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MIERCUREA CIUC
MIERCUREA CIUC TOWN HALL
LOCAL AGENDA 21 – LOCAL PLAN FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF MIERCUREA CIUC MUNICIPALITY
MIERCUREA CIUC 2002 2
MUNICIPALITY
UNDP Project ROM 98/012
Copyright © 2002 Miercurea Ciuc City Hall 1 Pi ata Cetatii , Mi recurea Ci uc, 4100 Tel . +40266 17 11 37 Fax: +40266 17 11 65 © 2002 Nati onal Centre for Sustainable Devel opment 15 Alexandru Philippide Street, Bucharest 2, Tel . 201 1410, Fax 201 1402 E-mail : [email protected]
Vi ews expressed in the document belong to the authors, and do not necessari ly reflect the UNDP views. Document issued with the financial support of the United Nations Development Programme, Capacity 21 Programme and the Envi romental Partnership Foundation. Technical experti se provided by the National Centre for Sustainable Development – Romania. Special thanks addressed to the Earth Council Organization – Costa Rica for the technical support provided to the Project “Local Agenda 21”.
P rin ted & De sign ed b y EX CL US srl. 3
MIERCUREA CIUC
LOCAL STEERING COMMITTEE
PAPP ELŐD, Vice-Mayor of Miercurea Ciuc – President of LSC CSEDŐ CSABA ISTVÁN, Mayor of Miercurea Ciuc POTOZKY LÁSZLÓ, Envi ronmental Partnershi p Foundati on - Di rector ANTAL ŞTEFAN, Police of Miercurea Ciuc – Head of Local Police BOGOS ZSOLT , Chamber of Commerce and Industry - President B OKO R MÁ RTO N, Ha rghi ta Cou nt y Ho spi tal - Di re ct o r BURUS-SIKLÓDI BOTOND, Teacher’s Resources Center “Apáczai Csere János” - Director GYÖRGY PIROSKA, Head of Tourinfo Office HECSER ZOLTÁN, Hargita Népe dail y newspaper – Responsible Edi tor KOLUMBÁN GÁBOR, Sapientia University M ICU IOAN, Forestry Departm ent - Di rector SIMON MIHÁLY, Pro Democracy Association SOMAY PÉTER, Environmental Protection Inspectorate– Chief Inspector SZATMÁRI LÁSZLÓ, Town Hall of Miercurea Ciuc – Head of Cul tural Offi ce
NCSD CO-ORDINATORS
Căli n Georgescu – Project Manager George Romanca – Local Area Manager for Giurgiu, Baia Mare, Târgu Mureş, Ploieşti and Miercurea Ciuc pilot cities Radu Vădi neanu – Local Area Manager for Iaşi , Oradea, Râmnicu Vâl cea and Gal aţi pilot cities Valentin Ionescu – Legal Advi sor, Strategy & Planning Coordinator Tani a Mi hu – SDNP Consul tant, Program & Project Coordinator Dan Apostol – Edi torial, Publi shing and Encyclopaedi c Consul tant Carmen Năstase – Envi ronmental Economi cs Special i st Adrian Voinea – IT Specialist
UNDP ROMANIA CO-ORDINATORS
Peter Newton – UNDP Deputy Resident Representative Geneve Mantri – UNDP press Officer
LOCAL AGENDA 21 OFFICE
MARA GYÖNGYVÉR, ecologist FARKAS KINGA, geographer
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION WORKGROUP
DÓSA ESZTER, engi neer MAKFALVI ZOLTÁN, geol ogi st 4
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ECONOMIC RESOURCES WORKGROUP
KASSAY JÁNOS, geographer-economi st BUZOGÁNY CSABA, economi st.
DEMOGRAPHY AND HUMAN RESOURCES WORKGROUP
BÁCS BÉLA JÁNOS, soci al -pedagogue DEMETER GYÖNGYVÉR, sociologist
CULTURE AND EDUCATION WORKGROUP
ANTAL ATTILA, psychologi st KÁNYA JÓZSEF, historian FERENCZ ANGÉLA, ethnographer
The team of the Local Strategy would like to express its gratefulness to everybody who have helped us with the necessary data for the development plan, fi rst of all the members of the Local Steering Committee and the foll owing persons and institutions:
BARTHA ÉVA – County Department for Child’s Rights Protection BUSTYA ATTILA – Publ ic Heal th Di rectorate GHINESCU GHEORGHE – Harghita County Agency for Labour Force’s Occupancy COL. FERŢU GELU – Penitentiary of Miercurea Ciuc FIKÓ CSABA – County Department for Di sabled Peopl e HARALAMBIE TRANDAFIR – County Direction of Statistics KÁLMÁN UNGVÁRI ZSÓFIA – Harghita County School Inspectorate 5
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CONTENTS
I.5 .1. Education and learning ...... 34 Foreword by UNDP Resident Representative in Romania...... 7 I.5 .2. Culture and art...... 37 I.5.2.1. Culture institutions of the city ...... 38 I.5.2.2. Buildi ngs housing culture institutions ...... 39 Foreword by the Mayor of Miercurea Ciuc I.5.2.3. Fine art and galleries ...... 39 Municipality...... 9 I.5.2.4. Music ...... 39 I.5.2.5. Publishing Hous es ...... 39 I. THE STRATEGY FOR SUSTAINABLE I.5.2.6. Media...... 39 I.5.2.7. Foundations, c ultural associations ...... 40 DEVELOPMENT...... 11 I.5. 2.8. Famous cult ural events taki ng place in Miercurea I.1 . EVALUATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES...... 11 Ciuc...... 40 I.5.2.9. Religious celebrati on ...... 40 I.1.1. Local geography ...... 11 I.5.3. Sport and leisure ...... 40 I.1 .2. Natural environmen t...... 11 GENERAL REMARKS...... 41 I.2 . BUILT-IN AREA...... 12 I.2 .1. In frastructure ...... 12 II. OBJECTIVES...... 43 I.2 .2. Construction, land ...... 13 GENERAL OBJECTIVES...... 43 I.2.3. Green areas ...... 14 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES...... 46 I.2 .4. Public sanitation services...... 15 II.1. NATURAL RESOURCES...... 46 I.2.5. Environmental components ...... 16 I.2.5.1. Water – (as of 2000) ...... 16 II.1.1 . Natural environment...... 46 I.2.5.2. Air – (as of 2000) ...... 17 II.2. BUILT-IN ENVIRONMENT...... 46 I.2.5.3. Noise ...... 18 II.2.1 . Infrastructure ...... 46 I.3. ASSESSMENT OF ECONOMIC II.2.2 . Construction, land ...... 47 RESOURCES...... 18 II.2.3 . Green areas ...... 47 I.3.1. Economic situation...... 18 II.2.4 . Public sanita tion services...... 47 I.3.2. Main economic activities...... 20 I.3.2.1. Agriculture, forestr y...... 20 II.2.5. Environmental components...... 47 I.3.2.2. Industr y ...... 22 II.2.5.1 Water ...... 47 I.3.2.3. Commerce...... 23 II.2.5.2. Air ...... 47 I.3.2.4. Ser vices ...... 23 II.2.5.3. Noise ...... 48 I.3.3. Analysis of fields of activity by turnover and II.3. ECONOMIC RESOURCES...... 48 profit...... 23 II.3.1. Economic situation ...... 48 I.3.4. Labour structure...... 24 II.3.2 Main economic activities...... 48 I.4. ASSESSMENT OF SOCIAL AND HUMAN II.3.2.1. Agriculture, fores try...... 48 RESOURCES...... 26 II.4. HUMAN RESOURCES...... 49 I.4.1. Demography and public health ...... 26 II.4.1. Demography and public health ...... 49 I.4.1.1. Popul ation...... 26 II.4.2 . Social insti tutions ...... 49 I.4.1.2. Natural movement of the popul ation ...... 26 I.4.1.3. Migration...... 26 II.4.3. Religious Oragnizations...... 49 I.4.1.4. Labour forc e and s ocial protec tion ...... 28 II.4.4 . Civil society ...... 49 I.4.1.5. Public health...... 30 II.4.5 . Rroma ...... 50 I.4 .2. Social institu tions...... 31 II.4.6 . Public safe ty...... 50 I.4.3. Religious organizations...... 32 II.5. EDUCATION, CULTURE, LEISURE...... 50 I.4 .4. Civil society...... 32 II.5.1. Education and training ...... 50 I.4 .5. The Rroma ...... 33 II.5.2. Culture and art ...... 50 I.4 .6. Public safety and social concord...... 33 II.5.3 . Spor t and leisure ...... 51 I.5 . EVALUATION OF THE EDUCATION, CULTURE AND LEISURE SYSTEM...... 34 6
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III. LOCAL ACTION PLAN...... 53 IV. PRIORITY PROJECTS (PP) III.1. GENERAL OBJECTIVES...... 53 PERTAINING TO LA21 FOR THE PERIOD 2002 – 2012...... 72 III.2. STRENGTHENING THE CAPACITY OF THE MIERCUREA CIUC MAYORALTY...... 53 IV.1. EXTENSION AND MODERNIZATION OF III.2.1. Human Resources Management ...... 53 THE USED WATER COLECTING AND III.2.1.1. Impr ovement of the professional training level ...... 53 TREATMENT SYSTEM IN THE TOWN OF III.2.1.2. Efficient Use of Human Res ources ...... 53 MIERCUREA CIUC...... 72 III.2.1.3. Increasi ng professi onal responsibility and independence...... 53 IV.2. DESIGNING AND BUILINDG A SPORTS CENTER...... 73 III.2.2. Coordination Units ...... 54 III.2.2.1. Impr ovement of personnel and management IV.3. ACHIEVEMENT OF AN INFORMATION policies ...... 54 TECHNOLOGY PARK...... 73 III.2.3. Legislation and Regulations – Institutional IV.4 . SCIENTISTS' HOUSE ...... 74 Compatibility with EU ...... 54 III.2.4. Stra tegies, Policies, Plans ...... 54 IV.5 . MODERNIZATION OF THE WOOD III.2.4.1. Fundamental changing of the relations between PROCESSING INDUSTRY...... 75 the administrati on and the citiz ens ...... 54 IV.6 . INRODUCTION OF INNOVATIONS IN THE III.2.4.2. Devising a s ystem of monitoring public ser vice quality ...... 54 WOOD PROCESSING AND FOOD INDUSTRY...... 76 III.2.5. Financial Matters...... 54 III.2.5.1. A more efficient management of public funds ...... 54 IV.7 . DIVERSIFICATION OF DIARY PRODUCTS...... 77 III.2.5.2. Increas e of inc omes by attracting non- reimburs able financing proj ects and programs ...... 54 IV.8. ESTABLISHING OF A SLAUGHTER- III.2.5.3. Efficient income spending...... 54 HOUSE IN MIERCUREA CIUC...... 79 III.2.6. Information Management...... 54 IV.9 . "CONSENS M III" FREE UNIVERSITY...... 79 III.2.6.1. Correlation and integration of the institution data basis...... 54 IV.10 . CAREER CENTER...... 81 III.2.6.2. Evaluation of the software needs...... 54 IV.11 . LIVE MUSEUM - CAPITALIZATION OF III.3. FINANCIAL FORECAST...... 54 THE LOCAL ART COLLECTIONS...... 82 III.4. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES AND IDENTIFIED IV.12 . CONSTRUCTION OF A SWIMMING POOL ...... 83 PROJECTS...... 58 IV.13. ASSURANCE OF THE ACCESS OF III.4.1. Natural Environments and Constructions ...... 58 PHYSICALLY DISABLED PERSONS TO III.4.2. Economic Resources...... 60 PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS BUILDINGS...... 84 III.4.3. Social and human resources...... 64 IV.14 . OLD PEOPLE' S HOME ...... 85 III.4.4. Education and Training...... 66 IV.15. GANIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF III.4.5. Culture ...... 67 THE RECREATION AREAS ªUTA, BÃILE III.5. INSTITUTIONAL MONITORING AND JIGODIN, BÃILE MIERCUREA CIUC, EVALUATION STRUCTURES...... 68 ªUMULEU UTILIZATION OF THE MEDICINAL WATERS RESOURCES...... 85 III.6. ANNEXES...... 68 IV.16. DELIMITATION OF THE RECREATION AND TOURISM AREAS IN MIERCUREA CIUC...... 86 IV.17 . ORGANIZATION OF THE TOURISM CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION "TOURISM 2002-2007"...... 87
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Foreword by UNDP Resident Representative in Romania
Local Agenda 21 (LA21) was devel oped and adopted at the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janei ro in 1992, as a vehi cl e for promoti ng sustai nabl e development. LA 21 promotes and seeks to stri ke a deli cate balance between economi c growth, social equi ty and envi ronmental protection. The concept of sustai nabl e development cal l s for a constant re-eval uation of the relationship between man and nature, and solidarity between generations, as the only viabl e option for long-term development. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Offi ce in Romania acti vel y promotes sustai nabl e devel opment through i ts support of the project “Buil ding Local Capaci ty to Implement the Local Agenda 21 in Romania”. The project i s currentl y being impl emented in nine pil ot ci ties under the coordination of the National Centre for Sustainable Devel opment. Thi s has been a unique participatory process, galvani zing the energy of citi zens, businesses, academi cs, NGOs, and local authorities. They all rose to the challenge and their collective efforts have produced this document. This report grew from local needs and ideas, and the product i s a testament to thei r efforts, thei r energy and thei r enthusiasm. Whether i t was by gi vi ng information, offering techni cal assi stance or through thei r parti cipati on, the whole community h a s mad e an eno rm ou s co ntribu tio n to i ts su cce ss. The result has been a coherent strategy wi th a concrete action and implementati on plan. Both offer a practi cal guarantee that the project can meet the needs of the community and represents an important contributi on to sustainable devel opment in Romania. I congratul ate and thank all those who have contributed to its success.
Soknan Han Jung UNDP Resident Representative UN Resident Coordinator
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Foreword by the Mayor of Miercurea Ciuc Municipality
a Local Steering Committee, consisting of I am very pleased to welcome you in the name of the re p re sen ta ti ve s o f th e ci vil so cie ty, of some i n sti tu tion s local public administration and of the Secretariat of and of the mass media representatives of Miercurea- “Local Agenda 21” from Miercurea-Ci uc. Ciuc. The committee is coordinated by the Vice-Mayor of the municipali ty, Mr. El őd Papp. At the same time The Romanian office of the United Nations working groups have been formed, which were made Devel opment Program (UNDP) started financi ng up by local specialists and a Secretariat of “Local “Local Agenda 21” in March 2000. The project i s Agenda 21”. The coordinators of these groups are Ms. addressed to the local public administrations and Gyöngyver Mara and Ms. Farkas Ki nga. applied in nine pilot-towns i n Romani a, includi ng Miercurea Ciuc. The document has the technical and informational support of numerous local governmental, non- “Local Agenda 21” i s a sustai nabl e development pl an governmental and research institutions, as well as the on a local level, which was initiated for the first time in su p po rt of th e lo cal un ive rsity ne two rk. T he su cce ss o f 1992 at Ri o de Janei ro for the Uni ted Nations the Local Strategy as well as that of the ulterior Conference for Envi ronment and Development. “Local documents of “Local Agenda 21” are condi tioned upon Agenda 21” promotes the principl es of sustainable the large participation and consultation of the civil development on local level administrations and is so cie ty o n a l ocal le vel . applied in more than 3000 cities of Europe. The success of the project depends upon the parti cipati on The municipal government and the Secretariat of of local community and the promotion of the “Local Agenda 21” would li ke to thank everybody who decentrali zed development. At the same time i t offers contributed to the elaborati on of the fi rst versi on of the an integrated approach of social , economi c problems Local Strategy, first of all for the support of the and envi ronmental i ssues. Its impl ementation must National Centre for Sustai nabl e Development and adhere to objectives, policies and activities, that everybody who will take part at the finalization of the support the growth of welfare and the development of Devel opment Plan. the local community. The existence of the project “Local Agenda 21” is a “Local Agenda 21” i s coordinated by UNDP and the very important sign of the efforts of the Muni cipality National Centre for Sustai nabl e Devel opment in Miercurea-Ciuc, and practically of Romania to adhere Bucharest, which is responsible for the organization, to the internati onal structures allowi ng the optimal monitoring and consulting activity of this project across dimensions of development of our community on a the country. medium or long term. “Local Agenda 21”, that i s to say the Devel opment Pl an of the Muni cipality i s to be fini shed in November 2002 and will consist of three documents: Local Strategy, Local Acti on Pl an and Priority Projects. For carryi ng out “Local Agenda 21” the munici pal Dr. Csaba István Csedő government of the Municipality Miercurea-Ciuc and the Envi ronmental Partnership Foundation have set up Mayor 10
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11
MIERCUREA CIUC I. THE STRATEGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
I.1. EVALUATION OF NATURAL east of the city (8 ha), has been arranged for sports and a complex of lakes for sport fishing in the western RESOURCES parts of the city. Miercurea Ciuc was i ndi rectl y menti oned for the fi rst time in a deed dated 1427 and i ssued by the Hungarian King Zsigmond de Luxembourg. In 1558 i t was exempted from taxes being considered a town I.1.1. Local geography (oppidium). Ci ty’s hi storical and geographi cal l ocati on have changed dramati call y throughout the 544 years: a town belonging to the Hungarian Royalty, a part of Miercurea Ciuc is located in the Carpathian Basin the T ransyl vani an Principali ty, then 200 years within (Ciuc intra-mountain basin) and i s surrounded by the the Habsburg Monarchy, 52 years in the Austro- Oriental Carpathians. Hungarian Monarchy and in 1920 a town of the The south-eastern part of Transylvania is Romanian Ki ngdom. characterized by the mountains in the west of the Ciuc Miercurea Ciuc was the centre of the Szekler Region, Depression – the volcanic mountains Harghita and in became the capi tal of the Ci uc County and after 1968, the eastern part – the flish of the Ciuc Mountains. of the Harghita County (Muni ci pali ty since 1972). Miercurea Ciuc is situated on 46o 21’ North latitude and 25o 48’ East longitude at an average height of 656 m. The Ciuc Depressi on offers a unique landscape, a depressi on-mountai n contact zone with the Ol t I.1.2. Natural environment waterway riverbed on the depressi on longi tudi nal axi s. Miercurea Ciuc is the capi tal of the Harghita County, Mi ercurea Ci uc has a varied geological structure, 272 km from Bucharest, 101 km from Braşov, 162 km with important natural resources. There are mineral from Târgu Mureş, 267 km from Cluj Napoca and 413 springs and a 200 ha peat bog in the city. Both km from Oradea. It has direct railway links to deposi ts of kaoli n rocks i n Harghi ta Bai and andesites Bucharest, Brasov, Satu Mare, Baia Mare, Mangalia, are worked. In accordance with the Decision No: 13/ Iasi and other important ci ties in the country. 1995 i ssued by the Harghi ta County Council , the park The climate of the ci ty is typi call y sub-mountai nous (of in Piata Cetatii (Citadel Square) is stated as a an intra-mountain depression) with extreme dendrologi cal park. The former holm of the Ol t river, temperatures up to – 35o and an annual average of re sp e cti vel y th e adja cen t fo re sts sh el te r num e rou s 150 frosty days. The annual average temperature is protected invertebrate rare species (phyl opod/ 5,9o C, re spe cti vel y 4 o C l ower than the national cru sta cean sp eci e s, the so -calle d living fo ssil s), annual average. The rainfall amount varies between amphibians (red mountain frog, marsh frog, brown 600 and 800 mm and i s unevenl y spread out. toad, salamander, Carpathian triton, mountain triton), repti les (wall li zard, mountai n li zard, adder, hazel -nut snake), birds (white stork, small blatant eagle, plovers, The city i s si tuated i n the hydrographi cal basin of the common small snipe, woodcock, capercaillie, hazel Olt river. The depression however has well developed hen, different species of wood-peckers, etc.) and meanders i n spi te of the fact that it forms the upper mammals (brown bear, lynx, wolf, Carpathian stag, part of the river due to a slight depression of the river wild boar, etc.). From among the whole range of plant before regularization. The Suta lake, located to the 12
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species we should mention the motl ey tuli p, spurge Due to the regularization works and inadequate ol ive, etc. functioni ng of the draining system, the wetl ands At present there i s one protected area in Miercurea situated in the Olt meadow were degraded. Every year Ciuc with an approximately 1 ha territory, a wetland fi res destroy tens of hectares with val uabl e peat si tuated in former holm of the Ol t river. reserves.
Strong points Weak points Natural available environment for both rest and leisure No protected areas on the administrative municipal territory Abundance in mineral waters - favourable opportunities for Small bioactive areas in the city inefficiently managed tourism and industry Opportunities for peat bog exploitation Natural resources are inadequately exploited
I.2. BUILT-IN AREA The drainage system is 49,9 km long and serves 75% of the city. The lack of a centralized sewerage network in some parts of the city has led to both soil and underground water pollution. The interference between the domestic and pluvial sewerage causes a hi gher residual water amount which is to reach the I.2.1. Infrastructure cleaning stati on. On the other hand, wastewaters directly reach the emissary (Olt river). Drinking water supply: the d rin ki ng wa te r su ppl y Heating system: the heating in the resi dential areas system of the city runs for f 72,3 km, and provides is provided by block heating stations. They all run on methane gas wi th an output of 88-92%. The specifi c drinking water for 74,5% of the Municipality’s 3 popul ati on. The rest of 25,5% secures drinking water consumption of the heating stations is 140 m .gas/ from individual well s. The centrali zed network supplies Gcal. The gas network is 52,5 km long and the gas an annual volume of water of 4 489 000 m 3, i.e. 132 consumption of the city is estimated at about 70.000 m3/ inhabitant. Thi s amount of drinking water comes m3/ year. from underground sources (the 17 well s in the Olt’s Traffic: Muni ci pali ty’s road network comprises 120 Meadow), respectively from a surface source streets wi th a total length of 70,1 km; the total carriage (accumulation lake situated on the Frumoasa Brook). surface is 50.375 m2 with sidewalks having a total 2 Network technical status: from the total pipe length of surface of 16.145 m . The asphal t roads mean 56%, 72,3 km, 30, 4 km were changed wi thi n the period concrete ones 15% and gravel tracks 29%. 1995-2001. The remaining 41,9 km are seriously worn Technically they are as follows very good – 0,5%, out and should urgentl y be rehabili tated. The good – 4,3%, sati sfactory – 38,2%, bad – 40,8%, estimated loss on the drinking water network is 37%. cri ti cal – 11,6%. regardi ng the sidewal ks, 2680 m were The value of all fi xings made in 2001 i s 27 600 Euro. modernized over the last three years. The parking situation is quite poor. The existing 814 parking places Dome s ti c and pl uv ia l se we ra ge : the domesti c are insufficient for the current traffic needs. The sewerage i s 41,4 km long and serves 60% of the western part of the city is crossed by the railway popul ati on. The remaining households have private Brasov – Ciceu. septic tanks and emptying pools). Of the total number of domesti c sewerage pipes, 8-10 km are seriousl y Telephones: 11,511 persons and 1,061 companies worn out and need to be replaced enti rel y. The have concluded contracts with ROMTELECOM Phone resi dual water is taken out by the city cl eani ng stati on Company. Regardi ng the mobile phone system, the wi th a designed capacity of 350 l/s. The appli ed Municipality’s area is covered by the antennas of four capaci ty and technol ogy at the cleaning station are companies (CONNEX, DIALOG, COSMOROM , outdated, a reason why i ts moderni zation and ZAPP). extension are necessary. 13
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Electric power: the el ectric power suppl y i s provided wi thout domesti c sewerage they use local solutions for by the national network through three power plants. drainage of wastewater. The heating suppl y system by the block heati ng Conclusions: stati ons runs in good condi tion, a very important aspect in the ci ty li fe as winter time i s qui te l ong in thi s Munici pali ty’s domesti c water suppl y system overall is area. satisfactory. The water quality is considered to be The road surface is satisfactory, but is a reason why above the nati onal average. An increasing percentage permanent renovation is often needed. of the popul ati on i s served. The regi stered losses are being graduall y eliminated by annual overhaul s but all The phone system i s working properly. The tel ephone thi s wo rk me an s high co sts. exchange has been recentl y updated and ful fil s the current needs of the city. The dome stic se we rag e system co ve rs a smal le r area than the drinking water supply system. In the zones The electric power suppl y network serves the enti re popul ati on of the city and is qui te effecti ve
Strong points Weak points Most of the households are connected to the centralized water system - meaning sewerage. There are local solutions The drinking water supply and sewerage network do not (well water, empty ing pools and dry pits) in the areas serve the entire population of the city. without such fittings. In some areas, the drinking water supply does not have a The drinking water is of good quality. wastewater collecting system.
The amount of available drinking water meets the city ’s Interference between domestic and pluvial sewerage. needs There are elaborate projects for building the sewerage in the areas Toplita and Sumuleu and for upgrading the Low efficiency of the cleaning station. cleaning station. All heating stations run on methane gas and are equipped Low pressure of the methane gas during wintertime when with high output burners low temperatures occur. The road network is insufficient, incomplete, pedestrian and The electric power supply covers the entire city designated motorised traffic width does not apply the standards and the area and its technical status is satisfactory. sideways need reparations. We are on the top of the country’s places regarding both In some situations the heavy traffic crosses residential quality and phone system covering. areas There are parking spaces covered by metal garages.
I.2.2. Construction, land the city have a PLO up to 36% and a CLU up to 1,7- 3,96. Their status is good and satisfactory, except the western industrial area where some of the dwellings The Muni cipal ity’s includes 15,364 dwell ings of whi ch are in an advanced state of decay. According to the 12,164 are bl ocks of fl ats (ground floor + 3, ground general Muni cipali ty’s urban planni ng department, the floor + 10 floors), the remaini ng 3,300 bei ng private built-up area has extended towards the East wi th the dwellings. Most of them are situated in the suburbs possibility of enlarging the residential area in this and single storey, or two storey. The percentage of lot direction. The areas for holiday houses are located in occupancy (PLO) is up to 3.5%. The coefficient of lot Băile Ji godi n, Szecseny and Harghita Băi. T he old utilization (CLU) is between 0.03 – 0.07. The collective buildings keeping the former aspect of the city are dwelling areas have in general a PLO up to 22% and a gi ven in the li st attached including monuments and CLU up to 1,1 but the ones situated in the middle of architectural ensembles. Most of both monuments and 14
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memorial houses are in a poor maintenance condition Land categories and need consolidation works as well as restoration.
After the social and economi c changes within the last 12 years, several religious organizations have had the 165 506 54 27 Plough-land possibility to build up their own new places as well as other buil dings where they run thei r acti vi ty thus Woodland bringi ng thei r contribution to the renewal of the Water Munici pali ty’s urban landscape such the Roman- 489 612 Roads Cathol ic Church “St. Augustus”, Reformed Church, Constructions Lutheran Centre, Study House “Jakab Antal” and the Unproductive Roman-Catholi c Church designed by the well -known architect Makaovecz Imre. Conclusions: The whole administrative surface of the Miercurea Ciuc Muni ci pali ty i s 11,766 ha. Land categories are The condi tions of dwel lings i s generall y good. Some represented in the graphic below (see graph). monuments and architectural ensembles need restoration and consolidation works.
Strong points Weak points Most dwellings are priv ate properties. The component places have a half -urban aspect. The large number of monuments and architectural There are holiday houses built without authorization. ensembles. According to the Land Law, most of the agricultural lots The residential areas lack playgrounds and the existing hav e been given back to the rightful owners. ones are in a poor condition. After the drainage works were completed within the In the last 3 years, the City Hall spent 270 mil. Lei to build Racu-Jigodin system, the level of surf ace (phreatic) water play grounds. This policy will be continued in the future. has been reduced thus encouraging the self-lighting conditions of peat during summertime. There is an artif icial ice-skating rink. There is a Municipal f ootball stadium including mini-f ootball
pitches.
I.2.3. Green areas The leisure areas are the following: Municipality Stadium - 4,01 ha, “Hamerock” swi mming poll - 3,37 Mi ercurea Ci uc Municipali ty i s located i n an ha, Băile Jigodin - 12,6 ha, Băile Miercurea Ciuc - 4,36 outstanding area surrounded by mountains wi th ha, “Şuta” leisure area - 28,3 ha, “Floare de Colţ” sp ru ce fi r fo re sts. Th e lo cal b uil t-up a rea i ncl ude s leisure area - 0,4 ha, “Şumuleu” wal king area - 30 ha, parks with a total surface of 5,72 ha. a total of 82,3 ha.
Strong points Weak points The green surf ace of both parks and sport complexes is Existence of all parks in the Municipality’s central area; below the suitable level for the city population and not is concentrated in certain areas. Existence of mineral water-swimming pools; The esthetical value of some green areas is not appropriate. Şuta” leisure area with accumulation lake; Some of the leisure areas need to be redesigned There is a need f or more green space. to alignments are Existing projects f or a future dendrological park. totally missing.
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I.2.4. Public sanitation services The resulting waste after building works, demolitionsand excavated soil are carried to the city waste centre and used as a cover. The toxic residues In resi dential areas garbage i s collected in 4 m 3 are not stored on the city platform. hospital wastes containers put in special places. These containers are incl uding the similar ones coming from all munici pal the property of the SC CSIK CAR SRL and are rented heal th uni ts are burned in the own crematory of the by local associations. The residents of private houses County Hospital. coll ect the garbage in thei r own containers. T he transport of domestic offals to the city dump is All recycling of waste in Miercurea Ciuc are by SC provided by a specialized company. The transport REMAT SA. Thi s company recei ves the foll owi ng program is as follows: from blocks of flats – every two ki nds of waste from peopl e and companies: paper days and from private houses – once a week. (477 t/ year), plastics (5 t/ year), metals (7000 t/ year), storage batteries (185 t/ year). Now, the company The resulting offals from office and trade activities are does not recei ve bottl es, textiles, oil s and paints, used al so transported by speciali zed compani es to the city ti re s an ymo re. dump on a contractual basis. The domestic garbage and all offal s in 2000 transported to the ci ty platform domestic wastes and those assimilated with these equall ed 16,750 t. ones are stored on the city platform. This is a non- arranged storage place, it covers a surface of about 2 Both cl eani ng and watering of roads, emptyi ng of ha, belongs to the muni cipal City Hall and is managed street baskets, gathering of dead animals are the duty by SC GOSCOM SA. of SC HURON SRL based on a contract concluded with the City Hall – Miercurea Ciuc. The 18 wood processi ng units have an annual production of about 5000 m 3 sawdust. All the cleaning activities of the “Talcioc” and “Obor” streets, municipal suburb, parks and “Harghita Băi” area are by the “Miercurea Ciuc” peni tenti ary. The Conclusions: mai ntenance of all parks and green zones on the Municipality’s surface is done by the Flowery City’s sanitation service is organized, works and is Production and Maintenance of Parks and Green provided by speci ali zed companies. All domesti c Spaces Section within the municipal City Hall. From a wastes are transported to the city platform. The total surface of 97,016 m2 green zones, 73,269 m 2 are sani tation of roads, parks, markets and squares is lawns and grass areas, 23,107 m2 are flowerbeds and assured by the Ci ty Hall . flower rows and 640 m2 are hedges. The mown grass is used as fodder for the horses.
Strong points Weak points The sanitation service is well organized and competences The landf ill is not arranged properly distributed. The f easibility study regarding city platform upgrading has The city does not have its own working dry pit and a store been drawn up. place f or dangerous wastes. There are specialized sanitation companies and therefore a The selective waste collecting is not organized certain concurrence has started. The NGOs are quite activ e as to waste collecting. Uncontrolled landf ills Uncontrolled sawdust deposits
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MUNICIPALITY
I.2.5. Environmental components Underground waters: The area underground has important reserves of drinking water, situated in the Olt ri ver meadow area, currentl y exploi ted for providing the popul ati on’s drinking water supply, I.2.5.1. Water – (as of 2000) meaning about. 50 % of the muni cipal water needs. Very well known are mineral carbogaseous waters reserves at Băile Jigodin, Băil e Mi ercurea Ci uc, Surface waters: the main waterway crossi ng Şumuleu spring, Topliţa Ciuc drilling, as well as the Miercurea Ciuc is the Olt river which is also the sources in the Harghita Băi area. Based on results in du strial wate r sou rce fo r th e We st and Ea st (fo r achieved after analysing the wells and hydro- those i ndustrial units wi thout any need in drinking geological drillings, it comes up that the underground water for thei r technol ogi cal processes). The Ol t river phreati c waters are pol luted, mostl y in the waste dump receives some tributaries such as the Fitod brook of Miercurea Ci uc. where the “Suta” lei sure lake has been arranged and the Techera brook whi ch suppli es several ponds on The evolution in quality of law and middle depth the Olt right bank next to Baile Miercurea Ciuc. The underground waters is unknown due to the fact that surface water source to assure the drinking water there are not any observation drillings within water- supply of the Municipality is the accumulation dam in catchments front. Frumoasa situated at about 10 km out of the ci ty. Thi s Sources of underground drinking and mineral water provides about 50 % of the necessary amount of good have no stri ct limi ted areas of hydro-geol ogi cal quali ty drinking water. protection, excepting the Băile Jigo din sou rce . The water quality of the Olt river is influenced by Wastewaters: The availabl e sewerage serving the pollution with upstream metals coming from the Băl an popul ati on i n Miercurea Ciuc i s 60 %. The parts industrial area. The municipal course of the river is Jigodin, Şumuleu and Topli ţa Ciuc lack any kind of affected by organic substances resulted from se we rage system . insuffi cientl y cleaned wastewaters. An addi tional pollution is represented by all wastewaters over flown The domestic and by faeces polluted wastewaters of into the Ol t tributari es, Şumuleu and Fi tod brooks, as the muni cipality are cleaned together with the well as the overflows of wastewaters into the Olt river industrial wastewaters at the munici pal cleani ng through the pluvi al sewerage system. stati on managed by S.C. Goscom S.A. From biol ogi c point of view, the quality of the Olt ri ver The stati on cl eani ng degree i s 64,5 % for organi c i s good upstream Miercurea Ciuc, a fact demonstrated substances and 55,5 % for suspensions; therefore an by the biocoenosi s includi ng sensi ti ve water speci es. improvement in the cleaning process and new These resul ts have settled the “C” cleaning degree technologi es are needed. that is 100 %. But due to those waters resulted from The industrial wastewaters resulted from S.C. the cleaning station, the composition of the river Nemetali fere S.A. are processed in the two cleani ng bi ocoenosis negativel y changes. stations located in Miercurea Ciuc and Harghita Băi. The inadequate drainage of surface waters The data regarding the three cl eaning stations of transformed the lands situated upstream the railway in Miercurea Ciuc are shown in the following table. marsh areas, in the northern part of the city, quite close to the buil t zone.
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Treatment plant Waste water quality As Mud Upgrading, Wastewater Year of compared Treatment modern. Locality Company charact. Capacity Supply Treatment treatm ent Technical Recipient Exceeding degree - % functioning to the programs cm/day cm/day technology and starting condition quantities depositing admissible limit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Mechan ical House hol d step, Physical S.C. 1975 l ines I CBO5 Devel opi ng Miercurea waters biol ogic al Dehydr ation GOSCOM 3024 0 2250 0 and II; 1982 and mora l R. Olt Above lim it suspens ions 64,5 55,5 modern isatio n Ciuc industri al step, mud storage S.A. line III. wear of NH4 project waters fermentation line (meth ane the plants tank) S.C. Mechan ical, Physical NEMETAL Industrial chemica l, 1728 274 Decantati on wear of R. Olt Above lim it Sulph ates IFERE waters decantati on the plants S.A. pond Villa ge S.C. Mechan ical, Hargh ita NEMETAL Industrial chemica l, Băi- 4320 400 Decantati on 1960-196 4 Good Pr. Chirui Above limit Suspens ions IFERE waters decantati on Miercurea S.A. pond Ciuc
Strong points Weak points Hy drographical network with high density Mineral waters are currently used for leisure reasons only Olt River which provides the industrial water of the city The mof ette at Harghita Băi is poorly equipped Olt’s tributaries enable the development of specif ic The mineral water reserv es located on the territory of the arrangements such as leisure lakes and ponds municipality are not protected. The underground in M-Ciuc has gathered an important The water catchments in Şumuleu, Băile Mierc urea C iuc , reserv e of drinking water which substantially contributes to Harghita Băi (including mofette) lack sanitary and hydro- the necessary water supply of the city geological protection. Important reserv es in bottled mineral and medicinal water Reserv es of medicinal water in Jigodin Băi, Harghita Băi and located on the territory of the Municipality Miercurea Ciuc are not used according to the possibilities Olt riv er cannot be used as a source of drinking water
Conclusions: Excesi ve level s of suspended partical s and sediments has al so been noti ced. Water might be the most important natural potential of the municipality. It can provide the development of water supply for the population and i ndustry and The main sources of poll uti on are the regional heati ng serves as a raw material for branches of the food stations and industrial units., The main industrial industry (beer factory, bottled mineral water factory), processes being the processi ng of asphal t mixtures, and represents an important source for tourism, gas stations and road traffic means. The lack of leisure. measurements in polluting emissions does not allow an evaluation regarding the contribution of polluting sources on ai r quali ty in Mi ercurea Ci uc. I.2.5.2. Air – (as of 2000) The Municipali ty does not possess enough Both concentrations of sulphur dioxide and roundabout ways, and the heavy traffic goes through nitrogenous dioxide are under the limits foreseen by city. EU directive.
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MUNICIPALITY
Strong points Weak points The most polluting substances, sulphur dioxide de and The air conditions, the high frequency of atmospheric calm nitrogenous dioxide are to be found in the air, under the and thermal inversions do not favour the elimination of limits f oreseen by the EU directive. atmospheric pollutants through the natural circulation of the air and, as a consequence, the atmospheric pollutants may persist a longer period of time in the city atmosphere. The content in heavy metals of the sedimentary powders
respect the allowed limits. The heavy polluting industrial branches such as the chemical industry are missing and the activ ity of the
metallurgic industry (f oundry), as a polluting source, has been reduced
I.2.5.3. Noise crossroads, industrial area as well as railway and motor coach stations, as the highest levels were In the year 2000, the noi se poll uti on has been between 3-11 dB(A) in comparison with the equivalent insignificant in term of the levels allowed at the main al lowed noi se l evel.
Strong points Weak points The ov ercrowded traffic in the central municipal zone, The residential areas are located at a proper distance to the including both heavy traffic and under dimensioned industrial areas and therefore, the phonic polluting traff ic roads are the main reasons of outrunning the noise effect on population is not significant. lev els.
I.3. ASSESSMENT OF ECONOMIC RESOURCES No. of registered Year % (from total) companies 1991 354 11.84 1992 480 16.05 1993 393 13.14 I.3.1. Economic situation 1994 506 16.92 1995 217 7.26 The evolution of the city’s economic situation is 1996 196 6.56 related to the evol uti on of the nati onal economy, 1997 168 5.62 currently in a difficult condition, due to the delay in impl ementing the economic reforms and to the length 1998 193 6.45 of the transition to market economy. 1999 135 4.52 2000 150 5.02 A well functioning market economy is driven by private economic units and their initiatives. This is why it is 2001 198 6.62 very important to support private initiatives, stimulate Total 2990 100.00 the growth of economi c units, and encourage people who would like to develop businesses. In addi tion to the number of (2.990) compani es, there Here is the evolution of the registration of trade are about 1466 authorized persons, famil y companies in the T rade Regi ster: associations and free lancers which should be added, 19
MIERCUREA CIUC leading to a total of 4.456 regi stered as economi c Companies wi th pri vate Romanian capi tal take up the agents. There are about 99 economic agents for one most significant share - 83%; also, there is an thousand inhabi tants, proving the wil lingness of important share of companies having mixed peopl e to develop an own business; nevertheless, (Romanian and forei gn) capi tal - 11%. From the total there are regi stered companies not developing any of 1007 joint venture regi stered in the county, 392 economi c acti vi ty. operate in Miercurea Ciuc. Most joint ventures are set up with Hungarian partners, due to the lingui sti c and Anal ysing the situation of economi c uni ts accordi ng to cul tural affini ties, easy communi cation and mutual the invested capi tal , the economi c agents wi th state trust. Hungary i s followed by Germany, Ital y and capi tal or joint (state/private) capi tal amount to only Austria. 2,73%.
Fo re ig n 10 0% 83 % S ta te pa rtic ip atio n (majority, minority) Privat Romanian
3% 3% 11% Privat Ro + foreign
According to the origi n and size of invested capi tal , the si tuation is as following:
No. Country Country code No. investors No. investors % Capital invested in USD 1. France 250 4 0.99 6,305,318 2. Hungary 348 270 66.50 4,744,247 3. UK 826 3 0.74 779,202 4. Austria 40 22 5.42 595,556 5. Germany 280 39 9.61 492,793 6. USA 840 12 2.96 234,829 7. Italia 380 28 6.90 225,211 8. Turkey 792 1 0.25 145,000 9. Switzerland 756 2 0.49 86,313 10. Sweden 752 5 1.23 84,681 11. The Netherlands 528 3 0.74 59,562 12. Slov akia 712 2 0.49 23,861 13. Others - 15 3.72 14,035 Total - 406 100.00 13,790,608
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MUNICIPALITY
I.3.2. Main economic activities
Distribution of economic units by field of activ ity
Commerce Services, transport, publishing
Wood processing
2%2% 1% Hotels and restaurants 2%2% 2% 3% Construction 4% Food industry 4% 45% Agriculture, forestry 7% Textile industry
Engine ering
Extractive, processing industry 26% IT and research
Insurance
I.3.2.1. Agriculture, forestry Use of the agricultural surface:
Ag ri cul tu re ha s be come l e ss a nd le ss si g ni fican t in the Arable land Grasslands Hay fields Total economic life of the city, as the development of 1.486 2.118 2.520 6.124 agricultural production has declined over the last five years, coupl ed wi th the ri se of imports. The land fund (6.124 ha) and forestry fund (4.890 ha) Culture of significant plants: come up to a high share of 93% from the total surface of the city. Culture Surface/ha Tons/1995 Tons /2000 Wheat and ry e 210 3,325 481 Potatoes 601 13,066 6,590 Vegetables 123 1,103 1,222 Fruit - 1,070 289 21
MIERCUREA CIUC
surface belongs to the private sector and the rest, kept in the property of state (IAS-s) is going to be Agri cul tural production and breeding are 90% privati sed. Potatos farming cul ture in Miercurea Ci uc is developed wi thi n the farmsteads of the population. a source of income for the inhabi tants of the ci ty livi ng in the outskirts. The potatos production could be the basis of industrial processing activities (chips, frozen Livestock: potatoes, starch etc.) Cattle and swine farming is tradi tional in the Ciuc area, Total Total Heads in as thi s i s an important acti vi ty in the households of the Denomination heads heads farmsteads popul ati on. /1995 /2000 / year 2000 Cattle 1.775 764 648 Mil k i s raw material for the branch of product Swine 4,989 2,735 1,910 industriali zation. However, the low quali ty of mil k does not allow the existence of a wide range of products. Sheep 3,400 1,904 1,761 Poultry 6,335 6,234 6,000 Though many small entrepreneurs operate at the municipal level, the level of meat processing has been decreasing, the quality and the range of the products A diminution of the livestock can be noticed, the most not being satisfactory. dramatic is the case of swine and cattle; for poultry, there is an increase from 1997 when the regi stered The import of food products (mainly sausages) is also number was 4.800. increasing (the CEFTA convention leading to a reduction of the domestic production) which has Import and intensive trade with food products do not hi ndered the development of the meat-processi ng support the setting up of a major meat processing sector. Suppl emtary meat products are al so brought industry (there i s not a single significant sl aughter- from other cities (Bacău, Bucharest, Cristuru house in the city), and most of the milk comes from Secuiesc) or imported from abroad. villages situated in Ciuc and Casin area. As a result of restructuring of the economy, the number of people empl oyed in agri culture fell from 513 Basic products: in 1995 to 190 i n 2001. There i s however a higher number of peopl e comi ng back in the countryside, working in the pri vate agri cul tural sector. Name of the Quantity in Quantity in product 1995/ tons 2000/ tons Li ve sto ck dimi ni shed fo r ea ch o f the sp ecie s; mo st animals are bred in the households of the population, Milk 25,730 17,917 as follows: 84% for cattle, 92% for sheep, 70% for Meat 1,933 1,348 swi ne . Eggs/ thousand 826 816 Li vestock serves mainly for the popul ati on sel f- pieces support; companies providing raw material for food industry are mi ssi ng. The Food industry has a regional character (mil k Conclusions: industrial processing and bakery), as these products are consumed in the three important cities of the Al though agri cul ture is not a signifi cant field, the county. The onl y branch that has developed a national potential of the surrounding rural area, meaning the and international character is beer industry (trade relatively wide agricultural surface, sets a proper basis mark: Ciuc beer). for the development of a food i ndustry branch. The main agricultural culture of the area is potato, whose Over the last 5 years, there has been a change in the production suffered a drastic decrease over the last 5 habits of consumers due to the prices rises and a years. A certain increase of production is, however, change in the quality of products, the consumption of noticed in the rural area. More than 90 % of the arable poultry, eggs and dairy produce increasing.
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MUNICIPALITY
Strong points Weak points Pedo-climatic conditions are not adequate f or cereals and Wide surface of cultiv ated land, hay fields and forests fruit culture Lack of initiatives in the agricultural field, lack of ability in Progress in putting owners in the possession of their associating in the f ield of production and trade of agricultural and f orest lands agricultural products Wide agricultural areas, accessible forestry f und (pine and Dominance of potato in suburbs and rural area plants spruce fir), tradition in wood processing culture Permanent development of milk acquisition network, Lack of ty pical suburb cultures (vegetables, f lowers, fruit) improvement of the breeding process quality Div ersity in wood processing (timber, lumber, f urniture etc.) Lack of fodder production Multif unctional character of the city, wide area of attraction Lack of potatoes processing companies, lack of logistical (rural necessarily needs a centre) objectiv es related to agricultural products revaluation Inadequate level of urban-rural relations, more specif ically, Labour f orce and human nature (dedication to agriculture, between producers and processing plants located in the optimism, cultural diversity ) city
At the level of Miercurea Ciuc Municipality, part of mass i s very low. In the economi cal and technol ogi cal Harghi ta county, region percei ved as Romania’s context of the time when the forests were turned into fo re sts h ome (th e ri ve rs Olt, Mu re ş, Tâ rn ava Ma re , grasslands, the measure was certainly motivated. Târnava Mică, Trotuş etc. spring here) there is a rich Today, a revision of the medium and long time tradi ti on in forestry and wood processing. Surface of strategy on the economic efficiency of using afforested forests belonging to the Muni cipality i s 4890 ha and grassl ands areas is needed, as demand and offer on grassl and and hay fiel ds’ surface is 4638 ha, from the agri cul tural products market i s currentl y different. which actual grasslands with isolated trees or clusters Some studies and anal yses on long term economi c of trees are 2118 ha. Grasslands and hay fields have efficiency show that, when envi ronmental protecti on been produced by forests cleared over previous effects are taken into account, the soil of the arranged centuries in order to get agricultural land. Due to the grassl ands becomes more effi cient by cul tivati ng on it low quality of the soil , current producti on of green forestry vegetation.
Strong points Weak points Prev ention of land degradation a s a result of grazing Limited breeding possibilities Improvement of environment quality by enlarging the f orest
area Creation of new jobs More efficient use of the available land Development wood processing industry Improvement of the soil quality by the beneficial effects of
forests
I.3.2.2. Industry The strongest company in the city and county is SC Bere Ciuc SA that had a 1000 billion lei turnover in the It i s interesting that, al though agri cul ture does not year 2000. It i s to be mentioned that the beer plant have a significant role in the economy of the city, the was bought last year by an Austrian strategi c investor. food industry provides jobs for many of the city’s The change in the di stribution policy invol ved a inhabi tants. substantial reducti on of the number of empl oyees. As a result of the change of ownership, the company 23
MIERCUREA CIUC became a subsidiary of Brau Union Romania group, of the cases, small (only one company has a turnover leading to important losses in the local budget, mainly higher than 5 billion lei and 94.30 % of the economi c as regards VAT. agents have less than 9 employees). Within the food industry, the most significant branches For many companies, the main field of activity is are alcoholi c and soft drinks producti on (Neptun touri sm (4% of the total number of economi c agents). Impex, Perla Harghi tei ), mil k i ndustry (Lactate Miercurea Ciuc has a favourable tourist environment Harghita) and milling (Harmopan), all of them are and resources; in terms of the internati onal reli gious private Romanian companies. events (pilgrimage) and winter sports to mention just two. Tourism might be an important source of income The economi c agents i nvol ved in wood processi ng in hard currency for the muni cipal economy, but it and furniture production have a share of 6,88% of the re qui re s va st i nve stmen ts, mainl y i n mod e rni zin g the to tal re gi ste red compa nie s, m o st o f th em bein g SME-s infrastructure, that cannot be covered from own specialized in rough wood export (lumber and timber). resources. So tourism has a quite remarkable There is a declining trend in rough wood export. potential i n bri nging in i ncome but it cannot guarantee Companies willing to become more involved in this a sustainable devel opment of the ci ty. a cti vity ne ed to m a ke se riou s in ve stm en ts in o rde r to be able to produce more sophisticated wood products Another remarkable branch of services is transport, a or furniture. branch that has had an outstandi ng development due to a higher volume of exported products (furniture, Another significant branch is the textile and ready- wood, textiles). Other significant fields in the services made clothes industry (2.14%). This special industry branch are IT and research, publi shing and pri nti ng has devel oped rapi dl y, but it also presents the danger acti viti es, adverti sing. of a rapid decline because it depends mainly on the lohn system and wage expenses. Wi th the wage e xp en se s ri se, thi s in du stry will mo ve to l e ss developed countries or regions. The city currently has I.3.3. Analysis of fields of activity by the advantage of being able to provide cheap skilled labour. Thi s branch generates important i ncomes in turnover and profit hard currency (Tricohar, Confecţii M-Ciuc, Filatex).
Extractive industry, processing industry and constructions (3.90% of the total number of economi c In the followi ng table one can noti ce the fact that the agents) are to be mentioned as significant branches economi c acti vi ty in our city has increased up to, when as regards to the number of employees. the peak value in turnover, 284 mil . US dol lars was regi stered. In 1999, the turnover figure decreased by 9.6% (257 mil. US dollars), and this slightly I.3.2.3. Commerce descending trend, was al so mai ntained in 2000 (decrease of 7.1% in compari son wi th 1999). The largest share in the economic life of the city is represented by retail and whol esale trade, 44.55% from all the regi stered companies havi ng trade as Turnover of economic units in mai n area of activity. Thi s can be explained Year M-Ciuc Municipality, mil. USD considering that trade acti vi ties do not requi re very large investments; however, international wholesale 1997 219 traders (Metro, Carrefour, Billa etc.) are not present in 1998 284 our city, and prices on the market are high as 1999 257 compared with other regions. 2000 239
The most important field of acti vity as regards the I.3.2.4. Services turnover is commerce, 94 mil . US doll ars, out of the total of 239, followed by the food industry - 60 mil. There are numerous economic agents involved in dollars, constructions - 16 mil. dollars, textile industry - services in the city, however, their turnover is, in most 24
MUNICIPALITY
12 mil. dollars, processing industry. - 11 mil. dollars commerce (3 mil. dollars). Two significant branches and wood processing and furniture industry - 11 mil. achieve important incomes from exports, namely the dollars. A profit higher than 1 million dollars was textile industry, 9 mil. dollars and wood processing regi stered by the food industry (5 mil. dol lars) and and furniture industry - 6 mil. dollars.
Turnov er, profit, income from export, on different fields of activity:
Turnover Income from exp. Field of activity Profit mil. USD mil USD Wholesale trade 62 2 1 Food and tobacco industry 60 5 Retail trade 32 1 1 Construction 16 1 1 Textile and ready-made clothes industry 12 1 9 Processing industry 11 1 Wood processing and furniture 11 6 Extractiv e industry 9 1 Serv ices 7 1 Engineering 6 Waste collecting, electric power and water supply 5 Transports 4 1 Hotels and restaurants 2 Agriculture and f orestry 1 IT and research 1 Insurance real estate activities 1 Publishing and printing houses 1 Total 239 12 20
I.3.4. Labour structure Number of Field % employees Banking and insurance 536 2.3 The employment i ndex has an outstandi ng activities importance regarding the economic development and Public administration 1,084 4.7 sustainable management of human resources. Education 1,752 7.7 Healthcare 2,224 9.7 Labour structure: Others 671 2.9 TOTAL 22,705 100 Number of Field % employees In the industrial area, the highest employment rate is Industry 10,181 44.8 regi stered in li ght and food i ndustry (wi th large Agriculture 210 0.9 companies as the beer plant), milling and bakery Commerce 3,504 15.4 industry, ready-made clothes industry, and SME-s Construction 1,295 5.7 mostly in wood processing industries and constructions. Serv ices 1,248 6.0 25
MIERCUREA CIUC
A large number of public institutions belonging to the agents with private capital are dominating the local and county administration, respectively the economic life of the city and we can also notice a large decentralised state institutions employ a large number number of SME-s (economi c agents wi th less than of people. 250 empl oyees). One can noti ce a signifi cant i ncrease in the number of authori sed persons (65.3% in Miercurea Ciuc, as a municipality, plays a major role in comparison with the year 2000), family associations the county economy (accordi ng to the economi c data, (75% in compari son wi th the year 2000), free lancers wi th a parti ci pation of 30.7% from the industrial (44.7% in compari son wi th the year 2000). production value, 47.1% from the industrial production for export, 32% from the personnel employed in The re i s a Bu si ne ss In cub ato r i n th e ci ty. The industries). Chamber of Commerce and Industry Harghi ta develops sustainable activity, reflected by higher From the total of county’s investments, the municipal quali fi cation traini ngs, exhibiti ons speci ali sed in share is 41.2%, and the investments structure is given di fferent acti vity fields, opportuni ties for forei gn trade. by construction works, equipment acquisitions, The most powerful banks and financial organizations transport means, di fferent techni cal and technol ogi cal at national level have branches in the city, thus innovations. providing a favourable mil ieu for the economi c agents development. Conclusions:
The structural change of the city’s economy towards a market economy is on a good course. The economi c
Strong points Weak points Capital reduction in the case of small and medium size The process of priv atising state companies and companies due to increasing inf lation, restructuring the city economy is almost complete Difficult access to credits Existence of a div ersif ied industry Inadequate road inf rastructure Non-existence of large national companies Lack of effective management for SME-s And loss producers Activ e priv ate initiative Weakness of the lohn system Export development Non-existence of an airport in the region Ex is t enc e of a bus ines s inc ubat or, Strong involvement of the CCI Harghita and non- gov ernmental organizations Wide network of f inancial-banking institutions
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MUNICIPALITY
I.4. ASSESSMENT OF SOCIAL AND Orthodox, 7.7% Reformed, 2.1% Unitarians, 0.6% belong to other Christian churches and HUMAN RESOURCES 0.7% belong to other confessi ons (according to 1992 census). • The average li fe span is higher than the average life span at the level of the whole country. During 1997-1999, the average life I.4.1. Demography and public health expectancy in the district was 74.85 years for women and 66.28 years for men. The average life expectancy was higher in Miercurea Ciuc than in the rest of the county. I.4.1.1. Population
• The stable popul ati on of Mi ercurea Ciuc i s I.4.1.2. Natural movement of the population slightly decreasing. • The stable population of Miercurea Ci uc at Data concerning live births, deaths and natural growth 01.07 for the last years: in Miercurea Ciuc duri ng 1996-2000:
Total Women (%) Live births Deaths Natural growth 1995 46673 51.8 1996 377 322 55 1996 46985 51.6 1997 444 322 122 1997 46893 51.8 1998 400 322 78 1998 46427 51.9 1999 446 312 134 1999 46385 52.0 2000 426 300 126 2000 46021 51.8 2001 45912 51.8 • Year 1999 was the best as regards natural growth. During the last two years, mortality • 51,8% of the population are women, 48.2% are decreased and bi rth rate and natural growth men: rate are falling. Comparing this data with the di stri ct and country’ data, one can say that mortality is lower, live-birth rate is lower and natural growth rate is higher in Miercurea Ciuc man (except year 2000, in the last fi ve years, the 48 % women value of the natural growth in the district was 52% negati ve). • Number of di vorces i s decreasi ng and number 83.0% of the popul ati on are of Hungarian nationali ty, of marri ages i s i ncreasing in the ci ty. The 16.2% of Romanian nati onali ty, 0.5% are Rroma, tendency of nuptiali ty i s contrary to the 0.1% are of German nati onal ity, and the rest of 0.2% tendency regi stered at the county and national belong to other nati onali ties (according to 1992 level. The infant mortality rate is lower in the census). ci ty than at regi onal and national level . • Regardi ng the confessi onal bel ongi ng, 74.1% of the inhabi tants are Catholi cs, 14.8% I.4.1.3. Migration 27
MIERCUREA CIUC
Migration data for M-Ciuc until 01 07. 2000.
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Stable population in M-Ciuc 45807 46003 45920 45870 45785 45675 Newcomers with permanent residence 730 678 584 541 454 606 Changes of residence 733 673 819 662 662 741 Residence changes balance -3 5 -235 -121 -208 -135 Newcomers with temporary residence 1772 1942 1964 1741 1705 1413 Changes of temporary residence 906 960 991 1184 1105 1067 Temporary residence changes balance 866 982 973 557 600 346
• Throughout the years, the residence changes • In 1996 the trend of increasing the posi tive balance was negative. After 1997, when balance of residence changes in Miercurea re si den ce cha nge s ha ve been the mo st Ciuc has changed. From 982 addi tional frequent, the negative residence changes re si den ce s i n comp a ri son to city lea vin g s, th e balance started to decrease, reaching –135 on resi dence changes bal ance reached 346 the 1-st of July, 2000. persons i n Jul y 2000. The residence changes • Comparing the above data with the migration decrease i s more dramati c at county level, due growth at the county level, one can notice that to the fact that after 1999 the residence resi dence changes balance in Harghita county changes balance became negati ve. Comparing is still negative in the last 6 years. The rate, at the ci ty wi th the co un ty, we can stre ss th e la rg e 1000 inhabitants, of settli ng resi dence in difference in proportion of residence settling at Miercurea Ciuc is 14,7, while the same rate in 1000 inhabitants, respectivel y 30.9 to19.9, in the county is just 10,5; the city leavings reach favour of the city. There are not big differences 14,6 and the county leavings reach 12,5. in proporti on regarding l eavings. Therefore, from the migration perspective, the • In Miercurea Ciuc, at the end of year 2000, the mobility is much higher for Miercurea Ciuc than external balance between immigration (36) and at the level of Harghita county, from the view emigration (49) was –13 persons. This figure is point of both leaving of and, especially, coming incl uded i n the mi gration growth (residence in. changes bal ance).
Temporary residents in Miercurea Ciuc and Harghita county on 1 January, 2001:
Age Total From among with residence From among with residence From among with residence groups newcomings in in in
areas Other Other Other county environment county county counties counties counties counties counties counties The sam e The sam e The sam e Coming from rural rural from Coming Coterminous Coterminous Coterminous Coming from ur ban Hr. Count y 3210 2739 330 141 1107 918 102 87 2103 1821 228 54 M-CIUC 1745 1394 241 110 638 505 67 66 1107 889 174 44 Male 788 636 114 38 322 258 41 23 466 378 73 15 Femal e 957 758 127 72 316 247 26 43 641 511 101 29
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MUNICIPALITY
• Most temporary residents in Miercurea Ciuc are • Miercurea Ciuc remains the centre of regional aged between 15-19 years and come from the attraction for school pupil s and young active rural area of Harghita county (16%). Almost two popul ati on thirds (64%) have the permanent residence in the rural area, and 36% in the urban area. 80% of the temporary residents have the permanent I.4.1.4. Labour force and social protection resi dence in the Harghi ta county and 13% in coterminous counties. In the case of another • At the 1st of January 2001 the number of age group, i .e. young people between 20-29 peopl e aged between 18-62 years was 32,047 years, (30% of the temporary residents in in M-Ciuc Municipality. Miercurea Ciuc) the milieu origin doesn’t show • In year 2000, employees were 49.3% of the a signi fi ca nt di stin cti on . total population of Miercurea Ciuc Municipality. • 55% of all immigrations are targeting Miercurea At the level of Harghita county, this ratio was Ciuc, and 45% Odorhei u Secuiesc Muni cipality. only 40.9%. So the larger cities are more attractive than the • The number of employees is continuousl y and rural areas. si gnifi cantl y decreasing:
Number of employees
35000 29043 30000 27910 26190 24257 25000 27374 22705 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
• From the 1999 till 2000, the number of persons • After year 1997, the number of empl oyees i n employed in agri cul ture and extractive i ndustry commerce has continuously decreased, decreased wi th more than 50% (to 210, reaching 3,504 in the year 2000. respecti vel y 328 persons i n 2000), while the • The number of empl oyees in publi c number of persons employed in transports, admini stration is decreasing (from 1,235 sto rin g, po st se rvi ce an d commun icati on s persons in 1999 to 1,084 persons in 2000) doubl ed to 1.248. while the number of employees in education is • The number of persons employed in industry increasing (from 1,698 persons i n 1999 to suffered a dramati c decrease in 1998, followed 1,752 persons in 2000). by a slight increase, reaching 10,181 persons i n • Most employees, i.e. 41% of the total, work in 2000. processi ng i ndustry, 15% in commerce, 10% i n • The processing industry and construction are in heal th and soci al assi stance, 8% in educati on, a similar situation, with 9,250 and respectively 6% in construction, 5% in transports and 1,295 persons employed by the end of the year communicati on, 5% in public admini stration. 2000. 29
MIERCUREA CIUC
Number of persons employed in different the compani es (47 compani es) have 50-249 de domains (%) employees and 1% of the compani es (15 companies) have over 250 empl oyees. Onl y two trade companies based in Miercurea Ciuc have over 1.000 employees, both operating in texti le industry.
In Miercurea Ciuc, SMEs are the most common, especi all y in the fiel d of commerce and servi ces. According to the same data provided by the Chamber of Commerce and Industry Harghi ta, in 96% of the trade companies, the number of persons employed on a temporary basi s i s between 0-9, in 3.6% of the companies there are 10-49 temporary employees and in 0.4% of the companies there are 50-250 temporary employees. Most of the companies employi ng people on a temporary basis operate in the retail area (26% of the companies) and services (20% of the companies). In Miercurea Ciuc, the unempl oyment rate reached a peak in year 1997, when the registered value of 9.07% • According to the stati sti cal data provided by the was higher than the unemployment rate regi stered at Chamber of Commerce and Industry Harghi ta, the level of Harghita county (8.87%) and at national there are 1540 trade companies in Mi ercurea level (8.8%). After 1997, the unemployment rate has Ciuc having submitted balance sheets for the decreased, reaching 5.2%. Thi s rate is much lower year 2000. Statistics show that 85% of the trade than the unemployment rate at the di stri ct level (8%) companies (1.309 companies) have fewer than and at nati onal level (8.8%). 9 permanent employees, 11% of the companies (169 companies) have 10-49 employees, 3% of
Unemployment rate (%)
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Miercurea-Ciuc HarghitaCounty Romania
30
MUNICIPALITY
• Until 2000, the age groups most affected by • There i s a growing i ncidence of occupational unemployment were young people under 25 diseases. years and persons between 35-45 years. In • The number of hospital beds remained the 2001, thi s tendency was changed, same in the past years (1,008), 22 beds for unemployment affecting almost equall y all the 1,000 inhabitants. At the county level , the rati o age categories between 18 and 55 years. The i s much l ower, 8.7 for 1,000 i nhabitants. mo st si gni fi can t cha nge wa s no ti ced fo r th e 45 - 55 age group, where the unemployment rate • The number of physi cians fell from 186 to 176 almost doubled from 2000 to 2001. persons i n 2000, unl i ke the previous years when it grew. At the end of 2000 there were 4 • In 2001, the majority of cases, regi stered physicians for 1,000 inhabitants in Miercurea unemployed were high school graduates (36% Ciuc as compared to 1.5 in the Harghita county. of the total unemployed), foll owed by vocational The number of ancillary medical staff is 739 school graduates (31%) and gymnasium persons, i .e. 16 persons for 1,000 i nhabitants. graduates (22%). 5% of the total number of unemployed haven’t graduated gymnasium, 3% • In 1999 there were 9 pharmaci es in the ci ty (of attended post-high school and 3% have higher which 8 are private), 1 pharmaceutical education. Similar rates are characteristic for storehouse, 26 medi cal surgeries, 18 denti st’s the past years. surgeries and 4 dental technique laboratories, and thei r number i s increasing. • Out of the total number of unemployed (1,675 persons) registered in Miercurea Ciuc, 46% are women and 54% are men. Conclusions:
• Ci ty popul ati on i s slightl y decreasing; I.4.1.5. Public health • Mortal ity i s much l ower as compared to county / nati onal rates; • Most frequent causes of mortality in Miercurea • Birth and population growth rates are falling; Ciuc are: cardiovascular diseases; cancer; traumati sms, poi soni ngs, accidents; di sorders • Popul ati on growth rate is bel ow the county of the respiratory and digestive system. average; Morbidity caused by non-infectious diseases • Di vorce rate is decreasi ng; shows that the biggest publ ic heal th problems • Marriage rate is growing; are cardiovascular diseases, malign tumours, which have the highest, and currently growing, • The number of domi cile changes has been mortality and morbidity rates. negative, but has a growing trend; • Most frequent causes of morbidi ty due to • The number of residence changes has been chronic diseases are: hypertension diseases positive and now is falling; (1,589), iscaemi c cardiopathy (1,459), tumour • The number of employees is steadily falling; di seases (842), diabetes (784), ulcer (403), • In 2000 employed peopl e took up a 49,3% of si mple g oitre (25 4 ca se s), m en tal di so rd e rs the overall ci ty population; (248), cerebral-vascular diseases (209) and chroni c pulmonary di seases (154). • Unemployment rate i s much lower than the county / nati onal rates; • Morbidity caused by infectious diseases did not have an ascendi ng trend in 2001; as compared • Popul ati on heal th i s good; to the previous years, there were no significant • The ratio of physicians and hospital beds per epidemi cs. 1,000 inhabitants is much higher as compared • There i s a high inci dence of tubercul osi s both i n to other parts of the country. Miercurea Ciuc and in the entire Harghita county.
31
MIERCUREA CIUC
Strong points Weak points Low mortality Negative population growth Growing number of marriages Birth rate Number of residence changes Number of domicile changes Low unemployment Falling number of employees Population health Growing number of unregistered unemployed (Young) labour force from the surroundings comes to work The low number of radiologists, entomopathologists, in the city pneumato-physiologists and infectious diseases specialists
I.4.2. Social institutions
As capital of the county, Miercurea Ciuc has several institutions dealing with social issues. Among these, the City Hall and its So cia l Offi ce and Gua rd ian shi p Autho ri ty.
Social benefits granted by the City Hall in 2000 (excerpt):
Average no. of No. assisted Type of benefit persons / Amount (lei) Remarks persons families / month Social benefit 90, 33 families 104 families 202,316,500 113 f amilies + For 48 Rroma children school Emergency benefit 13, 41 families 81,433,483 48 persons assistance Social canteen 191, 83 persons 460 persons 512,746,913 59,683,184 A. Riehen Benef it granted to young mothers 15, 58 persons 187 persons 70,285,000 Through the Registrar’s Office Benef it to cover heating charges 2,932 f amilies 14,670 f amilies 3,269,619,185 Accommodation in the night 11, 1 persons 26 persons shelter Personal assistance to disabled 119 146 291,257,093 1,041,000,000- ISTH persons Free public transport for disabled 20 41 29,102,520 persons 400,000 Benef its for disabled persons 857 11 lei/month/pers ISTH on.
Seve ral so ci al in sti tution s b a sed i n the ci ty a ssi st in family foster care centres, 628 are placed with persons from both the city and the county: County foster families and 226 children are placed with Department for Child’s Rights Protection (DJPDC), professi onal maternal assi stants. According to recent County Department for Di sabl ed People, the data (February 2002) 168, i.e. 12,3 % of the Peni tentiary, etc. institutionalised children in the county are from the city. Upon its establi shment (1997), DJPDC had 900 regi stered, and 370 children placed with foster In Miercurea Ciuc there are about 320 physically families. Currently, new and more adequate forms of di sabled persons; most of them do not have the care for abandoned children have been devel oped. possibility to work in special job environments and are, Thus, only 365 children live in foster care centres, 141 therefore, forced to li ve enti rel y on soci al benefi t 32
MUNICIPALITY
granted to disabled persons; they cannot perform 500 detainees in the penitentiary of Miercurea Ci uc, acti viti es benefi cial to them and to society. 15 % of them coming from the ci ty. The Miercurea Ciuc penitentiary assists the Harghita From the social system viewpoint, Miercurea Ciuc is county. It is far overcrowded as regards the European the most important centre in the regi on and i t can be norms on social -educational acti vi ties, due to the lack said that social institutions cover a broad span of of space and specialised staff. At present, there are social activiti es, benefici al to the population.
Strong points Weak points Shortcomings of the social system infrastructure (new The persons legally entitled to receive social benefits are buildings are needed as well an adequate information materially assisted by the city hall sy stem) Many institutions specialised in issues pertaining to Need to develop human resources specialised for disadvantaged social groups work in these institutions There is a foundation providing jobs and accommodation to young people that leave foster homes.
I.4.3. Religious organizations Besides the regular services, churches perform activities in other fields as well (education, social, etc). The cults own an infrastructure (institutions, buildings, The Roman-Catholi c Church i s predomi nant in la nd s, fo re sts) a nd hum an re so u rce s tha t may be Miercurea Ciuc, which is also true of the rest region. compri sed in communi ty development strategy. 34,106 peopl e declared to bel onged to the church at the last census. There are also other churches with a growing number of pari shioners: the Reformed Conclusions: Church, Romanian Orthodox Church, Lutheran Church, Unitarian Church and neo-protestant Almost every ci ti zen declares himsel f as belonging to confessions of faith. a certai n religi on. The ethical and moral bases religious organzations offer may significantly Miercurea Ciuc is the seat of the Romano-Catholic contri bute to a future devel opment. auxi liary bi shopry and of the Romanian Orthodox Bi shopry serving the Harghita and Covasna counti es.
Strong points Weak points Active and diversified religious life, taking into account the Low quality of common, ecumenical programs in the city number of religious cults in the city
I.4.4. Civil society protection, promote civic and social activities and support SMEs. Among the positive changes of the past years, we can count the establishment of a numerous non- Conclusions: governmental organi sations acting in different social and cultural fields. The concrete activities of several The associations and the foundati ons pl ay an organi sations, of signi ficant material and moral benefi t important part in the social life of the city though their to the population have to be noted. Such organi sations programs, some of these have already acquiring act in the fields of education and environmental international recognition.
33
MIERCUREA CIUC
Strong points Weak points Signif icant number and importance of the programs Material problems dev eloped by active foundations Civil society activity is not recognised by the society
and by the authorities The benef its of the communication among the civil society, community and local authorities is under-exploited
I.4.5. The Rroma At present, it is clear that the Rroma community in the city should be given the opportunity to take part in vari ous educational and vocational training programs. At the 1992 census, 0,5 % of ci ty popul ati on declared A major objective shoul d be to take i nto account the themselves to be Rroma, and the city in common with problems the Rroma are confronted with in findi ng the rest of the country faces many social issues solutions to work related issues: particularly long term related to i ts rel ati onship with Rroma people. One the unemployed, or those who have never had a job. At one hand, there is insufficient knowledge of the daily the same time, unempl oyed Rroma should be life and of their social and cultural values; and there is encouraged to take up vocational training courses sti ll substanti al prej udi ce. organi sed i n different i nsti tutions.
Strong points Weak points One Rroma class (Subpădure School) where they can Shortcomings in the pres-school and school education of learn in appropriate conditions Rroma children Many unemployed persons and persons receiving social
benef it
I.4.6. Public safety and social concord enrolling in the courses organised by the Ministry of Internal Affai rs. The crime rate has been constant for the past years When speaking about publi c safety, one cannot in the city, but there are posi ti ve results as to publi c overlook the social concord issue. Social concord safety. According to the data provided by Miercurea refers to a broader phenomenon than public safety. By Ciu c Poli ce fo r 200 1, mo st in cid en ts con ce rned tra ffi c enhanci ng social concord, the community will feel violations (9,856 crimes out of the total of 12,100); safer without the intervention of the specialised nevertheless, there were fewer severe car accidents. bodies. In the same period, there were 472 persons detained as defendants or culpri ts for 949 crimes. Juvenile Conclusions: delinquency remains relatively constant. Most crimes and contraventions were due to alcohol abuse and Publi c safety needs further enhancement and the occurred within family environment. The number of social concord has to be strengthened, not onl y by the city police officers or non-commissioned officers specialised bodies but also by each and every citizen, belonging to the Hungarian ethnic group did not which will grant city stability and prosperity. increase signi fi cantl y; they seem to refrain from
Strong points Weak points Due to the negative consequences of the social and Falling incidence of car severe accidents and positive economic changes of the past decade, the need is felt to results in the field of public safety strengthen social concord
34
MUNICIPALITY
I.5. EVALUATION OF THE are 40 educational instituti ons from pre-school to post hi gh school and vocational education: 11 EDUCATION, CULTURE AND ki ndergartens wi th regular schedule (8 to 12 hrs), 8 LEISURE SYSTEM ki ndergartens wi th extended schedule (8 to 16 hrs), 10 general school s, 2 theoretic high school s, 1 arts high sch ool , 4 vo ca tiona l scho ol comple xe s, 1 vo ca tio nal school for di sabled peopl e and 1 confessi onal high school . I.5.1. Education and learning Although the number of educational institutions has remained the same in the past 5 years, the number of The formal education system of Miercurea Ciuc is classes has been gradually reduced due to the falling mostly confined to undergraduate educati on. There number of pupil s.
1995-1996 1996-1997 1997-1998 1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 No.Class- rooms 531 541 558 546 552 512 511 No. pupils 12818 12463 12383 11980 11608 11041 11165 No teachers 1054 1075 1047 1024 1087 979 947
The sli ghtly descending number of pupil s i s due to Here is the number of pupil s enrolled in the various demographi c phenomena. Thi s generali sed national le ve l s of th e edu ca tio n system : trend is a challenge for the local education reform and strategies that needs to be properl y addressed.
Level/Year 1995-1996 1996-1997 1997-1998 1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 Preschool 1925 1814 1821 1798 1663 1683 1728 Primary 2851 2840 2748 2497 2260 2014 1841 Secondary 2754 2636 2590 2618 2717 2716 2640 High School 3646 3433 3401 3208 3222 3029 3467 Post high school 203 271 376 494 529 445 362 Vocational 1184 1268 1328 1254 1174 1132 1127 Apprenticeship 255 201 90 82 43 22 0 Foremen 0 0 29 29 0 0 0 Total 12818 12463 12383 11980 11608 11041 11165
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MIERCUREA CIUC
4000 3500 3000 Preschool 2500 Primary 2000 Secondary 1500 Hig h Scho ol 1000 Post High School 500 Vocational 0 Apprenticeship Foremen 19 96 1 99 7 1 998 19 99 2 00 0 20 01 20 02
The future devel opment of education and l earni ng The non-homogenous ethni c compositi on of the should focus more on i ncreasing quality and popul ati on of Mi ercurea Ciuc impacts the structure of performance so that more and more pupil s have the educati on system; hence the need to have mixed access to hi gher education as well as to traini ng Romanian-Hungarian taught classes for all level s. Of adjusted to the requi rements of the desi red li festyle. the 40 undergraduate education instituti ons, 13 are mixed (with 4,280 pupils), 2 taught in Romanian 83,7% of the teachers are qualified for the job, i.e. a (1,698 pupil s) and 25 taught in Hungari an (5,187 hi gh ratio; most substi tute teachers work in preschool pupil s). education and at the arts high school . Educational infrastructure is pretty good. Besides the The activity of the Teaching Staff House, of “Apáczai 100 year ol d school buil dings, there are school s buil t Csere János ”Centre for Professional Training of over the past two decades. Due to the lack of space, Pedagogues and the central office of the Hungari an general school s function in two shi fts. Di dacti c Pedagogues Union from Romania al so based in materi al s are rather used and antiquated and Miercurea Ci uc have largely contributed to rai sing infrastructure development mainl y rel ies on professi onal standards and ethi c, through summer occasional , sporadi c fi nancing and donations. universiti es, themati c days, methodol ogi cal contests and seminari es for both pupil s and teachers.
Strong points Weak points High ratio of qualified staff School population is decreasing Many unqualified teachers of Romanian, Hungarian High rate of graduates that pursue their studies and f oreign languages Low rate of dropouts Old didactic materials High attendance Ov ercrowded general schools Good school management Superior professional standard and moral Dependence on system’s rigidity and overcrowding Openness to new technologies and Teaching career remains unattractive for young people educational methodologies due to low wages. Developed network of psychological assistance and No opportunities to continue studies at the local level counselling in schools Schools-NGOs partnerships Inadequacy between educational offer and requirements The city = educational centre of the region Low social status for teachers 36
MUNICIPALITY
Due to the economi c and social changes of the last decade, new forms of educati on had to be developed consistent with the labour market demands and with Vocational education: the global trends of acqui ring multi ple quali fi cations and of spending more years in the educational Clothes maker 3,00 29 syste m . Shoe maker 2,00 15 The industrial high schools characteristic of the past Carpenter 4,00 39 regime, overcrowded with pupil s from the surroundi ng Florist 1,00 15 rural areas, have been restructured and re- Public food services; Tourism and 6,00 159 dimensioned, some of them were even changed the adjacent activities profile. The fields of the tertiary sector (services) have Trade and services 5,00 113 taken up a larger share in the vocational education, as Forestry, water and environmental 1,00 20 o ppo sed to ind u stri al sp eci ali sa tion s. protection Post high school and vocati onal education knows an Construction and public works 6,00 148 ascending trend, currentl y compri sing 362 + 1,127 Food industry 1,00 24 pupil s in 24 fi elds: Mechanic – repair and maintenance 1,50 35 – machinery and equipment industry Mechanical engineer 3,00 81 Post high school education: Worker-milk processing industry 1,00 22 Sculptor 0,50 7 Specialisation Nr. classes Nr. pupils Turner 1,50 39 Tourist agent – guide 1,00 12 Welder 0,50 13 Assistant manager – 2,00 54 Upholsterer 1,50 32 enterprise Carpenter 5,00 100 Administrative assistant 2,00 38 Car tinker – painter 3,50 88 Clothes designer 1,00 27 Knitter 3,00 57 Designer (construction and 2,00 28 Food public services; Tourism and architecture) 1,00 17 adjacent activities Electronic engineer – computer and office means 1,00 20 Trade and services 2,00 29 maintenance Shoe maker 4,00 29 Bank clerk 2,00 45 Mechanic 1,00 10 Env ironmental laboratory Carpenter 1,00 6 1,00 20 assistant TOTAL 59,00 1127 Designer – refurbishments 1,00 12 and construction works T rai ning courses and higher education, almost Forestry technician 2,00 54 inexi stent until recentl y, have rapi dl y devel oped as a Administrative assistant 2,00 52 result of city peopl e’s desi re to learn and of the acti ve Total 17,00 362 partnership between teachers and non-governmental organi sations. Thus, higher education is represented in Miercurea Ciu c by the con sul ta ncy cen tre s o f se ve ral uni ve rsi tie s that provide distance education courses, which are largel y appreciated:
37
MIERCUREA CIUC
Pro Agricultura Hargitae Foundation agricultural engineering, forestry, English language, socio-pedagogy, wildlife conservation Babeş-BolyaiUniversity computer science George Bariţiu Priv at e U niv ers it y law, public administration, management Lucian Blaga University local public administration management
Si nce 2001 our city has become a uni versi ty ci ty upon the establishment in Miercurea Ciuc of the faculties of Conclusions: SAPIENTIA University. The recentl y founded pri vate institution starts with advantages of a new beginning, The structure of the education system adapts along as i t has been conceived to answer the needs and wi th soci al and economic changes and has to keep challenges of the new millennium. pace wi th current needs. As our city has embraced the Founded to develop the professi onal s of the future, principles of the market economy, assuming the social Sapientia University aims to become the knowledge costs, formal and informal education will have to centre of the region. With a European perspectives, adjust to this development trend as well as to and based on the principles of sustainable sustainable development principl es. The educational development, it provides training in the following fields: system has to be the main factor attracting young environmental management, accounting and financial peopl e to stay in the ci ty and enhancing human administration, rural development, environmental resource quality. engineering, food engineering, Romanian language It is compulsory to: and literature, Engli sh language and li terature. • Increase young people’ level of educati on; The development of higher educati on in Miercurea Ciuc underlies the overall development of the ci ty. • Develop a modular structure and design post There are a growing number of hi gh school graduates hi gh school , vocational and higher education that pursue their studies, despite the growing costs of according to educational market requi rements; hi gher education. As tradi tional uni versi ty centres are • Implement fl exible educati on forms practice quite far, the solution was to support the establi shment rather than theory oriented; and development of a university in Miercurea Ciuc. • Design new forms of education according to Informal education, as alternative completing formal economi c development scenari os, by adjusting education, draws on market demands and available the training level to the economic and soci al resources. opportuniti es; The former category compri ses paid traini ng programs • Integrate the intellectual, institutional and in priori ty fields: computer use, financial admini strati on logistic potential to the process of capitalising and accounting, etc., organi sed by the authori sed ci ty’s resources and of attracting economi c and institutions (DJFPS, CCI) on the one hand, or by human capital. authori sed private companies. Tthe non-governmental organi sati ons perform broad informal educational activities on such issues as I.5.2. Culture and art women protection, i nter-ethni c cohabi tation, environmental protection, preservation of the cultural Miercurea Ciuc has a varied cultural life and excelent heritage, globali sation, informati on soci ety, European cultural life there are many opportunities to take part in integration, etc. events organised by the representative culture These valuable activities have to be supported in insti tutions of the ci ty, school s or nongovernmental order that they achieve their objectives and maximum organi sations. efficiency and overcome the obstacles due to the organi sational framework and financial instabili ty. 38
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I.5.2.1. Culture institutions of the city popul ar tradi tional Szekler architecture, are an extremel y valuable part of the cul tural heri tage. Miercurea Ciuc Ci ty Council largel y contri butes to the Csíki Játékszín Theatre - a real local demand underlay cultural life of the city, by coordinating the most the establ i shment of a theatre company in Miercurea important culture institutions through its Cu ltu ral Ciuc. The theatre opened its gates i n 1999, in Bureau. It issues “Panoráma”, a free monthly cooperation with the actors of Harag Gyorgy Theatre magazine of cultural programs, and the Cultural from Satu Mare. Csíki Játékszín theatre has local Yearbook of Miercurea Ciuc. management, whi ch both organizes and hosts cultural events. It works wi th producers, choreographers, actors invi ted from other national or international Year Local budget Sum allocated to culture theatre companies, thus promoting the spiritual image 1999 100.00% 11,50% of the city. 2000 100.00% 6,30% The figures below show that the number of 2001 100.00% 8,20% subscribers both from the ci ty and the county has increased. Ciuc Szekler Museum – housed by the one of the most representati ve buildings of the city: Mi kó Citadel . Founded in 1930, the museum contai ns the collecti on Season Nr. Nr. Nr. of popular and church art and is quite representative subscrib er performances Spectators for the Ciuc region. Mi kó Citadel al so houses cultural 1999-2000 1300 80 20000 events, such as Old Music Festival (starting from 2000-2001 2600 104 25000 1980), scientific symposiums, concerts, etc. The 2001-2002 3000 (M-Ciuc) - - museum owns a very rich fine art collection (7,751 +2000 ot hers) creations produced by 207 artists, among whom Benczédi Sándor, Gy. Szabó Béla, Nagy Imre etc.). The Szekler National Folkloric Group – is qui te Wi th a ssi stan ce ade qua te p ro ce ssi ng o f the co lle cti on popul ar in the region and is al so known in the enti re (d igi tali sa tion , ca talo ging , cla ssi fi ca tio n ) migh t tu rn i t country and abroad. It was founded three decade ago into a permanent representative exhi bition for the fi ne and functi ons as a professi onal arti sti c company for 10 art in the region. years. It has 150 performances each year, presenting The city inherited the house of Nagy Imre, the painter, the local music and dance i n national and i nternational in 1976, wi th all personal objects and work. Nagy Imre tours. Among the most important: the participation at Gallery and the Memorial House in Jigodin are great EXPO 2000 Hanover and the tour in the Carpathian values of the city, culturally and touristically under Basin in all countries neighbouring Hungary. The expl oited. The old books collection compri ses 6,637 group pl ays an important part in preserving popular books, printed materials and manuscripts formerly tradi ti ons: i t organi zes festi val s, popular dance camps, kept in the famous Franciscan library at Sumuleu and where the artists of the group teach popular dance at the Catholic Gymnasium in Sumuleu. Kajoni Codex lessons. It organi zes a unique nati onal cul tural event i s worth mentioni ng (the author, that lived between aimed at scienti fi c collection and archi vi ng of popular 1629-1997, is the founder of the fi rst pri nti ng house at musi c. It owns a ri ch and valuabl e records collection, Sumuleu Ciuc). The ethnographic collection presents whi ch will soon be availabl e on CD. the popul ar culture of the Ciuc depressi on; the fi rst Harghi ta County and Ci ty Library – mainly (80%) exhi bition took place in 1930. At present, the collecti on financed by Mi ercurea Ci uc Ci ty Council , the li brary has 8955 objects, typi cal for the art and craftsmanship has 230,000 books and 70 yearly subscriptions to of the regi on. T he museum has an ethnographi c park, va ri ou s ma ga zine s. Be side s bo o ks, it al so ha s a set up behi nd Mi ko ci tadel and stretchi ng over 2 ha, coll ection of audiovi sual material s. In 2000 the number between 1970-1978, wi th si x peasant houses, a of readers increased by 11% and the number of granary and 15 Szekler gates. The peasant houses documents lent by 6,5%; the daily average i s 221 dating from the 19th century, representative for the readers. The computeri sation of the library has been started, given the importance of the regional 39
MIERCUREA CIUC cooperation among libraries. The i nsti tution organi zes I.5.2.3. Fine art and galleries exhi bitions, symposiums and trai ning courses. Besides the public city library, there are other 36 Miercurea Ciuc is one of the few cities where a fine art different libraries (school libraries, specialised program is organized; the program was initiated by libraries, etc.) The library of Sapientia University has Harghita Visual Art association and was taken over been recentl y establi shed. Gi ven the growing number and financed by the City Council, which makes of students, the library becomes more and more possible the issuing of high quality catalogues and important and it will soon be confronted with the issue postcard-invitations. Miercurea Ciuc is well known by of space. As it does not have its own building, the fine arti sts due to the high l evel exhi biti ons often county and city library rents different locations within organi sed in the gall eries of the ci ty. Harghi ta Vi sual Trade Unions’ Culture House. The Reference, History- Art – Fine Artists’ Association from Miercurea Ciuc Art and Children Departments are located in Mikó and Harghi ta County takes part in high level ci tadel . Not all documents are availabl e yet due to lack international events and invite international artists for of space; a broader range of services in also needed. thei r events and exhibi tions. There are four arts galleries in the city (Flowers Gallery, Golden Gallery, Kriterion Gallery, Nagy Imre I.5.2.2. Buildings housing culture institutions Gallery) and several exhibi tion si tes (T rade Unions’ Culture House, City Culture House). • City Culture House is subordinated to the local administration; it houses Csíki Játékszín theatre Virtual Galleries: and the Szekl er National Fol klori c Group. It has CSÍkiGAléria: www.topnet.ro/artgallery 400 places. • Trade Unions’ Culture House – has 724 places. Golden Gallery: www.syrinx.ro/galeria/ The building houses several institutions, organi sations, clubs, etc. Exhibiti ons, meetings, varnishing events are organised in the Marble I.5.2.4. Music Hall . It also organi zes lei sure events for young peopl e: sport, di scos, etc. There are several famous choruses and bands in • Harghi ta County Cul tural Centre and Arts Miercurea Ciuc, concerti ng in the ci ty and abroad: Popul ar School are l ocated in the same Harmónia Chorus and Sarkadi Elek Chorus (which is building. 112 years ol d), Csíki Kamarazenekar (bands of teachers and pupil s from Nagy István Arts Hi gh • County Culture Centre – the culture institution School ) and “ARSIS Gi tártrió” classi cal gui tar band. of the County Council focuses on organi zing events at the county level . It financi all y supports school s, nongovernmental organi sations, and associations and coll aborates for the I.5.2.5. Publishing Houses development of culture events in Miercurea Ciuc. It has a 50-place conference room where There are five publishing houses in Miercurea Ciuc symposiums and training courses are held. The (Pallas-Akadémia, Pro Print, Státus, Hargita and Arts Popular School has 22 professors, 500 Neptun) that issued more that 300 volumes last year students enrolled in 19 different departments only. (e.g. music, popular and classical dance, fine art, wood art, etc). • Other buildings housing cultural events are: I.5.2.6. Media Pupils’ House, Miron Cristea Cultural Centre, Transylvania Cinema Theatre, Jakab Antal The editorial offi ces of two county dai ly newspapers Research House, Apáczai Csere János are located in Miercurea Ciuc: Hargita Népe and Research Centre. Adevărul Harghitei. Local journalists provide information for regional and nati onal newspapers: Króni ka, Romániai Magyar Szó, Erdél yi Napló. Hargita publishing house issues 40
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Székelyföld monthl y culture and humaniti es magazine, Name of the event Date whi ch i s al so, an important forum for the writers, Old Music Festival 18 -21 July poets, arti sts and intell ectual s of the ci ty and of the region. Szekler Girls Meeting 1 July City Days 1- 4 August There is also a local television station - Csíki TV (Ciuc Ethnographers Meeting 4 August TV) and four local radi o stati ons: Uniplus, Mi x FM, Radio XXI, DEEA. Antena 1 national tel evi si on stati on Miercurea Ciuc Summer 5 July - 1 September has a local branch in Miercurea Ciuc and ProTV (nati onal televi sion as well ) will soon set up its l ocal station there. I.5.2.9. Religious celebration
I.5.2.7. Foundations, cultural associations The most important reli gious celebrati on of local peopl e i s the pilgrimage to Şumuleu Ciuc, which takes The associations and foundations i n Miercurea Ciuc pl ace on Whi t Sunday. function in the fields of education and culture; they Şumuleu Ciuc has become a religi ous pilgrimage focus on the preservation of traditions, cultural place for the Szeklers since the 15th century. There heritage, Christian values and tolerance. are people coming to see the Catholi c Church from Şumuleu all over the year.
I.5.2.8. Famous cultural events taking place in Miercurea Ciuc Conclusions:
The following cultural events are representative for the Miercurea Ciuc has the premises of a rich and varied ci ty, each wi th its own identity pertaining ci ty history cultural life: on the one hand, there are the preserved and tradi tions. cul tural and tradi tional values and on the other hand, the new initiatives that meet city’s development needs. Below are the fields defining city’s image and the still unexploi ted possi bili ties.
Strong points Weak points Cultural values (Şumuleu Ciuc, Nagy Imre Gallery, Mikó Capabilities are unexploited (museum, Nagy Imre Gallery, Citadel, monuments) the ethnographic park) Monotonous, unilateral cultural programs, lack of programs Rich collection of fine arts in certain areas Many artists (fine artists, musicians, actors, amateur artists, Not enough spaces for different cultural activities (concerts, etc.), many exhibitions, etc library ) High schooling level of the population, artistic training at Nagy Istv án Arts High School, amateur artists training at the Popular Arts School
I.5.3. Sport and leisure 600 members. Remarkable results have been achieved in 9 sports (team sports - ice hockey, judo and kendo and indivi dual winter sports (al pine ski ing, In Miercurea Ciuc peopl e parti cipate in 24 sports, of cross-country ski ing, biathlon, bobsl eigh, speed which 21 performance sports and 3 leisure sports. skating, short track, figure skating). There are two traditional sports clubs: Miercurea Ciuc Sportclub – for adul ts, and School Sports Club, wi th School sports are done in 6 gyms, 9 schools also having sports grounds. Only 5 of the 8 high schools in 41
MIERCUREA CIUC the city have gyms, of which 3 display inadequate fields, 9 tennis fields, 3 swimming pools and 8 ski conditions. tracks in the neighbouri ng areas. The sports and leisure areas are: 1 skating rink, 1 speed skating track, 1 football field, 2 mini-football
Strong points Weak points Remarkable results in performance sports (winter sports, Small number of gyms (58% of schools have gyms) and team sports) lack of minimal equipment; Possibilities for winter sports Degraded gyms and sports ground; few playgrounds Numerous sports competitions organised in the city Few leisure and sports area, hence low level of mass sport (marathon, chess, basketball, etc.) (sports f or all); Lack of an indoor swimming pool, so that the healthiest
sport, swimming, is unapproachable Ov ercrowded skating rink
GENERAL REMARKS ci ty centres / “urban core” from Belgi um, UK, north- eastern France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, north Germany and Denmark; ii) new centres / “new core” from southern Germany, northern Ital y, Portugal , The sustainable development objecti ves of Miercurea south-eastern France, central and eastern Spain; peripheral areas / “periphery”: the rest of Spain, Ciuc draw on two cycles of urban changes that have 1 taken place in the last 50 years. Specific to the period Greece, southern Italy, western France and Ireland . 50s to 80s of the 20th century, the first cycle was On the whole, the development of an urban settlement characterised by the rapid extension of the residential i s si gni fi cantl y determi ned by the structural changes of areas within the built-in landscape as a result of the the local economy, population and communi ty cul ture. developi ng manufacturing i ndustry; thi s negati vel y It i s al so considerabl y influenced by an adequate impacted on the urban design, the habitat, the management, focused on four major objectives: community culture and the envi ronment and infrastructure development and ensuring access to eventually led to sub-urbanization, proliferation of this infrastructure, access to housing, environmental informal economy, perpetual poverty, restri cti on protection and poverty all eviation. At the same tine, (enclavi sation) of the richer residential di stri ct. The the development of an urban system has to consider second cycle started after the 90s and was the limited nature of resources (human, natural, characteri sed by the i ntensificati on of the demographi c financi al ), whi ch prevents a publi c authori ty from phenomena al ready developing in the fi rst cycl e, to managing all problems of the community, as well their whi ch other demographic phenomena, triggered by rational use (the “crowding out” effect, according to the sl ow economic changes, added up. Thi s evol uti on whi ch an increase of publi c expenses tri ggers of the ci ty recall s the tendenci es speci fi c to some consumption or private investment cutbacks). The urban areas in Central and Eastern Europe, as well as publi c authori ty needs to continuousl y evaluate the some urban areas in the EU peripheral countries (the opportunity of an investment, not onl y with respect to cohesion countries: Spain, Portugal , Greece). One its current and future financial resources as well as to may notice that, at the European level, the citizens’ preferences, in order to encourage individual development of the urban systems has been slower in the areas with unstructured economy and the peripheries and which and faster in the economically integrated areas, which focused on the development 1 of the tertiary sector, research and education. European S ustainabl e Cities: European Urban S ystems: Chapt er 2, sec . 4, E xpert Group on the Urban E nvironment, Profound and rapid changes l ed to three types of European Commission, Directorat e Gener al XI, E nvironment, areas in full development and regeneration: i) the old Nuclear S afet y and Ci vil Prot ection, Br ussels, March 1996 42
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and community responsibility and partnerships for the 80s, whi ch resul ted in the hideous blocks of flats, and achi evement of local development projects. the architectural kitsch of the 90s, the cultural urban tradi ti ons and the soci al bal ance would need a Last but not least, urban devel opment i s determined compl etely redefined archi tectoni c, drawing on the by the reassessment of urban desi gn. Deepl y affected classical architectural values specific to the region or by the construction conception changes of the 50s- on Western reference patterns. ■
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MIERCUREA CIUC II. OBJECTIVES
GENERAL OBJECTIVES - Institutional capacity building based on efficient management, and restructured public services in correlation with current fina nci al re sou rce s, o bje cti ve s o f The main development objectives of Miercurea Ciuc sustainable devel opment and the are: community agenda; - Municipal twinning to provide information • Devel opment of the muni ci pal infrastructure exchange among municipali ties on best (water, energy, natural gas distribution, available practices for urban or project transport) and secure full publi c access management; (popul ati on and i ndustries) - Public private partnerships to cooperate on • Acce ss to ho u sing projects and programs; • Environmental protection - Implement projects and programs that • Poverty alleviation cannot be achieved by the private sector • Urban regenerati on (urban devel opment: - Integrating policies horizontally (to achieve construction, access to housing and encourage simultaneous synergy among various economi c acti vity; - urban rehabil itati on – sectors) and vertically (to correlate and restorati on and devel opment of the old ci ty integrate policies for development of the city centre and of other historical buildings that wi th those of the county and the region); belong to the cultural heritage, refurbishment of - Resource management, which assumes the the façades). integration of energetic, material, financial Taking into account the speci fi c condi tions of the area and human resources in a natural cycle; as well as the general objectives, the municipality also - Free-market approaches to achieve takes responsibility for the rural areas, the sustainable devel opment: i ssue regulations di sadvantaged persons and the ethni c cohabi tation on eco-taxes and publi c utili ties based on Principles for urban management—applied to the free-market principles; assess any potential five objectives—in compliance with principles for investment function of criteria for sustainable development presented in the environmental protection; and incorporate “European Sustainable Cities, Brussels, 1996” environmental protection issues in the report, the Bremen Declaration, 1997, and the drafting of the local budget; Amsterdam Treaty - Decentrali se management wi th energy industry; An urban setting is not a closed system, and accompli shing fi ve general obj ecti ves i s based on - Sustai nabl e urban landscaping wil l compl y principles for urban management to foster urban wi th regul ati ons on constructi on material s, development and/or regeneration. Consequently, building design, bio-cl imate, the extent of poli cies, strategi c urban planning, and implementati on build-up in a given area, spatial orientation of programs and projects will comply with the following of housi ng estate, green zones around principles: buildings, microclimate and energy efficiency; - Sustai nabl e development that would bri ng, - Carry out programs or projects to restore on the long run, major attitude and cultural cultural heritage of a certain group and/or change towards sustai nabl e use of natural tradi ti ons of the local communi ty as a whole. re so u rce s; These programs woul d not infri nge upon 44
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cul tural val ues and tradi tions of any social • Buildi ngs that are part of the nati onal heri tage group wi thin the communi ty; will undergo (indoor and outdoor) refurbi shing - Ban mul tiplicati on of publ ic services if they works wi thout al tering ini tial archi tectural di d not meet a certain community need; design. Buil dings with histori cal value wi ll not - Regulate land use and management in be transformed or demol i shed by any means. compliance with provisions set in the • Residential zones will include a multifunctional Landscapi ng Master Plan; central area, to combine commercial, civic, - Anal ysi s of technical capaci ties for project cultural, and leisure activities; execution; • Residential zones will include open common - Eval uation of effi cient utili sation of human spaces such as squares, green areas and and fi nancial resources; parks; - Eval uation of financial vi abili ty wi th a • These open common spaces will have a program or project function of revenues; functional design so as to encourage outdoor group activities and community cohesion; - Identi fi cation of communi ty needs and priorities and correlation of community • Pedestrian walks and bicycle tracks will be laid agenda with opportuniti es for new programs out in residential di stri cts except for the old ci ty and proj ects; centre; - Eval uation of needs of the soci all y • Na tu ral la nd s—fo re sts, flo ra an d still wa te rs— di sadvantaged groups and the muni cipal will be preserved and possibly integrated in capacity to secure affordable housing, jobs pl anned parks; and basi c publi c servi ces; • Communiti es will have to compl y wi th resource - Environmental protection; conservati on and waste reduction regul ati ons; - Carry out programs and projects in • Communiti es will use water suppl ies rati onall y; partnership with the private sector or offer • Landscapi ng plans (i .e. orientation of street incentives for the private sector to take over system and pl acement of bui ldings) wi ll investments expenses, provided that the promote energy effi ciency. program or project would turn profitable; - Di sseminate informati on that pertains to speci fi c investments (local topography, stati sti cs on local and regi onal economy, International Acts and Documents as well as regulations for urban development, National I nte rnal Le gi sl a ti on Unde rl ying the Ge ne ra l Landscapi ng Master Plan, and regional Objectives and the Action Plan for the Local landscaping plans). Agenda 21 – Miercurea Ciuc Principles of Rehabilitating or Ensuring Sustainable human Settlements to Comply with - Local Agenda 21, 1992; the Landscaping Master Plan, According to the - The Fi fth European Communi ty Habitat Agenda, Istanbul, 1996 Environmental Action Programme – «Towards Sustainability» - a comprehensive • Integrated land zoning, so that every residential approach of the EU activities concerning di stri ct wil l co n si st o f hou si ng e state urban issues, comparative urban data and (i ndi viduall y-owned houses or apartment indi cators and the implementation of buildings, function of specific architectural initi ati ves pertai ning the Local Agenda 21; syste m s); buil ding s u sed fo r comme rci al purposes; parki ng lots; school buildi ngs and - Aalborg Charter (Charter of European Cities infrastructure for public utilities; & Towns towards Sustainability), approved by the participants at the European • Re sid ential area s will comp ri se a di ve rsi ty of Conference for ci ties and sustai nabl e buildings; settl ements, (Aalborg, Denmark, 1994); 45
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- Li sbon Action Plan for the implementation of - Law no.71/1996 concerni ng the approval of the Aalborg Charter and the Local Agenda the National Landscaping Master Plan - 21; Section I – Communi cations; - “European Sustainable Ci ties” report, - Law no.171/1997 concerning the approval of Brussel s, 1996; the National Landscaping Master Plan - - The Bremen Declaration (1997) that Section II – Water; establishes the principles for the partnership - Law no. 5/ concerning the approval of the between business and municipality National Landscapi ng Master Plan - Section regarding the sustainable development of III – protected areas; the cities; - Law no. 351/ concerning the approval of the - «Urban Sustainable Development i n the National Landscapi ng Master Plan - Section European Union: A framework for action» IV – the network of locali ti es (1998); - Law no.575/2001 concerning the approval of - The Hanover Call of the muni ci pal leaders National Landscapi ng Master Plan - Section from ci ties and toms i n 36 European V – areas prone to natural hazards; countries, adopted at the Thi rd European - Law no. 10/1995 concerning construction Conference on Sustai nabl e Ci ties and quali ty; Towns, Hanover, Germany, 9-12 February, 2000; - GO no. 20/1994 in regard to measures to mitigate the seismic risk with buildings, re- - Green Paper – Envi ronmental issues, publi shed; European Commi ssi on, 2000 - Law no. 460/2001 amending and completing - Charter of the Architectural Heritage, Government Ordi nance no.20/1994 in adopted by the Council of Europe in October regard to measures to mitigate the seismic 1975; risk with buildings; - Community Action Pl an concerni ng Cul tural - GO no.244/2000 concerning dam safety, He ri ta ge (19 94 ) approved by Law no.466/2001; - Art.151 of the Treaty of Amsterdam - GO no. 65/2001 concerni ng the amending the Treaty on European Uni on, establishment and the functioning of the the treaties establi shi ng the European industrial parks; Communiti es and certain related acts – conservati on and development of the - Housi ng Law no. 114 of 11 October 1996, common cultural heritage, preserving republ i shed; di ve rsi ty; - Law no. 422/ 2001 concerning the - Art.6 of the Treaty establishing the preservation of hi stori cal monuments; European Communi ti es – envi ronmental - Law no. 10/ 2001 concerni ng the legal protection has to be contained in al l status of buildings abusively appropriated community poli cies and acti vi ties. between 6 March 1945 - 22 December - Law on l ocal publi c admini stration no. 1989; 215/2001; - Law no.213/1998 concerning public property - Law on publi c service for communal and its legal status; husbandry no.326/2001; - Law no.219/1998 concerni ng the regime of - Law no. 27/1994 concerning local taxes; concessions; - Law no.189/1998 concerni ng local publi c - Law no.41/1995 for the approval of finance; Government Ordinance no.68/1994 concerning the protection of the national - Law no.350/2001 concerning zoni ng and cul tural heri tage; town planning; - Law no.56/1998 for the approval of Government Ordinance no. 24/1997 concerning the amendi ng and completion of 46
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Government Ordinance no. 68/1994 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES concerning the protection of the national cul tural heri tage, approved by Law no. 41/1995; - GO no.43/2000 concerning the protection of the archaeological heritage and the proclaiming of archaeologi cal si tes as areas of national interest, approved by the Law II.1. NATURAL RESOURCES no.378/2001; - GO no.47/2000 on protection measures for hi stori cal monuments that are part of the World Heritage, approved by Law no. 564/2001; II.1.1. Natural environment - Education Law no.84/1995 *** Re-publi shed; - Law no.133/2000 for the approval of OBJ ECTIV ES : Government Ordinance no.102/1998 concerning continuous professional training • Create a protection ecological area of the wi thin the educati onal system; Şumuleu hill; - Law no. 33/1995 for the ratifi cation of the • Arrange local touri st, lei sure and sports areas; Conventi on-framework on nati onal mi nori ty • Sustai nabl e management of forests; protection, Strasbourg, February 1995; • Ecol ogi cal re-buil ding of peat bogs; - Law no.48/2002 for the approval of Government Ordinance no.137/2000 • Delimit the protection forests in the city; concerning the prevention and puni shment • Rehabilitate and preserve the wetlands located of all forms of di scrimination; in the meadow of the Olt river in the Ciuc - Envi ronmental Protection Law no.137/1995 depressi on wi thi n an ecologi cal network, the *** Re-published; most efficient solution advanced by the EU (proposed in “Olt River’s Book”), published by - Law of the Waters no. 107 of 25 September Tourism and Nature Preservation Association 1996; of Miercurea Ci uc). - E.O. no. 236/2000 concerning the status of the protected nature reserves, the preservation of the natural habitats, of wild flora and fauna; - Law no. 426/2001 for the approval of the II.2. BUILT-IN ENVIRONMENT Government Emergency Ordi nance no. 78/2000 concerning residenti al and industrial waste production; - Law no. 465/2001 for the approval of the Government Emergency Ordinance II.2.1. Infrastructure no.16/2001 concerning solid waste management; OBJ ECTIV ES : - Law no. 655/2001 for the approval of the Government Emergency Ordinance • Rehabili tate and extend the water supply and no.243/2000 concerning the protection of sewerage networks; the atmosphere. • Identify the connections in the sewerage syste m s; 47
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• Identi fy and elimi nate di scharges of untreated • Remove the ill egal deposits on the ri verbeds or household wastewaters in the water streams or al ong waterways crossi ng the city; cl ean lower into the phreati c l ayer; ri ve rbed s o f sol id wa ste . • Extend and upgrade the treatment plant; • Build a treatment plant at Harghi ta Băi; • Arran ge bi cycle tra cks; II.2.5. Environmental components • Functional separation of traffic categories; ensure a functi onal traffi c network (buil d ring roads, roundabouts, etc) II.2.5.1 Water
OBJ ECTIV ES : II.2.2. Construction, land • Delimit the hydro-geological protection perimeter of city catchments area and monitor OBJ ECTIV ES : the quantitative and qualitative evolution of the expl oitable underground water streams; • Institute the protection areas for the monuments and architectural groups that are • Delimit the sanitary and hydro-geological on DMASI list; protection perimeter of mi neral springs and waterways from Harghita Băi, Şumuleu and • Build a mul tifuncti onal centre at Harghita Băi; Băile Miercurea Ciuc; • Exploit unproductive fields; • Organize and develop Şuta, Jigodin Băi, Băile • Pl ant a protection green bel t between the Miercurea Ciuc, Şumuleu leisure areas, exploit polluting sources and the neighbouring areas. the medici nal waters (heal th complexes, utili ties a nd m edi cal a ssi sta nce ); • Upgrade the wetlands located upstream the II.2.3. Green areas railway, to the north of the city, near the built-in area; OBJ ECTIV ES : • Initiate a study for the rehabilitation of the river meadow and the wetlands in the Olt riverbed, • Arrange new parks i n Lunca Mare, Topli ţa, correlating both economi c and ecological Şuta, Jigodin, Spi cului areas; in te re sts; • Arrange Şuta forest as park – forest; • Accomplish the provisions of the “River • Create alignment pl antations; contract” for the Olt ri ver, concluded between the riverside localities, nongovernmental • Arrange the green areas in the new residenti al organi sations, Ciucul de Jos, Ci ucul de Sus and di stri cts. Ciomád Bálványos mi cro-regi ons, the environmental institutions and the (Inspectorate for the Envi ronmental Protection, and the Water II.2.4. Public sanitation services Management System of Miercurea Ci uc) and Sapientia University of Miercurea Ciuc. OBJ ECTIV ES : • Reuse sawdust as fuel; II.2.5.2. Air • Upgrade the ecological landfill; OBJ ECTIV ES : • Build a hazardous waste l andfill ; • Introduce selecti ve collecti on of househol d • Introduce monitoring for the main ai r pollutants waste and reuse it; in order to set up measures to reduce air pollution; 48
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• Improve road network and traffic so as to II.3.2 Main economic activities reduce vehicle exhaust; • Study the possibility of building green strips The Food industry pl ays an important part in city’s al ong mai n roads in order to protect the economy (highest profit and second turnover); popul ati on agai nst vehi cle exhaust. nevertheless, the human and fi nancial potential i s not exhausted. • Build ring roads to detour heavy traffi c from the city; The rural areas in the vicinity of the city are an • Upgrade all city roads to reduce air pollution important raw matter supplier (milk, potatoes, rye, two- with particulate matter. row barley, oats, sugar beet, etc) for the food industry of the city.
II.2.5.3. Noise II.3.2.1. Agriculture, forestry OBJ ECTIV ES : OBJ ECTIV ES : • More efficient traffic in order to reduce noise pollution; • More effi cient exploi tation of agri cul tural lands; • Reduce noi se in the industrial areas by • More efficient exploitation of the former improving technological processes and creating agri cul tural l ands (decantati on ponds, ponds, green curtain between the western industrial sports fields); area and the resi dential distri ct. • Devel op the busi ness envi ronment for the agricultural producers; • Devel op horti cul ture and fruit tree nurseries; • Develop services pertaining to agriculture and II.3. ECONOMIC RESOURCES rural areas (agricultural research, training, trade and logi sti cs); • Develop the urban-rural relations; expand agricultural products processing (potatoes, meat, fodder), and diversify dairy-produce; II.3.1. Economic situation • Set up SMEs in meat, wool and leather processi ng) OBJ ECTIV ES : • Set up collection centres for forest frui ts and mu sh room s; • Set up the technologi cal and industrial park to in crea se ci ty’s attra cti vene ss fo r the i nve sto rs; • Afforest about 2,500 ha of unproductive g ra ssl and s an d ha yfield s in th e ne xt 20 yea rs, • Improve management; resulti ng in a wood suppl y growth of 15,000 • Encourage investments and technological cubi c metres per year. transfer through local incentives; • Promote tourism, improve services provided to tourists; • Upgrade road infrastructure. 49
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II.4. HUMAN RESOURCES that might benefit from the opportunity to work outside the peni tenti ary might increase. In the long run, a new penitentiary needs to be buil t outside the ci ty centre; the new buil ding al so has to compl y wi th European norms; • Set up a rehabili tation centre for di sabled II.4.1. Demography and public health persons.
OBJ ECTIV ES : • Mai ntain the number of inhabi tants; II.4.3. Religious Oragnizations • Increased bi rth rate; • Stop the migration from the city; OBJ ECTIV ES : • Increased life expectancy; • Strengthen tolerant religious attitudes in order • Improve life quality; to achieve a society free of religious prejudice and hatred. Thi s can contribute to an • Create new jobs; international col laboration and development • Mi tiga te he al th ri sks; based on the daily work and professionalism of • Upgrade hospital logi sti cs; the city people; • Set up new departments in the hospi tal s; • The partnership among churches needs to be strengthened and enhanced though common • Provide sanitary education programs; religious and charity programs; • Fai r a cce ss to he alth se rvi ce s. • A medium term obj ecti ve would be to arrange the cemeteries in the city.
II.4.2. Social institutions II.4.4. Civil society OBJ ECTIV ES : • A professi onal and well -establi shed soci al OBJ ECTIV ES : system has to be developed to ensure • High quali ty soci al programs for the ci ti zens of assistance to persons and families that cannot the ci ty can onl y be developed through secure themsel ves a decent living. It is equall y p a rtne rshi p wi th lo cal ci vil so cie ty. The active important that each ci ti zen must be given the associations and foundations have access to a opportunity to perform an activity according to broad data base and ski lled staff; hi s physi cal and i ntellectual abi liti es; • The local administration and public institutions • The issues of childrens institutions needs to be based in Miercurea Ciuc may contribute to the addressed. Oversi zed orphanages have to be quali tative and quanti tative devel opment of the gradually replaced by foster families or programs implemented by the maternal assistants. The long-term objective is nongovernmental organi sations i n the ci ty and to minimi se the number of instituti onali sed may also bring publi c recogni tion to these children in Miercurea Ciuc. This can only be organi sations; achi eved by changing publi c atti tudes mentali ty so that the value of human life is recognized, • A partnership needs to be establi shed among and the needs especially of children are lo ca l admi ni strati on , bu sin e sse s, ci vil so cie ty protected; and citizens in order to bring about a development based on broad public consensus. • As a resul t of cl ose cooperation between the peni tentiary on the one hand and local admini stration, ci vil society and economi c units in the city on the other, the number of prisoners 50
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II.4.5. Rroma • Develop a modular, flexible system, drawing on indi vidual combination choices, capable of integrating and meeting educational OBJ ECTIV ES : requi rements of the various social categori es. • A short term objecti ve i s to enhance the • Set up a local centre for: number of Rroma children attending school; - Monitoring the activity of the local • In the medi um term, all Rroma chil dren must educational market; have ensured access to education, be it in the - Monitoring the career of young high school exi sting school s in the ci ty, or in speci al graduates and constantl y examining the school s, gi ven that most Rroma children reach requirements. the age of 10-12 wi thout having attended ki ndergartens or school s; • Set up a partnership among the education providers and, the economi c envi ronment, • The long-term objective is securing education re p re sen ta ti ve s o f th e ci vil so cie ty and l ocal for Rroma children at the age specified by the publi c admini stration to elaborate a law and wi thout di scrimi nation. development strategy for the city drawing on substantial development of the education syste m ; II.4.6. Public safety • Insti tutionali se the debate and the elaboration of a development strategy for the educational system, including the potential partners from OBJ ECTIV ES : the economi c fiel d; • Enhance publi c safety and strengthen soci al • Admini strative and logi sti cal support, concord. A solid social concord means an cooperation and even co federali sation of the increase of the li ving standard; it al so attracts informal education providers (e.g. the “Mutual foreign tourists and investors as potential Academy”) in order to enhance thei r effi ciency; partners in the social, economic, cultural and sports life of the city. • Identi fy sources to support higher education development (investments, facilities, etc). Economi c devel opment and ci vi c solidari ty are the premises underlying the achievement of this objective.
II.5.2. Culture and art
OBJ ECTIV ES : II.5. EDUCATION, CULTURE, • Capitali se the fine art collection: permanent LEISURE exhibition representative for the region, great arti sts of the regi on. Processing, catal ogui ng, presentation; • Ciuc Szekler Museum – a living museum, attracting cultural tourism; for the local people: II.5.1. Education and training a better expl oitati on of coll ecti ons, i nteractive programs, cultural programs; OBJ ECTIV ES : • The ethnographi c park – use the outdoor space for various activities (e.g. preservation of • Align the city to European trends and standards popul ar traditions); regarding participation in higher education, i.e. 40-50% of high school graduates should pursue • There are only two outdoor stages (Şumuleu thei r studies; Ciuc and Ji godi n) that should be used for outdoor events; 51
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• Cre ate ne w si te s fo r cul tu ral acti vitie s, which • Build an indoor swimming pool; will trigger the diversification of cultural • Built an outdoor skati ng ri nk (for the col d programs. season) – roller skating track; • Build bicycle tracks; • Arrange Şuta leisure area (boat strolling, II.5.3. Sport and leisure cycli ng, fi shing, swimming).
OBJ ECTIV ES : • Set up a polyvalent sports complex;
■ 52
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53
MIERCUREA CIUC III. LOCAL ACTION PLAN
III.1. GENERAL OBJECTIVES III.2. STRENGTHENING THE CAPACITY OF THE MIERCUREA CIUC MAYORALTY The mai n objecti ves for the development of the Miercurea Ciuc town are the following: - development of basic infrastructure and assurance of direct access of the population and industrial consumers to such III.2.1. Human Resources Management infrastructure (water, electricity, gas distribution, transportation means) - a cce ss to ho u si ng faci liti e s III.2.1.1. Improvement of the professional - environment protection training level - alleviation of poverty - urban regeneration (regeneration of the Identi fi cation of needs and opportuni ties for traini ng natural capital, especially of land and and instructi on contaminated water sources, as well as Matching needs with the existing human resources urban rehabili tation, by restoring and developi ng the hi stori cal centre, the Identi fi cation of a permanent training system historical buildings located outside the hi stori cal area, and re-devel opment of buildings by repai ring the facades, restoring III.2.1.2. Efficient Use of Human Resources or redefini ng thei r basi c functions. In addi tion to the general obj ecti ves, and taking into Establ i shing the rules for organi zing personnel and consideration the specific conditions of the region, the operations Miercurea Ci uc Muni cipali ty i s al so commi tted to T rai ning according to the ROF rehabi litati ng rural areas, to assume responsibi lity for minori ties and peopl e who are suffer from Establ i shing defined fi elds of acti vity for personnel discrimination, and to do its best to assure optimum relations among the vari ous ethni c groups. Permanently updating job descriptions
III.2.1.3. Increasing professional responsibility and independence
Increasing awareness regarding the importance of each employee's acti vi ty Insti tutional transparency for all employees Granting financial incenti ves in line wi th the effi ciency 54
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III.2.2. Coordination Units III.2.4.2. Devising a system of monitoring public service quality
III.2.2.1. Improvement of personnel and management policies III.2.5. Financial Matters Improving the cooperation between offi ces and departments working with the mayors office. Renewing office policies III.2.5.1. A more efficient management of public funds
III.2.3. Legislation and Regulations – III.2.5.2. Increase of incomes by attracting non- Institutional Compatibility with EU reimbursable financing projects and programs Harmoni zing the insti tutional capacity and the structures to adopt and implement the acqui s communautaire. III.2.5.3. Efficient income spending
III.2.4. Strategies, Policies, Plans III.2.6. Information Management
III.2.4.1. Fundamental changing of the relations between the administration and the citizens III.2.6.1. Correlation and integration of the institution data basis. Public services should be delivered in the best interest of the ci ti zens. Bureaucracy affecting the citizens and businesses III.2.6.2. Evaluation of the software needs. should be eliminated Ci vil soci ety parti cipation in the deci sion-making process should be widened. An effective communications strategy needs to be developed to reach citizens. A quali ty management system needs to be created. III.3. FINANCIAL FORECAST
The local budget for the period 1999-2002 is presented in three tables. The budgets for the years 1999-2000 and 2001-2002 respectivel y, are deal t wi th separately, due to the changes in the legislation regarding the local publi c admini stration budget.
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Table No. 1 Miercurea Ciuc Town Incomes During the Period 1999-2002
Income and Expense Income and Expense Proposal for 2002 INCOMES Budget 2000 Budget 2001 Thousands lei Thousands lei Thousands lei TOTAL, out of which: 84. 390.600 184.676. 592 224.537. 544 Own incomes , out of whic h: 26. 500.000 31. 276.672 45. 570.000 Profit t ax 1.133. 000 789.233 Free lanc e inc ome t ax 700,.00 111.833 Natural persons building tax 5.435. 000 6.886. 505 8.000. 000 Natural persons vehicle tax 1.180. 000 1.203. 392 1.600. 000 Leas e inc ome t ax 100.000 2.283 Premium inc ome t ax 11. 000 Non-salar y inc ome t ax 1.710. 000 51. 014 Natural person land t ax 1.100. 000 1.612. 715 1.950. 000 Other t axes and c harges paid by t he populati on 3.100. 000 4.109. 092 5.500. 000 Charges for t he right t o us e st at e owned land 160.000 150.581 130.000 Legal persons buildi ng tax 2.530. 000 5.516. 035 11. 000.000 Legal persons l and t ax 1.200. 000 1.747. 646 2.250. 000 Legal persons vehicle tax 1.500. 000 2.332. 004 3.000. 000 Other t axes Show business taxes 40. 000 37. 511 50. 000 Fees f or licenses and aut horizati ons 308.195 750.000 Extra-judiciar y charges 1.100. 000 1.510. 576 3.000. 000 Other circulation r elated inc omes 900.000 1.068. 859 3.000. 000 Veterinarian dispensar y charges 10.000 Other inc omes obt ained from public institutions 1.100. 000 70. 947 Legal expenses c ompensati ons 108.000 12. 778 Fines 390.000 115.685 340.000 Funds r estituti on from previous years 5.367 Concessions and leas es 2.933. 000 3.356. 297 4.500. 000 Other inc omes 20. 000 114.044 Goods sales 40. 000 164.800 500.000 VAT amounts 79. 182.381 99. 472.071 Income tax shares 41. 000.000 57. 093.842 63. 000.000 Salar y t ax shares 2.500. 000 3.118. 180 Disabled persons 900.000 1.874. 733 Amounts granted f or social s upport benefits and 1.830. 473 disability benefits Amounts granted f or thermal power subsidies 1.490. 600 11. 009.681 13. 865.000 Special F unds, out of which: 12. 000.000 1.121. 103 800.000 a) special c harges b) amounts grant ed for public roads rehabilitation 5.000.000 c) hous e building funds 6.800. 000 1.103. 516 500.000 d) donati ons and spons oring 100.000 17. 587 300.000 e) goods s ales 100.000 Subsidi es Circulating funds 56
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Table No. 2. Comparison between the Distribution of the Income and Expense Budget per Expense Chapters and Sub-Chapters during the Period 1999-2000
1999 2000 % % thousands lei thousands lei TOTAL expenses 56. 421.570 100 84.390.600 100 Out of which: Executi ve authorities 51. 02 6.450. 000 11. 43 83. 500.000 9.89 Educ ation 57.02 7.925. 000 14. 05 12.082.000 14. 32 Health 58.02 850.000 1.51 850.000 1.01 Out of which: Blood Transf usion Centre 625.000 750.000 Kindergarten 225.000 100.000 Hospital, Dispens ary, Orphan Homes Culture, creeds, sports 59. 02 6.300. 000 11. 16 9.700. 000 11. 49 Out of which: Library 770.000 1.350. 000 "Szekler" Museum 1.130. 000 1.600. 000 Municipal Theatr e 800.000 1.450. 000 Municipal House of Cult ure 1.200. 000 1.350. 0000 "Szekler" Danc e Ass embl y 1.700. 000 2.450. 000 Sports Association 700.000 1.500. 000 Social assist anc e 60. 02 2.000. 000 4.78 2.915. 000 3.47 Out of which: Thermal power subsi dy 1.378. 000 2.540. 000 Disables persons benefits 1,700, 000 Public S ervic es 63.02 26. 478.070 46. 93 37. 930.600 44. 94 - roads maintenanc e 6.980. 000 13.115.000 - public lighting 1.092. 000 1.600. 000 - sanitati on 2.935. 000 3.725. 000 - green spots 2.911. 000 4.200. 000 - wat er suppl y 264.070 700.000 - thermal power station networ ks 8.587. 000 3.190. 600 - sewerage 605.000 4.175. 000 - other public acti vities and ser vices 3.104. 000 7.225. 000 Agriculture 67.02 220.500 0.39 Public transportation 68.02 902.000 1.60 Other economic acti vities 72.02 175.000 0.31 553.000 0.66 Special des tinati on expens es 96. 02 4.421. 000 7.84 12. 000.000 14. 22 Interes t payments 89.02 Loan rei mburs ement 90.02 57
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Table No. 3. Comparison between the Distribution of the Income and Expense Budget per Expense Chapters and Sub-Chapters During the Period 2001-2002
2001 2002 prop thousands lei % thousands lei % TOTAL EXPENSES 207.414. 126 100 224.537. 544 100 Out of which Executi ve authorities. 51.02 14.300.000 6.89 14.700.000 6.54 Educ ation 57.02 102.517. 243 49. 42 118.668. 154 52. 85 Health 58.02 1,.569. 000 0.75 2.150. 000 0.95 Out of which: Blood Transf usion Center 635.312 1.200. 000 Kindergarten 933.688 950.000 Culture, creeds, sports 59. 02 13. 800,000 6.65 18. 400.000 8.19 Out of which: Library 2.000. 000 2.350. 000 "Szekler" Museum 2.500. 000 2.950. 000 Municipal Theatr e 2.900. 000 3.400. 000 Cultural calendar 1.750. 000 "Szekler" Assembl y 3.500. 000 4.150. 000 Sports association 2.900. 000 3.200. 000 Religious creeds 300,000 Yout h c ultural program 300000 Social assist anc e 60.02 4.615. 733 2.22 7.580. 473 3.37 Out of which: Social support canteen 1.000. 000 1.200. 000 Social support benefit 140.000 1.830. 473 Birth benefit 80. 000 100.000 Disabled persons benefits 2.274. 733 3.300. 000 Emergenc y support benefit 294.000 200.000 Night shelters 763.000 300.000 Thermal power subsi dy 650.000 Foundati on s ubsidi es. 64. 000 Public ser vices 63.02 53. 499.130 25. 79 57.466.341 25. 59 - road mai ntenance 14. 155.822 6.000. 000 - public lighting 2.673. 000 3.200. 000 - sanitati on 4.173. 000 5.550. 000 - green spots 17. 511 3.450. 000 - water suppl y 650.000 350.000 - ther mal power st ation net wor ks 14. 507.681 31. 474.912 - sewerage 2.838. 742 - other public acti vities and s ervic es 13. 264.981 6.262. 341 -housing - invest ment expenses 1.218. 393 1.179. 088 Agriculture 67.02 125.000 0.06 124.000 0.05 Public transport 68. 02 325.000 0.15 Other actions 72. 02 1.230. 000 0.59 2.555. 200 1.13 Civil Defense 650.000 1.366. 000 Military Center 115.000 135.000 58
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2001 2002 prop thousands lei % thousands lei % Population census 465.000 1.054. 200 Child prot ection 84.02 930.531 0.45 1.093. 376 0.48 Special des tinati on expens es Budget reser ve fund 95. 02 1.000. 000 0.44 Special des tinati on expens es 96. 02 11. 200.000 5.39 800.000 0.36 Goods sales 500.000 Expenses from the public road fund 9.000. 000 Expenses from the housing f und 1.350. 000 500.000 Real estate book 150.000 Expenses from donations and s pons oring 200.000 300.000
Finance and strategi c planning i s impossible due to - Shares of the VAT the changes that occur in the legi slati on. Local A 90% increase in local taxes and charges is budgets for the followi ng 2 years cannot be estimated estimated, according to Government Resolution for the same reason. 188/2002. The percentage rai sed by personal incomes The estimation of the financial resources of the town is will increase due to inflation, and the shares of the the following: income tax shall be insignificant. The VAT shares cover the expenses incurred for the teaching staff. - Local taxes and charges: about 25% of the 88% of the total revenues are represented by in com e s subsidies and budgetary allocations (expenses whi ch - Shares of the salary income: about 75% of are directly transferred to the central authorities), the in come s therefore only 12% will remain at the disposal of the - Shares of the income tax: about 0% town. Thi s amount is used for the implementati on of the development programs and sub-programs.
III.4. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES AND IDENTIFIED PROJECTS
III.4.1. Natural Environments and Constructions
Item VALUE SPECIFIC OBJETIVES FINANCING PROJECT TITLE PERIOD INSTITUTION PARTNERS MONI TORING No. (Euro) Organization of an Mayoral ty + Organization of the Miercurea Ciuc 2002- Mayoral ty Mayoral ty 1. 3,8 mil. Goscom ecological waste storage Others ecological waste storage 2007 Goscom Office LA21 Feasibility survey regarding the Introduction of the selective introduction of the selective 5000 ONG Mayoral ty + 2002- Mayoral ty 2. collecting and recycling of collecting and recycling of wastes Mayoral ty REMAT Others 2006 Office LA21 wastes Introduction of the selective 20000 other SC collecting and recycling of wastes Expansion and re- Mayoral ty + Expansion and re-engineering of the 2002- Goscom 3. engineering of the water Goscom Goscom water filtering station 2007 filtering station Others Office LA21 59
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Item VALUE SPECIFIC OBJETIVES FINANCING PROJECT TITLE PERIOD INSTITUTION PARTNERS MONI TORING No. (Euro) Rehabilitation and expansion of the Rehabilitation and potable water network in Cioboteni expansion of the potable Expansion of the potable water water network, of the network in Szék street domestic and rain water Mayoral ty + Goscom Goscom 4. Domestic and rain water sewerage in Goscom sewerage network, Others the Taploca quarter other SC Office LA21 detection of the connections between the sewerage Domestic water sewerage in Jigodin systems Rehabilitation of the town sewerage system
Pre-feasibility, feasibility and Goscom, SC Building a water filtering Mayoral ty + execution study regarding potable 2005- Mayoral ty 5. 50000 Nemetalifere station in Harghita Băi Others water supply, sewerage, building of a 2012 Office LA21 water filtering station in Harghita Băi. SA Construction of bicycle Mayoral ty + Designing the bicycle tracks i-15 km 2003 Mayoral ty 6. Mayoral ty SGA tracks Others Construction of the bicycle tracks 2006 Office LA21 Modernization of the traffic Modernization of the traffic system in network and system, the central area of the town functional separation of Mayoral ty + Building roundabout traffic arterial ONG Mayoral ty 7. Mayoral ty various traffic categories, Others roads schools Office LA21 creation of alignment Creation of alignment plantations plantations along the streets Rehabilitation of the road covering Improvement of road quality layer along 9500 sqm of damaged Mayoral ty 8. Mayoral ty SC in the whole town streets Office LA21 Current street repairs Culture Establishing protection Mayoral ty + Establishing protection areas for Mayoral ty 9. areas for monuments and monuments and historic value Mayoral ty Inspectorate Others Office LA21 historic value buildings buildings Commission Establishing a protection Mayoral ty + Establishing a protection scenery Mayoral ty 10 scenery and ecological and ecological areas on the Şumuleu Mayoral ty ONG areas on the Şumuleu hill Others hill Office LA21 Developing new parks in Modernization of the park in the Mayoral ty the Lunca Mare, Topliţa, Mayoral ty + Lunca Mare 2003- Office LA21 11. Mayoral ty ONG Şuta, Jigodin and Spicului Others Topliţa, Şuta, Băile Jigodin and 2010 IPM areas Spicului areas Organization and Study regarding the organization and development of the development of the entertainment tourism entertainment areas Şuta, areas Şuta, Jigodin Băi, Băile companies Jigodin Băi, Băile Miercurea Mayoral ty + Miercurea Ciuc, Şumuleu 2003- Mayoral ty 12. Mayoral ty Ciuc, Şumuleu Utilization of Others Study regarding the utilization of the 2007 Office LA21 the medicinal mineral water medicinal mineral water reserves in Health reserves in accordance with accordance with the local departments the local possibilities possibilities Delimitation of the hydro- Goscom geological protection Delimitation of the hydro-geological National perimeter of the town protection perimeter of the town Agency for potable water collecting Mayoral ty + potable water collecting front 2003- Mayoral ty 13. Goscom Mineral front and systematic 2006 Others Systematic following of the Resources Office LA21 following of the quantitative quantitative and qualitative evolution (ANRM) and qualitative evolution of of the potable water reserves the potable water reserves SGA Delimitation of the sanitary Delimitation of the sanitary and and hydro-geological Mayoral ty Mayoral ty + hydro-geological protection ANMR 14. protection perimeter of the Mayoral ty ANMR perimeter of the mineral water mineral water sources of Others SGA sources of Harghita Băi Office LA21 Harghita Băi Sustained management of Development of the Şuta forest as a Mayoral ty the forests, delimitation of Mayoral ty + park-forest 2003- Forest Forest 15. protected forests, Composesorate 2010 department Inspectorate development of the Şuta Others Delimitation of protected forests on forest as a park area the town administrative territory Office LA21 60
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Item VALUE SPECIFIC OBJETIVES FINANCING PROJECT TITLE PERIOD INSTITUTION PARTNERS MONI TORING No. (Euro) Organization of seminars regarding Re-utilization of sawdust as Mayoral ty + 2003- Mayoral ty IPM IPM 16. the utilization of sawdust for power fuel 2005 Others generating purposes ONG ONG Office LA21 Designi n g and equipping f a Mayoral ty + Designing and equipping a storage 2005- Mayoral ty 17. storage facility for Mayoral ty IPM facility for hazardous wastes 2012 hazardous wastes Others Office LA21 Drafting a study regarding Ecological Ecological reconstruction of Mayoral ty + reconstruction of peat bogs 2003- Mayoral ty Mayoral ty 18. peat bogs. Others Execution design, environment 2006 Office LA21 protection works Rehabilitation and Drafting a study on the rehabilitation protection of the wet areas Mayoral ty + and protection of the wet areas Mayoral ty Mayoral ty 19. located in the areas lunca located in the areas lunca Olt Olt waterside, development Others waterside, development of marshy Office LA21 Office LA21 of marshy lands lands Initiation of a survey Initiation of a survey referring to the referring to the rehabilitation Mayoral ty + rehabilitation of the Olt river bed Mayoral ty RAIF Mayoral ty 20. of the Olt river bed. Concluding of a contract Others Fulfilment of the provisions of the office LA21 SGA Office LA21 regarding the river Olt contract regarding the river Olt Evaluation of the current situation and establishing the necessary measures regarding the access of Assure access for physically disabled persons to public physically disabled people buildings institutions, in accordance NGO to public buildings with the provisions of legislation in 2002- Mayoral ty Mayoral ty 21. Mayoral ty Disabled institutions, in accordance force. Initiation of an awareness 2004 Office LA21 persons Office LA21 with the provisions of the campaign regarding access for association. legislation in force physically disabled persons to public buildings institutions, in accordance with the provisions of the legislation in force
III.4.2. Economic Resources
Item VALUE SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES FINANCING PROJECT TITLE Period Instituti on PARTNERS Moni tored b y No. (Euro) Complex evaluation of agricultural Office for area in Miercurea Ciuc (fertility, Pedology Mayoral ty Agricultural pollution level, ecological 4,000 1 Year Research research District characteristics etc.) IPM Agricultural Evaluation of agricultural centre Consulting Office areas, soil quality Mayoral ty Mayoral ty categories, drafting the Cattle Breeder District 1. agricultural areas Association, Council exploitation plan Micro Regional Credits Development Efficient use of agricultural areas Association Improvement of cattle breeds, Applying Alcsik (ADMA), Improvement of agricultural activities Potato Institution 25,000 2 Years Mayoral ty in the villages at the outskirts of the Producers Mayoral ty town Association 61
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Item VALUE SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES FINANCING PROJECT TITLE Period Instituti on PARTNERS Moni tored b y No. (Euro) Development of the agricultural Mayoral ty infrastructure in Miercurea Ciuc 45,000 2 Years Entre- LAM (stables, watering places etc.) preneurs Foundation Mayoral ty Specialized Foundations Assurance of optimum Producers Support of local economy (especially Ma r ke t 2. conditions for efficient and of food industry) in Miercurea Ciuc Milk Processing Mayoral ty 6,000 Administra agricultural activities entrepreneurs by subsidies, support for lease Industry tion UKKA expenses SC. Harmopan SA. Organization of stands for local 1,000 0,5 Year ADMA producers Rehabilitation of the Şuta lake. Organization of a recreation area 60,000 2 Years ADMA Exploitation of non- Mayoral ty Planting spoiled forest lands 12,000 1 Years Sports Fishing agricultural lands no longer Land owners 3. Mayoral ty Association in use for agricultural Partnership 3,000 3 Years (AJVPS) purposes Foundation Creation of protected areas IPM Creation of three lakes (fish ponds 6,000 3 Years and recreation) in Jigodin Mayoral ty Forest department 4. Creation of seed beds Mayoralty Expansion of horticultural activities 4,000 2 Years Mayoralty Agricultural Plant Protection Department Granting support and Organization of training courses in District professional counselling to the field of agriculture, animal 4,000 2 Years Mayoral ty Agricultural breeding, plant growing (potatoes Consulting agriculture entrepreneurs Mayoral ty and fodder plants) Develop-ment Office 5. Phare office. Professional UE funds Creation of a centre for classification Associations Support of innovation of ecologic al products and foods (bio 60,000 2 Years ADMA Sapientia activities food) University Development of partnerships .Sapientia between producers and processors University Funds from - organization of professional Office for Improvement of agricultural local sources NGO pedology 6. meetings 2,000 2 Years products quality and from the - organization of seminars ADMA District Ciuc region Agricultural - promoting natural values Consulting - promoting bio-culture methods Office Entrepre- neurs Drafting a regional strategy regarding public transportation in the 2,000 1 Year Mayoral ty Local Councils Improvement of urban-rural region (Ciuc) Cattle in the Ciuc area 7. Local funds Breeders relations Association Creating a partnership between milk 2,000 1 Year ADMA producers and processors Milk Processing Company Phare Creation of a regional collection FOREST network 4,000 1 Year Creation of a center for Sapard Local DEPARTMENT 8 collecting and processing of Credits entrepre-neurs Local councils mushrooms and forest fruits Foreign Creation of a processing plant 30,000 2 Years BIIC District councils Investors Promotion of ecological products 62
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Item VALUE SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES FINANCING PROJECT TITLE Period Instituti on PARTNERS Moni tored b y No. (Euro) Establishing a professional slaughter-house according to the Phare District councils standards of the EU and of the 400,000 Entrepre- National neurs District Granting financial support to national legislation 9. Budget Office for Department for Meat processing companies Private consumer Cattle Breeding Development of slaughter houses Capital 35,000 protection Mayoral ty and of meat processing small and medium enterprises 30,000 Development of infrastructure 16,000 Companies in Phare Creation of green spots Clarification of ownership 12.000 industrial areas national Renovation and re-commissioning of 10. right, development of 3 Years Mayoralty Chamber of budget buildings in the industrial area in keeping industrial areas with the Commerce and private Capital Granting facilities related to fixed existing Industry CCI expenses funds Creation of adequate infrastructure conditions (land, plans, investors) Evaluation and creation of a data Mayoral ty Chamber of base including potential companies Commerce and Mayoral ty Foreign Industry CCI Sapientia Implementation, assistance for the Invest-ments 11. Creation of an IT park 150,000 3 Years Twin towns University establishing of small and medium Private Capital sized enterprises (high- tech Companies, Entrepreneurs Phare companies, mobile telephone Institutions companies, information technology, UE funds Research Centre of the Sapientia University) Sapientia Structure of Professional University Competitiveness in Economy Regional research in the 10,000/ field of economy and Research Complex Research Project year institute Sapientia industry Editing a periodical specialty Mayoral ty "Si c ul us " University Editing publications in the publication District councils Work Group in field ( distributed in 3 districts) Entrepreneurs 12. the field of 5,000/ 1 Year Chamber of Organization of seminars, in the region Cultural year Commerce conferences and training and in the Anthropology Organization of five consumer goods and Industry courses in the field of exhibitions yearly, for the promotion district Chamber of CCI economic efficiency for local of products manufactured in the entrepreneurs Commerce 30,000 and Industry district (2 exhibitions specialized in CCI food products) Project Jigod i n (sewerage, fish pond, hotel, recreation) Project Băile Harghita (sky routes, 500,000 Local water and sewerage ducts, 2 Years Mayoral ty 1,000,000 reconstruction of the district road and 3 Years companies,
Phare of the sap roads, insurance of public Mayoral ty Villa owners, IMH services, tax collecting) Local people, NGO IMH, local EU Funds Sports councils Defining areas of tourist Agenda 21 Rehabilitation of the Şuta lake (lake Associa-tions Tourinfo office interest SGA cleaning, creation of a habitat 300,000 adequate for the fauna and flora, 2 Years Entrepre- Tourism 13. Entrepre- creation of protection areas, neurs Organizations Drafting and implementation neurs construction of an alley near the AJVPS Mayoral ty of of integral tourist programs Mayoral ty lake, construction of a parking lot) (District Sports Sâncrăieni
AJVPS Establishing the Town Directorship 10,000/ Hunter and Composeso- 2 Years Fisher NGO for Stands and Mineral Waters year rate Association National (development,, fund raising, drafting Entrepreneurs of projects and strategies, creation of budget Financial a partnership with the entrepreneurs) 5 Years 800,000 Institutions Organization of a Winter Olympic Game Center (for sports events, professional athletes camps) 63
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Item VALUE SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES FINANCING PROJECT TITLE Period Instituti on PARTNERS Moni tored b y No. (Euro) Training centres for small and Chamber of Improvement of the quality medium sized companies Commerce Mayoral ty Chamber of of management of small Phare + management: 2003- 14. 18,000 and Industry Sapientia Commerce and and medium sized Management 2004 A CCI, University Industry CCI companies Marketing BIIC Company financing Creation of a centre provided with a data basis including exhibitions to be organized 2003 Mayoral ty Support for the participation of Krónika Support for local companies companies in exhibitions, fairs CCI Sapientia UKKA for the insurance of human 2003 ITDH University Chamber of 15. resources and sale market Phare, ITDH + Establishing a commercial company 4,000 Commerce and 2002 Krónika AOFMH for their products (increase A dealing with personnel recruitment Industry CCI and training of export) BIIC CCI BIIC Creation of a centre (office) for the 2003 BIIC monitoring of the possibilities of attracting capital (non-reimbursable funds, preferential credits)
Construction of an airport in P+A Drafting the feasibility study 2002- Mayoral ty 16. Multi-national Mayoral ty the region Government Construction of the airport 2012 Government companies P+A Mayoral ty Stimulation of re-engineering by 2012 Foreign facilities granted by the Mayoralty Chamber of Chamber of Re-engineering of 17. financing regarding local taxes and charges, Commerce and Commerce and commercial companies lines, for a certain period of time Banks, Industry CCI Industry CCI investment Company re-engineering proper 2006 financial credits institutions Attracting investments in top industries, modern technology, Sapientia Attracting of foreign software industry, by assuring 2003- University 18. investments in various fields P+A Mayoral ty Mayoral ty advantageous conditions for the 2007 UBB of industry investors (headquarters, labour, Goscom infrastructure) District council Mayoral ty 19 Promotion of tourism P+A Tourism exhibition and conference 10,000 10 Years Tourist Mayoral ty
Association HR. Tourist Tourism personnel training Tourinfo office associations 20 Assistance and training P+A Specialized assistance 10 Years Sapientia District councils Mayoral ty University Exchanges of experience Tourinfo office Specialists in. Jigodin Health Center balneology 21 Health Care Tourism P+A Băile Harghita Health Center 10 Years Tourinfo office Tourism Mayoral ty Szecseny Recreation Center Agencies OGA Composeso- rate Creation of a regional tourism ADMA Development of tourism in 2 Years Mayoral ty 22 P+A network Tourinfo office Tourism the region 10 Years Development of rural tourism agencies Local mayoralties
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III.4.3. Social and human resources
Item VAL. SPECIFICE OBJECTIVES FINANCING PROIECT TITLE PER. INST. PARTENER MONI T No. (Euro) 3,000/an Training for community development (5 times a for pubic administration leaders year) Institutions Training for community development 4,000/an Diminishing the number of specialized in Mayoral ty for managers of big commercial (4 times a 2002- Mayoral ty Mayoral ty 1. people who leave their community companies year) 2012 domicile EU Funds development Office LA21 Community programs destined to the 50,000/ training town population: town day, potato an (10 days, etc. times a year) Mayoral ty Construction of a sports centre 2,500,000 Construction of a recreation EU Funds Construction of a swimming pool 850,000 2002- Mayoral ty Commercial Mayoral ty 2. centre Local Construction of a live music club 50,000 2007 companies Office LA21 companies Construction of a bowling hall 40,000 Training regarding attracting of foreign investors Mayoral ty Training in marketing and sale Institutions EU Funds 25,000/ 2002- Mayoral ty 3. Creation of new jobs strategies Mayoral ty specialized in year 2012 Local PR Training training Office LA21 companies Training in finding of funding sources Training in project drafting Mayoral ty Training in modalities of spare time Institutions 4000/ 2002- Mayoral ty 4. Life quality improvement District recreation activities Mayoral ty specialized in Sanitary year 2012 Office LA21 training Department Training regarding stress caused diseases Training regarding healthy life styles Mayoral ty Presentations regarding the negat i ve Improvement of life 5000/ 2002- Specialized Mayoral ty 5. District effects of smoking, alcohol and drug Mayoral ty expectation year 2012 Institutions Sanitary consumption Office LA21 Department Presentations on hygiene topics Presentations on virus caused diseases perma- Mayoral ty Support for poor persons Improvement of public services Mayoral ty Office LA 21 and families should be nent. Social 6. quality Social CLC based on a well established 2003- institutions Training for public servants institutions Local council system and professionalism 2005 Experts Each citizen of the town Program of professional training and Department of should be offered the 2003- Department of Labour and orientation Office LA 21 possibility to carry out an 2005 Labour and Social 7. Social CLC activity, taking into account Protection the physical and intellectual Protection. Local Council 2003 Mayoral ty possibilities of each person Study regarding life quality Mayoral ty who is in a difficult situation NGO Continuation of the process of eliminating large orphan EU Funds Office LA 21 houses and establishing a EU Funds in 8. system of accommodating CJ CJ CLC District council progress abandoned children in ONG Local Council family house or in the maternal assistants system 65
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Item VAL. SPECIFICE OBJECTIVES FINANCING PROIECT TITLE PER. INST. PARTENER MONI T No. (Euro) Study regarding the values of the 2003 families who live in the town CJ CJ Office LA 21 Diminishing the the number EU Funds 9. Mayoral ty ONG CLC of abandoned children District council 2002- Awareness Program regarding basic Mayoral ty Local Council 2004 human values Penitentiary CJ Increase in the number of Seminar regarding possibilities of Penitentia-ry Office LA 21 convicts who are offered the cooperation between the Miercurea Not appli- 2002- Mayoral ty 10. Not applicable CJ CLC possibility to work outside Ciuc penitentiary and the employers' cable 2004 Employers' Local Council the penitentiary associations Associations Civil society Construction of a new Government of Office LA 21 Government 2002- Government of 11. penitentiary outside the Miercurea Ciuc Penitentiary Romania CLC of Romania 2008 Romania town centre Mayoral ty, CJ Local Council Government of Office LA 21 Construction of a preventive Government Miercurea Ciuc preventive 2002- Government of 12. Romania CLC imprisonment house of Romania imprisonment house 2006 Romania Mayoral ty, CJ Local Council Association Physically Physically for Physically Disabled Establishing of a Disabled Office LA 21 Disabled Rehabilitation Center for Physically 2002- Persons' 13. rehabilitation centre for 1,000,000 Persons' CLC Persons Disables Persons. 2005 Association disabled persons Association Mayoral ty Harghita Local Council Harghita Donations Mayoral ty Salvator Foundation Office LA 21 Establishing an old people's Foundation 2002- Foundation 14. Miercurea Ciuc old people' home 800,000 Salvator CLC home Mayoral ty 2004 Salvator Mayoral ty Local Council Donations Religious Religious religious creeds Office LA 21 Development of the town 10 ceme- 2002- 15. creeds Development of cemeteries creed Mayoral ty, CLC cemeteries teries 2004 Mayoral ty Mayoral ty Prefecture, CJ Local Council School School Increase the number of Inspectorate, Inspectorate, Office LA 21 Rroma children who attend 2002- 16. Rroma Rroma CLC pre-school and school 2003 association association, education institutions Local Council Mayoral ty Mayoral ty School School Assurance of the Inspectorate Inspectorate, Office LA 21 participation of all Rroma 2002- 17. Rroma Rroma CLC children in the education 2005 association association, process Local Council Mayoral ty Mayoral ty Participation of the Rroma School School children in education when Inspectorate Inspectorate Office LA 21 2002- 18. they reach the legal school Rroma Rroma CLC 2006 age, without any association association Local Council discrimination Mayoral ty Mayoral ty Development and consolidation of partnership Religious Office LA 21 relations between churches, Mixed Commission for Christian Religious 19. Perman creeds CLC by means of common Charity Actions creeds religious and charity NGO Local Council programs Office LA 21 Creation of a tolerant Common festivities organized by the Religious Religious 20. Not applicable perman. CLC religious environment religious creeds in Miercurea Ciuc creeds creeds Local Council Establishing of several professional Cooperation with the town Office LA 21 alliances NGO 21. c i vi l s oci ety perman. Mayoralty CLC Counselling Programs civil society – Mayoral ty
administration Local Council 66
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Item VAL. SPECIFICE OBJECTIVES FINANCING PROIECT TITLE PER. INST. PARTENER MONI T No. (Euro) Qualitative and quantitative Establishing of several professional Office LA 21 development of the alliances NGO 22. programs organized by the perman. Mayoralty CLC Counselling Programs civil society – Mayoral ty non-governmental Local Council organizations in the town administration NGO Realization of a public Establishing of several professional Mayoral ty Office LA 21 partnership between the alliances 23. local administration, perman. Mayoralty Employers' CLC Counselling Programs civil society – business entities, civil Associations administration Local Council society and citizens Citizens
III.4.4. Education and Training
Item VALUE SPECIFIC OBJETIVES FINANCING PROJECT TITLE PERIOD INSTITUTION PARTNER MONI TORING No. (Euro) School Inspectorate Monitoring the offer of EU Funds Higher professional training and Local council education post high school education, District council 2003 – institutions in technical and higher 6,000/ Cons. Local Office LA 21, 1. Information Centre EDUCATIO implem. M-Ci u c education programs, at a Local council year Mayoral ty Local Council local and national level of the town perman. AGORA Foundation Permanently updated data twins of base M. Ci u c Similar initiatives of town towns Supplying information on School education and training Inspectorate possibilities Vocational counseling for young EU Funds 2003 – Higher 6,000/ Cons. Local education Office LA 21, 2. people. Local council CAREER CENTER implem. year Mayoral ty Institutions in Local council Perman. Monitoring the career District council M-Ci u c evolution of high school graduates and permanent AGORA supervising of requirements Foundation Organization and financing Sapientia Local council, regional and economic University Sapientia Univ., studies Chamber of 2003 – Commerce 12,000/ Chamber of Office LA 21, 3. Popularization by forum, Regional Study Center implem. Commerce and and industry,, year Local Council public debates, exhibitions, Research perman. Industry public seminars and Institute Research publications Siculus Institute Siculus Develop a partnership between training institutions Professional which render education Technical and services, economy, higher representatives of civil EU Funds CONSENS M III. society and the local public 2003 – Education Local and Bureau of coordination and synthesis 5,000/ Local Council Institutions in Office LA 21, 4. administration for drawing implem. County Work group year Mayoral ty Local Council up a strategy for the town perman. Miercurea Ciuc development by a Councils Half yearly conferences Chamber of substantial development of Commerce and education Industry, Implementation of the AJOFM concept of life long learning 67
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Item VALUE SPECIFIC OBJETIVES FINANCING PROJECT TITLE PERIOD INSTITUTION PARTNER MONI TORING No. (Euro) Hose of Culture of Trade unions Foundations and Creating a framework for: associations with training Cooperation between the Local and Office LA 21, MUTUAL ACADEMY/ FREE 2003 – Local Council and education 5. informal education actors County CLC UNIVERSITATY perman. activities, Organization of professional Councils Sapientia Univ., Local Council training programs Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Research Inst. Siculus Finalization of the investment in the centre of Fund. the town and its use for Sapientia, Sapientia Univ., higher education and EU Funds, 2003- Local Council. Office LA 21, 6. professional training SCIENTISTS' HOUSE 2.100.000 Local and 2007 purposes (classrooms, District council Local Council university library, County SC HH 2000 documentation center, Councils conference center, etc.) Training and education programs in the following fields: Tourist guides Ecological tourism Production Management Sapientia and Agricultural activities University, 4,000/ 2003 – Office LA 21, 7. Tourism Management CCI Training and education programs Cons. Local progr perman. Local Council Cultural Management Local Council Services Utilization of information technology Food Industry Quality Assurance Bio Food (BIO) Offer of seminars for popularisation and education for students and young people in the Sapientia, Univ. following fields: School Flora and fauna of the Inspectorate, 2003 – Teaching Staff Office LA 21, region Local Council Popularisation and education 3,000/ 8. perman House CLC Architecture, design seminars progr implem.. Environment Culture AGORA Found. Local council Geology, speleology, Civil hydrology associations in the field Popular and scientific Meteorology Horticulture
III.4.5. Culture
Item VALUE SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES FINANC-ING PROJECT TITLE PERIOD INSTITUTION PARTNER MONI TORING No. (Euro) 68
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Item VALUE SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES FINANC-ING PROJECT TITLE PERIOD INSTITUTION PARTNER MONI TORING No. (Euro) Museum renovation and modernization 150,000
Base exhibitions (ethnography, old books, arts) Found. Illyés, Popularisation (catalogues) 2003 – Mayoral ty Secuiesc Ciuc Museum NKOM, Illyes Office LA 21, 1. Renovation of the memorial 2004 Secuiesc Ciuc Live museum NKA Foundation Mayoral ty museums in the area (Nagy Imre, 80,000 perman. Museum Márton Ferenc, Nagy István)
Development of the ethnographical park Organization of cultural programs, 60,000 serviced (canteen, book sale, 60,000 catalogues) Professional training 6,000/ 2003 CCS AJOFM year Office LA 21, Cultural Center Bartók Béla SOCRATES Organization of exhibitions, support 2. in the Trade Unions House for amateur artists 2003 CCS Cultural Centre, Mayoral ty Found. Illyés 5,000 NGO of Culture (CCS) CLC Cultural Efficient use of the building for 2003 CCS 5,000 Institutions cultural purposes Mayoral ty Program offers during the White Office LA 21, Şumuleu –Religious 5,000/ ONG 3. NKOM Sunday pilgrimage Organization of 2003 Roman- Mayoral ty Patrimony year religious exhibitions catholic Tourinfo office church CLC Found.Illyes Town days 50,000 NKA Summer Program in Miercurea Ciuc 40,000 Office LA 21, Representative cultural NKOM 4. Meeting of the Secui girls 10.,000 annual Mayoralty Mayoral ty programs Community Old music Festival 20,000 CLC Cultural 20,000 Department .Illyes National Office LA 21, Folk Dance House Organization Secuiesc 5. Traditions NKA 20.000/an annual Invited groups Mayoral ty (local folk dances,guests) Assembly NKOM Harghita CLC
III.5. INSTITUTIONAL Sustai nabl e Development Strategy and of the Local Acti on Plan, together wi th the above MONITORING AND EVALUATION menti oned offices. The work instrument for the STRUCTURES monitoring and evaluation process will be the System of Sustainable Development Indi cators at a local level. Offices of the Miercurea Ciuc mayoralty, coordinated by vice-mayor Papp Előd: • Offi ce for development, prognosi s, envi ronment III.6. ANNEXES protection and international relations • Technical offi ce, investments, publi c works • The Local Coordination Office AL21 and the i ercurea Ciuc currently has no proj ects wi th forei gn town Local Council will monitor and evaluate M the process of implementation of the Local or budget financi ng; 69
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Priority Projects: Asso cia tio n, comme rci al compa nie s: Fren ch Ba ke ry, Harmopan SA and Potato Research and Producti on • Extension and moderni zi ng of the used waters Company (to support the social assistance canteen) coll ecting and treatment system in Mi ercurea Ciuc Education, culture, sports and recreation: Sports Club • Organizati on and development of the recreation Favori , Harghi ta Vi sual Art, Foundations Talentum, areas Suta, Băil e Ji godi n, Băile Miercurea Ciuc, Pörgettyű, Soros, Nagy István school Foundation, Şumuleu, utili zation of the medi ci nal water Agora, Sapientia University. sources From among the local counci l deci sions whi ch were at • Insurance of the access of the physicall y the basis of the programs, sub-programs and projects, disabled persons to public institutions we can mention the local BVC • Achi evement of an i nformation technology park "T winning Muni cipal s”: Riehen (CH), Gödöllő (H), • Diversification of the diary products Kaposvár (H), Makó (H), Beregszász (UK), Bălţi (MO), Zseliz (SK), Gyula (H), Óbuda (H), Cegléd (H), • Modernization of the wood processing industry Óbecse (H), Heves (H), Budakeszi (H), • Introduction of innovations in the wood Ti szaúj vá ro s(H). processing industry and in the food industry Establ i shing a local slaughter-house i n Distribution of the administrative territory of Miercurea Miercurea Ciuc Ciuc, according to the data communicated in the letter sent by OCAOTA Harghi ta, No.1065/27.08.1998: • Organizati on of the touri sm conference and exhi bition „T URISM 2002” Total : 11,766 ha • Delimitation of the recreation and tourism areas Agriculture: 6,124 ha, out of which: in Miercurea Ciuc arable: 1,486 ha • Old people's home pastures: 2,118 ha • Scientists' House • Career center hay fields: 2,520 ha • Free University CONSENS M III non-agricultural: 5,642 ha out of which: • Li ve Mu se um. Arts col le cti on s forest: 4,890 ha • Designing and building a sports center water: 54 ha • Buildi ng a swimming pool roads: 165 ha Cooperation between distri cts and regions yards, constructions: 506 ha • ADRC (Regional and Central Development Agency) - financi ng of the design for the wall s non-productive: 27 ha surrounding the Mikó fortress The existing built-up area, as per local development • MUDP (Muni ci pal Units Development Program). pl an Miercurea Ci uc project No. 248/1994, occupies It was created the Association for rehabili tation an area of 1562.6 ha and consists in: of the local infrastructure of the Harghita district related to the potable water suppl y systems The town of Miercurea Ciuc (including Jigodin-Băi representi ng 41,5 ha) and the component localiti es: Public - private partnerships in the following fields: 1,430 ha Environment Protection: Foundati on for Partnership, Harghi ta Băi : 53.5 ha Foundations Ri ehen, Pro Animalia, Al csi k Micro- Regional Association. Ciba: 79.1 ha Economy: Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Center for Innovation and Incubation. Operation areas ha % Soci al -humanitarian: Foundations Handi cap, Sal vator, Public institutions, services 57 3,99 Cari tas, Ri ehen, Csibesz, Szent Vince, Rroma 70
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Operation areas ha % Operation areas ha % Housing 447 31,26 Railway communication networks 33 2,32 Industrial, agricultural units 247,5 17,31 Road communication networks 46 3,22 Parks, recreation areas 65 4,54 Special destination area 7,9 0,51 Recreation area 20 1,4 Non-built lands 5 0,35 Natural green spots, forests 180,5 12,62 Land permanently under water 14,5 1,02 Communal households, cemeteries 17 1,19 Agricultural land 194,4 13,59 Technical building networks 21,6 1,52
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IV. PRIORITY PROJECTS (PP) PERTAINING TO LA21 FOR THE PERIOD 2002 – 2012
IV.1. EXTENSION AND No. 143/1998, The land i s used for communal p u rpo se s. MODERNIZATION OF THE USED WATER COLECTING AND B. Financial Requirements of the Project TREATMENT SYSTEM IN THE TOWN OF MIERCUREA CIUC Cost estimation: 10.5 million Euro Proposed financing structure: 80% foreign sources, 10% central funds, 10% own funds
A. Short description of the project with the Type of financing: non-reimbursable or reimbursable indication of the purpose Critical factors which influence profitability: service prices, management type Program/project manager: Orbán Rozáli a
Mayoralty departments in charge wi th the C. Regulations impl ementation of the program/proj ect: Techni cal department, Investment department Application of the program/project within the Foreign technical assistance is welcome macroeconomi c context of the national economy and of the local investment projects, based on the Soci al impact and/or impact on the envi ronment available resources: quality: diminishing the degree of pollution of the river Olt, by increasi ng the capaci ty of the water fil teri ng The extension of the sewerage system is necessary stati on and creati ng the possi bili ty of extending the for the implementation of new investments domestic sewerage system to the whole town Contri butions from internal or foreign, publi c pr pri vate Influence of the program application on the local, sources: 80% foreign sources, 10% central funds, regional and/or nati onal economy: achievement of a 10% own funds centralized domestic water sewerage of the new business enti ties, reduction of underground and Regulations which have a favourable or unfavourable surface water poll uti on, of soil and underground influence on the program/project: the legislation in pollution, assurance of a healthier life environment force, drafted pre-feasibility and feasibility studies Potential users/beneficiaries of the program/project: all inhabi tants and business entiti es in the town D. Completion Term Fo reign finan ci ng sou rce s: ISPA, LIFE, ECOL INKS The project will be achieved in several stages, by the Di stribution channel s: publ ic servi ces year 2012, dependi ng on the available funds. Location of the investment: Miercurea Ciuc Modality of harmonization/integration of the project wi th the town development plan: in conformity wi th the updated General Town Planning Plan (PUG), project 73
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IV.2. DESIGNING AND BUILINDG A C. Regulations SPORTS CENTER The application of the program/project within the macroeconomi c context of nati onal economy and of the investment proj ects at a local l evel, based on the available funds: A. Short project description with the indication Creation of new jobs, creation of conditions for the of its purpose organi zation of exhibiti ons, concerts and sports events. Program Manager: Vi ce- Mayor Papp El od Contri butions from domestic or forei gn sources, publi c Mayoralty departments in charge wi th the or private: 20 - 50% own sources achi evement of the program/project: Regulations which have a favourable or unfavourable Devel opment department, techni cal department influence on the program/proj ect: approved town De scrip tio n of te ch nical assi sta nce: Fo reig n te chni cal pl anni ng plan. a ssi sta n ce i s n ot ne ce ssa ry Soci al impact: D. Completion Term - increase in life expectati on The project will be achieved in on stages, until the - creati ng condi tions for practi ce of indoor year 2007, in keepi ng wi th the avail able funds. sports - improvement of the li ving condi tions - diminishing the risk of diseases - creati ng new jobs IV.3. ACHIEVEMENT OF AN Potential users: town inhabi tants, sports cl ubs INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Foreign financial resources: 50 - 80% reimbursable funds (BERD) or reimbursable funds (ADRC) PARK Di stribution channel s: commercial company coordinated by local publi c admini stration Purpose of the project: Investment locati on: close to the muni cipal stadium - attracting foreign investments in the field of Modali ty of harmoni zati on with the town planning plan: informati on technol ogy in conformi ty wi th the updated town planni ng plan, - drafting a pre-feasibility and a feasibility project 143/1998 and Detailed town development plan study - creati on of new jobs B. Financial requirements of the program/project A. Short project description with the indication of its purpose Cost Estimation: 2.5 Million Euro Program Manager: Székel y Dénes Proposal for the fi nancing structure: 50 - 80% forei gn funds, 20- 50% own funds Mayoralty departments: Development department, Technical department, Information Technology Financing type: reimbursable funds (if possible, non- department reimbursable funds) Te chn ical a ssi stan ce de scrip tio n: n ot ne ce ssa ry Cri ti cal factors whi ch influence profi tabili ty: incoherence of the legi slati on in force, external factors Soci al impact and/or impact on the envi ronment quali ty: 74
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Creation of new jobs Contributions from domestic or foreign sources, private or publi c Preventing young specialists residing in Miercurea Ciuc from leaving the town Regulations which have a favourable or unfavourable influence on the program/project: economic legislation Influence of the program appl icati on on the local (l aws re ga rd ing the profi t, in ve stme nts, ta xe s), economy: domestic and foreign factors - in crea se of fo re ign in ve stmen ts - increase of the capi tal flow D. Term of completion - creati on of new jobs - increase of the buyi ng power The project will be achieved in three stages, until the Potential users: specialists in the field of information year 2012, in keeping with the available funds, as te chn olog y, tele commu ni ca tion s, p rog ramm e rs, lo cal follows: business entities in the field of information technology. Stage I: pre-feasi bili ty study - deadli ne: 2003 Foreign fi nancial resources: non-reimbursable funds Stage II: feasibl y study - deadli ne 2003 (Phare, ADCR, UKKA) and reimbursabl e funds (private funds) Stage III: project completion - deadl ine: 2012 Di stribution channel s: commercial company coordinated by the local publi c admini stration. Investment locati on: i ndustrial area IV.4. SCIENTISTS' HOUSE Modali ty of harmoni zati on with the town planning plan: in conformity with the updated town planning plan Project No. 143/1998. Project purpose: Finalization of the investment made in the town centre ( Libertatii Square - Florilor Street) and its uti lizati on B. Financial requirements of the for the benefit of higher education and professional program/project training (classrooms, university library, documentati on centre, conference centre, etc.). Cost estimation: 1.5 million euro Devel oping the town's academi c character. Proposal for the financing structure: own funds, non- Support of the efforts made by the Sapi entia reimbursable funds (Phare, ADCR, UKKA) and Foundations to extend the higher educati on capacity reimbursable funds of the town by creating i nfrastructure devel opment Financing type: own funds, non-reimbursable funds, opportuniti es. reimbursable funds Creati on of an optimum envi ronment for the carryi ng Critical factors which influence profitability: failure to out of scientifi c events on a permanent basi s attract foreign investments (Regional Study Centre).
C. Regulations A. Short program description with the indication of its purpose: Program/project applicati on wi th the macroeconomi c context of national economy and local investment Program manager: Orban Rozali a projects, based on the available resources: urban Mayoralty departments in charge with the program: development, economic growth techni cal department, development department. 75
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Te chn ical assi stan ce de scrip tion : the spe ci alized Financing type: non-reimbursabl e funds, local budget, techni cal assi stance will be provided by SC HH 2000, donations. SC CO-MOD. Critical factors which influence profitability: the project Soci al impact and impact on the envi ronment quali ty: is conceived as a non-profit organization in the first stage. Completion of the architecture plan of the town central areA. C. Regulations
- Creation of an representative town Program/project appli cation wi thi n the macroeconomi c institution, with possibilities of attracting the context of the national economy and investments at a human capital. local level, based on the available resources: - Possibility of development and extension of development of the scientific activity, development of higher education. innovations. - A regi onal centre of sustai nabl e Contri butions from domestic or forei gn sources, publi c development sciences and an activity centre or private: 50 % Sapientia University, 40% EU non- for students and teaching staff. reimbursable funds, 8 % local , municipal and di strict Program applicati on infl uence on the local , regional or budget, and 2 % donations. nati onal economy (programs and sub-programs). Regulations which have a favourable or unfavourable Stage I: investment achievement - creati on of new influence on the program/project: legislation in force. jobs. Stage II: commissioning of Scientists' House - a basis D. Completion Term of sustainable devel opment sciences, sti mulating the development of the town and whole region economy The project will be completed in several stages and profi tabl e for the local inhabi tants. Stage I - feasibili ty study - January - June 2003 Potential users/beneficiaries of the program/project: Stage II - designi ng - June - September 2003 Sapientia University, students, teaching staff, visiting professors and researchers. The business entities in Stage III - commencement of the investment - March the region and the local community will implicitly 2003 benefi t from the academic servi ces Stage IV - compl eti on - 2005 Foreign financi ng resources: non-reimbursable funds (Sapienti a Foundation, UKKA, Apaczai Foundation), donations. Di stribution channel s: Sapi entia Uni versi ty. IV.5. MODERNIZATION OF THE Investment locati on: central area of Miercurea Ci uc. WOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY Harmoni zation with the town planning plan: accordi ng to the updated town development plan, proj ect No. 143/1998. The purpose of the project implies two aspects: the creati on of a sustai nabl e wood processi ng industry and diminishing of the used wood quantity, without B. Financial requirements of the significantly diminishing revenues. The small and program/project medium sized enterprises in this field are very flexible, they can easily change their profile. Besides wood Cost estimation: 2.1 million euro. ma ss p ro ce ssi ng (cu tti ng ), th ey mu st al so dive rsify Proposal for the fi nancing structure: 50 % Sapi entia their range of products (art objects, souvenirs, music University, 40% EU non-reimbursable funds, 8 % in strume nts, sp o rts a cce sso rie s, fru it ca se s, etc.). local, muni ci pal and di stri ct budget, and 2 % donations 76
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A. Short program description with the indication C. Regulations of its purpose: Program/project appli cation wi thi n the macroeconomi c Program manager: Dosa Eszter context of the national economy and investments at a local level, based on the available resources: creation Mayoralty department: Devel opment department. of new jobs Te chn ical a ssi stan ce de scrip tio n: a t lo cal le vel . Contri butions from domestic or forei gn sources, publi c Soci al impact and impact on the envi ronment quali ty: or private: 50% own sources, 50% foreign sources. - creati on of new jobs Regulations which have a favourable or unfavourable - creati on of j obs for physicall y handi capped influence on the program/project: incoherence of the persons legislation in force, external factors. - tradi ti onal trades practi ce - manufacturing ecological products D. Completion Term - diminishing of the processed wood quantity The project will be completed in several stages, lasting - establishing partnerships among the small for about two years. and medium si zed enterpri ses - diversification of local economy 3 months - meetings organization. - organi zation of fai rs and exhi bitions 2 months - approval of network operation principles. Potential users: entrepreneurs who diversify thei r 2 months - evaluation of the workers' activity. range of wood products, have origi nal , innovati ve ideas, consumers, touri st, di sabled persons 2 months - meetings organization. (employees). 3 months - formal association establishing and drafting Foreign financi ng resources: non-reimbursable funds the project proposal. (PHARE, NKOM, UKKA, Ill yes Foundati on, Open 6 months - office establishing, opening own retail Soci ety Ne two rk). shop. Di stribution channel s: fai rs and exhibi tions, touri sm 3 months - organization of the first fair. o ffice s, ho tel s, sp eciali zed sho p s. 2 months - registration of the formal association. Investment location: Miercurea Ciuc, neighbouring rural areas. Modali ty of harmoni zati on with the town planning plan: in conformi ty wi th the updated town planni ng plan, project 143/1998. IV.6. INRODUCTION OF INNOVATIONS IN THE WOOD B. Financial requirements of the PROCESSING AND FOOD program/project INDUSTRY Cost Estimation: 20,000 Euro. Proposal for the financing structure: 50% own funds, Innovati ons i n the wood processi ng industry are based 50% foreign funds. on the two sustainable devel opment principl es: reducing he amount of wood used as wel l as the Financing type: non-reimbursable funds, investments quantity and improvement of the processing degree. or credits. Innovati on in the food industry by i ncreasing effi ciency Critical factors which influence profitability: small and and introduci ng ecological technologies. medium si zed enterpri ses management, touri sm. 77
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The project includes both innovations in the field of B. Financial requirements of the technologi es and in management. program/project
Cost estimation: 800,000 euro (3/4 for technol ogi cal A. Short program description with the indication innovations, 1/4 for training). of its purpose: Proposal for the financing structure: 33 % non- Program manager: reimbursable funds (PHARE, UKKA, Li fe Envi ronment, Foundation for Partnership), 33 % bank credi ts and Mayoralty department: Entrepreneurs Department, 33% own sources. Devel opment department, Techni cal department. Financing type: non-reimbursable funds, investments Te chn ical a ssi stan ce de scrip tio n: a t lo cal le vel . or credits. Soci al impact and impact on the envi ronment quali ty: Critical factors which influence profitability: small and - Diminishing the used wood quantity medium si zed enterpri ses management, touri sm. - Rational exploitati on of pastures and of the forest fund C. Regulations - Change of the entrepreneurs' attitude due to the introduction of modern technologies. Program/project appli cation wi thi n the macroeconomi c - Organizati on of trai ning courses in the fi eld. context of the national economy and investments at a - Sawdust recycling. local level, based on available resources: the introduction of modern technol ogies causes the - Establ i shing of partnershi ps between urban increase of the economic role of the wood processing and rural areas. industry, the establi shing of partnerships wi th forei gn Program appli cation i nfl uence on the local economy: companies. The devel opment of the food industry provides good condi tions to develop rural areas. - introduction of the envi ronment management system. Contributions come from domestic or foreign sources, - stimulation of competition in the area. public or private: 33% bank credits 33 % own sources. - use of modern and cheaper technologi es Regulations which have a favourable or unfavourable that will lead to the diminishing the price of influence on the program/project: incoherence of the wood and food products. legislation in force, external factors. - exhi bition organi zation. - the changes introduced in the food industry D. Completion Term will stimul ate the development of agri cul ture in the region. The project will be completed in several stages: 2 Potential users: entrepreneurs, consumers, years. inhabi tants in the regi on. Foreign financi ng resources: 33% non-reimbursable funds (PHARE, UKKA, Life Envi ronment, Foundati on for Partnership). IV.7. DIVERSIFICATION OF DIARY Di stribution channel s: Centre for Incubation and PRODUCTS Innovati on. Investment location: Miercurea Ciuc, neighbouring rural areas. The project is very complex from the point of view of i ts content and can be deemed as a pilot project. The project is necessary due to the low quality and limited range of the di ary products, due to the low quali ty of 78
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milk and of the inadequacy of the collecting centres Di stribution channel s: commercial companies (a s re ga rd s sto rage cap aci ti e s an d te ch nolo gy). (retailers and wholesale companies), Metro, Carrefour. Project completion stages: In ve stm ent lo ca tion : Mie rcu rea Ciu c Mil k Fa cto ry, town outski rts househol ds, nei ghbouring rural areas. - establi shing a production group, capabl e to assure milk of a better quality. Modali ty of harmoni zati on with the town planning plan: - financing of a pilot farm or modernization of in conformi ty wi th the updated town planni ng plan, the existing farms. project 143/1998. - new coll ecting techniques and technologies. - optimisation of transport. B. Financial requirements of the - selective processing of the raw material. program/project Cost Estimation: 375,000 Euro A. Short program description with the indication of its purpose: Proposal for the financing structure: the fi rst three stages: non-reimbursable funds (SAPARD) and the Program manager: rest from own funds (credits or non-reimbursable fund s, UKKA, PHARE, as th e ca se ma y be ). Mayoralty department: Development department, Technical department, Financing type: non-reimbursable funds, investments. Technical assistance description: Technical Critical factors which influence profitability: milk assistance will be provided by the milk processing quali ty, adequate management, external factors. fa cto rie s, pa rtne rs from Au stria and Swi tze rla nd (KIDA, LAM), Al csik Mi cro-Regional Devel opment Agency. C. Regulations Soci al impact and impact on the envi ronment quali ty: Program/project appli cation wi thi n the macroeconomi c context of the national economy and investments at a - improvement of the fodder quality. local level, based on the available resources: - improvement of the soil quali ty. strengthening of the economi c role of the mil k industry - rational expl oitati on of pastures. due to the increase in the variety of products. - creating partnerships between the cattle Contri butions from domestic or forei gn sources, publi c breedi ng associations and or private: foreign sources. comp o se sso rate s. Regulations which have a favourable or unfavourable - rai sing consumers' expectati ons and influence on the program/project: incoherence of the diversification of the town population food legislation in force, external factors. offer. Program appli cation i nfl uence on the local economy: D. Completion Term - strengthening of the economic role of di ary production industry due to the diversification The project will be achieved in several stages, until the and improvement of the product quality. year 2005 Potential users: business entities in the field of diary production, milk producers (and fodder growers, indirectly), town inhabitants, milk retailers. Foreign financing resources: the first three stages will be financed from non-reimbursable funds (SAPARD) and the rest will be financed from own sources (credits or non-reimbursable funds, UKKA, PHARE, as the ca se ma y be ). 79
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IV.8. ESTABLISHING OF A Financing type: non-reimbursable funds, investments and credi ts. SLAUGHTER-HOUSE IN Critical factors which influence profitability: legislation MIERCUREA CIUC in force, raw materials quality.
There is no slaughter-house in the town which fulfils C. Regulations the requi rements of the European Union and of the nati onal legi slation. Program/project appli cation wi thi n the macroeconomi c context of the national economy and investments at a local level, based on the available resources: A. Short program description with the indication development of the meat processing industry, of its purpose: strengthening of the relations between the rural and the urban areas. Mayors department: Development department, Technical department Contri butions from domestic or forei gn sources, publi c or private: 20% non-reimbursable Phare funds, 30% Te chn ical a ssi stan ce d e scri pti on a t lo cal le vel : bank credits 50 % own sources. Odorheiul Secuiesc, Gheorghieni Regulations which have a favourable or unfavourable Soci al impact and impact on the envi ronment quali ty: influence on the program/project: incoherence of the - The establishing of a slaughter-house which legislation in force, external factors. meets the requirements of the applicable regulations and insures the protection of the environment D. Completion Term Program appli cation i nfl uence on the local economy: The project wi ll be completed in several stages: 15 - development of the meat processing months industry at a local level, that will lead to the 4 months - organi zati on of debates and invol vement of diminishing of the product prices. in ve sto rs. - di versi fi cation of the product range, increase 3 months - investment designing, obtaining of the economi c role of the meat processi ng authorizations. industry. Potential users: entrepreneurs, consumers, 4 months - execution of the proposed works. inhabi tants in the regi on. 4 months - commencement of the activity. Foreign financi ng resources: non-reimbursable funds (PHARE). Di stribution channel s: Commercial company. Investment locati on: Miercurea Ciuc non-buil t area. IV.9. "CONSENS M III" FREE Harmoni zation with the town planning plan: accordi ng UNIVERSITY to the town development plan. Purpose of the project: B. Financial requirements of the - to create a framework for the cooperation of program/project informal education actors. Cost estimation: 500,000 euro. - to implement the concept of li fe long learni ng. Proposal for the financing structure: 20 % non- reimbursable funds (PHARE), 30 % bank credi ts and - to organize professi onal traini ng to increase 50 % own sources. ski ll s requi red by the l abour market. 80
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- to develop integrated programmes Foreign financi ng resources: non-reimbursable funds (education and culture). (Apaczai Foundation, UKKA, Phare, Ill yes - to create the basis for a town development Foundation). strategy, through the substantial Di stribution channel s: Sapi entia Uni versi ty. development of educati on. - to achieve a partnership between training Investment locati on: Miercurea Ciuc. insti tutions, traini ng servi ces provi ders, and Harmoni zation with the town planning plan: accordi ng business entities, representative of the civil to the updated town development plan, proj ect No. society and of the local public 143/1998. admini stration.
B. Financial requirements of the A. Short program description with the indication program/project of its purpose Cost estimation: 6,000 euro preliminary activities Program manager: Dosa Eszter co sts; 5 ,00 0 eu ro i ni tial in ve stmen ts; 6 ,0 00 eu ro /yea r Mayoralty departments in charge with the program: CONSENS M III Centre operation. development department, technical department. Proposal for the financing structure: 100 % non- Specialized technical assistance description: the reimbursable funds (Apaczai Foundati on, UKKA, experience of the Harghita Chamber of Commerce Phare, Illyes Foundation). and Industry and of the Teaching Staff House will be Financing type: non-reimbursable funds. taken into consideration: Critical factors which influence profitability: the project Soci al impact and impact on the envi ronment quali ty: is conceived as a non-profit organization in the first - Increase in the degree of human resources stage. quali fi cation. - Turning to good account the educational C. Regulations and professi onal potential of the town. - Drafting the educati on and professi onal Contri butions from domestic or forei gn sources, publi c training offer, integrated with the activity of or private: non-reimbursable funds (Apaczai education institutions, business entities and Foundation, UKKA, Phare, Illyes Foundation). mayoralty. Regulations which have a favourable or unfavourable - in crea se i n the to wn attracti ven e ss fo r influence on the program/project: legislation in force. p ote ntial in ve sto rs. Program applicati on infl uence on the local , regional or nati onal economy (programs and sub-programs): D. Completion Term - increase in intell ectual acti vi ties' share of the The project will be completed in several stages local economy. Potential users/beneficiaries of the program/project: Stage I - organi zation of the coordination and peopl e who coul d not attend tradi tional higher synthesi s bureau - January 2003. education institutions, family providers, mothers who Stage II - data col lecti ng establ i shing of partnerships - are on materni ty l eave, secondary school students, February -March 2003. u nive rsity stude nts, lo cal i nte lle ctual s (p rim a ry sch ool teachers, secondary school teachers), education staff Stage III - meetings attended by partners, drafting the wi th no higher educati on. program offer for the Free University - April 2003. Stage IV - development of the traini ng curri culum, obtaining authorizations, PR activities - May - August 2003. 81
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Stage V - commencement of servi ce rendering, half of the Marton Aron University of Budapest, and Career yearly conferences, publications - as of September Program of the Agora Foundati on of Mi ercurea Ciuc. 2003. Soci al impact and impact on the envi ronment quali ty: - Orientating more young people towards continuing education - Supporti ng indi vidual devel opment through IV.10. CAREER CENTER career and education counselling - Increase in the degree of qualification of human resources. Purpose of the project: - Providing data for the future structure of the - to encourage and facilitate secondary education and professi onal training offer (an school graduated to continue thei r educati on acti vity related wi th those of education - to increase the degree of education and in sti tution s, bu sine ss e n ti tie s an d training of the popul ati on. mayoralty). - to support young peopl e i n taking deci sions - A more effi ci ent management of human regarding their career and education, by re so u rce s, i n crea sin g a ttracti ve ne ss o f th e counselling and supply of adequate to wn fo r po ten tial in ve sto rs. information. Program applicati on infl uence on the local , regional or Means of achievement of the proposed purpose: nati onal economy (programs and sub-programs): - local and national moni tori ng of the - mobilization of labour at a local level. professi onal trai ning programs offer - post - human resources development. secondary school , techni cal and uni versi ty - increase in young peopl e's chances for hi gh educati on insti tution. professi onal ful filment. - creation of a data base presenting the - reducing unemployment and professional higher education offer, updated on a failure. permanent basi s and avail able to the Potential users/beneficiaries of the program/project: interested parties. secondary school students, secondary school - vocational counselling services with the graduates, young people with no professi onal participation of specialists in the field of quali fi cation. young people's psychology and work psychology. Foreign financi ng resources: non-reimbursable funds - monitoring the career evolution of secondary (Apaczai Foundation, UKKA, Phare, Ill yes schools graduates and permanent Foundation). investigation of the labour market Di stribution channel s: proj ect fi nanced offi ce. requirements. Investment locati on: Miercurea Ciuc.
A. Short program description with the indication Harmoni zation with the town planning plan: accordi ng of its purpose: to the updated town development plan, proj ect No. 143/1998. Program manager: Teleki Eva. Mayoralty departments in charge with the program: B. Financial requirements of the young people's information department. program/project Specialized technical assistance description: the Cost estimation: 5,000 euro initial investments; 4,000 experience of similar partner departments will be euro other investments; 6,000 euro/year. taken into consideration: Career Department of the Budapest Economic Study University, Career Program 82
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Proposal for the financing structure: 100 % non- 1. Infrastructure (renovation, modernization, reimbursable funds (Apaczai Foundati on, UKKA, organi zation of new storage and exhi biti on spaces). Phare, Illyes Foundation). 2. Scientific Financing type: non-reimbursable funds. a. basic documentation, especiall y regarding Critical factors which influence profitability: the project the art collection, the storage and display i s drafted as a non-profit organi zati on in the fi rst stage. spaces for ethnological exhibits and old books. C. Regulations b . assu ra n ce o f mi ssi ng sp eciali sts (a rts historian, ethnographer). Program/project appli cation wi thi n the macroeconomi c c. acquisition of a car for field applications. context of the national economy and investments at a local level, based on the available resources: d. collection completion (by collecting new orientation of speciali sts to the most adequate jobs. items). Contri butions from domestic or forei gn sources, publi c e. publi cation of own publi cations and of or private: non-reimbursable funds (Apaczai publications referring to the Ciuc area. Foundation, UKKA, Phare, Illyes Foundation). 3. Management/Marketi ng Regulations which have a favourable or unfavourable - base exhibi tions influence on the program/project: legislation in force. - adverti sement - leaflets D. Completion Term - organi zation of cul tural events The project will be completed in several stages The mu se um ha s a ri ch vi su al a rt colle ction (7,7 51 works of arts created by 207 artists, such as: Benczédi Stage I - career centre organi zation, personnel Sándor, Gy. Szabó Béla, Nagy Imre etc.). training, infrastructure modernization - January - March 2003 Developing a collection (digital processing, classification, catalogue drafting) might constitute the Stage II - data col lecti ng establ i shing of partnerships - basis for a permanent exhibition presenting the art March - April 2003 creati on in the area. Stage III - commencement of service rendering - May The house of pai nter Nagy Imre was donated to the 2003 town in 1976, with all personal belongi ngs and the Stage IV - restructuring of the service offer, from non- works of art created by Nagy Imre. The Nagy Imre for-profit to profit-oriented - 2007 gallery and the Memorial House of Jigodin represent an asset of the town which has not been capitalized from a cultural and tourist point of view.
A. Short program description indicating its IV.11. LIVE MUSEUM - purpose: CAPITALIZATION OF THE LOCAL ART COLLECTIONS Program manager: Szabo Andras, Saztmari Laszlo Mayoralty department in charge with the program: the cul tural department The purpose of thi s proj ect is the capi tali zati on of the Technical assistance description: specialized arts mu se um's wo rks o f art. historian invited to coordinate the scientific works. The museum will undergo an institutional reform, Soci al impact and impact on the envi ronment quali ty: consisting in 3 aspects: 83
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- A source of pri de for the local i nhabitants. Regulations which have a favourable or unfavourable - Strengthening the local identity. influence on the program/project: legislation in force. - Popul ati on education in the fiel d of arts. - Tourist attraction and object of interest for D. Completion Term the special i sts in the fiel d. - The possi bili ty to create a documentati on, The project will be completed in several stages until conference centre, a creation camp for the the year 2004. study of the works of art of Nagy Imre's and of other arti sts. Program applicati on infl uence on the local , regional or nati onal economy (programs and sub-programs): The economi c effect might consi st in the development of IV.12. CONSTRUCTION OF A cultural tourism. SWIMMING POOL Potential users/beneficiaries of the program/project: inhabi tants i n the region, arts school s in the region/abroad, arti sts, speci ali sts i n the region/abroad, tourists. A. Short project description with the indication of its purpose Foreign financi ng resources: non-reimbursable funds (Ill yes Foundati on, NKOM, NKA), donations. Program Manager: Vi ce- Mayor Papp El od Di stribution channel s: Publi c utili ty servi ces Mayoralty departments in charge wi th the coordinated by local publi c admini stration authori ty. achi evement of the project: In ve stm ent lo ca tio n: Mie rcu rea Ciu c, Ciu c Se cui e sc Devel opment department, techni cal department Museum. De scrip tio n of te ch nical assi sta nce: Fo reig n te chni cal Harmoni zation with the town planning plan: accordi ng a ssi sta n ce i s n ot ne ce ssa ry to the updated town development plan, proj ect No. 143/1998. Soci al impact: - increase in the life expectati on B. Financial requirements of the - creating conditions for the practice of program/project swimming, as a health promoting sport - improvement of the li ving condi tions Cost estimation: 55,000 euro. - diminishing the risk of diseases Proposal for the financing structure: 60 % non- - creati ng new jobs reimbursable funds, 30 % local budget, and 10 % - attracting the local population donations. Potential users: town inhabi tants Financing type: non-reimbursabl e funds, local budget, donations. Foreign financial resources: 50 - 80% reimbursable funds (BERD) or reimbursable funds (ADRC) Critical factors which influence profitability: lack of popul ari sation. Di stribution channel s: commercial company coordinated by local publi c admini stration Investment locati on: Hamerlock swimming pool C. Regulations Modali ty of harmoni zati on with the town planning plan: Contri butions from domestic or forei gn sources, publi c in conformi ty wi th the updated town planni ng plan, or private: non-reimbursable, local budget, donati ons. project 143/1998 84
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B. Financial requirements of the IV.13. ASSURANCE OF THE program/project ACCESS OF PHYSICALLY Cost estimation: 850,000 euro DISABLED PERSONS TO PUBLIC Proposal for the fi nancing structure: 50 - 80% forei gn INSTITUTIONS BUILDINGS funds, 20- 50% own funds Financing type: reimbursable funds (if possible, non- reimbursable funds) A. Short description of the project with the Cri ti cal factors whi ch influence profi tabili ty: indication of the purpose incoherence of the legi slati on in force, external factors Program /project manager: Balázs András C. Regulations Mayoralty departments in charge wi th the achi evement of the program/project: The application of the program/project within the Town pl anni ng and development department macroeconomi c context of nati onal economy and of the investment proj ects at a local l evel, based on the Fo reign te chni cal a ssi sta n ce i s n ece ssa ry available funds: Soci al impact: Creation of new jobs, creation of conditions for the organi zation of exhibiti ons, concerts and sports Assurance of the access of the categories in question events. to public buildings Contri butions from domestic or forei gn sources, publi c Potential users/beneficiaries of the program/project: or private: 20 - 50% own sources physi call y di sabled persons, parents with young chil dren (baby carriages) Regulations which have a favourable or unfavourable influence on the program/proj ect: approved town Fo reign finan ci al re sou rce s: pl anni ng plan Di stribution channel s: publ ic servi ces Location of the investment: Miercurea Ciuc D. Completion Term Modality of harmonizing /integrating the project with the town development plan: according to the The project wi ll be achi eved until the year 2007, in legislation in force keeping wi th the available funds
B. Financial requirements of the program/project
Cost estimation: 50,000 Euro Proposed financing structure: 50% foreign sources, 25% local companies, 25% own funds Financing type: non-reimbursable, donations, own funds 85
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C. Regulations Proposal for the financing structure: 80% forei gn funds, 20% own funds Contri butions from domestic or forei gn sources, publi c Financing type: non-reimbursable funds or pri vate: 50% forei gn sources, 25% local compani es, 25% own funds Regulations which favourably or unfavourably C. Regulations influence the program/project: approved PUD Regulations which have a favourable or unfavourable influence on the program/proj ect: approved town D. Completion Term pl anni ng plan
The project will be achi eved in one stage, until the year 2005, in keepi ng wi th the avail able funds. D. Term of completion The project will be achieved in on stages, until the year 2007, in keepi ng wi th the avail able funds.
IV.14. OLD PEOPLE' S HOME
IV.15. GANIZATION AND A. Short description of the project/program with DEVELOPMENT OF THE the indication of its purpose: RECREATION AREAS ªUTA, BÃILE JIGODIN, BÃILE MIERCUREA Project manager: Dr. Csedő Csaba István CIUC, ªUMULEU UTILIZATION OF Mayoralty departments in charge wi th the THE MEDICINAL WATERS achi evement of the program/project: RESOURCES Devel opment department, techni cal department Fo reign te chni cal a ssi sta n ce i s n ece ssa ry Soci al impact and impact on the envi ronment quali ty: A. Short description of the project and - increase life expectati on indication of the purpose - creati ng a pleasant envi ronment for ol d peopl e Program/project manager: Dósa Eszter - creati ng the possi bi lity to li ve wi thin a Mayoralty departments in charge wi th the community impl ementation of the program/project: Devel opment Program appl icati on influence on the local, regional department, Techni cal department and/or national economy: creation of new jobs No fo rei gn te ch ni cal a ssi stan ce i s ne ce ssa ry Investment locati on: Miercurea Ciuc Soci al Impact and/or impact on the envi ronment Modali ty of harmoni zati on with the town planning plan: quali ty: in conformi ty wi th the updated town planning plan Assurance of a heal thier li fe envi ronment Possibilities of spending leisure time in the open air B. Financial requirements of the program/project Influence of the program application on the local, regional and/or national economy: development of Cost Estimation: 800,000 Euro heal th touri sm and recreation areas, establi shi ng of new companies in the field 86
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Potential users/beneficiaries of the program/project: D. Completion term town inhabi tants, touri sts, patients who suffer from diseases of the bone system, cardio-vascular, The project will be achieved in several stages, until the neurol ogi cal , dermatological, chroni c, post-traumati c year 2007, in keepi ng wi th the avail able funds. bone problems, vascular diseases. Fo reign finan ci al re sou rce s: ISPA Di stribu tio n sou rce s: pu bli c se rvi ce s Localization of the investment: the above mentioned IV.16. DELIMITATION OF THE recreation areas RECREATION AND TOURISM Modality of harmonization/integration of the project AREAS IN MIERCUREA CIUC wi th the town development plan: in conformity wi th the updated project No. 143/1998, the lands are intended for bal neary-touri sti c purposes Purpose of the project: - delimitation of the recreation and tourism B. Financial Requirements of the areas Program/project - drafting plans for touri sm development in the area Cost Estimation: 22,000 Euro - declaration of such areas as tourism areas Proposed financing structure: 60% foreign sources, - development of infrastructure, rehabilitation 10% central funds, 10% di stri ct funds, 20% own funds of buildings, tourism sites, of the Olt river Financing type: non-reimbursable bed, etc. Critical factors that influence profitability: A. Short program description with the indication Assurance of infrastructure of its purpose:
Assurance of quality services Program manager: Gyorgy Pi roska Assurance of quality balneal services Mayoralty department: Turinfo Offi ce, Devel opment department, Techni cal department, C. Regulations Technical assistance description: Technical assistance will be provided by SC KONTUR, Application of the program/project in the Monument Protection Department, Micro-Regional macroeconomi c context of the national economy and Devel opment Association Al csi k investment projects at a local level, based on the avai lable resources: development of balneal touri sm Soci al impact and impact on the envi ronment quali ty: as a source of income - Creati ng new jobs Contri butions from internal or foreign sources, publi c - Creation of partnerships or private: 60% foreign sources, 10% central funds, - Increase in the interest of the local 10% di strict funds, 20% own funds community for the cul tural and natural Regulations which favourably or unfavourably values of the region influence the program/project: legislation in force, town - Developing the community receptiveness PUG Program appli cation i nfl uence on the local economy: - diversification of the local economy - consolidation of the service sector - increase in process and capital flow 87
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- creati on of new jobs D. Completion Term - to wn ma rke t i n ve sti ga tion , in crea se in ta xe s Potential users: inhabitants of the recreation areas, The project will be achieved in several stages, until the who will provide tourist services (accommodation, year 2012, in keepi ng wi th the avail able funds. food, programs), business entities in the field of touri sm, town inhabi tants. Foreign fi nancial resources: non-reimbursable funds (Phare, ADCR, EU, UKKA, churches). IV.17. ORGANIZATION OF THE Di stribution channel s: commercial company TOURISM CONFERENCE AND coordinated by the local publi c admini stration. EXHIBITION "TOURISM 2002- In ve stm ent lo ca tio n: Băil e Jigodin, Băile Katalin, 2007" Şumuleu, town central area (Str. Petőfi and the architectural compound of Cetăţii Square). Modali ty of harmoni zati on with the town planning plan: Purpose of the conference: in conformi ty wi th the updated town planni ng plan, Creati ng the possi bili ty for all those i nterested in project 143/1998. tourism to meet. Debating the most important tourism related problems B. Financial requirements of the of the regi on. program/project Drafting tourist event plans and complex program Cost Estimation: 417,000 Euro offers in cooperation with the participants. Proposal for the financing structure: 100% non- Adopting the network principle in the tourism activity. reimbursable funds (Phare, ADRC, UR, OKKA, churches). A. Short program description: with the Financing type: non-reimbursable funds. indication of its purpose
Critical factors which influence profitability: week Program manager: Gyorgy Pi roska infrastructure, tourism management. Mayoralty department: Turinfo Offi ce C. Regulations Technical assistance description: Technical assistance will be provided by the Sapientia University The application of the program/project within the Soci al impact and impact on the envi ronment quali ty: macroeconomi c context of nati onal economy and of the investment proj ects at a local l evel, based on the - Creating the possibility for exchanges of available funds: experience between companies/entrepreneurs/ i nterested i n Urban development projects, increase of incomes in touri sm and natural persons. the recreation areas, devel opment of touri sm in ve stmen ts (tou ri sm ag en cie s, ho tel s, ho stel s, - Improvement of the tourism services quality. restaurants, cottages, transportation companies). - Increase of tolerance, of the wish to share knowl edge and to be open to new Contri butions from domestic or forei gn sources, publi c information. or private: foreign sources. - Increase in the interest for cultural and Regulations which have a favourable or unfavourable natural values. influence on the program/project: legi slation regul ati ng Program appli cation i nfl uence on the local economy: construction activities, use of lands, traffic and silviculture, external factors 88
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- offering business entities the possibility to Financing type: non-reimbursable funds, investments promote their region and their tourism program offers. - achi evement of partnerships between C. Regulations business entities interested in tourism and creati on of a touri sm network. Program/project appli cation wi thi n the macroeconomi c context of the national economy and of the Investment location: Trade Union House of Culture, investments at a local level, based on the available Sapienti a University resources: achievement of partnerships between Potential users: parti cipants in the exhibi tion, town business entities interested in tourism, creation of a inhabi tants. tourism network, improvement of the tourism services quali ty Foreign financial resources: 50% non-reimbursable funds (UKKA) Contri butions from domestic or forei gn sources, publi c or private: 50% own sources, (20% interested entrepreneurs, 10% parti cipants, 20% Trade Uni on B. Financial requirements of the House of Culture) program/project
Cost estimation: 20,000 euro D. Completion Term Proposal for the financing structure: 50% non- October 2002 reimbursable funds, 20% interested entrepreneurs, 10% participants, 20% Trade Union House of Culture (where the exhibition will be organized)
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