Descriptive Assessment of Traditional and Small- Scale Fisheries in the Western Pacific

Prepared for the PFRP P ri nci pal I nvesti gators W ork sh op December 15-16, 2011 University of Hawaii at Manoa

Edward Glazier, P.I./ Leila Madge, Lead Ethnographer 0° 10°S 20°S 20°N 10°N 150°W 150°W

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o o g a P P 160°W 160°W Jarvis Mercator Projection Map by Impact Assessment, Inc. Assessment, by Impact Map Palmyra Atoll 170°W 170°W 00 500 250 1,000 500 1,500 750 2,000 Kilometers 1,000 Miles Nautical Johnston Atoll Johnston American Samoa Pacific Ocean Pacific Howland 180° 180°

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i r a M 20°N 10°N 0° 10°S 20°S Topics & Research Activities -Spatial mapping - Characterization of the small vessel fleet in terms of vessel size and number, demographics and employment patterns of fishermen, purpose of fishing activ ities, mod e and t arget speci es, and d esti nati on of landed species -Social and cultural importance of fishing and fish (with an emphasis on pelagic species). -Current and ppgotential futures challenges/ opportunities facing small vessel fleet -Availability and perceived validity of current data collect ing e fforts Research Methods – Key Informant Interviews – Field/Participant Observation – Secondary Data – Archival Research Support Infrastructure (Water Access and Seafood Sales )

Place Marinas/ Launch Ramps Fish Stores/Roadside (public) Vendors * Guam 3 / 8 6/ 1 weekly flea market CNMI – Saipan 2/6 1/7 Tinian 1/1 Rota 2/2 American Samao- 2/4 2/1 Tutuila Auuuunu’u 1/1 Ofu 1/1 Ta’u 2/2 * restaurants, door-to-dlddidldoor , general stores, and road side coolers Guam: Marinas and Boat Ramps

144°40'E 144°50'E

13°40'N 13°40'N

Philippine Sea Pati Point MPA

Andersen Air Force Base

Yigo

Tu mo n Bay Dededo MPA 13°30'N Tamuning 13°30'N Hågatña Mangilao t por Air Asan

Agana Heights Barrigada Piti Sinajana

Chalan Pago-Ordot

Camp Bright

Apra Heights Yona

Santa Rita Agat Pacific Ocean

Talof ofo

13°20'N 13°20'N

Symbols Umatac Inarajan

Merizo Seafood Sales, Major Location

Marina Boat Ramp Achang Reef Flat Principal access site MPA for small vessel fleet Village with high percentage of small vessel operators

MbIMap by Impact tA Assessment tI, Inc. UTM Projection, Zone 55 0 4.5 9 13.5 Kilometers

13°10'N 13°10'N 0 5 10 Miles 144°40'E 144°50'E 145°E Saipan and Tinian (CNMI): Marinas and Boat Ramps

145°35'0"E 145°40'0"E 145°45'0"E 145°50'0"E 145°55'0"E

Saipan

15°15'0"N Tanapag 15°15'0"N

Garapan

Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Kagman San Jose 15°10'0"N

15°10'0"N Susupe Chalan Kanoa Dan Dan San Antonio

t por Koblerville Air

Tinian 15°5'0"N

15°5'0"N

Agrihan

Pagan

15°0'0"N

15°0'0"N Philippine Sea

San Jose

Anatahan

14°55'0"N

14°55'0"N Marinas and Boat Ramps of Saipan and Tinian Saipan Aguijan Marina Boat Ramp Principal access site for small vessel fleet Village with high percentage Rota 14°50'0"N 14°50'0"N of small vessel operators Pacific Ocean

Map by Impact Assessment, Inc. UTM Projection, Zone 55 Guam

0 5 10 15 Kilometers

145°35'0"E 0145°40'0"E 5145°45'0"E 10 Miles 145°50'0"E 145°55'0"E 170°50'W 170°45'W 170°40'W 170°35'W American Samoa: Marinas,,p, Boat Ramps,

Ogefao Vatia Lauagae 14°15'S 14°15'S Masefau

Afono Masausi Utuloa Aoa Faalefu Alao and Mooring Locations Faga`itua Anua Satala Aua Pago Pago Amouli Auasi Tutuila Afulei Alofau Fusi Alega -In Repair Utulei Fagalea Anasosopo Aunu`u Lauli`i Lauliifou Aasu Faga`alu Lauliituai Fatumafuti Fagamalo Tagapofu Vasaaiga

Maloata Avau Fagali`i Oneoneloa -Proposed Nu`uuli Aoloau Tuaolo Poloa

Mapusaga Tafunafou Amanave -Proposed Faleniu Utumea West Ottoville Fagamutu Asili Tafu na 14°20'S Auma 14°20'S Leone Malaeloa Fogagogo Fagalele Itn`au Vaiala Ili`ili SiSogi Falili Vaitogi Vailoatai

Launch/Harbor Seafood Sales, Major Location Boat Ramp Inshore Mooring Area Savai’i

Map by Impact Assessment, Inc. Apia UTM Projection, Zone 2S IdInd depen tSttdant State ’Upo lu of Samoa 012345Miles Tutuila 0 20 40 60 80 100Kilometers 120 Kilometers 14°25'S 14°25'S 012345678910 Kilometers Pago Pago 170°50'W 170°45'W 170°40'W 0 10203040506070Miles 170°35'W American Samoa Seafood Sales: Guam Seafood Sales: Saipp,an, CNMI Seafood Sales: American Samoa Fleet Characteristics

•-Types of fishing – avidity and motive • - Socio-demographic characteristics •-Vessel numbers • - Recent trends Guam

Charter Vesse l, Agat MiMarina

Weekend Fishermen: Delivering to the Coop Saipan, CNMI

Fulltime Immigrant Fisherman American Samoa

“sportsfishing” vessels Alia longliner and troll vessels Numbers Place PliPopulation Poverty SllSmall VlFlVessel Fleet (2010) Levels (2000)

Guam 159,358↑ 23% ↑ 11 fulltime; 12 charter; 50 avid part-time; 360 total CNMI 53,883 ↓ 46%↓

Saipan 34 fulltime; 3 charter; 60 part-time Tinian 1-3 fulltime; 6-7 charter; 10-15 other Rota 2 fulltime; 6-8 charter; 10-15 other American 55,519↓ 61% ↑ Samoa Tutuila 7 fulltime; 2 (general); 15 avid part-time Aunu’u 2 fulltime Ofu 2 fulltime Tau 4 fulltime American Samoa: Fish Flows

170°50'W 170°45'W 170°40'W 170°35'W

14°15'S 14°15'S

Pago Pago Alega

Lauli`i Faga`alu

14°20'S Tafu na 14°20'S

Vailoatai Vaitogi Savai’i

Flow of Pelagic Seafood

Map by Impact Assessment, Inc. ’Upolu UTM Projection, Zone 2S Apia

012345Miles

14°25'S 012345678910Kilometers 14°25'S

170°50'W 170°45'W 170°40'W 170°35'W Tutuila I n d e p e n d a n t S t a t e Ofu Olosega o f S a m o a

Pago Pago Ta’u

A m e r i c a n Avid non-native recreational fisherman SamoaS a m o a

Inter-island/national Flows of Fish, Fishing Vessels, and Fishing Crews

0 50 100 150 200 Kilometers

0 25 50 75 100 Nautical Miles

Connections with Independent Samoa Fish sharing occasions

Place Occasions 144°40'E 144°50'E 13°40'N 13°40'N Mariannas baptism, confirmation, weddings,

Philippine Sea family novenas, birthdays, final day

Agafa Gumas Andersen Air Force Base of funeral rosaries, village (church)

Yigo fiestas, family return from abroad,

Dededo Tu mo n 2 Lent, All Soul ’ ssDay, Day, Thanksgiving, 13°30'N 13°30'N Hagåtña Tamunin g t por Air 2 2 Asan Mongmong Agana Heights Mangilao Piti Immaculate Conception (12/8), 2 Barrigada Maina Toto 3 Sinajana

3 Chalan Pago Christmas, New Year’s and Three Camp Bright Yona Kings (1/6) Agat 3 Santa Rita Pacific Ocean Talofofo American weddings, funerals, significant

13°20'N Malojloj Santa Rita 13°20'N 2 Samoa birthdays and anniversaries, Umatac

Inarajan

2 Guam: Locations of Important Church Fiestas inductions of chiefs, dedication of Merizo

Festival Site 3 Number if more than one new hiiffhomes, visitors from afar, Map by Impact Assessment, Inc. UTM Projection, Zone 55 051015Kilometers Sunday, White Sunday, and

0510Miles 144°40'E 144°50'E Christmas

13°10'N 13°10'N

Guam Village Festivals 145°E Mariannas: Retaining and Celebrating the Fish Eating and Fishing Practices

San Diego: Chamorro Sakman at the MiiMaritime Museum

Guam: Lunar Festival Current Challenges Fuel Prices

Supply/Demand/Competition

Infrastructure

Manpower American Samoa

By-catch Sales

Fresh from Independent Samoa Facing the Future

Guam: Increase in military presence

CNMI: Change in investment and immigration laws

American Samoa: Closure of tuna canneries and decrease in US federal aid Data Gaps

Incomplete samplings of areas (islands and/or launch sites) Lack of data for certain pppopulation sectors Lack of compliance by commercial vendors lack of (or sporadic) collection and/or tracking of use of catch (commercial or subsistence) Incomppglete listing or incorrect identification of s pecies Fieldwork Dates and Duration 11/29-12/4/10 1/18-2/4/11 7/29 -8/8/11 35 days Number of Interviews 7 38 17 62 Respondent Type Fishery Manager 3 9 4 16 Fisherman 3 14 8 25 Distributor 1 6 2 9 Head of Fishing 1214 Association Other 1 5 3 9 Location Guam 6 12 18 CNMI 11617 American Samoa 17 17 Population Trends 1980-2010

180000 160000 140000 120000

100000 CNMI 80000 American Samoa Guam 60000 40000 20000 0 1980 1990 2000 2010 70,000 60,000 Guam 50,000 40, 000 Ethnic Composition 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 2000 rro ian ian se ino ian r PI ack ese ese hite ese ups ese ean ean uan ther oo ll ll

ss 1990 nn pp ee ee rr kk ee pp nn oo aa aa B O WW Fili Ko

Ya 1980 Pal Oth Chin Kosr Japa Cham Caroli Chuu Pohnp Other A Marshal 60,000 American Samoa

more Ethnic Gr 50,000 rr

2 o 40,000 Native HI or PI Asian 30,000

20,000 20,000 18,000 CNMI 2000 16,000 10, 000 14, 000 1990 12,000 0 10,000 1980 8,000 Fijian Black

6,000 Other White Filipino Niuean 4,000 Korean Tongan Chinese Other PI Samoan

2,000 Japanese Tokelauan sian Indian 2000 nic Groups Other Asian hh 0 AA 1990 Black Other White 1980 Filipino Korean Yapese Palauan Chinese Other PI Kosraean Japanese Chamorro Carolinian Chuukese Pohnpeian 2 or more Et Marshallese Bangladeshi Nepalese/other e Ethnic Groups rr 2 or mo Native HI/Pacific Isl. Asian Overview of Presentation

• Research Rationale,,j Objectives, and Methods

• Characterization of Small Boat Based Fishing Activities

• Cultural Importance of Fish Sharing and Fish Eating

• Challenges Facing the Fleet