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FOREWORD the Need to Prepare a Clear and Comprehensive Document
FOREWORD The need to prepare a clear and comprehensive document on the Punjab problem has been felt by the Sikh community for a very long time. With the release of this White Paper, the S.G.P.C. has fulfilled this long-felt need of the community. It takes cognisance of all aspects of the problem-historical, socio-economic, political and ideological. The approach of the Indian Government has been too partisan and negative to take into account a complete perspective of the multidimensional problem. The government White Paper focusses only on the law and order aspect, deliberately ignoring a careful examination of the issues and processes that have compounded the problem. The state, with its aggressive publicity organs, has often, tried to conceal the basic facts and withhold the genocide of the Sikhs conducted in Punjab in the name of restoring peace. Operation Black Out, conducted in full collaboration with the media, has often led to the circulation of one-sided versions of the problem, adding to the poignancy of the plight of the Sikhs. Record has to be put straight for people and posterity. But it requires volumes to make a full disclosure of the long history of betrayal, discrimination, political trickery, murky intrigues, phoney negotiations and repression which has led to blood and tears, trauma and torture for the Sikhs over the past five decades. Moreover, it is not possible to gather full information, without access to government records. This document has been prepared on the basis of available evidence to awaken the voices of all those who love justice to the understanding of the Sikh point of view. -
Afghanistan: Sikhs and Hindus
Country Policy and Information Note Afghanistan: Sikhs and Hindus Version 5.0 May 2019 Preface Purpose This note provides country of origin information (COI) and analysis of COI for use by Home Office decision makers handling particular types of protection and human rights claims (as set out in the basis of claim section). It is not intended to be an exhaustive survey of a particular subject or theme. It is split into two main sections: (1) analysis and assessment of COI and other evidence; and (2) COI. These are explained in more detail below. Assessment This section analyses the evidence relevant to this note – i.e. the COI section; refugee/human rights laws and policies; and applicable caselaw – by describing this and its inter-relationships, and provides an assessment on whether, in general: x A person is reasonably likely to face a real risk of persecution or serious harm x A person is able to obtain protection from the state (or quasi state bodies) x A person is reasonably able to relocate within a country or territory x Claims are likely to justify granting asylum, humanitarian protection or other form of leave, and x If a claim is refused, it is likely or unlikely to be certifiable as ‘clearly unfounded’ under section 94 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002. Decision makers must, however, still consider all claims on an individual basis, taking into account each case’s specific facts. Country of origin information The country information in this note has been carefully selected in accordance with the general principles of COI research as set out in the Common EU [European Union] Guidelines for Processing Country of Origin Information (COI), dated April 2008, and the Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation’s (ACCORD), Researching Country Origin Information – Training Manual, 2013. -
Harpreet Singh
FROM GURU NANAK TO NEW ZEALAND: Mobility in the Sikh Tradition and the History of the Sikh Community in New Zealand to 1947 Harpreet Singh A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History, The University of Otago, 2016. Abstract Currently the research on Sikhs in New Zealand has been defined by W. H. McLeod’s Punjabis in New Zealand (published in the 1980s). The studies in this book revealed Sikh history in New Zealand through the lens of oral history by focussing on the memory of the original settlers and their descendants. However, the advancement of technology has facilitated access to digitised historical documents including newspapers and archives. This dissertation uses these extensive databases of digitised material (combined with non-digital sources) to recover an extensive, if fragmentary, history of South Asians and Sikhs in New Zealand. This dissertation seeks to reconstruct mobility within Sikhism by analysing migration to New Zealand against the backdrop of the early period of Sikh history. Covering the period of the Sikh Gurus, the eighteenth century, the period of the Sikh Kingdom and the colonial era, the research establishes a pattern of mobility leading to migration to New Zealand. The pattern is established by utilising evidence from various aspects of the Sikh faith including Sikh institutions, scripture, literature, and other historical sources of each period to show how mobility was indigenous to the Sikh tradition. It also explores the relationship of Sikhs with the British, which was integral to the absorption of Sikhs into the Empire and continuity of mobile traditions that ultimately led them to New Zealand. -
Partition and Independence of India: 1924 Chair: Usama Bin Shafqat Committee Chair: Person ‘Year Director
Partition and Independence of India: 1924 Chair: Usama Bin Shafqat Committee Chair: Person ‘year Director: Partition and Independence of India: 1924 PMUNC 2015 Contents Chair’s Letter………………………………………………………...…..3 Short History……………………………………………………………..5 The Brief – 1924…………………………………………………………7 Sources to Consider……………………………………………………...8 Roles……………………………………………………………………..9 Maps……………………………………………………………………12 2 Partition and Independence of India: 1924 PMUNC 2015 Chair’s Letter Dear Delegates, Welcome to one of the most uniquely exciting committees at PMUNC 2015! My name is Usama Bin Shafqat and I will be your chair as we engage in a throwback to the events that continue to define lives for more than a billion people today. I am from Islamabad, Pakistan and will be a sophomore this year—tentatively majoring in Operations Research and Financial Engineering. Model UN has always been my IR indulgence in an otherwise scientific education as I culminated my high school career by serving as the Secretary-General for the largest conference in Islamabad—the Millennial Model UN 2013. I’ve continued Model UN here at Princeton by helping out with both PMUNC and PICSIM last year—in Operations and Crisis, respectively. Outside of Model UN, I’m a major foodie and love cricket. This will be a historical crisis committee where we chart our own path through a subcontinent where the British are fast losing grip over their largest colony. We shall convene in the 1920s as political parties within India begin engaging with the masses and stand up more forcefully against the British Empire. Our emphasis will be on the interplay between the major parties in the discussions—the British, the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League. -
The Sikh Dilemma: the Partition of Punjab 1947
The Sikh Dilemma: The Partition of Punjab 1947 Busharat Elahi Jamil Abstract The Partition of India 1947 resulted in the Partition of the Punjab into two, East and West. The 3rd June Plan gave a sense of uneasiness and generated the division of dilemma among the large communities of the British Punjab like Muslims, Hindus and Sikh besetting a holocaust. This situation was beneficial for the British and the Congress. The Sikh community with the support of Congress wanted the proportion of the Punjab according to their own violation by using different modules of deeds. On the other hand, for Muslims the largest populous group of the Punjab, by using the platform of Muslim League showed the resentment because they wanted the decision on the Punjab according to their requirements. Consequently the conflict caused the world’s bloodiest partition and the largest migration of the history. Introduction The Sikhs were the third largest community of the United Punjab before India’s partition. The Sikhs had the historic religious, economic and socio-political roots in the Punjab. Since the annexation of the Punjab, they were faithful with the British rulers and had an influence in the Punjabi society, even enjoying various privileges. But in the 20th century, the Muslims 90 Pakistan Vision Vol. 17 No. 1 Independence Movement in India was not only going to divide the Punjab but also causing the division of the Sikh community between East and West Punjab, which confused the Sikh leadership. So according to the political scenarios in different timings, Sikh leadership changed their demands and started to present different solutions of the Sikh enigma for the geographical transformation of the province. -
Militancy and Media: a Case Study of Indian Punjab
Militancy and Media: A case study of Indian Punjab Dissertation submitted to the Central University of Punjab for the award of Master of Philosophy in Centre for South and Central Asian Studies By Dinesh Bassi Dissertation Coordinator: Dr. V.J Varghese Administrative Supervisor: Prof. Paramjit Singh Ramana Centre for South and Central Asian Studies School of Global Relations Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 2012 June DECLARATION I declare that the dissertation entitled MILITANCY AND MEDIA: A CASE STUDY OF INDIAN PUNJAB has been prepared by me under the guidance of Dr. V. J. Varghese, Assistant Professor, Centre for South and Central Asian Studies, and administrative supervision of Prof. Paramjit Singh Ramana, Dean, School of Global Relations, Central University of Punjab. No part of this dissertation has formed the basis for the award of any degree or fellowship previously. (Dinesh Bassi) Centre for South and Central Asian Studies School of Global Relations Central University of Punjab Bathinda-151001 Punjab, India Date: 5th June, 2012 ii CERTIFICATE We certify that Dinesh Bassi has prepared his dissertation entitled MILITANCY AND MEDIA: A CASE STUDY OF INDIAN PUNJAB for the award of M.Phil. Degree under our supervision. He has carried out this work at the Centre for South and Central Asian Studies, School of Global Relations, Central University of Punjab. (Dr. V. J. Varghese) Assistant Professor Centre for South and Central Asian Studies, School of Global Relations, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda-151001. (Prof. Paramjit Singh Ramana) Dean Centre for South and Central Asian Studies, School of Global Relations, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda-151001. -
Emergence of Punjabi Suba and Role Of
P: ISSN NO.: 2321-290X RNI : UPBIL/2013/55327 VOL-4* ISSUE-5*January-2017 E: ISSN NO.: 2349-980X Shrinkhla Ek Shodhparak Vaicharik Patrika Emergence of Punjabi Suba and Role of Congress Party Abstract In the present research paper, the effort is to bring to light the role of Indian National Congress towards Punjabi Suba demand. The emergence of the demand for Punjabi Suba can be traced back to the 1909 Minto-Morley Reforms which first introduced the principle of separate electorates for Muslims. The concept of the Sikh State gathered momentum with the Muslim demand for Pakistan in 1940. Before the transfer of power Congress leaders including Mahatma Gandhi and Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru promised the Sikhs to given an area in the North where they could experience the glow of freedom without any fear and the Congress party never betrayed them. But after independence the attitude of the Congress party underwent change especially with regard to Punjab and Sikhs. Congress rejected the demand of Punjabi Suba on linguistic bases. After long struggle incomplete Punjabi Suba came into existence on 1 November 1966. Keywords: Minto-Morley, Separate electorates, Hindu, Muslim, Sikh, Mahatma Gandhi, Jawahar Lal Nehru, Lal Bahadur Shastri, Punjabi Zone, Hindi Zone, Pepsu Introduction Going back in the pages of History, the fact that comes to light is that the Congress and Akalis had cooperated with each other in 1937 elections, but wanted to fight elections independently. The Akali Dal fought the 1946 general elections to the Punjab Legislative Assembly on its own tickets, at many places opposing the Congress Party. -
Photos of God 4
. 99 M. C. Trivedi, Mahatma Gandhi, c. 1931. Chromolithograph published by S. S. Brijbasi. (illus. 100). These take the form of the montaged heads of seen commonly used for Bhagat Singh) is captioned contemporary national and international political leaders, Subhash balidan (Subhash's sacrifice) and he kneels amidst including Nehru, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Subhash the severed heads of others who have suffered or died in the Chandra Bose, Hitler, Mussolini, Bhagat Singh, Tilak and struggle. Underneath the figure of Mother India, who is many others. This unlikely cohort clearly share a common receiving Bose's gift, is a garlanded monument. Barely concern with power and efficacy, rather than ethics. A readable, this would have been immediately recognizable to further montage from the same source, beneath the slogan Bose admirers as the INA martyrs monument to Bose, 'Jay Hind' (victory to India) shows Gandhi on the right of following his probable death in an air crash on 8 July 1945. the image pointing towards the central figure of Subhash Other figures included in this astonishingly complex Chandra Bose. Bose, as is customary in such images, is montage are Chandra Shekhar Azad and Sardar Patel. attired in the uniform of the Indian National Army We are confronted with an interesting paradox: during (INA), with whose forces he hoped to free India (illus. Gandhi's lifetime chromolithography generally 101). His auto-beheaded figure (of the sort we have positioned him within the 'empty, homogenous time' of the documentary photographic image.82 But local photographic practice, at least as evidenced by the two Mhow prints, was able much more easily to discard a disenchanted chronotope and inhabit a messianic space. -
GK Questions on List of Firsts in India
GK Questions On List Of Firsts In India Answer the following questions on List of First Indians: 1. Who was the first President of India? a) Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru b) Dr. Rajendra Prasad c) B.R. Ambedkar d) Zakir Husain 2. Who was the first Prime Minister of India? a) Indira Gandhi b) Subhash Chandra Bose c) Lal Bahadur Shastri d) Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru 3. Who was the first Indian to travel to space? a) Rakesh Sharma b) Kalpana Chawla c) Ravish Malhotra d) Sunita Williams 4. Who was the first Indian pilot? a) Sardar Baldev Singh b) J.R.D. Tata c) Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel d) R.K. Shanmukham Chetty 5. Who was the first Home Minister of India? a) Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel b) Lal Bahadur Shastri c) Sardar Baldev Singh d) Dr. S. Radhakrishnan 6. Who was the first Indian to win a Nobel Prize? a) Indira Gandhi b) J.R.D. Tata c) Rabindranath Tagore d) Subhash Chandra Bose 7. Who was the first Indian woman to win Miss World contest? a) Priyanka Chopra b) Diana Hayden c) Reita Faria d) Aishwariya Rai 8. Who was the first Chief Justice of India of the apex court, Supreme Court? a) Justice Harilal Jekisundas Kania b) Justice Sudhi Ranjan Das c) Justice K. Subba Rao d) Justice Y.V. Chandrachud 9. Who was the first woman to receive the Bharat Ratna? a) Pratibha Patil b) Indira Gandhi c) Mother Teresa d) Lata Mangeshkar 10. Name the Indian who won the Miss Universe crown for the first time. -
2 the Three Partitions of 1947
2 The three partitions of 1947 Elections, commissions, protest and strife The years 1945 to 1947 were marked by intense struggle in the sub continent. What the Second World War established, and the end of the war only underlined, was the changed military, political and economic position of Britain in the world and the radical transformation of the political temper in India. All this lent unprecedented urgency to the question of the transfer of power and the establishment of national gov- ernment(s) in the subcontinent. It was in this situation that the Indian National Congress leadership was released from jail, efforts at mobilisa tion of different sections of the society were actively renewed, large-scale urban demonstrations and rural uprisings occurred, new elections were held and sustained high-level constitutional negotiations took place after 1945. Much of the politics of the previous three or four decades had been about national liberation. It was a serious complication that the call for Indian self-government was now joined by the call for Muslim self- government in a new country to be named Pakistan. Talk of independence was rife. However, while the Congress and those in sympathy with it ex pected the independence of a united India, the Muslim League slogan became 'Pakistan for Independence'. There were two nations in India, it was argued, and the acceptance of the Pakistan demand was the only road to the genuine independence of all Indians, the Muslims in a free Pakistan and the Hindus in a free Hindustan. Yet the idea of Pakistan itself, the proposal for a partition of British India between its Muslim-majority and its Hindu-majority provinces, had not had a long history. -
Directorate General of Audit Customs and Central Excise, C.R. Building, I.P. Estate, New Delhi-110 109
DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF AUDIT CUSTOMS AND CENTRAL EXCISE, C.R. BUILDING, I.P. ESTATE, NEW DELHI-110 109 FAX: 2337-0839 STD: 011 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Name & Designation E-mail Telephone Mahender Singh - 23370075 (O) DG 23379746 (Fax) Ms. V. Usha - 23378709 (O) ADG Ms. Geeta Chhabra - 23370972 (O) Adviser (Cost) Shri Hari Shankar - 23379909 (O) Addl. Dir. Arabinda Dutta - 23379437 (O) AD Delhi Zonal Unit, 6th Floor, Drum Shape Building, I.P. Bhawan, I.P. Estate, New Delhi-110002. Fax. No.23379160 STD : 011 A.K. Mehra - 23370658 (O) ADG Prashant Kumar Jaiswal - 23370812 (O) AD Mumbai Zonal Unit, Room No.111 & 112, 1st Floor, D.D. Building, Old Custom House, Shahid Bhagat Singh Marg, Mumbai - 400 023. Fax: 22624954 STD: 022 K.C. Gupta - 22624952 (O) Pr. ADG 22624953 (Fax) Samita Dolas - 22625046 (O) Addl. Dir. Dilip Tripathy - 22625047 (O) AD Madhubala Sharma - 22625047 (O) AD Uday P. Kulkarni - 22625047 (O) AD Hyderabad Zonal Unit, 92, Avanthinagar, Basheerbagh, Hyderabad - 500 029. E-mail: [email protected] FAX: 2322-8848 EPABX : 23261959 STD: 040 S. Ravi Selvan 23261564 (O) - ADG (Addl. Charge) 44 Name & Designation E-mail Telephone K.V.R.K Bhupala Rao 23261959 (O) - Jt. Dir. T. Pranavanand 23261959 (O) - AD G. Manmohan Reddy 23261959 (O) - AD Chennai Zonal Unit, 18-C, Rukmini Lakshmipathy Road, Rani Meyyammai Hall, III Floor, Egmore, Chennai-600 008. FAX: 2854-8100 E-mail: [email protected] EPABX : 28545662, 5639 STD: - 044 S. Ravi Selvan - 28544454 (O) ADG Sanjay Kumar - 28520021 (O) Jt. -
Militancy and Counter-Militancy Operations: Changing Patterns and Dynamics of Violence in Punjab, 1978 to 1993
65 Satnam Singh Deol: Militancy in Punjab Militancy and Counter-Militancy Operations: Changing Patterns and Dynamics of Violence in Punjab, 1978 to 1993 Satnam Singh Deol Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar _______________________________________________________________ How did the patterns of violence committed by Sikh militants and the state security forces change during different phases of the insurgency from 1978 to 1993 and, most importantly, what explains the difference in these patterns? This study attempts to answer these questions. It argues that this variation in the patterns and dynamics of violence can be explained by changing socio-political circumstances and compulsions during this period. The violence committed by the militants intensified until this violence was eventually delegitimized by the common Sikh masses due to changing dynamics within the militant movement and the nature of its violence. Simultaneously, the violence committed by the state overpowered the militancy only after it was firmly backed by the political regimes in power, including providing de facto legal impunity to the police and security forces for a brutal and controversial counterinsurgency campaign. Thus, this article disaggregates the various phases of violence committed by both the militants and the state from 1978 to 1993, and examines the interrelationship between the forms of violence committed by both sides in the conflict. Important observations emerging from this empirical study are offered in the concluding section. ________________________________________________________________ Introduction and Historical Background The Sikhs, even after being defeated by the British and losing their political control in the north-western region, maintained a unique religious, ethnical and political legacy, which was separate from Hindus in various domains (Singh, 1963; Dhillon, 2006).