DOCSLIB.ORG

(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0297260 A1 Wilson Et Al

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0297260 A1 Wilson Et Al US 2010O297260A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0297260 A1 Wilson et al. (43) Pub. Date: Nov. 25, 2010 (54) PESTICIDE COMPOSITIONS EXHIBITING Related U.S. Application Data ENHANCED ACTIVITY (60) Provisional application No. 61/214,965, filed on Apr. (76) Inventors: Stephen L. Wilson, Indianapolis, 30, 2009. IN (US); Lei Liu, Carmel, IN (US); Publication Classification James D. Thomas, Fishers, IN (51) Int. Cl. (US); Raymond E. Boucher, JR. AOIN 59/6 (2006.01) Lebanon, IN (US); James E. AOIN 37/18 (2006.01) Dripps, Carmel, IN (US); Margaret S. Kempe, Greenfield, AOIP 7/04 (2006.01) IN (US) (52) U.S. Cl. ........................... 424/641; 514/4.5; 424/647 (57) ABSTRACT Correspondence Address: Pest controlling compositions exhibiting enhanced pesticidal Krieg DeVault LLP activity levels are disclosed. In one embodiment, a composi Suite 2800, One Indiana Square tion includes at least one pesticide, at least one transition Indianapolis, IN46204-2079 (US) metal salt and at least one proteinaceous material. In this embodiment, the composition exhibits enhanced pesticidal (21) Appl. No.: 12/768,084 activity levels compared to a composition dissimilar only in not having the at least one transition metal salt and the at least (22) Filed: Apr. 27, 2010 one proteinaceous material. US 2010/0297260 A1 Nov. 25, 2010 PESTICIDE COMPOSITIONS EXHIBITING for the at least one pesticide, transition metal salt and pro ENHANCED ACTIVITY teinaceous material are contemplated. 0007. In another embodiment, a composition includes CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED from about 8% to about 15% by weight of spinetoram, from APPLICATIONS about 40% to about 60% by weight of a proteinaceous mate rial, and from about 25% to about 40% by weight of a tran 0001. The subject application claims priority to U.S. Pro sition metal salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, the tran visional Application No. 61/214,965 filed Apr. 30, 2009, the sition metal salt includes iron (III) sulfate and the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in proteinaceous material includes egg albumen. their entirety. 0008. In yet another embodiment, a method includes applying to a locus where control is desired an insect-inacti FIELD OF THE INVENTION Vating amount of a pesticide composition. Still, further 0002. The invention disclosed in this document is related embodiments, forms, features, aspects, benefits, objects, and to the field of pesticides and their use in controlling pests. advantages of the present invention shall become apparent from the detailed description and examples provided. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 0003 Pests cause millions of human deaths around the world each year. Furthermore, there are more than ten thou 0009 Throughout this document, all temperatures are sand species of pests that cause losses in agriculture. These given in degrees Celsius, and all percentages are weight per agricultural losses amount to billions of U.S. dollars each centages unless otherwise stated. year. Termites cause damage to various structures such as 0010 Pesticide compositions exhibiting increased stabil homes. These termite damage losses amount to billions of ity and enhanced pesticidal activity are described in this docu U.S. dollars each year. As a final note, many stored food pests ment. More particularly, in one or more embodiments, the eat and adulterate stored food. These stored food losses pesticide compositions exhibit enhanced residual pesticidal amount to billions of U.S. dollars each year, but more impor activity. A pesticide is herein defined as any compound which tantly, deprive people of needed food. shows some pesticidal or biocidal activity, or otherwise par 0004. Many pesticide compositions have been developed ticipates in the control or limitation of pest populations. Such over time to destroy pests and alleviate the damages they compounds include fungicides, insecticides, nematocides, cause. These compositions are often applied to the environ miticides, termiticides, rodenticides, molluscides, arthro ment in which the insects or other pests live or where their podicides, herbicides, biocides, as well as pheromones and eggs are present, including the air Surrounding them, the food attractants and the like. they eat, or objects which they contact. Several of these com 0011 Examples of pesticides that can be included in the positions are Vulnerable to chemical and physical degradation compositions described herein include, but are not limited to, when applied to these environments. If these types of degra antibiotic insecticides, macrocyclic lactone insecticides (for dation occur, the pesticidal activity of the pesticides can be example, avermectin insecticides, milbemycin insecticides, adversely affected, commonly necessitating an increase in the and spinosyn insecticides), arsenical insecticides, botanical concentration at which the pesticides are applied and/or more insecticides, carbamate insecticides (for example, benzofura frequent applications of the pesticides. As a result, user costs nyl methylcarbamate insecticides, dimethylcarbamate insec and the costs to consumers can escalate. Therefore, a need ticides, oxime carbamate insecticides, and phenyl methylcar exists for new pesticide compositions that exhibit increased bamate insecticides), diamide insecticides, desiccant stability and enhanced activity compared to existing pesticide insecticides, dinitrophenol insecticides, fluorine insecticides, compositions when, for example, the pesticide compositions fonnamidine insecticides, fumigant insecticides, inorganic are applied to an environment to control pests. insecticides, insect growth regulators (for example, chitin synthesis inhibitors, juvenile hormone mimics, juvenile hor SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION mones, moulting hormone agonists, moulting hormones, moulting inhibitors, precocenes, and other unclassified insect 0005. The present invention concerns novel pesticide growth regulators), nereistoxin analogue insecticides, nicoti compositions and their use in controlling insects and certain noid insecticides (for example, nitroguanidine insecticides, other invertebrates. In one embodiment, a composition nitromethylene insecticides, and pyridylmethylamine insec includes at least one pesticide, at least one metal salt and at ticides), organochlorine insecticides, organophosphorus least one proteinaceous material. In this embodiment, the insecticides, oxadiazine insecticides, oxadiazolone insecti composition exhibits enhanced pesticidal activity levels com cides, phthalimide insecticides, pyrazole insecticides, pyre pared to a composition dissimilar only in not having the at throid insecticides, pyrimidinamine insecticides, pyrrole least one metal salt and the at least one proteinaceous mate insecticides, tetramic acid insecticides, tetronic acid insecti rial. In one form, the at least one pesticide is a photo-labile cides, thiazole insecticides, thiazolidine insecticides, thio pesticide. In another form, the at least one pesticide is a urea insecticides, urea insecticides, as well as, other unclas macrocyclic lactone insecticide. sified insecticides. 0006. In a more particular form, the at least one pesticide 0012 Some of the particular insecticides that can be is a spinosyn, such as spinetoram or spinosad, the at least one employed in the compositions described in this document metal salt is a transition metal salt Such as a transition metal include, but are not limited to, the following: 1,2-dichloro acetate, acetylacetonate, nitrate, Sulfate, carbonate or halide, propane, 1.3 dichloropropene, abamectin, acephate, acetami including chloride, fluoride, bromide and iodide, and the at prid, acethion, acetoprole, acrinathrin, acrylonitrile, alany least one proteinaceous material is egg albumen, whey, gela carb, aldicarb, aldoxycarb, aldrin, allethrin, allosamidin, tin or Zein. However, it should be appreciated that alternatives allyxycarb, alpha-cype ethrin, alpha-endosulfan, amidithion, US 2010/0297260 A1 Nov. 25, 2010 aminocarb, amiton, amitraz, anabasine, athidathion, aza naftalofos, naled, naphthalene, nicotine, nifluridide, niten dirachtin, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphosmethyl, pyram, nithiazine, nitrilacarb, novaluron, noviflumuron, azothoate, barium hexafluorosilicate, barthrin, bendiocarb, omethoate, oxamyl, Oxydemeton-methyl, oxydeprofos, oxy benfuracarb, bensultap, beta-cyfluthrin, beta-cypermethrin, disulfoton, para-dichlorobenzene, parathion, parathion-me bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioethanomethrin, biopermethrin, thyl, penfluron, pentachlorophenol, permethrin, phenkapton, phenothrin, phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosfolan, phos bioresmethrin, bistrifluron, borax, boric acid, boric acid, bro met, phosnichlor, phosphamidon, phosphine, phoxim, mfenVinfos, bromocyclen, bromo-DDT, bromophos, bro phoxim-methyl, pirimetaphos, pirimicarb, pirimiphos-ethyl, mophosethyl, bufencarb, buprofezin, butacarb, butathiofos, pirimiphos-methyl, potassium arsenite, potassium thiocyan butocarboxim, butonate, butoxycarboxim, cadusafos, cal ate, pp'-DDT, prallethrin. precocene I, precocene II, pre cium arsenate, calcium polysulfide, camphechlor, carbano cocene III, primidophos, profenofos, profluthrin, promacyl, late, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachlo promecarb, propaphos, propetamphos, propoXur, prothi ride, carbophenothion, carbosulfan, cartap, dathion, prothiofos, prothoate, protrifenbute, pyraclofos, chlorantraniliprole, chlorbicyclen, chlordane,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Guidance on Identification of Alternatives to New Pops
    Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Guidance on identification of alternatives to new POPs Secretariat of the Stockholm Convention Concept of “Substitution” under the Stockholm Convention • The substitution is a strategy promoted by the Stockholm Convention to reach its objectives • Parties that are still producing or using the new POPs listed in Annex A, will need to search and identify alternatives to replace them • In the case of PFOS and for the exemptions for uses allowed by the Convention, these group of chemicals will be eventually prohibited and Parties are therefore encouraged to find alternatives to substitute them 2 Availability of alternatives • Currently, some countries have phased out the use of some of the new POPs, and there are feasible alternatives available to replace them Alternatives Chemical Name Use Ethoprop, oxamyl Pesticide to control banana root borer Cyfluthrin, Imidacloprid Pesticide to control tobacco wireworms Azadirachtin, bifenthrin, boric acid, carbaryl, Pesticide to control capsaicin, cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, ants and/or deltamethrin, diazinon, dichlorvos, cockroaches esfenvalerate, imidacloprid, lamda-cyhalothrin, Chlordecone malathion, permethrin, piperonyl butoxide, pyrethrins, pyriproxyfen, resmethrin, s- bioallerthrin, tetramethrin Bacillus thuringiensis, cultural practices such Pest management as crop rotation, intercropping, and trap cropping; barrier methods, such as screens, and bagging of fruit; use of traps such as pheromone and light traps to attract and kill insects. 3
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Residential Pest Control Products Used in Inner City Communities in New York City
    Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2010), 1–11 r 2010 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved 1559-0631/10 www.nature.com/jes Characterization of residential pest control products used in inner city communities in New York City MEGAN K. HORTONa, J. BRYAN JACOBSONb, WENDY MCKELVEYb, DARRELL HOLMESa, BETTY FINCHERc, AUDREY QUANTANOc, BEINVENDIDA PAEZ DIAZc, FAYE SHABBAZZc, PEGGY SHEPARDc, ANDREW RUNDLEa AND ROBIN M. WHYATTa aColumbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA bNew York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York, USA cWest Harlem Environmental Action, New York, New York, USA The Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health (CCCEH) previously reported widespread residential insecticide use in urban communities in New York City. Research suggests that pyrethroids are replacing organophosphates (OPs) in response to 2000–2001 US EPA pesticide regulations restricting OP use. A systematic assessment of active ingredients used for residential pest control is lacking. We queried a database of pesticide applications reported by licensed applicators between 1999 and 2005 and surveyed pest control products available in 145 stores within 29 zip codes in the CCCEH catchment area including Northern Manhattan and the South Bronx. Pyrethroids, pyrethrins, piperonyl butoxide, and hydramethylnon were the most common insecticide active ingredients reported as used by licensed pesticide applicators within the 29 zip codes of the CCCEH catchment area between 1999 and 2005. Use of certain pyrethroids and some non-spray insecticides such as fipronil and boric acid increased significantly by year (logistic regression, OR41.0, Po0.05), whereas use of OPs, including chlorpyrifos and diazinon decreased significantly by year (logistic regression, ORo1.0, Po0.05).
    [Show full text]
  • Fluoride (Developmental Neurotoxicity and Endocrine Disruption)
    Bill Osmunson DDS, MPH November 6, 2015 [email protected] Dr. Kristina Thayer Director, Office of Health Assessment and Translation National Toxicology Program Email: [email protected] (1) DATA ON CURRENT PRODUCTION, USE PATTERNS, AND HUMAN EXPOSURE A. The FDA approved fluoride toothpaste caution, “Do Not Swallow.” No safe dosage or amount is stated. “Do Not Swallow” is simple to understand. Use a pea or smear size and if more than used for brushing is swallowed, contact the poison control center. A quarter milligram of fluoride is in a pea size of fluoride toothpaste, the same amount found in each 11 oz glass of 0.7 ppm fluoridated public water. Fluoridated water is dispensed to everyone without regards for other fluoride exposures, individual consent, health, or sensitivity. The only safe amount of fluoride is, “Do Not Swallow.” Swallowing fluoride is not safe, however, many children swallow their toothpaste due to taste and the swallow reflex is part of the spitting action. B. Fluoridated water is the primary source of fluoride for many people. Fluoridated toothpaste is considered the second primary source and for some is more than fluoridated water. Other significant sources of fluoride include bone meal, mechanically deboned meat, grape products with cryolite, several legend drugs and sulfuryl fluoride, a post harvest fumigant. C. The FDA sent a letter to about 35 fluoride supplement manufacturers, “. there is no substantial evidence of drug effectiveness as prescribed, recommended or suggested in its labeling. .” (Drug Therapy
    [Show full text]
  • Potential for Resistance to Pyriproxyfen: a Promising
    SEPTEMBER 199I RnsrsreNcn PornNtrer, To PyRrpRoxyFEN POTENTIAL FOR RESISTANCETO PYRIPROXYFEN:A PROMISING NEW MOSQUITO LARVICIDE C. H. SCHAEFER eNo F. S. MULLIGAN III1 Mosquito Control Researchlnboratory, IJniuersity of California, 9240 S. Riuerbend,Auenue, Parli.er, CA 93648 ABSTRACT. An organophosphorus-resistantstrain of Culcx quin4u.efasciaturwas pressured with pyriproxyfen for 1? genbrations.Egg viability began declining in the F? generation and becamelower as the ielection procesi continued; by the F17generation egg viabilif was too low to proceed further. Susceptibility tests on larvae of the Fs, Fro, Frr, and Frz generationsshowed no indication of increased tolerance to pyriproxyfen. INTRODUCTION of chlorpyrifos and related compounds due to insecticide resistance(Stewart 1975). Pyriproxyfen, 2-[1-methyl-2-(4-phenoxy- Another consideration is the potential for phenoxy)ethoxyl pyridine, is also known as S- cross-resistanceof strains which have already 31183and by the trademark names Nylar@and been selectedfor insecticide resistance.For ex- [email protected] compound acts as a juvenile ample, when a new benzamide larvicide which hormone mimic; it doesnot producedirect larval had a high degreeof efficacy against mosquitoes toxicity but disrupts the normal processof insect was used to pressure an organophosphorus-re- development, which results in pupal mortality sistant (OP-R) strain of Cx. quirquefasciatu.s, or in the production of abnormal adults. Pyri- cross-resistancebecame apparent after only 4 proxyfen is highly active against a variety of generationsof selection (Schaeferet al. 1981). insects of public health importance including Information on how quickly insecticide-resist- cockroaches (Chow and Yang 1990), fleas ant strains might develop tolerance to pyri- (Palma and Meola 1990),the tsetsefly (Langley proxyfen was sought.Insecticide pressure exper- et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Carpenter Ants and Control in Homes Page 1 of 6
    Carpenter Ants and Control in Homes Page 1 of 6 Carpenter Ants and Control in Homes Fact Sheet No. 31 Revised May 2000 Dr. Jay B Karren, Extension Entomologist Alan H. Roe, Insect Diagnostician Introduction Carpenter ants are members of the insect order Hymenoptera, which includes bees, wasps, sawflies, and other ants. Carpenter ants can be occasional pests in the home and are noted particularly for the damage they can cause when nesting in wood. In Utah they are more of a nuisance rather than a major structural pest. Carpenter ants, along with a number of other ant species, utilize cavities in wood, particularly stumps and logs in decayed condition, as nesting sites. They are most abundant in forests and can be easily found under loose bark of dead trees, stumps, or fallen logs. Homeowners may bring them into their homes when they transport infested logs from forests to use as firewood. Description Carpenter ants include species that are among the largest ants found in the United States. They are social insects with a complex and well-defined caste system. The worker ants are sterile females and may occur in different sizes (majors and minors). Members of the reproductive caste (fertile males and females) are usually winged prior to mating. All ants develop from eggs deposited by a fertilized female (queen). The eggs hatch into grub-like larvae (immatures) which are fed and cared for by the workers. When fully grown, the larvae spin a cocoon and enter the pupal stage. The pupal stage is a period of transformation from the larva to adult.
    [Show full text]
  • Residual Fluoride in Food Fumigated with Sulfuryl Fluoride
    Fluoride 2005;38(3):175–177 Editorial 175 RESIDUAL FLUORIDE IN FOOD FUMIGATED WITH SULFURYL FLUORIDE SUMMARY: New US federal allowances for inorganic fluoride residues in food fumigated with sulfuryl fluoride are excessively high and are at levels known to cause serious adverse health effects, including crippling skeletal fluorosis. Fluoride in food has long been recognized as a potential source of adverse health effects including dental fluorosis, bone and joint defects, gastrointestinal disturbances, and muscular-neurological disorders,1-2 plus even crippling skeletal fluorosis.3 In China, food contaminated by fluoride (F) from unvented coal burning used to dry and preserve grains and other crops is an important source of F intake,4 and F levels from such exposure ranging from 18 to 87 ppm in corn and 114 to 1109 ppm in chili have been reported.5 In these coal-burning F-endemic areas, even with very little F in the drinking water, the total daily F intake by affected adults has been estimated to be between 6.12 and 9.65 mg, with the major contribution coming from food.5 By contrast, in non-endemic areas, daily F intake was estimated to be only 0.8 mg/day.5 Therefore, any appreciable increase in F intake resulting from commercial food fumigation procedures can only be viewed with grave concern. In place of methyl bromide as an insecticide fumigant because of its upper atmosphere ozone depleting ability, a number of substitutes are already in use with varying results. For example, various combinations of phosphine (PH3) and carbon dioxide have been fairly successful for food as well as general fumigation, although equipment corrosion from phosphine and insect resistance to it are among its drawbacks.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemicals Implicated in Colony Collapse Disorder
    Chemicals Implicated While research is underway to determine the cause of Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD), pesticides have emerged as one of the prime suspects. Recent bans in Europe attest to the growing concerns surrounding pesticide use and honeybee decline. Neonicotinoids Neonicotinoids are a relatively new class of insecticides that share a common mode of action that affect the central nervous system of insects, resulting in paralysis and death. They include imidacloprid, acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, nithiazine, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam. According to the EPA, uncertainties have been identified since their initial registration regarding the potential environmental fate and effects of neonicotinoid pesticides, particularly as they relate to pollinators. Studies conducted in the late 1990s suggest that neonicotinic residues can accumulate in pollen and nectar of treated plants and represent a potential risk to pollinators. There is major concern that neonicotinoid pesticides may play a role in recent pollinator declines. Neonicotinoids can also be persistent in the environment, and when used as seed treatments, translocate to residues in pollen and nectar of treated plants. The potential for these residues to affect bees and other pollinators remain uncertain. Despite these uncertainties, neonicotinoids are beginning to dominate the market place, putting pollinators at risk. The case of the neonicotinoids exemplifies two critical problems with current registration procedures and risk assessment methods for pesticides: the reliance on industry-funded science that contradicts peer-reviewed studies and the insufficiency of current risk assessment procedures to account for sublethal effects of pesticides. • Imidacloprid Used in agriculture as foliar and seed treatments, for indoor and outdoor insect control, home gardening and pet products, imidacloprid is the most popular neonicotinoid, first registered in 1994 under the trade names Merit®, Admire®, Advantage TM.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Perspectives on Apple Production: Fruit Tree Pest Management, Regulation and New Insecticidal Chemistries
    Historical Perspectives on Apple Production: Fruit Tree Pest Management, Regulation and New Insecticidal Chemistries. Peter Jentsch Extension Associate Department of Entomology Cornell University's Hudson Valley Lab 3357 Rt. 9W; PO box 727 Highland, NY 12528 email: [email protected] Phone 845-691-7151 Mobile: 845-417-7465 http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/faculty/jentsch/ 2 Historical Perspectives on Fruit Production: Fruit Tree Pest Management, Regulation and New Chemistries. by Peter Jentsch I. Historical Use of Pesticides in Apple Production Overview of Apple Production and Pest Management Prior to 1940 Synthetic Pesticide Development and Use II. Influences Changing the Pest Management Profile in Apple Production Chemical Residues in Early Insect Management Historical Chemical Regulation Recent Regulation Developments Changing Pest Management Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 The Science Behind The Methodology Pesticide Revisions – Requirements For New Registrations III. Resistance of Insect Pests to Insecticides Resistance Pest Management Strategies IV. Reduced Risk Chemistries: New Modes of Action and the Insecticide Treadmill Fermentation Microbial Products Bt’s, Abamectins, Spinosads Juvenile Hormone Analogs Formamidines, Juvenile Hormone Analogs And Mimics Insect Growth Regulators Azadirachtin, Thiadiazine Neonicotinyls Major Reduced Risk Materials: Carboxamides, Carboxylic Acid Esters, Granulosis Viruses, Diphenyloxazolines, Insecticidal Soaps, Benzoyl Urea Growth Regulators, Tetronic Acids, Oxadiazenes , Particle Films, Phenoxypyrazoles, Pyridazinones, Spinosads, Tetrazines , Organotins, Quinolines. 3 I Historical Use of Pesticides in Apple Production Overview of Apple Production and Pest Management Prior to 1940 The apple has a rather ominous origin. Its inception is framed in the biblical text regarding the genesis of mankind. The backdrop appears to be the turbulent setting of what many scholars believe to be present day Iraq.
    [Show full text]
  • Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae
    insects Article Efficacy of Chemicals for the Potential Management of the Queensland Fruit Fly Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae) Olivia L. Reynolds 1,2,*, Terrence J. Osborne 2 and Idris Barchia 3 1 Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (New South Wales Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Private Bag 4008, Narellan, NSW 2567, Australia 2 New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Biosecurity and Food Safety, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Private Bag 4008, Narellan, NSW 2567, Australia; [email protected] 3 New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Chief Scientist’s Branch, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Private Bag 4008, Narellan, NSW 2567, Australia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-246-406-200 Academic Editors: Michael J. Stout, Jeff Davis, Rodrigo Diaz and Julien M. Beuzelin Received: 2 February 2017; Accepted: 2 May 2017; Published: 9 May 2017 Abstract: This study investigated alternative in-field chemical controls against Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt). Bioassay 1 tested the mortality of adults exposed to fruit and filter paper dipped in insecticide, and the topical application of insecticide to adults/fruit. Bioassay 2 measured the mortality of adults permitted to oviposit on fruit dipped in insecticide and aged 0, 1, 3, or 5 days, plus the production of offspring. Bioassay 3 tested infested fruit sprayed with insecticide. The field bioassay trialed the mortality of adults exposed to one- and five-day insecticide residues on peaches, and subsequent offspring. Abamectin, alpha-cypermethrin, clothianidin, dimethoate (half-label rate), emamectin benzoate, fenthion (half- and full-label rate), and trichlorfon were the most efficacious in bioassay 1, across 18 tested insecticide treatments.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 75, No. 146/Friday, July 30, 2010/Notices
    44954 Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 146 / Friday, July 30, 2010 / Notices 4. Submission of Your Response in the of the information? If so, please attach must be submitted for inclusion in the English Language a copy of the determination. public docket. All responses to this notice must be 6. For each category of information 2. Tips for Preparing Your Comments. in the English language. claimed as confidential, explain with When submitting comments, remember specificity why release of the to: 5. The Effect of Failure To Respond to information is likely to cause substantial • Identify the notice by docket This Notice harm to your competitive position. number and other identifying In accordance with 40 CFR 2.204(e)(1) Explain the specific nature of those information (subject heading, Federal harmful effects, why they should be Register date and page number). and 2.205(d)(1), EPA will construe your • failure to furnish timely comments in viewed as substantial, and the causal Explain your views as clearly as response to this notice as a waiver of relationship between disclosure and possible, avoiding the use of profanity such harmful effects. How could your or personal threats. your business’s claim(s) of • confidentiality for any information in competitors make use of this Describe any assumptions and the types of documents identified in this information to your detriment? provide any technical information and/ notice. 7. Do you assert that the information or data that you used. is submitted on a voluntary or a • Provide specific examples to 6. What To Include in Your Comments mandatory basis? Please explain the illustrate your concerns, and suggest If you believe that any of the reason for your assertion.
    [Show full text]
  • Neuroactive Insecticides: Targets, Selectivity, Resistance, and Secondary Effects
    EN58CH06-Casida ARI 5 December 2012 8:11 Neuroactive Insecticides: Targets, Selectivity, Resistance, and Secondary Effects John E. Casida1,∗ and Kathleen A. Durkin2 1Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, 2Molecular Graphics and Computational Facility, College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; email: [email protected], [email protected] Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2013. 58:99–117 Keywords The Annual Review of Entomology is online at acetylcholinesterase, calcium channels, GABAA receptor, nicotinic ento.annualreviews.org receptor, secondary targets, sodium channel This article’s doi: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120811-153645 Abstract Copyright c 2013 by Annual Reviews. Neuroactive insecticides are the principal means of protecting crops, people, All rights reserved livestock, and pets from pest insect attack and disease transmission. Cur- ∗ Corresponding author rently, the four major nerve targets are acetylcholinesterase for organophos- phates and methylcarbamates, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor for neonicotinoids, the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor/chloride channel for by Public Health Information Access Project on 04/29/14. For personal use only. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2013.58:99-117. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org polychlorocyclohexanes and fiproles, and the voltage-gated sodium channel for pyrethroids and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. Species selectivity and acquired resistance are attributable in part to structural differences in binding subsites, receptor subunit interfaces, or transmembrane regions. Additional targets are sites in the sodium channel (indoxacarb and metaflumizone), the glutamate-gated chloride channel (avermectins), the octopamine receptor (amitraz metabolite), and the calcium-activated calcium channel (diamides). Secondary toxic effects in mammals from off-target serine hydrolase inhibi- tion include organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy and disruption of the cannabinoid system.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effectiveness of a Pyriprole \(125 Mg/Ml\) and a Metaflumizone \(150
    Article available at http://www.parasite-journal.org or http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2008151093 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A PYRIPROLE (125 MG/ML) AND A METAFLUMIZONE (150 MG/ML) COMBINED WITH AMITRAZ (150 MG/ML) SPOT-ON TREATMENT IN PREVENTING PHLEBOTOMUS PERNICIOSUS FROM FEEDING ON DOGS THOMAS C.*, ROQUES M.* & FRANC M.* Summary: Résumé : PYRIPROLE ET ASSOCIATION MÉTAFLUMIZONE-AMITRAZ : ÉTUDE DE L’ACTIVITÉ ANTI-GORGEMENT VIS-À-VIS DE PHLEBOTOMUS A controlled clinical trial was performed to assess the effectiveness PERNICIOSUS SUR LE CHIEN TRAITÉ PAR CES FORMULATIONS SPOT-ON of a pyriprole (125 mg/ml) and a metaflumizone (150 mg/ml) combined with amitraz (150 mg/ml) spot-on treatment Cet essai avait pour but d’étudier l’efficacité de deux spot-on (recommended dosage) in preventing adult female sandflies destinés au chien – pyriprole (125 mg/ml) et métaflumizone (Phlebotomus perniciosus) from feeding on dogs. Sandfly mortality (150 mg/ml) associée à l’amitraz (150 mg/ml) – sur les was also assessed. Twelve beagle dogs were used in the study. phlébotomes (effet létal et effet antigorgement). 12 chiens ont été Prior to treatment they were checked for their attractiveness to sand- utilisés. Ils ont été répartis en trois lots de quatre en fonction de flies, ranked accordingly to generate partner triplets of equivalent leur attractivité pour les femelles de phlébotomes. Un lot a été sensitivity to sandflies: four control dogs, four treated with the traité avec le spot-on au pyriprole, un lot avec la métaflumizone pyriprole and four with the metaflumizone spot-on. The dogs were associée à de l’amitraz, le dernier lot étant le lot témoin non challenged with 50 unfed adult female sandflies (8-10 days old), traité.
    [Show full text]