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Norntates PUBLISHED by the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST at 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10024 Number 3262, 10 Pp., 17 Figures May 4, 1999

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Norntates PUBLISHED by the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST at 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10024 Number 3262, 10 Pp., 17 Figures May 4, 1999 AMERICANt MUSEUM Norntates PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10024 Number 3262, 10 pp., 17 figures May 4, 1999 The Spider Genus Crossopriza (Araneae, Pholcidae) in the New World BERNHARD A. HUBER,1 CHRISTA L. DEELEMAN-REINHOLD,2 AND ABEL PEREZ-GONZALEZ3 ABSTRACT Crossopriza Simon, 1893 (Pholcidae) is a predominantly Old World spider genus with only a few records from the New World. The present paper reevaluates the New World records, and shows that C. lyoni (Blackwall, 1867), a synanthropic spider, has been recorded under several different names in various parts of the world and is the only unequivocal species in the New World. New junior synonyms of C. lyoni are C. brasiliensis Mello-Leitao, 1935, from Brazil; C. mucronata Mello-Leitao, 1942, from Argentina; and C. francoisi Millot, 1946, and C. stridulans Millot, 1946, from Madagascar. We present a detailed redescription and several new records for C. lyoni. The Argentine C. saltensis Mello-Leitao, 1941, is newly synony- mized with Priscula binghamae (Chamberlin, 1916). INTRODUCTION supposedly have representatives both in the New and Old Worlds. Huber (1998b) argued It has been argued recently that pholcid that most representatives of Old World phol- spiders are quite strictly separated into two cid genera in the New World may be mis- groups, one better represented in the Old placed or introduced. A major source of con- World (and possibly monophyletic), the other fusion is the fact that previous authors often one more diverse in the New World (Brig- did not publish the habitat, especially wheth- noli, 1981; Huber, 1998b). It is thus of spe- er the species was found within buildings cial interest to examine those genera that (and might therefore be an introduced spe- I Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Entomology, American Museum of Natural History. 2 Sparrenlaan 8, 4641 GA Ossendrecht, The Netherlands. I Instituto de Ecologfa y Sistematica, La Habana 8, Cuba. Copyright © American Museum of Natural History 1999 ISSN 0003-0082 / Price $1.60 2 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3262 cies) or in a natural habitat. Crossopriza Si- 1945 (J. Millot), not examined (see Notes be- mon, 1893, is one of the Old World genera low). C. stridulans: female holotype from that has been reported from both sides of the Madagascar, Majunga, 1945 (J. Millot), not Atlantic. The present paper reevaluates the examined (see Notes below). American records of Crossopriza. NOTES: First, we have not been able to lo- cate the type material of C. lyoni (it is ap- ABBREVIATIONS parently neither in the Hope Collection in Oxford, nor in The Natural History Museum AMNH American Museum of Natural His- in London). However, Blackwall's (1867) tory original description is relatively detailed, and BMNH The Natural History Museum, Lon- the species has superficially been redescribed don and illustrated several times (e.g. Dyal, 1935; MCN Museu de Ciencias Naturais, Porto Chrysanthus, 1967; Yaginuma, 1982; 1986; Alegre, Brazil Kim, 1988; Chikuni, 1989; Chen and Zhang, MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoology, 1991; Edwards, 1993), and may thus be re- Cambridge garded as relatively well known. Further- MELN Museo Entomologico, S. E. A., more, we have studied material from all over Le6n, Nicaragua the world (see below), including India, where MLP Museo de La Plata, Argentina the type material originated. Therefore, we MNRJ Museu Nacional de Rio de Janeiro, consider it extremely probable that we are Brazil indeed dealing with C. lyoni. Second, we have not studied the type ma- TAXONOMY terial of C. francoisi and C. stridulans (which Crossopriza lyoni (Blackwall, 1867) is probably at the MNHN, Paris), because FIGURES 1-12 Millot's (1946) original descriptions and ex- Pholcus lyoni Blackwall, 1867: 392-394. cellent illustrations leave no reasonable Crossopriza lyoni: Pocock, 1900: 240. doubt about the identity of the two "spe- Crossopriza brasiliensis Mello-Leitao, 1935: 94, cies." 96, fig. 13a-c. NEW SYNONYMY. OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: Argentina: Crossopriza mucronata Mello-Leitao, 1942: 389- La Rioja: La Rioja (E. & P. Boman, Apr. 390, figs. 1, 2. NEW SYNONYMY 1914), 1 female, 1 juv. (AMNH); Tucuman: Crossoprizafrancoisi Millot, 1946: 154-155, figs. San Miguel de Tucumain (M. L. Aczel, May 29, 30B. NEW SYNONYMY. 1-15, 1950), 1 male, 4 females (AMNH). Crossopriza stridulans Millot, 1946: 156-157, fig. Australia: Northern Territory: Darwin (B. 31. NEW SYNONYMY. Malkin, Feb. 9-Mar. 31, 1945), numerous TYPES: C. lyoni: numerous specimens from males and females (AMNH); 120 mi SE Dar- India ("Meerut, Agra, and Delhi"), appar- win (J. Anderson, Jan.-Feb. 1972), 1 male ently lost (see Notes below). C. brasiliensis: (AMNH). Brazil: Sdo Paulo: Jaboticabal, 1 male, 1 female, 1 juv., syntypes from Bra- from plantations (?; the label says "orange, zil, Paraguassui (Bahia), no date (0. Leonar- coffee, sugarcane") (W. & L. Miller, 1979), dos), in MNRJ (42313), examined. C. mu- several females and juveniles (MCZ); Minas cronata: female syntype and 1 juv. from Ar- Gerais: Governador Valadares: Iburuna, re- gentina, Beltrain (Santiago del Estero), no sort club building (L. M. Sorkin et al., Sept. date (M. Biraben), in MLP (15.800) exam- 9, 1982), 1 male, 1 female (AMNH); Gover- ined. (The MLP has another vial containing nador Valadares, northern part of city (L. M. a female, with the label "Crossopriza mu- Sorkin & C. E. de Assis Bandera, Sept. 1, cronata, Lectotype design. Brignoli 1973." 1992), 1 female (AMNH); Curvelo (F. This female was examined by one of us (A. Pough, Oct. 23, 1943), 2 females (AMNH). P.-G.), and is conspecific with C. lyoni. Brig- Mato Grosso: Porto Esperanza (Upper Par- noli's lectotype designation was never pub- aguay River), no further collection data, 1 lished, so the specimens are here treated as female (AMNH). Pard: Itaituba (about 470 syntypes). C. francoisi: male holotype from km E Manaus, at Taipajos River) (A. A. Lise, Madagascar, Maevatanana, in a bathroom, Dec. 7, 1991), 1 male, 1 female (MCN). In- 1999 HUBER ET AL.: NEW WORLD CROSSOPRIZA 3 dia: West Bengal: Kanchrapara (near Calcut- more complete measurements and documen- ta) (M. Cazier, Aug. 1-12, 1944), many tation of size variation. males and females (AMNH). Mali: Gao: Carapace shape and eye position as in fig- Gao (B. Malkin, Nov. 23-25, 1948), 1 male, ure 1. Armature of male chelicerae in spec- 3 females, 2 juv. (AMNH). Nicaragua: imens studied identical with that given in Leon: Ciudad de Leon, in house (L. F Ar- Millot's figure 29a, but Millot missed three mas, Aug. 10, 1995), 2 males, 1 female details easily overlooked in light-microsco- (MELN). Managua: Laguna Xiloa (L. F Ar- py: first, cone-shaped hairs (mechanorecep- mas, J. M. Maes, J. T. Goodwin, July 13, tive sensilla?) on tips of inner apophyses 1995), 1 juv. (MELN). Nigeria: Lagos: La- (one on each apophysis: fig. 2); second, gos University grounds (Usua, 1973), 1 fe- stridulatory files on lateral faces (fig. 3) male (BMNH). Paraguay: Boquer6n: 19 km (also present in females, but less developed: N Filadelfia: Estancia Iparoma (K. L. An- fig. 4); third, presence of some slightly mod- derson, Oct. 5, 1978), 1 penult. female ified hairs (thickened at basis) frontally near (AMNH). Philippines: Leyte: Baybay (C. K. median line of each chelicera. Spinnerets re- Starr, Sept. 3-6, 1984), 2 males, 2 females sembling those of Pholcus phalangioides (AMNH); Luzon: Batangas ("ceiling of (see Platnick et al., 1991) except for ALS: building") (C. K. Starr, Aug. 4, 1986), 1 only equipped with enlarged piriform gland male, 1 female (AMNH); Rizal Prov., Ala- spigot (terminology adopted from Platnick bang (B. Malkin, Sept. 1945), 1 female et al., 1991), and pointed major ampullate (AMNH); Lingayen (R. B. Burrows, June- gland spigot (fig. 5), lacking smaller piri- July 1945), 1 female (AMNH). Sri Lanka: form gland spigots found in P. phalangioi- Tissamaharama, on shaded walls outside des. PMS equipped with one pair of spigots house (C. L. Deeleman & P. R. Deeleman, each (fig. 6), as in P. phalangioides. In front Aug. 17, 1981), 1 male, 2 females (coll. of male gonopore four to six spigots in Deeleman). USA: Texas: Brazos Co.: Col- males studied (fig. 7 shows male with five lege Station (R. G. Breene, no date), 1 male, spigots). Epigynum with pair of large trans- 3 females (AMNH). verse grooves (fig. 8), easily overlooked in DIAGNOSIS: Large pholcid (body length light-microscopy. Judging by size and po- about 4-6 mm), opisthosoma high, angular sition, it seems probable that grooves ac- posteriorly. Distinguished from congeners commodate male frontal apophyses during by the two pairs of apophyses on the male copulation. Bulb consisting of sclerotized one di- chelicerae, one lateral, frontal and to terminal in Millot, band connecting bulbal basis rected inwards (cf. also figures apophysis, and soft, almost translucent glob- Legs with many short, dark, longi- 1946). ular part. Tip of procursus more complicated tudinal spots. Female with uncommon than suggested by Millot's figure 29B (his "stridulatory apparatus": a pair of protu- lateral view, though accurate, does not show berances on posterior side of prosoma, and the ridges and hair-shaped protrusions a corresponding pair of sclerotized plates on opisthosoma (dorsally). Other representa- shown in figs. 9, 10). Spines (macrosetae) 1 to count as tives of the genus have either a cylindrical on male femur difficult they opisthosoma (C. cylindrogaster-male un- gradually become normal hairs toward basis be- known), or only one pair of apophyses on of femur, but number usually varying the male chelicerae (C. pristina, C. semi- tween 20 and 25. Tarsal organs (only those caudata, C. soudanensis). on pedipalps were studied with SEM) con- REDESCRIPTION: The descriptions by Millot spicuously elevated in male (fig.
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