Mega-Sporting Events in Developing Nations: Playing The
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The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project
The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR RICHARD M. MILES Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: February 2, 2007 Copyright 2015 ADST FOREIGN SERVICE POSTS Oslo, Norway. Vice-Consul 1967-1969 Washington. Serbo-Croatian language training. 1969-1970 Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Consul 1970-1971 Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Second Secretary, Political Section 1971-1973 Washington. Soviet Desk 1973-1975 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. US Army Russian Institute 1975-1976 Advanced Russian language training Moscow. Second Secretary. Political Section 1976-1979 Washington. Yugoslav Desk Officer 1979-1981 Washington. Politico-Military Bureau. Deputy Director, PM/RSA 1981-1982 Washington. Politico-Military Bureau. Acting Director, PM/RSA 1982-1983 Washington. American Political Science Association Fellowship 1983-1984 Worked for Senator Hollings. D-SC Belgrade. Political Counselor 1984-1987 Harvard University. Fellow at Center for International Affairs 1987-1988 Leningrad. USSR. Consul General 1988-1991 Berlin, Germany. Leader of the Embassy Office 1991-1992 Baku. Azerbaijan. Ambassador 1992-1993 1 Moscow. Deputy Chief of Mission 1993-1996 Belgrade. Chief of Mission 1996-1999 Sofia, Bulgaria. Ambassador 1999-2002 Tbilisi, Georgia. Ambassador 2002-2005 Retired 2005 INTERVIEW Q: Today is February 21, 2007. This is an interview with Richard Miles, M-I-L-E-S. Do you have a middle initial? MILES: It’s “M” for Monroe, but I seldom use it. And I usually go by Dick. Q: You go by Dick. Okay. And this is being done on behalf of the Association of Diplomatic Studies and Training and I am Charles Stuart Kennedy. Well Dick, let’s start at the beginning. -
The Impact of the Olympic Games on Employment Growth: A
The Impact of the Olympic Games on Employment Growth: A Synthetic Control Approach Candon Johnson* West Virginia University June 22, 2020 Abstract The Olympics Games stand as the largest sporting event in the world. The Games include approximately 200 countries during the Summer Olympic Games and 90 countries competing in the Winter Games, each occurring once every four years. Potential host cities fiercely compete to host the games under the guise of economic prosperity. Event promoters claim substantial economic benefits, such as employment growth, to be had from hosting these costly games. This paper examines the impacts of the Olympic Games on employment growth rates using a synthetic control approach. Results show transitory increases in employment growth rates following a county being awarded the Olympic Games in Fulton County, GA and Salt Lake County, UT. Results also indicate a decrease in employment growth rate in Los Angeles County, CA due to being awarded the 1984 Summer Olympic Games. Transitory increases in employment growth rates coupled with transitory decreases in the employment growth rate in Los Angeles County suggests that potential hosts should proceed with caution when considering hosting the Olympic Games. *West Virginia University, College of Business & Economics, 1601 University Ave., PO Box 6025, Morgantown, WV 26506-6025, USA; Email: [email protected] 1 1 Introduction Potential hosts fiercely compete to host the Olympic Games, the largest sporting event in the world, in part because of expected economic growth generated by hosting the mega-event. Hosting the Olympic Games costs billions of dollars, a portion of which taxpayers subsidize. -
Going for the Gold: the Economics of the Olympics
Going for the Gold: The Economics of the Olympics By Robert Baade and Victor Matheson February 2016 COLLEGE OF THE HOLY CROSS, DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS FACULTY RESEARCH SERIES, PAPER NO. 16-05* Department of Economics and Accounting College of the Holy Cross Box 45A Worcester, Massachusetts 01610 (508) 793-3362 (phone) (508) 793-3708 (fax) http://www.holycross.edu/departments/economics/website *All papers in the Holy Cross Working Paper Series should be considered draft versions subject to future revision. Comments and suggestions are welcome. Going for the Gold: The Economics of the Olympics By Robert Baade† College of the Holy Cross and Victor Matheson†† College of the Holy Cross February 2016 Abstract In this paper, we explore the costs and benefits of hosting the Olympic Games. On the cost side, there are three major categories: general infrastructure such as transportation and housing to accommodate athletes and fans; specific sports infrastructure required for competition venues; and operational costs, including general administration as well as the opening and closing ceremony and security. Three major categories of benefits also exist: the short-run benefits of tourist spending during the Games; the long-run benefits or the "Olympic legacy" which might include improvements in infrastructure and increased trade, foreign investment, or tourism after the Games; and intangible benefits such as the "feel-good effect" or civic pride. Each of these costs and benefits will be addressed in turn, but the overwhelming conclusion is that in most cases the Olympics are a money-losing proposition for host cities; they result in positive net benefits only under very specific and unusual circumstances. -
ALBERTVILLE 1992 the Facts --Part 2
SOCIETY ()LYN' l'IC COLLECTORS ALBERTVILLE 1992 the facts --Part 2-- (kr ALBQERTVILLE 92 99 ABSTRACT - ORGANIZING COMMITTEE FOR THE XVIth OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES IN ALBERTVILLE AND SAVOIE - ACTIONS CARRIED OUT BY THE COJO Olympic Games Symbols P. 2 Media P. 3 Telecommunications 1'. 4 Data Processing P. 6 The Olympic Coins Program 1'. 6 The Stamp Collection Program I'. 7 The "Youth of the World - France 1992" Program P. S The Volonteer Program P. 10 The Medical Program P. 10 Weather forecast and the Games P. 11 The Games and the Environment P. 12 - OTHER ACTIONS RELATED TO THE GAMES - Improvement of national road and railway networks P. 14 - Inter-Ministerial Delegation for the 1992 Winter Olympics P. 17 - The Olympic Games Economic Council P. 18 - The "Savoie 92" Association P. 20 ALBERTVI LLE 92 Q95) OLYMPIC GAMES SYMBOLS I - THE LOGO The Albertville and Savoie candidacy logo to organize the 1992 Games was designed by Bruno Quentin and kept after because it was well established in Savoie. It recalls sliding sports and France with its colours as well as the olympic spirit with the flame inspired by the Savoie cross and the olympic rings. So as to integrate the olympic emblem (text, rings), a deep graphic study was made. The official logo of the 1992 Winter Olympics Games consists of three inseparable elements : - a symbol, "the flame", - a typography "Albertville 92", - the olympic rings which according to the IOC olympic charter, "represent the union of the five continents and the meeting of athletes of the whole world on the occasion of the Olympic Games in a spirit of loyal competition and friendship, ideal praised by the Baron de Coubertin". -
Did You Know ...? Divers, Called Haenyeo, That Dive for Seafood Without Any Breathing Apparatus
SECTION 2: PEOPLE AND PLACES Jeju Mountains Jeju Island, located about 90 miles south of mainland South Korea is a very mountainous country. The northeast South Korea, is the most popular holiday destination and the southwest of the country are dominated by huge in the country. Jeju’s climate is far more moderate that mountain ranges. The northwest and the southeast mainland Korea’s. The island’s temperatures are fairly have much more flat space, but are still peppered with consistently around 30C in the summer months. In the large hills and mountains. Even Seoul and Busan, the winter, when temperatures in Seoul often drop below -5 two biggest cities, have mountains spread throughout or even -10C, Jeju rarely falls below 0C. them with neighbourhoods wrapped around them. Mount Halla, a volcano in Jeju, is the tallest mountain in the country. Jeju Island On the mainland the Taebaek mountain range spans the whole of the east coast, starting in the north of North Korea and running all the way to the southeast of South Korea. These are some of the country’s most impressive mountains including Mount Seorak, famous for the six jagged rocky peaks that form Ulsanbawi. According to legend, Ulsanbawi was a mountain that lived in the southern city of Ulsan. One day all the mountains were called to a meeting in what is now North Korea and, on the way there, Ulsanbawi stopped Jeju is dominated by Mount Halla, a volcano 1,950 to rest. When he finally arrived at the meeting he was metres high and the highest mountain in South Korea. -
2006 Rbc Financial Group's Support of the Olympic Games and Amateur Sport in Canada
Backgrounder - 2006 RBC FINANCIAL GROUP’S SUPPORT OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES AND AMATEUR SPORT IN CANADA RBC has been involved with the Canadian Olympic Movement since 1947 and is the longest- standing corporate supporter of Canada's Olympic Team. Our sponsorship includes support for the Canadian Olympic and Paralympic Teams from 2005 until 2012. RBC supports amateur sport in communities across Canada, from recreational to competitive activities, and from grassroots to elite-level athletes. We sponsor the following sport associations in Canada: o Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games o Canadian Olympic Committee o Canadian Paralympic Committee o Hockey Canada o Canadian Freestyle Ski Association o Canadian Snowboard Federation o Athletics Canada o Special Olympics Canada RBC works closely with the sport associations to develop programs to educate youth and others on the merits of sport in Canada, while also providing them with an opportunity to participate, encouraging healthy active lifestyles. These include: The RBC Olympians Program In 2002, RBC introduced a program to recruit and hire both current and retired Olympic and Paralympic athletes to work for RBC as community ambassadors to bring the Olympic messages of excellence, teamwork, leadership, and commitment to our communities. Athletes are hired from across Canada, and during the course of their employment, gather skills and experiences that will help them find a career for life after sport. The program also provides the athletes much needed funding, allowing them to focus on training and competition. RBC and the Canadian Olympic School Program The Canadian Olympic School Program, presented by RBC, is a school-based program designed to promote the Olympic Values including excellence, leadership, respect, and fun, and the importance of health and physical activity. -
Olympic Winter Games Mascots from Innsbruck 1976 to Pyeongchang 2018 Reference Document
Olympic Winter Games Mascots from Innsbruck 1976 to PyeongChang 2018 Reference document 09.02.2017 Olympic Winter Games Mascots from Innsbruck 1976 to PyeongChang 2018 CONTENT Introduction 3 Innsbruck 1976 4 Lake Placid 1980 6 Sarajevo 1984 8 Calgary 1988 10 Albertville 1992 12 Lillehammer 1994 14 Nagano 1998 16 Salt Lake City 2002 18 Turin 2006 20 Vancouver 2010 22 Sochi 2014 24 PyeongChang 2018 26 Credits 28 The Olympic Studies Centre www.olympic.org/studies [email protected] 2 Olympic Winter Games Mascots from Innsbruck 1976 to PyeongChang 2018 INTRODUCTION The word mascot is derived from the Provencal and appeared in French dictionaries at the end of the 19th century. “It caught on following the triumphant performance of Mrs Grizier- Montbazon in an operetta called La Mascotte, set to music by Edmond Audran in 1880. The singer’s success prompted jewellers to produce a bracelet charm representing the artist in the costume pertaining to her role. The jewel was an immediate success. The mascot, which, in its Provencal form, was thought to bring good or bad luck, thus joined the category of lucky charms”1. The first Olympic mascot – which was not official – was named “Schuss” and was created for the Olympic Winter Games Grenoble 1968. A little man on skis, half-way between an object and a person, it was the first manifestation of a long line of mascots which would not stop. It was not until the Olympic Summer Games Munich 1972 that the first official Olympic mascot was created. Since then, mascots have become the most popular and memorable ambassadors of the Olympic Games. -
The Nordic Games and the Olympic Platform As Arena for the Dissolution of the Swedish-Norwegian Union
The Nordic Games and the Olympic platform as arena for the dissolution of the Swedish-Norwegian Union Sebastian Kühn Innland Norway University of Applied Sciences and Norwegian Olympic Museum [email protected] Abstract Throughout their existence since 1896, the modern Olympic Games have seen quite a number of political conflicts and boycotts. They have been an arena for diplomatic controversies between sovereign countries and even internally within state structures. Still today, the political map in some cases does not correspond with the Olympic world map. In this regard, also the historical case of Norway and Sweden is an interesting one. Formally, both countries had been in a personal union under the Swedish crown since 1815. Nonetheless, Norway participated in the Olympic Games in Paris 1900 in its own right, due to the huge degree of Norwegian self-governance within the union and the subsequent development of its own sports system. This article examines the role of sport for the Norwegian nation building process and the impact of the dissolution of the Swedish-Norwegian Union onto the Nordic Games and Norway’s early involvement in the Olympic Movement. Being the most important predecessor for the Olympic Winter Games, the Nordic Games are of particular interest also for Olympic history. Keywords Norway, Nordic Games, Olympic Games, Nationalism, Boycott, Fridtjof Nansen Kühn, S. (2019). The Nordic Games and the Olympic platform as arena for the dissolution of the Swedish- Norwegian Union. Diagoras: International Academic Journal on Olympic Studies, 3, 94–112. Retrieved from http:// diagorasjournal.com/index.php/diagoras/article/view/66 94 Introduction At the end of the 19th century, in a climate of social changes and political turmoil in the union with Sweden, new political structures and especially an emerging liberal movement, resulted in a growing sentiment of Norwegian nationality. -
On the Financial Advantage of Hosting the Olympics
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 3 No. 1; January 2013 On the Financial Advantage of Hosting the Olympics Ben Levy Boston College Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 United States of America Paul D. Berger Bentley University Waltham, MA 02452 United States of America Abstract Mega Sporting Events generally are classified as the Olympics, World Cup, and UEFA (Union of European Football Associations) Championship in Europe. Since the significant positive economic impact of $2.3 billion realized by Los Angeles after the 1984 Summer Olympic Games, the number of bids by cities for these mega sporting events has increased significantly. Also, this success inspired economic evaluations of the Olympic Games to be conducted to better estimate the financial benefit to the host city. Utilizing improved methodologies, as well as superior data, models have found that, in reality, it is more difficult than anticipated to realize an economic benefit from hosting the Olympic Games. We conduct statistical analyses on the financial data for several of the Olympic cities since 1990. We also discuss data available from the British government which estimates the economic outcome of the 2012 Summer Olympic Games in London. Introduction The modern Olympic Games began in 1896 in Athens, Greece, a reincarnation of an ancient Greek tradition that ran from 776 BC to 393 AD. In 1896 there were just 254 competitors from 14 countries. The London 2012 Summer Olympics are projected to have 204 nations and 26 sports. In 1984, Los Angeles held the summer Olympics and realized a significant economic gain of $2.3 billion (unless otherwise noted, all dollar figures are U.S. -
History of the Arts in the Olympic Games
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the q u alityo f the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission ofof the the copyrightcopyright owner.owner. FurtherFurther reproduction reproduction prohibited prohibited without without permission. -
GAO-02-140 Olympic Games Contents
United States General Accounting Office Report to the Ranking Minority Member GAO Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch Committee on Appropriations U.S. Senate November 2001 OLYMPIC GAMES Costs to Plan and Stage the Games in the United States a GAO-02-140 Contents Letter 1 Results in Brief 4 Background 6 About $363 Million Spent to Plan and Stage the 1980 Winter Olympic Games in Lake Placid 6 Excluding Additional Security Requirements Brought About by the September 11, 2001, Terrorist Attacks, Planning and Staging Costs for the 2002 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games Are Estimated at $1.9 Billion 9 Total Direct Cost and Government Funding and Support for Planning and Staging the 1984 Summer Olympic Games in Los Angeles 12 Total Direct Cost and Government Funding and Support for Planning and Staging the1996 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games in Atlanta, GA 15 Agency Comments and Our Evaluation 17 Appendixes Appendix I: Objectives, Scope, and Methodology 20 Appendix II: Direct Federal Funding and Support for Planning and Staging the 1980 Winter Olympic Games in Lake Placid, NY 24 Appendix III: Direct Federal Funding and Support for the Planned 2002 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games at Salt Lake City, UT 28 Appendix IV: Direct Federal Funding and Support for Planning and Staging the 1984 Summer Olympic Games in Los Angeles, CA 42 Appendix V: Direct Federal Funding and Support for Planning and Staging the 1996 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games 46 Appendix VI: Comments From the Salt Lake Organizing Committee 54 Figures Figure 1: Total -
The Pyeongchang Olympics and Solving the Korean Crisis with Goodwill Posted on 02 Mar·Ch 2018 Tags
Received by NSD/FAR.t\ Registration Unit 09/26/2018 3:32:49 PM The PyeongChang Olympics and Solving the Korean Crisis with Goodwill Posted On 02 Mar·ch 2018 Tags. diplomacy By Casey Robinson In January, the South Korean government extended its hand to the Kim regime by offering high,level talks to d.iscuss North Korea's possible participation at the Winter Olympics, to which the North Korean leader Kim Jong-un responded positively and ordered a reopening of the Panmunjom hotline. The international community was generally optimistic towards this development. Even President Trump, who has shown a willingness to use force to protect American interests, commented that inter-Korean talks are a good thing and even suggested his willingness to speak with Kim Jong-un himself. Many acts of goodwill came from these high-level talks. North and South Korea agreed to participate as a unified team at the Winter Olympics under one flag with inter-Korean team practices in the North. In additfon, the United States rnay have also displayed a sign of goodwill by decreasing funding for human rights and freedom of information programs in North Korea. Decreasing its budget towards these issues may show the North Korean government thatthe United States is potentially no longer be interested in undermining the Kim regime. However, the Moon administration's attempt at rapprochement with North Korea may only be good for the short0 term, until the closing of the Winter Olympics. Without the incentive of sports diplomacy, all three governments may likely return to provocations as there is no sense of confidence in their respective adversary.