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Descargar Descargar REVISTA DE ARQUITECTURA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE LIMA N.° 4 • ENERO-DICIEMBRE DEL 2018 • ISSN 2410-6127 • LIMA, PERÚ EL DESAFÍO DE LA CIUDAD CONSOLIDADA Limaq Revista de la Carrera de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Lima Núm. 4, noviembre 2018 Director: Enrique Bonilla Di Tolla Editor: Guillermo Takano Comité Editorial: Enrique Bonilla Di Tolla (Universidad de Lima, Perú) Ramón Gutiérrez (Cedodal, Argentina) Ángeles Maqueira Yamasaki (Universidad de Lima, Perú) Octavio Montestruque Bisso (Universidad de Lima, Perú) Augusto Tamayo San Román (Universidad de Lima, Perú) © Universidad de Lima Fondo Editorial Av. Javier Prado Este 4600, Urb. Fundo Monterrico Chico, Lima 33 Apartado postal 852, Lima 100, Perú Teléfono: 437-6767, anexo 30131 [email protected] www.ulima.edu.pe Edición: Fondo Editorial Diseño y carátula: Carrera de Arquitectura Publicación anual Impresa en el Perú Los trabajos firmados son responsabilidad de los autores. Queda prohibida la reproducción total o parcial de esta revista, por cualquier medio, sin permiso expreso del Fondo Editorial. ISSN 2410-6127 Hecho el depósito legal en la Biblioteca Nacional del Perú n.° 2015-02357 5 CONTENIDO 7 Editorial EL DESAFÍO DE LA CIUDAD CONSOLIDADA 11 Ciudad de México: la construcción de la ciudad compacta y la ciudad excluyente. Evidencias desde la colonia Juárez / Mexico City: the construction of the compact city and the excluding city. Evidence from colonia Juarez Víctor Delgadillo 37 Entre la regeneración y la suburbanización: Centro Histórico de Zacatecas, México / Between regeneration and suburban development: Historic Center of Zacatecas, Mexico Guadalupe Margarita González Hernández 59 Zapopan y la urbanización cerrada: el fenómeno de la segregación residencial en un municipio del Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara, México / Zapopan and the gated community: the residential segregation phenomenon in a municipality of the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area in Mexico Bernd Pfannenstein / Edgar Eduardo Anacleto Herrera / Salvador Sevilla Villalobos 81 Gran Santa Fe (Argentina): metrópoli de segundo orden. Problemáticas y dinámicas recurrentes / The Great Santa Fe (Argentina): a second-order metropolis. Recurring problems and dynamics Mirta Soijet / Jaquelina Paola Santiago / Victoria Ivón García 101 Urbanización de favelas: ¿viejas nuevas precariedades? / Urban development of favelas: old new precariousness? Maria de Lourdes Zuquim / Ana Júlia Domingues das Neves Brandão 123 Intervención urbana y megaeventos en Río de Janeiro: resistencia de Vila Autódromo a la política de remoción / Urban intervention and mega-events in Rio de Janeiro: Vila Autodromo resistance to the removal policy Josiane do Vale / Rafael Soares Gonçalves 143 Medellín, la ciudad de la ladera en disputa con la imaginada / Medellin, the city on the slope in dispute with the imagined city Luz Dary Ruiz Botero / Hugo Alexander Villa Becerra / Diego Mauricio Montoya Bedoya 6 165 Propuestas para la renovación urbana en barrios residenciales del tipo 9x18 en Santiago de Chile / Proposals for urban renovation in the 9x18-meter-plot residential neighborhoods in Santiago de Chile Rodrigo Tapia / Sebastián Muñoz / Francisco Walker 193 Estrategias para interrumpir trampas de riesgo en Barrios Altos. Caso de estudio Quinta Baselli / Strategies to stop risk traps in Barrios Altos. Quinta Baselli case study Vanesa Olazábal Mendoza 219 Herramientas de diagnóstico para las intervenciones de regeneración urbana integrada en la ciudad consolidada: ejemplos de España / Diagnostic tools for interventions of integrated urban regeneration in the consolidated city: examples from Spain Eduardo de Santiago Rodríguez 247 Lugares de Urbanidad Metropolitana (Lumes). Planeamiento compartido y enfrentamiento de la pseudoparticipación en la Región Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Brasil / Places of Metropolitan Urban Life (Lumes). Shared planning and confrontation of pseudo-participation in the Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Region, Brasil Clarice de Assis Libânio 269 Datos de los autores INFORMACIÓN ADICIONAL 281 Información para los colaboradores 287 Convocatoria EDITORIAL La urbanización acelerada representa uno de los procesos históricos más significativos de los últimos 200 años. A pesar de su longevidad, dicho proceso urbanizador no se ha detenido, sino que, por el contrario, se encuentra más fuerte que nunca, a tal punto que en el 2007 la población urbana mundial superó al total de la población rural. Por ello, se estima que esta cifra llegará al 70 % en el 2050. Ello ha coincidido con el hecho de que buena parte de los actuales esfuerzos y reflexiones sobre la ciudad se vengan concentrando en regiones bajo inmensas presiones de urbanización, particularmente en Asia y África. Sin embargo, existen otras regiones en las que estos procesos ocurren desde antes, como por ejemplo, en Latinoamérica, donde la población urbana ya había superado a la rural a principios de la década de 1960. Tal situación plantea un escenario distinto, ya que si bien las tasas de urbanización en estas regiones se encuentran relativamente estabilizadas, muchos de sus antiguos problemas no resueltos están acrecentándose y complejizándose, luego de que las ciudades ingresaran a una fase de consolidación o incluso declive, lo cual implica pensar en nuevas maneras de estudiar e intervenir la ciudad. En los trabajos publicados en el presente número de la revista Limaq se pretende discutir sobre el proceso que ha marcado la consolidación de estas ciudades, así como cuáles son sus efectos presentes y perspectivas futuras, entendidos desde la práctica urbana y la investigación científica interdisciplinar. En primer lugar, el artículo de Víctor Delgadillo explora la performance de las actuales políticas urbanas en el casco central de la Ciudad de México, para desentrañar sus efectos perversos tanto en las personas como en la forma física de la ciudad. En una línea similar, y a propósito del caso de Zacatecas, Guadalupe Margarita González Hernández evidencia procesos de segregación socioespacial en contextos de gentrificación intensa. Bernd Pfannenstein, Edgar Eduardo Anacleto Herrera y Salvador Sevilla Villalobos siguen explorando el tema de la segregación socioespacial, esta vez en relación con el surgimiento de gated-communities en las zonas periféricas de una gran ciudad como Guadalajara. Mirta Soijet, Jaquelina Paola Santiago y Victoria Ivón García estudian el actual 8 proceso de consolidación de las áreas periurbanas del Gran Santa Fe, y proponen un modelo de ordenamiento político territorial que pueda integrarlas. Maria de Lourdes Zuquim y Ana Júlia Domingues das Neves Brandão nos introducen en el tema de la urbanización popular, mediante un recuento histórico de la política de atención a las favelas de Brasil, para luego tocar dos casos de estudio específicos en São Paulo. Josiane do Vale y Rafael Soares Gonçalves confrontan el tema de las favelas con la implementación de grandes proyectos de infraestructura, esta vez en referencia a los Juegos Olímpicos celebrados en el 2016. Luz Dary Ruiz Botero, Hugo Alexander Villa Becerra y Diego Mauricio Montoya Bedoya presentan el caso de Medellín en relación con dos enfoques en constante tensión: el de la ciudad real y el de la ciudad imaginada. En adelante, los trabajos tienden a mostrar una serie de experiencias desarrolladas en contextos de consolidación urbana. Rodrigo Tapia Vera-Cruz, Sebastián Muñoz y Francisco Walker nos presentan una propuesta para una política de densificación habitacional en barrios consolidados de Santiago. Por otro lado, Vanesa Olazábal Mendoza da a conocer un caso piloto de recuperación de edificios multifamiliares con valor histórico en una de las zonas más deterioradas del Centro de Lima. Finalmente, en los textos de Eduardo de Santiago Rodríguez y Clarice de Assis Libânio se manifiesta una preocupación por la generación de herramientas que mejoren la manera en que se gestionan y toman las decisiones en nuestras ciudades; en el primer caso, a partir de un sistema de diagnóstico para acciones de renovación en España, y en el segundo, tomando como base un programa que potencia la participación y la planificación concertada de la ciudad de Belo Horizonte. Es para nosotros un orgullo presentar esta cuarta edición de la revista Limaq. Estamos seguros de que los once trabajos publicados son un aporte significativo al estado de la cuestión urbana en nuestro continente, y fuera de él. Guillermo Takano AUTOR Nombre y Apellido 9 EL DESAFÍO DE LA CIUDAD CONSOLIDADA Ciudad de México: la construcción de la ciudad Víctor Delgadillo 11 compacta y la ciudad excluyente. Evidencias desde la colonia Juárez* Víctor Delgadillo Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, México Recibido: 22 de junio del 2017 / Aprobado: 10 de septiembre del 2017 doi: 10.26439/limaq2018.n004.2259 En este artículo se analizan las transformaciones urbanas y el descontento social en un barrio central de Ciudad de México, producidos por las políticas de desarrollo urbano intensivo que en los últimos 17 años ha llevado a cabo el Gobierno local. La colonia Juárez se encuentra en el epicentro simbólico y geográfico de diversas fuerzas económicas y políticas neoliberales que disputan a sus habitantes, desigualmente, las áreas urbanas centrales. Las políticas públicas han facilitado la emergencia de un gran boom inmobiliario diferenciado; este genera una excluyente oferta habitacional y de servicios para la población residente de bajos y medianos ingresos a través de la construcción de megatorres, a la vez promueve la rehabilitación
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