Application Document (PAD) (18 C.F.R. § 5.6) that provides existing information relevant to the project that is in the applicant's possession or that the applicant can obtain with the exercise of due diligence. This existing, relevant, and reasonably available information is distributed in the form of the PAD to the Commission and interested stakeholders to enable these entities to identify issues and related information needs, develop study requests and study plans, and prepare documents analyzing any license application that may be filed with the Commission. In summary, the PAD must contain the following information: A description of the project's facilities and operation; A description of the existing environment and any known and potential project effects on specific resources including: geology and soils; water resources; fish and aquatic resources; wildlife and botanical resources; wetlands, riparian, and littoral habitats; rare, threatened, and endangered species; recreation and land use; aesthetic resources; cultural resources; socioeconomic resources; tribal resources; and a description of the river basin; A list of preliminary issues and studies that may be needed at the project; An appendix summarizing contacts with stakeholders sufficient to enable the Commission to determine if due diligence has been exercised in obtaining relevant information; A process plan and schedule for consulting stakeholders, gathering information, developing and conducting studies, obtaining permits and completing all pre-filing licensing activities; and If applicable, a statement of whether or not the applicant will seek benefits under section 210 of the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (PURPA).
    [Show full text]
  • Ocm03633500.Pdf (5.630Mb)
    t7. 7 GEOGRAPHICAL and STATISTICAL VIEW or MASSACHUSETTS PROPER. »Y RODOLPHUS DICKINSON, Eso. GREENFIELD, PR.IHTED BY DENIO AND PHELPS. 1813. : GREENriELD, MasS. MAUCH, 1813. THE following view comprises the principal part of a work, for the pubK- cation of which a subscription was attempted, that proved unsuccessful.* For the more convenient insertion of the tables, it is offered to the public in the present it interesting, and found to something form ; with a hope that may be add to the means of geographical and statistical information. Several states have been minutely and philosophically described ; but were some gentleman to furnish even as limited a sketch as this, of every other section of the union, it would not per- haps be deemed vain to presume, that with such aids, and the materials already in possession, a native or foreign geographer would be enabled to prepare a more extensive and satisfactory description of our country, thap any that has hith- erto been published. The author aspires at least to the merit of impartiality. The citizens of Massachusetts will here find no ungenerous discriminations to ex- effort cite their regret ; and to them, this humble is respectfully inscribed. R. D. * The writer sincerely thanks his friends and fellow citizens, Who encourag- ed his proposals, and informs them that they are discharged from all responsibili- ty as subscribers. Their patronage of this work, however, will be gratefully accepted. DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS, to wit : DISTRICT clerk's OFFICE. Be it remembered, That on the twentieth day of October, A. D. 1812, year of the the States t.
    [Show full text]
  • 7:00 PM AGENDA Note: Not All the Topics Listed in This
    SELECTBOARD MEETING TUESDAY JUNE 7, 2016 SELECTBOARD MEETING ROOM – 7:00 P.M. AGENDA Note: Not all the topics listed in this notice may actually be reached for discussion. In addition, the topics listed are those which the chair reasonably expects will be discussed as of the date of this notice. 1. CALL TO ORDER/ROLL CALL 2. APPROVAL OF MINUTES Minutes of May 17, 2016 Regular Selectboard Meeting 3. ANNOUNCEMENTS/OPEN FORUM Recognition of Girl Scout Silver Award Recipient – Kylie Biron Recognition of Boy Scout Eagle Scout Award Recipient – Joshua Virgil McKeever Introduction of Council on Aging Director Leslie Hennessey 4. CONSENT AGENDA A. ONE DAY BEER AND WINE LICENSE REQUEST: Marilyn Ishler for Lion’s Club 70th Anniversary – June 18, 2016 – Buttery Brook Park 5. NEW BUSINESS A. Annual Appointments B. Applicants: Jeremy Ramondetta – Application for Appointment to Municipal Golf Commission (There are two openings for alternates with term expirations of 2018 and 2019.) Richard Matteson – Application for Appointment to Council on Aging (As of 7/1/16, there will be two openings for full members with terms expiring 6/30/2019.) Chris Collins – Application for Appointment to Municipal Golf Commission (See above.) Dave Baldwin – Application for Appointment to Agricultural Commission (seat with term expiring 6/30/2017) Denise Presley – Application for Appointment to Cable TV Advisory Committee (One-year appointment, so term expires 6/30/2017) A.J. Provost – Application for Appointment to Recreation Commission (One vacancy as of 7/1/16 with term expiring 6/30/2019) David Mendoza – Application for Appointment to Recreation Commission (See above.) C.
    [Show full text]
  • Thinking Like a Floodplain: Water, Work, and Time in the Connecticut River Valley, 1790-1870 by (C) 2016 Jared S
    Thinking Like a Floodplain: Water, Work, and Time in the Connecticut River Valley, 1790-1870 By (c) 2016 Jared S. Taber Submitted to the graduate degree program in History and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ________________________________ Chairperson Sara M. Gregg ________________________________ Gregory T. Cushman ________________________________ Edmund P. Russell ________________________________ Robert J. Gamble ________________________________ Peggy A. Schultz ________________________________ Dorothy M. Daley Date Defended: 28 April 2016 The Dissertation Committee for Jared S. Taber certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Thinking Like a Floodplain: Water, Work, and Time in the Nineteenth Century Connecticut River Valley ________________________________ Chairperson Sara M. Gregg Date approved: 28 April 2016 ii Abstract Residents of the nineteenth-century Connecticut River Valley learned the character of the river, and water more broadly, through their labor. Whether they encountered water in the process of farming, shipping, industrial production, or land reclamation, it challenged them to understand its power as both an object outside their control and a tool that facilitated their work. This awareness of water's autonomy and agency necessitated attention to how water's flow varied across timescales ranging from seasons, through historical precedents in working with water, and into the geological processes whereby the river shaped the contours of the Connecticut River floodplain and the valley as a whole. Communities mobilized this knowledge when explaining the limitations that ought to circumscribe novel water uses and trying to maintain the river's status as a common tool shared among diverse bodies of users.
    [Show full text]
  • Holyoke Gas & Electric Department Hydroelectric System Lihi Application
    HOLYOKE GAS & ELECTRIC DEPARTMENT HYDROELECTRIC SYSTEM LIHI APPLICATION VOLUME 1 Prepared for: LOW IMPACT HYDROPOWER INSTITUTE Portland, Maine Prepared by: CITY OF HOLYOKE GAS & ELECTRIC DEPARTMENT Holyoke, Massachusetts APRIL 2010 HOLYOKE GAS & ELECTRIC HYDROELECTRIC SYSTEM LIHI APPLICATION TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Title Page No. VOLUME 1 1 LOW IMPACT HYDRO QUESTIONNAIRE ............................................................ 1-1 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTIONS AND MAPS ................................................................. 2-1 2.1 Hadley Falls Station .................................................................................................. 2-2 2.1.1 Hadley Falls Dam ......................................................................................... 2-2 2.1.2 Hadley Falls Station Units ............................................................................ 2-2 2.1.3 Impoundment ................................................................................................ 2-3 2.1.4 Bypass Reach ................................................................................................ 2-3 2.2 Holyoke Canal System Stations ................................................................................ 2-3 2.2.1 Boatlock Station (FERC No. 2004) .............................................................. 2-5 2.2.2 Beebe-Holbrook Station (FERC No. 2004) .................................................. 2-5 2.2.3 Skinner Station (FERC No. 2004) ...............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 31 Section 4
    SECTION 4 - ENVIRONMENTAL INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS 4.1 GEOLOGY & SOILS The geological history of South Hadley is both dramatic and significant. Continental drift, the formation of the Appalachian Mountain chain, volcanoes and glacial scouring, have all played a role in the physical development of the Connecticut River Valley. These factors have influenced the topography and soils which, in turn, have determined surface and ground-water characteristics, forest cover and finally land use. During the Triassic Period (220 to 180 million years ago), two faults formed on either side of what is now the Connecticut Valley. The forces of continental drift pulled these faults apart causing the land between to drop and form the Triassic basin (the Connecticut Valley). The subsequent geological activity formed the topography, rocks and soils of the Valley have given present day South Hadley its landscape characteristics . Figure 2 shows a cross section of the sedimentary and igneous rocks in the Range and Valley and is to be used as a reference for the following discussion. Sugarloaf Arkose Sugarloaf arkose was the first deposit in the Triassic basin. It arrived from streams in the east which first deposited larger rocks in the eastern portion of the Valley and then dropped smaller rocks gradually westward as the streams slowed. It is a buff to pale red arkose (a sandstone with a high percentage of feldspar fragments) that gets its color from both iron found throughout the cement of this sediment and the pinkish to orange grains of orthoclase feldspar. Hitchcock Volcanics The Triassic era was unusually active with volcanism.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Assessment for Hydropower Licenses
    ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR HYDROPOWER LICENSES Holyoke Number 1 Hydro Project, FERC Project No. 2386-004 Holyoke Number 2 Hydro Project, FERC Project No. 2387-003 Holyoke Number 3 Hydro Project, FERC Project No. 2388-004 Massachusetts Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Office of Energy Projects Division of Hydropower Licensing 888 First Street, NE Washington, D.C. 20426 November 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. xii ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................... xiii 1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Applications ................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Purpose of Action and Need For Power ........................................................ 5 1.2.1 Purpose of Action ............................................................................ 5 1.2.2 Need for Power ................................................................................ 5 1.3 Statutory and Regulatory Requirements ....................................................... 6 1.3.1 Federal Power Act ........................................................................... 6 1.3.2 Clean Water Act .............................................................................. 7 1.3.3 Endangered Species Act .................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • History of Montague
    HISTORY OF MONTAGUE Q ^^ (*, at Ex] W Q t t a h a v a j GILL E R V I N G G VI ,, HISTORY of MONTAGUE A TYPICAL PURITAN TOWN [Illustrated] By Edward Pearson Pressey INTRODUCTORY By Robert P. Clapp. i Including SHORT HAND NOTES of CONVERSATIONS with the OLDEST INHABITANTS, AD. 1895 By Mr. Clapp <s a HISTORY of the GUNN FAMILY By Mrs. Lyman 0. Gunn Published by THE NEW CLAIRVAUX PRESS Montague, Mass., 1910 Copyright, 1910, by EDWARD P. PRESSEY • fa P? % Contents BOOK I. Invocation Inspired by other New England historians, and by the charms and legends of "Hunting Hills," Mr. P. undertakes the History of Montague. BOOK II. Introductory A discourse treating Montague history in a general way to beguile a summer's afternoon; Montague field day of the P. V. M. A. F September 10, 1895. BOOK III. The First Inhabitants Reveals some knowledge of the creatures that left footprints in the red sandstone. BOOK IV. Indians Since the Indian always behaved himself in Montague, we let you know how on the whole, he laughed, prayed, sung, wrought, and spun yarns of magic. BOOK V. Pioneers History of the lumber camp that supplied Sunderland with boards for its first houses in 1714 and of the first settlers of the land. BOOK VI. Winning Democracy Just how the Congregational church hatched modern democracy when the Baptists and Unitarians cracked its shell. BOOK VII. Causes and Conduct of the Revolution How Montague helped save the democracy she had won and avoided paying tribute money to George III.'s favorites.
    [Show full text]