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Small-Scale Fisheries of the Pacific

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Small-Scale Fisheries of the Pacific Descriptive Assessment of Traditional and Small- Scale Fisheries in the Western Pacific Prepared for the PFRP P ri nci pal I nvesti gators W ork s hop December 15-16, 2011 University of Hawaii at Manoa Edward Glazier, P.I./ Leila Madge, Lead Ethnographer 150°E 160°E 170°E 180° 170°W 160°W 150°W m H 3337 n aw olulu a - Hon iia Guam n Isla n ds 20°N s 20°N d n a l s Wake I a n Johnston Atoll a i r a M nm 7 Guam 97 1 u ul 10°N Pacific Ocean ol 10°N on H - go a P o g Palmyra Atoll a P Howland 0° 0° G u am Jarvis - Pa go P ag o 3 62 7 nm 10°S 10°S American Samoa Map by Impact Assessment, Inc. Mercator Projection Fiji 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 Kilometers 20°S 20°S 0 250 500 750 1,000 Nautical Miles 150°E 160°E 170°E 180° 170°W 160°W 150°W Topics & Research Activities -Spatial mapping - Characterization of the small vessel fleet in terms of vessel size and number, demographics and employment patterns of fishermen, purpose of fishing activ ities, mod e and t arget speci es, and d esti nati on of landed species -Social and cultural importance of fishing and fish (with an emphasis on pelagic species). -Current and ppgotential futures challenges/ opportunities facing small vessel fleet -Availability and perceived validity of current data collect ing e fforts Research Methods – Key Informant Interviews – Field/Participant Observation – Secondary Data – Archival Research Support Infrastructure (Water Access and Seafood Sales ) Place Marinas/ Launch Ramps Fish Stores/Roadside (public) Vendors * Guam 3 / 8 6/ 1 weekly flea market CNMI – Saipan 2/6 1/7 Tinian 1/1 Rota 2/2 American Samao- 2/4 2/1 Tutuila Auuuunu’u 1/1 Ofu 1/1 Ta’u 2/2 * restaurants, door-to-dlddidldoor , general stores, and road side coolers Guam: Marinas and Boat Ramps 144°40'E 144°50'E 13°40'N 13°40'N Philippine Sea Pati Point MPA Andersen Air Force Base Yigo Tu mo n Bay Dededo MPA 13°30'N Tamuning 13°30'N Hågatña Mangilao t por Air Asan Agana Heights Barrigada Piti Sinajana Chalan Pago-Ordot Camp Bright Apra Heights Yona Santa Rita Agat Pacific Ocean Talof ofo 13°20'N 13°20'N Symbols Umatac Inarajan Merizo Seafood Sales, Major Location Marina Boat Ramp Achang Reef Flat MPA Principal access site for small vessel fleet Village with high percentage of small vessel operators MbIMap by Impac tAt Assessmen tIt, Inc. UTM Projection, Zone 55 0 4.5 9 13.5 Kilometers 13°10'N 13°10'N 0 5 10 Miles 144°40'E 144°50'E 145°E Saipan and Tinian (CNMI): Marinas and Boat Ramps 145°35'0"E 145°40'0"E 145°45'0"E 145°50'0"E 145°55'0"E Saipan 15°15'0"N Tanapag 15°15'0"N Garapan Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Kagman San Jose 15°10'0"N 15°10'0"N Susupe Chalan Kanoa Dan Dan San Antonio t por Koblerville Air Tinian 15°5'0"N 15°5'0"N Agrihan Pagan 15°0'0"N 15°0'0"N Philippine Sea San Jose Anatahan 14°55'0"N 14°55'0"N Marinas and Boat Ramps of Saipan and Tinian Saipan Aguijan Marina Boat Ramp Principal access site for small vessel fleet Village with high percentage Rota 14°50'0"N 14°50'0"N of small vessel operators Pacific Ocean Map by Impact Assessment, Inc. UTM Projection, Zone 55 Guam 0 5 10 15 Kilometers 145°35'0"E 0145°40'0"E 5145°45'0"E 10 Miles 145°50'0"E 145°55'0"E 170°50'W 170°45'W 170°40'W 170°35'W American Samoa: Marinas,,p, Boat Ramps, Ogefao Vatia Lauagae 14°15'S 14°15'S Masefau Afono Masausi Utuloa Aoa Faalefu Alao and Mooring Locations Faga`itua Anua Satala Aua Pago Pago Amouli Auasi Tutuila Afulei Alofau Fusi Alega -In Repair Utulei Fagalea Anasosopo Aunu`u Lauli`i Lauliifou Aasu Faga`alu Lauliituai Fatumafuti Fagamalo Tagapofu Vasaaiga Maloata Avau Fagali`i Oneoneloa -Proposed Nu`uuli Aoloau Tuaolo Poloa Mapusaga Tafunafou Amanave -Proposed Faleniu Utumea West Ottoville Fagamutu Asili Tafu na 14°20'S Auma 14°20'S Leone Malaeloa Fogagogo Fagalele Itn`au Vaiala Ili`ili SiSogi Falili Vaitogi Vailoatai Launch/Harbor Seafood Sales, Major Location Boat Ramp Inshore Mooring Area Savai’i Map by Impact Assessment, Inc. Apia UTM Projection, Zone 2S IdIndepen dan tSttt State ’Upo lu American Samoa of Samoa 012345Miles Tutuila 0 20 40 60 80 100Kilometers 120 Kilometers 14°25'S 14°25'S 012345678910 Kilometers Pago Pago 170°50'W 170°45'W 170°40'W 0 10203040506070Miles 170°35'W Seafood Sales: Guam Seafood Sales: Saipp,an, CNMI Seafood Sales: American Samoa Fleet Characteristics •-Types of fishing – avidity and motive • - Socio-demographic characteristics •-Vessel numbers • - Recent trends Guam Charter Vesse l, Agat MiMarina Weekend Fishermen: Delivering to the Coop Saipan, CNMI Fulltime Immigrant Fisherman American Samoa “sportsfishing” vessels Alia longliner and troll vessels Numbers Place PliPopulation Poverty SllSmall VlFlVessel Fleet (2010) Levels (2000) Guam 159,358↑ 23% ↑ 11 fulltime; 12 charter; 50 avid part-time; 360 total CNMI 53,883 ↓ 46%↓ Saipan 34 fulltime; 3 charter; 60 part-time Tinian 1-3 fulltime; 6-7 charter; 10-15 other Rota 2 fulltime; 6-8 charter; 10-15 other American 55,519↓ 61% ↑ Samoa Tutuila 7 fulltime; 2 (general); 15 avid part-time Aunu’u 2 fulltime Ofu 2 fulltime Tau 4 fulltime American Samoa: Fish Flows 170°50'W 170°45'W 170°40'W 170°35'W 14°15'S 14°15'S Pago Pago Alega Lauli`i Faga`alu 14°20'S Tafu na 14°20'S Vailoatai Vaitogi Savai’i Flow of Pelagic Seafood Map by Impact Assessment, Inc. ’Upolu UTM Projection, Zone 2S Apia 012345Miles 14°25'S 012345678910Kilometers 14°25'S 170°50'W 170°45'W 170°40'W 170°35'W Tutuila I n d e p e n d a n t S t a t e Ofu Olosega o f S a m o a Pago Pago Ta’u A m e r i c a n Avid non-native recreational fisherman SamoaS a m o a Inter-island/national Flows of Fish, Fishing Vessels, and Fishing Crews 0 50 100 150 200 Kilometers 0 25 50 75 100 Nautical Miles Connections with Independent Samoa Fish sharing occasions Place Occasions 144°40'E 144°50'E 13°40'N 13°40'N Mariannas baptism, confirmation, weddings, Philippine Sea family novenas, birthdays, final day Agafa Gumas Andersen Air Force Base of funeral rosaries, village (church) Yigo fiestas, family return from abroad, Dededo Tu mo n 2 Lent, All Soul ’sDay, s Day, Thanksgiving, 13°30'N 13°30'N Hagåtña Tamunin g t por Air 2 2 Asan Mongmong Agana Heights Mangilao Piti Immaculate Conception (12/8), 3 Barrigada Maina 2 Toto Sinajana 3 Chalan Pago Christmas, New Year’s and Three Camp Bright Yona Kings (1/6) Agat 3 Santa Rita Pacific Ocean Talofofo American weddings, funerals, significant 13°20'N Malojloj Santa Rita 13°20'N 2 Samoa birthdays and anniversaries, Umatac Inarajan 2 Guam: Locations of Important Church Fiestas inductions of chiefs, dedication of Merizo Festival Site 3 Number if more than one new hiiffhomes, visitors from afar, Map by Impact Assessment, Inc. UTM Projection, Zone 55 051015Kilometers Sunday, White Sunday, and 0510Miles 144°40'E 144°50'E Christmas 13°10'N 13°10'N Guam Village Festivals 145°E Mariannas: Retaining and Celebrating the Fish Eating and Fishing Practices San Diego: Chamorro Sakman at the MiiMaritime Museum Guam: Lunar Festival Current Challenges Fuel Prices Supply/Demand/Competition Infrastructure Manpower American Samoa By-catch Sales Fresh from Independent Samoa Facing the Future Guam: Increase in military presence CNMI: Change in investment and immigration laws American Samoa: Closure of tuna canneries and decrease in US federal aid Data Gaps Incomplete samplings of areas (islands and/or launch sites) Lack of data for certain pppopulation sectors Lack of compliance by commercial vendors lack of (or sporadic) collection and/or tracking of use of catch (commercial or subsistence) Incomppglete listing or incorrect identification of s pecies Fieldwork Dates and Duration 11/29-12/4/10 1/18-2/4/11 7/29 -8/8/11 35 days Number of Interviews 7 38 17 62 Respondent Type Fishery Manager 3 9 4 16 Fisherman 3 14 8 25 Distributor 1 6 2 9 Head of Fishing 1214 Association Other 1 5 3 9 Location Guam 6 12 18 CNMI 11617 American Samoa 17 17 Population Trends 1980-2010 180000 160000 140000 120000 100000 CNMI 80000 American Samoa Guam 60000 40000 20000 0 1980 1990 2000 2010 10,000 20,000 30,000 40 000 50,000 60,000 70,000 10,000 12,000 14 000 16,000 18,000 20,000 , 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 000 , 000 0 0 Carolinian Native HI/Pacific Isl. Asian Carolinian Chamorro Chamorro Native HI or PI Asian Chuukese Chuukese Kosraean Kosraean Marshallese Marshallese Palauan Palauan Pohnpeian Pohnpeian Yapese CNMI Yapese Guam Other PI Other PI Bangladeshi Chinese Chinese Filipino Filipino Japanese Japanese Korean Korean Nepalese/other Other Asian White White Black Black Other Other 2 or more Ethnic Groups 2 or more Ethnic Groups 1980 1990 2000 1980 1990 2000 10 000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 , 000 0 Samoan Ethnic Composition Niuean Tokelauan Tongan American Samoa Fijian Other PI Chinese Composition Filipino Japanese Korean Asian Indian Other Asian White Black Other 2 or more Ethnic Groups 1980 1990 2000 Overview of Presentation • Research Rationale,,j Objectives, and Methods • Characterization of Small Boat Based Fishing Activities • Cultural Importance of Fish Sharing and Fish Eating • Challenges Facing the Fleet.
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