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Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Open File Report
RECONNAISSANCE SURFICIAL GEOLOGIC MAPPING OF THE LATE CENOZOIC SEDIMENTS OF THE COLUMBIA BASIN, WASHINGTON by James G. Rigby and Kurt Othberg with contributions from Newell Campbell Larry Hanson Eugene Kiver Dale Stradling Gary Webster Open File Report 79-3 September 1979 State of Washington Department of Natural Resources Division of Geology and Earth Resources Olympia, Washington CONTENTS Introduction Objectives Study Area Regional Setting 1 Mapping Procedure 4 Sample Collection 8 Description of Map Units 8 Pre-Miocene Rocks 8 Columbia River Basalt, Yakima Basalt Subgroup 9 Ellensburg Formation 9 Gravels of the Ancestral Columbia River 13 Ringold Formation 15 Thorp Gravel 17 Gravel of Terrace Remnants 19 Tieton Andesite 23 Palouse Formation and Other Loess Deposits 23 Glacial Deposits 25 Catastrophic Flood Deposits 28 Background and previous work 30 Description and interpretation of flood deposits 35 Distinctive geomorphic features 38 Terraces and other features of undetermined origin 40 Post-Pleistocene Deposits 43 Landslide Deposits 44 Alluvium 45 Alluvial Fan Deposits 45 Older Alluvial Fan Deposits 45 Colluvium 46 Sand Dunes 46 Mirna Mounds and Other Periglacial(?) Patterned Ground 47 Structural Geology 48 Southwest Quadrant 48 Toppenish Ridge 49 Ah tanum Ridge 52 Horse Heaven Hills 52 East Selah Fault 53 Northern Saddle Mountains and Smyrna Bench 54 Selah Butte Area 57 Miscellaneous Areas 58 Northwest Quadrant 58 Kittitas Valley 58 Beebe Terrace Disturbance 59 Winesap Lineament 60 Northeast Quadrant 60 Southeast Quadrant 61 Recommendations 62 Stratigraphy 62 Structure 63 Summary 64 References Cited 66 Appendix A - Tephrochronology and identification of collected datable materials 82 Appendix B - Description of field mapping units 88 Northeast Quadrant 89 Northwest Quadrant 90 Southwest Quadrant 91 Southeast Quadrant 92 ii ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1. -
1922 Elizabeth T
co.rYRIG HT, 192' The Moootainetro !scot1oror,d The MOUNTAINEER VOLUME FIFTEEN Number One D EC E M BER 15, 1 9 2 2 ffiount Adams, ffiount St. Helens and the (!oat Rocks I ncoq)Ora,tecl 1913 Organized 190!i EDITORlAL ST AitF 1922 Elizabeth T. Kirk,vood, Eclttor Margaret W. Hazard, Associate Editor· Fairman B. L�e, Publication Manager Arthur L. Loveless Effie L. Chapman Subsc1·iption Price. $2.00 per year. Annual ·(onl�') Se,·ent�·-Five Cents. Published by The Mountaineers lncorJ,orated Seattle, Washington Enlerecl as second-class matter December 15, 19t0. at the Post Office . at . eattle, "\Yash., under the .-\0t of March 3. 1879. .... I MOUNT ADAMS lllobcl Furrs AND REFLEC'rION POOL .. <§rtttings from Aristibes (. Jhoutribes Author of "ll3ith the <6obs on lltount ®l!!mµus" �. • � J� �·,,. ., .. e,..:,L....._d.L.. F_,,,.... cL.. ��-_, _..__ f.. pt",- 1-� r�._ '-';a_ ..ll.-�· t'� 1- tt.. �ti.. ..._.._....L- -.L.--e-- a';. ��c..L. 41- �. C4v(, � � �·,,-- �JL.,�f w/U. J/,--«---fi:( -A- -tr·�� �, : 'JJ! -, Y .,..._, e� .,...,____,� � � t-..__., ,..._ -u..,·,- .,..,_, ;-:.. � --r J /-e,-i L,J i-.,( '"'; 1..........,.- e..r- ,';z__ /-t.-.--,r� ;.,-.,.....__ � � ..-...,.,-<. ,.,.f--· :tL. ��- ''F.....- ,',L � .,.__ � 'f- f-� --"- ��7 � �. � �;')'... f ><- -a.c__ c/ � r v-f'.fl,'7'71.. I /!,,-e..-,K-// ,l...,"4/YL... t:l,._ c.J.� J..,_-...A 'f ',y-r/� �- lL.. ��•-/IC,/ ,V l j I '/ ;· , CONTENTS i Page Greetings .......................................................................tlristicles }!}, Phoiitricles ........ r The Mount Adams, Mount St. Helens, and the Goat Rocks Outing .......................................... B1/.ith Page Bennett 9 1 Selected References from Preceding Mount Adams and Mount St. -
Periodically Spaced Anticlines of the Columbia Plateau
Geological Society of America Special Paper 239 1989 Periodically spaced anticlines of the Columbia Plateau Thomas R. Watters Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. 20560 ABSTRACT Deformation of the continental flood-basalt in the westernmost portion of the Columbia Plateau has resulted in regularly spaced anticlinal ridges. The periodic nature of the anticlines is characterized by dividing the Yakima fold belt into three domains on the basis of spacings and orientations: (1) the northern domain, made up of the eastern segments of Umtanum Ridge, the Saddle Mountains, and the Frenchman Hills; (2) the central domain, made up of segments of Rattlesnake Ridge, the eastern segments of Horse Heaven Hills, Yakima Ridge, the western segments of Umtanum Ridge, Cleman Mountain, Bethel Ridge, and Manastash Ridge; and (3) the southern domain, made up of Gordon Ridge, the Columbia Hills, the western segment of Horse Heaven Hills, Toppenish Ridge, and Ahtanum Ridge. The northern, central, and southern domains have mean spacings of 19.6,11.6, and 27.6 km, respectively, with a total range of 4 to 36 km and a mean of 20.4 km (n = 203). The basalts are modeled as a multilayer of thin linear elastic plates with frictionless contacts, resting on a mechanically weak elastic substrate of finite thickness, that has buckled at a critical wavelength of folding. Free slip between layers is assumed, based on the presence of thin sedimentary interbeds in the Grande Ronde Basalt separating groups of flows with an average thickness of roughly 280 m. -
2018 Hazard Mitigation Plan Volume 1 Draft
Kittitas County Hazard Mitigation Plan Volume 1: Planning-Area-Wide Elements January 2019 Kittitas County HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN VOLUME 1: PLANNING-AREA-WIDE ELEMENTS JANUARY 2019 Prepared for: Kittitas County 205 West 5th Avenue, Suite 108 Ellensburg, Washington 98926 Prepared by: 8401 Arlington Blvd, Fairfax, VA 22031 Kittitas County Hazard Mitigation Plan; Volume 1—Planning-Area-Wide Elements TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ............................................................................................................ ES-1 PART 1—THE PLANNING PROCESS ................................................................................ 1 Chapter 1. Introduction to the Planning Process.................................................................1-1 1.1 Why Prepare This Plan? ................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1.1 The Big Picture ................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1.2 Local Concerns ................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1.3 Purposes for Planning ......................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Who Will Benefit From This Plan?.................................................................................................. 1-2 1.3 How to Use This Plan ..................................................................................................................... -
AVALANCHE! Yell It Out! by Dave Galvin
AVALANCHE! Yell it out! by Dave Galvin We live and recreate in the corner of the globe (do globes really have corners?) with the largest snowfall on record (world record is held by Mt. Baker Ski Area @1,140 inches or 95 feet in 1998‐‘99, followed by Mt. Rainier ‐ Paradise@1,120 inches or 93 feet in 1971‐’72). Such snow accumulation, especially in big dumps such as happened over the weekend of February 17‐19, 2012, often leads to snow sliding downhill unexpectedly. With often deadly results. Avalanche photo from Wikipedia. Lawine.jpg @ Click on this link: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lawine.jpg . Big Avalanches - YouTube www.youtube.com/watch?v=B0RWLxOFGLY ► 1:54► 1:54 and watch the 2‐minute clip. Turn off the annoying music that accompanies the hair‐raising video (the music implies a “yee‐ha, ride‐‘em” attitude that is disrespectful of those who have died). If your palms don’t sweat by the ending, you don’t have a pulse. Note one thing in the film clip above: how fast that snow was moving. You cannot out‐ski or out‐board the downhill momentum of an avalanche – one’s only hope, once caught, is to get off to the side, or to ride it out while staying near the surface and hope you have helpers nearby. The goal is to not get caught. More about hope below. An avalanche is “a sudden, drastic flow of snow down a slope, occurring when either natural triggers, such as loading from new snow or rain, or artificial triggers, such as snowmobilers, explosives or backcountry skiers, overload the snowpack.”1 Here in the Northwest, we typically have what are called “slab avalanches,” which react to a stress point and result in a whole section of snow (a slab) to break free and start to move downhill. -
Northwest Exposure Winners Revealed!
Winter weekend getaway in Leavenworth A Publication of Washington Trails Association | wta.org Northwest Exposure Winners Revealed! 10 Trails for This Winter State Parks Centennial 2013 Volunteer Vacations Jan+Feb 2013 Jan+Feb 2013 20 16 32 NW Weekend: Leavenworth » Eli Boschetto NW Explorer An alpine holiday is waiting for you on the east side of the Cascades. Snowshoe, ski, take in the annual Ice Fest Northwest Exposure celebration or just relax away from home. » p.20 Congratulations to the winners of WTA's 2012 Northwest Exposure photo contest. Images from across the state— Tales From the Trail » Craig Romano and a calendar for planning hikes too! » center Guidebook author Craig Romano shares insights and lessons learned from years of hiking experience. » p.24 Nordic Washington » Holly Weiler Hit the tracks this winter on Nordic skis. Destinations Epic Trails » Wonderland » Tami Asars across Washington will help you find your ideal escape at Info and tips to help you plan your own hiking adventure some of the best resorts and Sno-Parks. » p.16 on the classic round-the-mountain trail. » p.32 WTA at Work 2013 marks the 100th anniversary of Trail Work » Sarah Rich Washington's state park system. With Bridge-building in the Methow » p.10 more than 700 miles of hiking trails, Engineering Trails » Janice Van Cleve make a plan to visit one this year. » p.8 Turnpikes—what they are and how they're constructed » p.12 Advocacy » Jonathan Guzzo Budget concerns for 2013 » p.14 Youth on Trails » Krista Dooley Snowshoeing with kids » p.15 Trail Mix Gear Closet » Winter camping essentials » p.22 Nature Nook » Tami Asars Birds, beasts and blooms in the NW » p.25 Cape Disappointment, by Jeremy Horton 2 Washington Trails | Jan+Feb 2013 | wta.org Guest Contributors TAMI ASARS is a writer, photographer and career hiker. -
City of Ellensburg Parks & Recreation System Comprehensive Plan Update
City of Ellensburg CITY OF ELLENSBURG PARKS & RECREATION SYSTEM COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE 2016 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Page 1 City of Ellensburg Parks & Recreation System Comprehensive Plan Update 2016 City of Ellensburg PARKS & RECREATION SYSTEM COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE 2016 Page 2 City of Ellensburg Parks & Recreation System Comprehensive Plan Update 2016 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Page 3 City of Ellensburg Parks & Recreation System Comprehensive Plan Update 2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Mayor Rich Elliott City Manager John Akers City Council Jill Scheffer1 Chris Herion Nancy Lillquist David Miller Mary Morgan Bruce Tabb Parks and Recreation Department Brad Case, Director Jodi Hoctor, Supervisor Aquatic and Recreation Diane Starkweather, Department Secretary Dennis Roberts, Coordinator Ellensburg Racquet & Recreation Center (ERRC) Katrina Douglas, Coordinator Adult Activity Center of Ellensburg (AAC) David Hurn Coordinator Youth Programs & Stan Bassett Youth Center (SBYC) Doug Demory, Parks Forman Parks and Recreation Commission Members Joe Sheeran-Chair…………. Term expires: May 31, 2017 Phyllis (PJ) MacPhaiden… Term expires May 31, 2017 Dolores Gonzalez…………. Term expires: May 31, 2018 Jack Frost…………………….. Term expires: May 31, 2018 Michael Burdick………….. Term expires: May 31, 2018 Karen Johnson………….. Term expires: May 31, 2016 Dan Witkowski…………… Term expires May 31, 2016 Prepared by: Arvilla Ohlde/AjO Consulting Robert W. Droll, Landscape Architect, P.S. MIG Inc. Jonathan Pheanis Project Manager 1 Currently serves as City Council Liaison to the Parks and Recreation Commission Page 4 City of Ellensburg Parks & Recreation System Comprehensive Plan Update 2016 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Page 5 City of Ellensburg Parks & Recreation System Comprehensive Plan Update 2016 PREFACE It with great pleasure that we present to you the City of Ellensburg Park, Recreation, and Open Space Plan. -
1967, Al and Frances Randall and Ramona Hammerly
The Mountaineer I L � I The Mountaineer 1968 Cover photo: Mt. Baker from Table Mt. Bob and Ira Spring Entered as second-class matter, April 8, 1922, at Post Office, Seattle, Wash., under the Act of March 3, 1879. Published monthly and semi-monthly during March and April by The Mountaineers, P.O. Box 122, Seattle, Washington, 98111. Clubroom is at 719Y2 Pike Street, Seattle. Subscription price monthly Bulletin and Annual, $5.00 per year. The Mountaineers To explore and study the mountains, forests, and watercourses of the Northwest; To gather into permanent form the history and traditions of this region; To preserve by the encouragement of protective legislation or otherwise the natural beauty of North west America; To make expeditions into these regions m fulfill ment of the above purposes; To encourage a spirit of good fellowship among all lovers of outdoor life. EDITORIAL STAFF Betty Manning, Editor, Geraldine Chybinski, Margaret Fickeisen, Kay Oelhizer, Alice Thorn Material and photographs should be submitted to The Mountaineers, P.O. Box 122, Seattle, Washington 98111, before November 1, 1968, for consideration. Photographs must be 5x7 glossy prints, bearing caption and photographer's name on back. The Mountaineer Climbing Code A climbing party of three is the minimum, unless adequate support is available who have knowledge that the climb is in progress. On crevassed glaciers, two rope teams are recommended. Carry at all times the clothing, food and equipment necessary. Rope up on all exposed places and for all glacier travel. Keep the party together, and obey the leader or majority rule. Never climb beyond your ability and knowledge. -
Winter/Spring
WINTER/SPRING EVERETT PARKS & Guide COMMUNITY SERVICES Follow her lead at the Daddy Daughter Dance, 34 NEW Drop-in water exercise classes, 7 Snowshoe in a world of white, 20 Gear up for sports leagues, 24 Stay active at the Senior Center, 28 JANUARY – APRIL 2019 Registration begins December 3 1 Sunrise at Rotary Park Swift as a spirit hastening to his task Of glory and of good, the Sun sprang forth Rejoicing in his splendour, and the mask Of darkness fell from the awakened Earth —Percy Bysshe Shelley 2 everettwa.gov/parks Register at everettwa.gov/register or call 425-257-8300 ext 2 Contents Registration MAYOR’S MESSAGE...................................4 RECREATION OFFICE Located at Forest Park, 802 E Mukilteo Blvd, Everett, WA 98203 AQUATICS 425-257-8300 ext 2 | Office hours: 9am-5:30pm, M-F Swim Center ....................................... 5-6 Inclement weather hotline: 425-257-8399 Water Exercise / Paddleboard............................ 7 Adult Swim Lessons.................................... 7 REGISTRATION BEGINS DECEMBER 3 Youth Swim Lessons ................................ 8-11 Check, cash, M/C or VISA accepted. Credit and debit cards are always preferred for refund and cancellation purposes. EDUCATION THREE WAYS TO REGISTER Preschool at Forest Park ............................... 12 • Online at everettwa.gov/register Gardening ..........................................12 • Call 425-257-8300 ext 2 • Visit the Recreation Office HEALTH, WELLNESS & FITNESS FIRST DAY OF REGISTRATION Gymnastics..........................................13 • Registration begins online at 7am. Yoga ............................................... 14 • Recreation Office opens early at 8am. Fitness ............................................. 14 • Phone lines open at 9am. Wellness ........................................ 14-15 • For swim lesson registration see Aquatics pages. Tai Chi .............................................15 CANCELLATIONS OUTDOOR • Call 425-257-8300 ext 2 during business hours or email: Walking ........................................... -
Early Life History and Stock Discrimination of Kokanee Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka) in an Alpine Lake Environment
Central Washington University ScholarWorks@CWU All Master's Theses Master's Theses Fall 2020 Early Life History and Stock Discrimination of Kokanee Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in an Alpine Lake Environment Alexandra McCarrel Central Washington University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/etd Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, and the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons Recommended Citation McCarrel, Alexandra, "Early Life History and Stock Discrimination of Kokanee Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in an Alpine Lake Environment" (2020). All Master's Theses. 1434. https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/etd/1434 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Master's Theses at ScholarWorks@CWU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@CWU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EARLY LIFE HISTORY AND STOCK DISCRIMINATION OF KOKANEE SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS NERKA) IN AN ALPINE LAKE ENVIRONMENT __________________________________ A Thesis Presented to The Graduate Faculty Central Washington University ___________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Biology ___________________________________ by Alexandra Ruby McCarrel November 2020 CENTRAL WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY Graduate Studies We hereby approve the thesis of Alexandra Ruby McCarrel Candidate for the degree of Master of Science APPROVED FOR THE GRADUATE FACULTY ______________ -
Best of the Crest
22 » On Trail July + August 2011 » Washington Trails With its sparkling lakes and big vistas, the Goat Rocks earned high marks from PCT hikers. Photo by Doug Diekemma. Best of the Crest HIKE IT» Hikers weigh in on their favorite day hikes and backpacks Shoe Lake on Washington’s Pacific Crest Trail Round Trip Miles: 14 Elevation Gain: 2,600’ Few trails epitomize the phrase “the journey “Don’t think you have to be a thru- is the destination” as well as the Pacific Crest hiker to experience the beauty and Snowgrass Flat Trail. The trail winds 2,650 miles from Mexico solitude of the PCT.” Round Trip Miles: 41 to Canada—from California’s high deserts —Sonya “Sawin’ Ya” Rodgers Elevation Gain: 8,940’ and grand Sierra Nevada, across the volcanic badlands of Oregon, and through the glacier- capped Cascades of Washington. Yet, as many When asked what the most scenic stretch of PCT hikers have proclaimed, “It’s not just about trail is, the majority of our Pacific Crest Trail getting to Canada.” One doesn’t need to take hikers named the Goat Rocks as one of the on the entire trail to experience the wonder most striking areas within the Washington and solitude of hiking this iconic route. There section. The Goat Rocks region is noted for its are plenty of shorter trip options available to rugged volcanic landscape—the remnants of give you a taste of what the PCT is all about. an ancient volcano, now eroded into a series of jagged peaks and knife-edge ridges. -
Chapter 3: the Affected Environment
Chapter 3: The Affected Environment 3.0 THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT 3.0.1 Introduction Chapter 3 – The Affected Environment describes the physical and biological environment (e.g., water resources, wildlife, etc.) as well as the human environment (e.g., social and economic factors, recreation, etc.), which may be affected by the range of alternatives, as described in Chapter 2 - Alternatives. Much of the information on the affected environment is compiled from detailed technical reports and other analyses prepared by the USFS and consultants. Some of these reports are attached to this FEIS as appendices. All reports are available for review as part of the Analysis File maintained for this project at the MBSNF Supervisor’s Office. References cited in this FEIS are provided in Chapter 5 - References. 3.0.2 Analysis Area The “analysis area” (referred to as the “Study Area” throughout this document) varies by resource area. The Study Area includes all public (USFS) lands as well as private land owned by Ski Lifts, Inc. and other land holders. When discussing individual projects within the Study Area, the following terms are used to distinguish the different locations within the SUP: Summit East, Summit Central, and Summit West, are collectively referred to as “The Summit.” Alpental, when discussed individually, is referred to as “Alpental.” All four ski areas are collectively referred to as “The Summit-at-Snoqualmie.” Figure 3.0-1, Study Area illustrates the boundaries of the Study Area, including The Summit and Alpental. Figure 3.0-2, 5th Field Watersheds illustrates the boundaries of the two 5th field watersheds used in this FEIS analysis: the South Fork Snoqualmie River Watershed (S.F.