DOCSLIB.ORG

The Political Culture of Democracy in Panama, 2004 Public Perceptions About the Political System

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Political Culture of Democracy in Panama, 2004 Public Perceptions About the Political System The Political Culture of Democracy in Panama, 2004 Public Perceptions About the Political System Orlando J. Pérez, Central Michigan University Marco A. Gandásegui, hijo, CELA Mitchell A. Seligson Scientific Coordinator and Editor of the Series Vanderbilt University This publication was made possible through support provided by the USAID Missions in Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama. Support was also provided by the Office of Regional Sustainable Development, Democracy and Human Rights Division, Bureau for Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as the Office of Democracy and Governance, Bureau for Democracy, Conflict and Humanitarian Assistance, U.S. Agency for International Development, under the terms of Task Order Contract No. AEP-I-12-99-00041-00. The opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Agency for International Development. Table of Contents Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................... i List of Tables and Figures........................................................................................................... iii List of Tables...........................................................................................................................................iii List of Figures..........................................................................................................................................iii Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................................................... vii Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................ ix Executive Summary..................................................................................................................... xi Preface........................................................................................................................................ xvii Prologue ...................................................................................................................................... xix Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................xxiii 1.0 Panama’s Political Culture .....................................................................................................1 1.1 The Economic Situation ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Economy and Public Opinion............................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Democracy and Elections ................................................................................................................... 7 1.4 Political Culture.................................................................................................................................. 7 1.5 Research on Political Culture ............................................................................................................. 9 1.6 Empirical Studies.............................................................................................................................. 11 1.7 Conclusion........................................................................................................................................ 12 1.8 Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................... 12 2.0 Methodology and Distribution of the Survey ......................................................................17 2.1 Distribution of the Study .................................................................................................................. 18 2.2 Conclusion........................................................................................................................................ 22 3.0 Support to a Stable Democracy ............................................................................................23 3.1 The Existence of a Political Community in Panama ........................................................................ 23 3.2 Institutional System Support ............................................................................................................ 25 3.3 Predictors of Institutional System Support....................................................................................... 28 3.4 Political Tolerance............................................................................................................................ 38 3.5 Support to a Stable Democracy ........................................................................................................ 44 3.6 Empirical Relationship Between Tolerance and Support for the System......................................... 45 3.7 Other Measures of Support for Democracy...................................................................................... 50 3.8 Conclusion........................................................................................................................................ 54 4.0 Local Government and Democracy......................................................................................55 4.1 Citizen Opinions Concerning Municipal Issues ............................................................................... 57 4.2 Satisfaction with Municipal Administrations ................................................................................... 61 4.3 Citizen Participation in Municipal Affairs ....................................................................................... 64 4.4 Presentation of Petitions to Municipal Government......................................................................... 67 4.4.1 People’s Ability to Solve Local Problems.................................................................................................70 4.5 National Government Compared to Local Government................................................................... 73 4.6 Confidence in Municipal Government ............................................................................................. 74 4.7 Conclusion........................................................................................................................................ 76 5.0 The Rule of Law.....................................................................................................................79 5.1 Rule of Law: A Methodological Proposal for Its Measurement....................................................... 80 The Political Culture of Democracy in Mexico, Central America, and Colombia, 2004: Panama i 5.2 Levels of Trust in the Protection of Rights....................................................................................... 80 5.3. Impact of Confidence in Institutions for the Protection of Rights on Support for the Political System .................................................................................................................................................. 87 5.4 Satisfaction With the Services Offered by Judicial Institutions ....................................................... 87 5.5 About Victimization ......................................................................................................................... 91 5.6 Conclusion........................................................................................................................................ 96 6.0 Corruption and Democracy ..................................................................................................97 6.1 Extent of the Problem of Corruption in Panama...............................................................................97 6.2 Level of Victimization Due to Corruption........................................................................................ 99 6.3 Predictors of Those Who are Victims of Corruption...................................................................... 102 6.4 Conclusion...................................................................................................................................... 105 7.0 Participation and Social Capital.........................................................................................107 7.1 Levels of Participation.................................................................................................................... 107 7.2 Factors Which Explain the Levels of Participation ........................................................................ 109 7.3 Predictors Participation................................................................................................................... 109 7.4 Effects of Participation on Community Action .............................................................................. 111 7.5 Conclusion...................................................................................................................................... 115 8.0 Electoral Conduct in Panama.............................................................................................117 8.1 Relation Between Elections and Democracy.................................................................................. 122 8.2 Predictors of Intention
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Infrastructure Investments and Private Investment Catalyzation: the Case of the Panama Canal Expansion
    Development through TN the Private Sector Series No. 9 Infrastructure Investments and Private Investment Catalyzation: The Case of the Panama Canal Expansion Authors: Maria Laura Lanzalot Alessandro Maoli Rodolfo Stucchi Patricia Yañez-Pagans November 2018 Infrastructure Investments and Private Investment Catalyzation: The Case of the Panama Canal Expansion Copyright © 2018 Inter-American Investment Corporation (IIC). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons IGO 3.0 Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC-IGO BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/legal- code) and may be reproduced with attribution to the IIC and for any non-commercial pur- pose. No derivative work is allowed. Any dispute related to the use of the works of the IIC that cannot be settled amicably shall be submitted to arbitration pursuant to the UNCITRAL rules. The use of the IIC’s name for any purpose other than for attribution, and the use of IIC’s logo shall be subject to a sepa- rate written license agreement between the IIC and the user and is not authorized as part of this CC-IGO license. Following a peer review process, and with previous written consent by the Inter-American Investment Corporation (IIC), a revised version of this work may also be reproduced in any academic journal, including those indexed by the American Economic Association's Econ- Lit, provided that the IIC is credited and that the author(s) receive no income from the pub- lication. Therefore, the restriction to receive income from such publication shall only extend to the publication's author(s).
    [Show full text]
  • Uncovering Fantastic Real Estate Deals in Panama's Future Hot Spots
    Panama 101 – E-Book Guide to Living and Investing in Panama 2011 Edition By Michael Manville www.PanamaAtYourService.com © Copyright 2005-2011, All rights reserved. No part of any of this information may be reproduced or distributed without the express written consent of the author. The information contained herein is obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Table Of Contents Introduction To Residential Tourism … P. 3 Country Map of Panama… P. 11 Chapter 1 - The Nuts and Bolts of Travel in Panama – Hotels, Apartment Rentals, Taxis, Planes, Helicopters, Yachts, Rental Cars, Cell Phones… P. 12 Chapter 2 - Where To Live and Invest in Panama City - A Neighborhood By Neighborhood Breakdown… P. 26 Chapter 3 - Where To Live and Invest Outside Panama City - Exploring Beautiful Beaches and Cool Highlands… P. 42 Chapter 4 - The Basics For Expats – Language, Society, Visas and Banking… P. 59 Chapter 5 - Buying Real Estate in Panama the Smart Way – Finding and Securing Your Property… P. 74 Chapter 6 - Rental Income and Property Management - How to Earn a Return on Your Real Estate Investment… P. 100 Chapter 7 - Finding Real Estate "Off The Beaten Track" - Six Spots Overlooked By the Speculators… P. 99 Appendix A - Restoring Historical Buildings in Casco Viejo… P. 123 Appendix B - To Teak or Not To Teak - The Risks and Rewards of Buying Reforested Land in Panama… P. 118 Appendix C - Business and Services Directory… P.134 Appendix D – Recommended Restaurants in Panama City… P. 13437 www.PanamaAtYourService.com 2 An Introduction To Residential Tourism The Panama 101 E-Book is designed to address the needs of a relatively new form of tourism known as residential tourism.
    [Show full text]
  • V. Reacción De Los Panameños
    PORTADA REVISTA CULTURAL LOTERÍA Nº 520 Diseñado por: José De Gracia Diseñador Gráfico, Departamento Cultural LNB Diagramación e impresión: Editora Sibauste, S.A. PUBLICACIÓN DE LA DIRECCIÓN DE DESARROLLO SOCIAL Y CULTURAL ISSN 0024.662X DISTRIBUCIÓN GRATUITA Para suscripciones y consultas sobre la REVISTA LOTERÍA comunicarse con el Departamento Cultural. Teléfono: 507-6800 ext. 1248 - [email protected] LOTERÍA NACIONAL Apartado 0816-7376, Panamá, República de Panamá DE BENEFICENCIA www.lnb.gob.pa VISIÓN Y MISIÓN DE LA LOTERÍA NACIONAL DE BENEFICENCIA VISIÓN Una Lotería Nacional de Beneficencia Moderna y Competitiva que contribuya en forma creciente al desarrollo del país y a la solución de los problemas de los más necesitados. MISIÓN Construir una Institución con presencia en cada comunidad que consolide la confianza y la transparencia de nuestra oferta, ganando a cada panameño como cliente. Nº 520 / Mayo - Junio 2015 Junta Directiva: Por la Administración: Presidente Director General de la Junta Directiva de la Lotería Nacional de Beneficencia Lic. Dulcidio De La Guardia Efraín Medina Ministro de Economía y Finanzas Secretario General Representante del Mgter. Gabriel Sánchez Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas Lic. Publio Ricardo Cortés C. Director de Desarrollo Social y Cultural Director General de Ingresos Lic. Diego J. Duclias V. Representante Consejo Editorial: del Ministerio de Gobierno Dra. Marisín Villalaz de Arias Lic. Milton Henríquez Mgter. Denis Chávez Ministro de Gobierno Sr. Ernesto Endara Prof. Rommel Escarreola Representante Dr. Eduardo Flores de la Contraloría General de la República Dr. Alberto Moreno Lic. Federico Humbert Lic. Juan Antonio Tejada Mora Contralor General Licda. Sherly Ortíz Representante Correctora del Sindicato de Billeteros de Panamá Profa.
    [Show full text]
  • Panama Breached Its Obligations Under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights to Protect the Rights of Its Indigenous People
    Panama Breached its Obligations under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights to Protect the Rights of Its Indigenous People Respectfully submitted to the United Nations Human Rights Committee on the occasion of its consideration of the Third Periodic Report of Panama pursuant to Article 40 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Hearings of the United Nations Human Rights Committee New York City, United States of America 24 - 25 March 2008 Prepared and submitted by the Program in International Human Rights Law of Indiana University School of Law at Indianapolis, Indiana, and the International Human Rights Law Society of Indiana University School of Law at Indianapolis, Indiana. Principal Authors, Editors and Researchers: Ms. Megan Alvarez, J.D. candidate, Indiana University School of Law at Indianapolis Ms. Carmen Brown, J.D. candidate, Indiana University School of Law at Indianapolis Ms. Susana Mellisa Alicia Cotera Benites, LL.M International Human Rights Law (Indiana University School of Law at Indianapolis), Bachelor’s in Law (University of Lima, Law School) Ms. Vanessa Campos, Bachelor Degree in Law and Political Science (University of Panama) Ms. Monica C. Magnusson, J.D. candidate, Indiana University School of Law at Indianapolis Mr. David A. Rothenberg, J.D. candidate, Indiana University School of Law at Indianapolis Mr. Jhon Sanchez, LL.B, MFA, LL.M (International Human Rights Law), J.D. candidate, Indiana University School of Law at Indianapolis Mr. Nelson Taku, LL.B, LL.M candidate in International Human Rights Law, Indiana University School of Law at Indianapolis Ms. Eva F. Wailes, J.D. candidate, Indiana University School of Law at Indianapolis Program in International Human Rights Law Director: George E.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    FILECOPY ReportNo. 2306-PAN Panama'sDevelopment in the 1980's: A SpecialEconomic Report 97p Public Disclosure Authorized (In Two Volumes) t4 1 /J Volume1: The Report July20, 1979 LatinAmerica and Caribbean Region RET1UNTOLs G& Country ProgramsDepartment I INFORMATIONCENTER FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized U Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Documentof the World Bank Thisdocument has a restricteddistribution and maybe used by recipients oniy in the performanceof theirofficial duties. Its contentsmay not otherwisebe disclosedwithout Wo!IdBank authorization. Exchange Rate 1.00 Balboa = 1.00 U.S. Dollar Fiscal Year January 1 - December 31 Abbreviations AID = Agency for International Development APN = Auteridad Portuaria Nacional (National Port Authority) BDA = Banco de Desarrollo Agropecuario (Agricultural Development Bank) VNH = Banco Nacional Hipotecario (National Mortage Bank) CODEMIN = Corporacion de Desarrollo Minero (Cerro Colorado Mine Cerro Colorado Development Corporation) COFINA = Corporacion Financiera Nacional (National Finance Corporation) CZ = Canal Zone EDC = Export Development Corporation IDAAN = Instituto de Acueductos y (National Water and Sewerage Alcantarillados Nacional Institute) IDB = Inter-American Development Bank IDIAP = Instituto de Investigacion Agropecuaria (Agricultural Research Institute) IMA = Instituto de Mercadeo Agropecuario (Agricultural Marketing Institute) IPAT = Instituto Panameno de Turismo (Panamanian Tourism Institute) IRHE = Instituto de Recursos Hidraulicos
    [Show full text]
  • Costa Rica, Panama, and Nicaragua: Explaining Economic Success Levels
    University of Central Florida STARS HIM 1990-2015 2013 Costa Rica, Panama, and Nicaragua: explaining economic success levels Kevin Negy University of Central Florida Part of the Political Science Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/honorstheses1990-2015 University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in HIM 1990-2015 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Negy, Kevin, "Costa Rica, Panama, and Nicaragua: explaining economic success levels" (2013). HIM 1990-2015. 1442. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/honorstheses1990-2015/1442 COSTA RICA, PANAMA, AND NICARAGUA: EXPLAINING ECONOMIC SUCCESS LEVELS by KEVIN NEGY A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Honors in the Major Program in International and Global Studies in the College of Sciences and in The Burnett Honors College at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term 2013 Thesis Chair: Dr. Houman Sadri © 2013 Kevin Negy ii Abstract Latin America is a region that has deep roots in Spanish colonialism. Since its independence, many countries in the region have heavily depended on agriculture exports to industrialized states to support their economies. This has led to political theorists to label Latin America as an area full of “periphery” countries that are exploited for resources by “core countries. Costa Rica, Panama, and Nicaragua were not the exception. In recent years, however, a noticeable difference between the economies of the countries has helped Costa Rica and Panama become more successful than Nicaragua, on the basis of GDP, GNI, and other similar measures.
    [Show full text]
  • Panama Evs Report Eng.Pdf
    Published by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 2014 Copyright © UNEP 2014 Reproduction This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit services without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, DCPI, UNEP, P.O. Box 30552, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. The use of information from this document for publicity or advertising is not permitted. Disclaimers Mention of a commercial company or product in this document does not imply endorsement by UNEP. Trademark names and symbols are used in an editorial fashion with no intention on infringement on trademark or copyright laws. The designations employed and the presentation of mate- rial in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatso- ever on the part of UNEP concerning the legal status of any country, terri- tory or city or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers and boundaries. We regret any errors or omissions that may have been unwittingly made. Authors: Estelle Midler (BC3), Unai Pascual (BC3) and Silvio Simonit (IUCN) Project Coordinator: Estelle Midler Design and Layout: Printing: Acknowledgement The authors wish to acknowledge the important contributions made by the National Authority for the Environment (ANAM) of Panama, in par- ticular Eric Rodriguez.
    [Show full text]
  • Panama 2018 International Religious Freedom Report
    PANAMA 2018 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT Executive Summary The constitution, laws, and executive decrees provide for freedom of religion and worship and prohibit discrimination based on religion. The constitution recognizes Roman Catholicism as the religion of the majority of citizens but not as the state religion. In March the Ministry of Education issued a resolution allowing girls attending public schools in the provinces of Panama City and Herrera to wear the hijab. Public schools continued to teach Catholicism, but parents could exempt their children from religion classes. Some non-Catholic groups continued to state the government provided preferential distribution of subsidies to small Catholic- run private schools for salaries and operating expenses and cited the level of government support given to the Catholic Church in preparation for the January 2019 World Youth Day. Local Catholic organizers continued to invite members of other religious denominations to participate. Some social media commentators criticized the use of public funds for the religious event. On August 16, the Interreligious Institute of Panama, an interfaith organization, held a public gathering entitled, “Interfaith Coexistence towards a Culture of Peace.” Approximately 100 individuals attended. The institute’s objectives included providing a coordination mechanism for interfaith activities and promoting mutual respect and appreciation among various religious groups. On August 29, the Panama Chapter of the Soka Gakkai International Buddhist Cultural Center hosted its Second Interreligious Dialogue with panelists from the Baha’i Spiritual Community, Kol-Shearith Jewish Congregation, Krishna-Hindu community, and Catholic Church. Embassy officials met on several occasions with government officials and raised questions about fairness in distribution of education subsidies for religious schools and the need for equal treatment of all religious groups before the law.
    [Show full text]
  • Panama's Dollarized Economy Mainly Depends on a Well-Developed Services Sector That Accounts for 80 Percent of GDP
    LATIN AMERICAN SOCIO-RELIGIOUS STUDIES PROGRAM - PROGRAMA LATINOAMERICANO DE ESTUDIOS SOCIORRELIGIOSOS (PROLADES) ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RELIGIOUS GROUPS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: RELIGION IN PANAMA SECOND EDITION By Clifton L. Holland, Director of PROLADES Last revised on 3 November 2020 PROLADES Apartado 86-5000, Liberia, Guanacaste, Costa Rica Telephone (506) 8820-7023; E-Mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.prolades.com/ ©2020 Clifton L. Holland, PROLADES 2 CONTENTS Country Summary 5 Status of Religious Affiliation 6 Overview of Panama’s Social and Political Development 7 The Roman Catholic Church 12 The Protestant Movement 17 Other Religions 67 Non-Religious Population 79 Sources 81 3 4 Religion in Panama Country Summary Although the Republic of Panama, which is about the size of South Carolina, is now considered part of the Central American region, until 1903 the territory was a province of Colombia. The Republic of Panama forms the narrowest part of the isthmus and is located between Costa Rica to the west and Colombia to the east. The Caribbean Sea borders the northern coast of Panama, and the Pacific Ocean borders the southern coast. Panama City is the nation’s capital and its largest city with an urban population of 880,691 in 2010, with over 1.5 million in the metropolitan area. The city is located at the Pacific entrance of the Panama Canal , and is the political and administrative center of the country, as well as a hub for banking and commerce. The country has an area of 30,193 square miles (75,417 sq km) and a population of 3,661,868 (2013 census) distributed among 10 provinces (see map below).
    [Show full text]
  • Revista Española De Nutrición Humana Y Dietética Spanish Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics
    ISSN: 2173-1292 Revista Española de Revista Española de Nutrición Humana Nutrición Humana Spanish Journal of Spanish Journal of y Dietética Human Nutrition and Dietetics y Dietética Human Nutrition and Dietetics www.renhyd.org CODINCAM CPDNA Colegio Oficial de Dietistas-Nutricionistas de Castilla la Mancha Colegio Profesional de Dietistas-Nutricionistas de Aragón C/ Martínez Villena, 15 • 5ª Planta Izda. • Despacho 2 C/ Gran Vía, 5 • Entlo. Dcha. 02001 • Albacete 50006 • Zaragoza [email protected] • www.codincam.es [email protected] • www.codna.es CODINE/EDINEO CODINUGAL Colegio Oficial de Dietistas-Nutricionistas del País Vasco/Euskal Colegio Oficial de Dietistas-Nutricionistas de Galicia Autonomia Erkidegoko Dietista-Nutrizionisten Elkargo Ofiziala Avda. Novo Mesoiro, 2 • Bajo Gran Vía de Don Diego López de Haro, 19 • 2º • Centro Regus 15190 • A Coruña 48001 • Bilbao [email protected] [email protected] ADDECAN CODINMUR Asociación de Dietistas Diplomados de Canarias Colegio Oficial de Dietistas-Nutricionistas de la Región de Murcia Avda. Carlos V, 80 • Planta 1 • Oficina 2 Paseo Almirante Fajardo Guevara, 1 • Bajo 35240 • El Carrizal (Gran Canaria) 30007 • Murcia [email protected] • www.addecan.es [email protected] • www.codinmur.es ADDEPA CODINNA - NADNEO Colegio Oficial de Dietistas-Nutricionistas de Navarra Asociación de Dietistas - Nutricionistas del Principado de Asturias C/ Luis Morondo, 4 • Entreplanta, Oficina 5 Avda. La Constitución, 48 • 4º Dcha. 31006 • Pamplona 33950 • Sotrondio (Asturias) [email protected] • www.codinna.com [email protected] CODiNuCoVa ADDLAR Colegio Oficial de Dietistas-Nutricionistas de la C. Valenciana Asociación de Dietistas - Nutricionistas Diplomados de La Rioja Avda. Cortes Valencianas, 39 • Edf. Géminis Center C/ Huesca, 11 • Bajo 46015 • Valencia 26002 • Logroño [email protected] • www.codinucova.es [email protected] CODINUCyL ADINCAN Colegio Profesional de Dietistas-Nutricionistas de Castilla León Asociación de Dietistas-Nutricionistas de Cantabria Avda.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring the Y Chromosomal Ancestry of Modern Panamanians
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Exploring the Y Chromosomal Ancestry of Modern Panamanians Viola Grugni1, Vincenza Battaglia1, Ugo Alessandro Perego2,3, Alessandro Raveane1, Hovirag Lancioni3, Anna Olivieri1, Luca Ferretti1, Scott R. Woodward2, Juan Miguel Pascale4, Richard Cooke5, Natalie Myres2,6, Jorge Motta4, Antonio Torroni1, Alessandro Achilli1,3, Ornella Semino1* 1 Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, 2 Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America, 3 Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy, 4 Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City, Panama, 5 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama, 6 Ancestry, Provo, Utah, United States of America * [email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS Geologically, Panama belongs to the Central American land-bridge between North and Citation: Grugni V, Battaglia V, Perego UA, Raveane South America crossed by Homo sapiens >14 ka ago. Archaeologically, it belongs to a A, Lancioni H, Olivieri A, et al. (2015) Exploring the Y Chromosomal Ancestry of Modern Panamanians. wider Isthmo-Colombian Area. Today, seven indigenous ethnic groups account for 12.3% PLoS ONE 10(12): e0144223. doi:10.1371/journal. of Panama’s population. Five speak Chibchan languages and are characterized by low pone.0144223 genetic diversity and a high level of differentiation. In addition, no evidence of differential Editor: Francesc Calafell, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, structuring between maternally and paternally inherited genes has been reported in isth- SPAIN mian Chibchan cultural groups. Recent data have shown that 83% of the Panamanian gen- Received: March 31, 2015 eral population harbour mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) of Native American ancestry.
    [Show full text]
  • Epidemiologic Characteristics of Suicide in Panama, 2007–2016
    medicina Article Epidemiologic Characteristics of Suicide in Panama, 2007–2016 1, 1 2,3 Virginia Núñez-Samudio y , Aris Jiménez-Domínguez , Humberto López Castillo and Iván Landires 1,4,5,* 1 Instituto de Ciencias Médicas, Las Tablas, Los Santos 0701, Panama; [email protected] (V.N.-S.); [email protected] (A.J.-D.) 2 Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; [email protected] 3 Department of Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA 4 Centro Regional Universitario de Azuero, CRUA, Universidad de Panamá, Chitré, Herrera 0601, Panama 5 Hospital Joaquín Pablo Franco Sayas, Región de Salud de Los Santos, Ministry of Health, Las Tablas, Los Santos 0701, Panama * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +507-6593-7727 Sección de Epidemiología, Departamento de Salud Pública, Región de Salud de Herrera, y Ministerio de Salud, Panama. Received: 22 July 2020; Accepted: 28 August 2020; Published: 31 August 2020 Abstract: Background and objectives: We aim to describe the demographic characteristics associated with suicide in Panama, to estimate the suicide mortality rate and years of potential life lost (YPLL) to suicide, and to explore the correlation of suicide rates with the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI). We present a descriptive retrospective epidemiological report of suicide-related mortality (Panama, 2007–2016). Materials and Methods: Data were matched-merged to calculate unadjusted suicide mortality rates (overall, and by sex, age groups, and administrative region), YPLL, and coefficients (r) for the correlation of MPI and suicide rates.
    [Show full text]