Dentine Hypersensitivity: a Review
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Glossary for Narrative Writing
Periodontal Assessment and Treatment Planning Gingival description Color: o pink o erythematous o cyanotic o racial pigmentation o metallic pigmentation o uniformity Contour: o recession o clefts o enlarged papillae o cratered papillae o blunted papillae o highly rolled o bulbous o knife-edged o scalloped o stippled Consistency: o firm o edematous o hyperplastic o fibrotic Band of gingiva: o amount o quality o location o treatability Bleeding tendency: o sulcus base, lining o gingival margins Suppuration Sinus tract formation Pocket depths Pseudopockets Frena Pain Other pathology Dental Description Defective restorations: o overhangs o open contacts o poor contours Fractured cusps 1 ww.links2success.biz [email protected] 914-303-6464 Caries Deposits: o Type . plaque . calculus . stain . matera alba o Location . supragingival . subgingival o Severity . mild . moderate . severe Wear facets Percussion sensitivity Tooth vitality Attrition, erosion, abrasion Occlusal plane level Occlusion findings Furcations Mobility Fremitus Radiographic findings Film dates Crown:root ratio Amount of bone loss o horizontal; vertical o localized; generalized Root length and shape Overhangs Bulbous crowns Fenestrations Dehiscences Tooth resorption Retained root tips Impacted teeth Root proximities Tilted teeth Radiolucencies/opacities Etiologic factors Local: o plaque o calculus o overhangs 2 ww.links2success.biz [email protected] 914-303-6464 o orthodontic apparatus o open margins o open contacts o improper -
DENTIN HYPERSENSITIVITY: Consensus-Based Recommendations for the Diagnosis & Management of Dentin Hypersensitivity
October 2008 | Volume 4, Number 9 (Special Issue) DENTIN HYPERSENSITIVITY: Consensus-Based Recommendations for the Diagnosis & Management of Dentin Hypersensitivity A Supplement to InsideDentistry® Published by AEGISPublications,LLC © 2008 PUBLISHER Inside Dentistry® and De ntin Hypersensitivity: Consensus-Based Recommendations AEGIS Publications, LLC for the Diagnosis & Management of Dentin Hypersensitivity are published by AEGIS Publications, LLC. EDITORS Lisa Neuman Copyright © 2008 by AEGIS Publications, LLC. Justin Romano All rights reserved under United States, International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a PRODUCTION/DESIGN Claire Novo retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission from the publisher. The views and opinions expressed in the articles appearing in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or opinions of the editors, the editorial board, or the publisher. As a matter of policy, the editors, the editorial board, the publisher, and the university affiliate do not endorse any prod- ucts, medical techniques, or diagnoses, and publication of any material in this jour- nal should not be construed as such an endorsement. PHOTOCOPY PERMISSIONS POLICY: This publication is registered with Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. Permission is granted for photocopying of specified articles provided the base fee is paid directly to CCC. WARNING: Reading this supplement, Dentin Hypersensitivity: Consensus-Based Recommendations for the Diagnosis & Management of Dentin Hypersensitivity PRESIDENT / CEO does not necessarily qualify you to integrate new techniques or procedures into your practice. AEGIS Publications expects its readers to rely on their judgment Daniel W. -
Oral Diagnosis: the Clinician's Guide
Wright An imprint of Elsevier Science Limited Robert Stevenson House, 1-3 Baxter's Place, Leith Walk, Edinburgh EH I 3AF First published :WOO Reprinted 2002. 238 7X69. fax: (+ 1) 215 238 2239, e-mail: [email protected]. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier Science homepage (http://www.elsevier.com). by selecting'Customer Support' and then 'Obtaining Permissions·. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 0 7236 1040 I _ your source for books. journals and multimedia in the health sciences www.elsevierhealth.com Composition by Scribe Design, Gillingham, Kent Printed and bound in China Contents Preface vii Acknowledgements ix 1 The challenge of diagnosis 1 2 The history 4 3 Examination 11 4 Diagnostic tests 33 5 Pain of dental origin 71 6 Pain of non-dental origin 99 7 Trauma 124 8 Infection 140 9 Cysts 160 10 Ulcers 185 11 White patches 210 12 Bumps, lumps and swellings 226 13 Oral changes in systemic disease 263 14 Oral consequences of medication 290 Index 299 Preface The foundation of any form of successful treatment is accurate diagnosis. Though scientifically based, dentistry is also an art. This is evident in the provision of operative dental care and also in the diagnosis of oral and dental diseases. While diagnostic skills will be developed and enhanced by experience, it is essential that every prospective dentist is taught how to develop a structured and comprehensive approach to oral diagnosis. -
Diagnosis of Cracked Tooth Syndrome
Dental Science - Review Article Diagnosis of cracked tooth syndrome Sebeena Mathew, Boopathi Thangavel, Chalakuzhiyil Abraham Mathew1, SivaKumar Kailasam, Karthick Kumaravadivel, Arjun Das Departments of ABSTRACT Conservative Dentistry The incidences of cracks in teeth seem to have increased during the past decade. Dental practitioners need and Endodontics and to be aware of cracked tooth syndrome (CTS) in order to be successful at diagnosing CTS. Early diagnosis 1Prosthodontics, KSR Institute of Dental Science has been linked with successful restorative management and predictably good prognosis. The purpose of this and Research, KSR Kalvi article is to highlight factors that contribute to detecting cracked teeth. Nagar, Thokkavadi (Po), Tiruchengode, Namakkal (Dt), Tamil Nadu, India Address for correspondence: Dr. Sebeena Mathe, E-mail: matsden@gmail. com Received : 01-12-11 Review completed : 02-01-12 Accepted : 26-01-12 KEY WORDS: Bite test, cracked tooth syndrome, transillumination racked tooth is defined as an incomplete fracture of the patient. Identification can be difficult because the discomfort C dentine in a vital posterior tooth that involves the dentine or pain can mimic that arising from other pathologies, such as and occasionally extends into the pulp. The term “cracked tooth sinusitis, temperomandibular joint disorders, headaches, ear syndrome” (CTS) was first introduced by Cameron in 1964.[1] pain, or atypical orofacial pain. Thus, diagnosis can be time consuming and represents a clinical challenge.[3] Early diagnosis The diagnosis of CTS is often problematic and has been known is paramount as restorative intervention can limit propagation of to challenge even the most experienced dental operators, the fracture, subsequent microleakage, and involvement of the accountable largely by the fact that the associated symptoms pulpal or periodontal tissues, or catastrophic failure of the cusp.[4] tend to be very variable and at times bizarre.[2] The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the diagnosis of CTS. -
Zeroing in on the Cause of Your Patient's Facial Pain
Feras Ghazal, DDS; Mohammed Ahmad, Zeroing in on the cause MD; Hussein Elrawy, DDS; Tamer Said, MD Department of Oral Health of your patient's facial pain (Drs. Ghazal and Elrawy) and Department of Family Medicine/Geriatrics (Drs. Ahmad and Said), The overlapping characteristics of facial pain can make it MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio difficult to pinpoint the cause. This article, with a handy at-a-glance table, can help. [email protected] The authors reported no potential conflict of interest relevant to this article. acial pain is a common complaint: Up to 22% of adults PracticE in the United States experience orofacial pain during recommendationS F any 6-month period.1 Yet this type of pain can be dif- › Advise patients who have a ficult to diagnose due to the many structures of the face and temporomandibular mouth, pain referral patterns, and insufficient diagnostic tools. disorder that in addition to Specifically, extraoral facial pain can be the result of tem- taking their medication as poromandibular disorders, neuropathic disorders, vascular prescribed, they should limit disorders, or atypical causes, whereas facial pain stemming activities that require moving their jaw, modify their diet, from inside the mouth can have a dental or nondental cause and minimize stress; they (FIGURE). Overlapping characteristics can make it difficult to may require physical therapy distinguish these disorders. To help you to better diagnose and and therapeutic exercises. C manage facial pain, we describe the most common causes and underlying pathological processes. › Consider prescribing a tricyclic antidepressant for patients with persistent idiopathic facial pain. C Extraoral facial pain Extraoral pain refers to the pain that occurs on the face out- 2-15 Strength of recommendation (SoR) side of the oral cavity. -
Oral Rehabilitation of Young Adult with Amelogenesis Imperfecta 1Vincent WS Leung, 2Bernard Low, 3Yanqi Yang, 4Michael G Botelho
JCDP Oral Rehabilitation of Young10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2305 Adult with Amelogenesis Imperfecta CASE REPORT Oral Rehabilitation of Young Adult with Amelogenesis Imperfecta 1Vincent WS Leung, 2Bernard Low, 3Yanqi Yang, 4Michael G Botelho ABSTRACT preparation, correcting posterior bilateral cross-bite, as well as an anterior reverse overjet and derotation of the canines. Background: Amelogenesis imperfecta is a heterogeneous group of hereditary disorders that affect the enamel formation Clinical significance: This case report demonstrates the of the primary and permanent dentitions while the remaining effective restoration of AI using a multidisciplinary approach to tooth structure is normal. Appropriate patient care is necessary overcome crowding using a relatively conservative approach. to prevent adverse effects on dental oral health, dental disfigure- Keywords: Amelogenesis imperfecta, Full ceramic crown, ment, and psychological well-being. Orthodontic treatment, Porcelain veneers. Aim: This clinical report presents a 27-year-old Chinese male with How to cite this article: Leung WS, Low B, Yang Y, amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) and his restorative management. Botelho MG. Oral Rehabilitation of Young Adult with Amelogenesis Case report: This clinical report presents a 27-year-old Chinese Imperfecta. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(5):599-604. male with AI and his restorative management. Extraoral exami- Source of support: Nil nation showed a skeletal class III profile and increased lower facial proportion. Intraorally, all the permanent dentition was Conflict of interest: None hypoplastic with noticeable tooth surface loss and a yellow- brown appearance. This was complicated with a mild maloc- BACKGROUND clusion and food packing on his posterior teeth. The patient wanted to improve his appearance and masticatory efficiency. -
Management of Acute Periodontal Abscess Mimicking Acute Apical Abscess in the Anterior Lingual Region: a Case Report
Open Access Case Report DOI: 10.7759/cureus.5592 Management of Acute Periodontal Abscess Mimicking Acute Apical Abscess in the Anterior Lingual Region: A Case Report Omar A. Alharbi 1 , Muhammad Zubair Ahmad 1 , Atif S. Agwan 1 , Durre Sadaf 1 1. Conservative Dentistry, Qassim University, College of Dentistry, Buraydha, SAU Corresponding author: Muhammad Zubair Ahmad, [email protected] Abstract Purulent infections of periodontal tissues are known as periodontal abscesses localized to the region of the involved tooth. Due to the high prevalence rate and aggressive symptoms, it is considered a dental emergency; urgent care is mandatory to maintain the overall health and well being of the patient. This case report describes the management of a patient who presented with an acute periodontal abscess secondary to poor oral hygiene. Clinically and radiographically, the lesion was mimicking an acute apical abscess secondary to pulpal necrosis. Periodontal treatment was started after completion of antibiotic therapy. The clinical presentation of the condition and results of the recovery, along with a brief review of relevant literature are discussed. Categories: Pain Management, Miscellaneous, Dentistry Keywords: periodontal abscess, antimicrobial agents, dental pulp test, dental pulp necrosis, apical suppurative periodontitis Introduction Periodontium, as a general term, describes the tissues surrounding and supporting the tooth structure. A localized purulent infection of the periodontal tissues adjacent to a periodontal pocket, also known as a periodontal abscess, is a frequently encountered periodontal condition that may be characterized by the rapid destruction of periodontal tissues [1-2]. The symptoms generally involve severe pain, swelling of the alveolar mucosa or gingiva, a reddish blue or red appearance of the affected tissues, and difficulty in chewing [1-3]. -
Gingival Recession – Etiology and Treatment
Preventive_V2N2_AUG11:Preventive 8/17/2011 12:54 PM Page 6 Gingival Recession – Etiology and Treatment Mark Nicolucci, D.D.S., M.S., cert. perio implant, F.R.C.D.(C) Murray Arlin, D.D.S., dip perio, F.R.C.D.(C) his article focuses on the recognition and reason is often a prophylactic one; that is we understanding of recession defects of the want to prevent the recession from getting T oral mucosa. Specifically, which cases are worse. This reasoning is also true for the esthetic treatable, how we treat these cases and why we and sensitivity scenarios as well. Severe chose certain treatments. Good evidence has recession is not only more difficult to treat, but suggested that the amount of height of keratinized can also be associated with food impaction, or attached gingiva is independent of the poor esthetics, gingival irritation, root sensitivity, progression of recession (Miyasato et al. 1977, difficult hygiene, increased root caries, loss of Dorfman et al. 1980, 1982, Kennedy et al. 1985, supporting bone and even tooth loss . To avoid Freedman et al. 1999, Wennstrom and Lindhe these complications we would want to treat even 1983). Such a discussion is an important the asymptomatic instances of recession if we consideration with recession defects but this article anticipate them to progress. However, non- will focus simply on a loss of marginal gingiva. progressing recession with no signs or Recession is not simply a loss of gingival symptoms does not need treatment. In order to tissue; it is a loss of clinical attachment and by know which cases need treatment, we need to necessity the supporting bone of the tooth that distinguish between non-progressing and was underneath the gingiva. -
June 18, 2013 8:30 Am – 11:30 Am
Tuesday – June 18, 2013 8:30 am – 11:30 am Poster Abstracts – Tuesday, June 18, 2013 #1 ORAL LESIONS AS THE PRESENTING MANIFESTATION OF CROHN'S DISEASE V Woo, E Herschaft, J Wang U of Nevada, Las Vegas Crohn’s disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disorder of the gastrointestinal tract which together with ulcerative colitis, comprise the two major types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The underlying etiology has been attributed to defects in mucosal immunity and the intestinal epithelial barrier in a genetically susceptible host, resulting in an inappropriate inflammatory response to intestinal microbes. The lesions of CD can affect any region of the alimentary tract as well as extraintestinal sites such as the skin, joints and eyes. The most common presenting symptoms are periumbilical pain and diarrhea associated with fevers, malaise and anemia. Oral involvement has been termed oral CD and may manifest as lip swelling, cobblestoned mucosa, mucogingivitis and linear ulcerations and fissures. Oral lesions may precede gastrointestinal involvement and can serve as early markers of CD. We describe a 6-year-old male who presented for evaluation of multifocal gingival erythema and swellings. His medical history was unremarkable for gastrointestinal disorders or distress. Histopathologic examination showed multiple well-formed granulomas that were negative for special stains and foreign body material. A diagnosis of granulomatous gingivitis was rendered. The patient was advised to seek consultation with a pediatric gastroenterologist and following colonoscopy, was diagnosed with early stage CD. Timely recognition of the oral manifestations of CD is critical because only a minority of patients will continue to exhibit CD-specific oral lesions at follow-up. -
Prevention and Treatment of Periodontal Diseases in Primary Care Guidance in Brief
Scottish Dental SD Clinical Effectiveness Programme cep Prevention and Treatment of Periodontal Diseases in Primary Care Guidance in Brief June 2014 Scottish Dental SD Clinical Effectiveness Programme cep The Scottish Dental Clinical Effectiveness Programme (SDCEP) is an initiative of the National Dental Advisory Committee (NDAC) in partnership with NHS Education for Scotland. The Programme provides user-friendly, evidence-based guidance on topics identified as priorities for oral health care. SDCEP guidance aims to support improvements in patient care by bringing together, in a structured manner, the best available information that is relevant to the topic and presenting this information in a form that can be interpreted easily and implemented. Supporting the provision of safe, effective, person-centred care Scottish Dental SD Clinical Effectiveness Programme cep Prevention and Treatment of Periodontal Diseases in Primary Care Guidance in Brief June 2014 Prevention and Treatment of Periodontal Diseases in Primary Care Cover image: Colour-enhanced photomicrograph of oral bacterial colonies growing on an agar plate. Derren Ready, Wellcome Images. © Scottish Dental Clinical Effectiveness Programme SDCEP operates within NHS Education for Scotland. You may copy or reproduce the information in this document for use within NHS Scotland and for non-commercial educational purposes. Use of this document for commercial purposes is permitted only with written permission. ISBN 978 1 905829 18 7 Published June 2014 Scottish Dental Clinical Effectiveness Programme Dundee Dental Education Centre, Frankland Building, Small’s Wynd, Dundee DD1 4HN Email [email protected] Tel 01382 425751 / 425771 Website www.sdcep.org.uk Prevention and Treatment of Periodontal Diseases in Primary Care Introduction Prevention and Treatment of Periodontal Diseases in Primary Care is designed to assist and support primary care dental teams in providing appropriate care for patients both at risk of and with periodontal diseases. -
Pathological and Therapeutic Approach to Endotoxin-Secreting Bacteria Involved in Periodontal Disease
toxins Review Pathological and Therapeutic Approach to Endotoxin-Secreting Bacteria Involved in Periodontal Disease Rosalia Marcano 1, M. Ángeles Rojo 2 , Damián Cordoba-Diaz 3 and Manuel Garrosa 1,* 1 Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and INCYL, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; [email protected] 2 Area of Experimental Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University, 47012 Valladolid, Spain; [email protected] 3 Area of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and IUFI, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: It is widely recognized that periodontal disease is an inflammatory entity of infectious origin, in which the immune activation of the host leads to the destruction of the supporting tissues of the tooth. Periodontal pathogenic bacteria like Porphyromonas gingivalis, that belongs to the complex net of oral microflora, exhibits a toxicogenic potential by releasing endotoxins, which are the lipopolysaccharide component (LPS) available in the outer cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. Endotoxins are released into the tissues causing damage after the cell is lysed. There are three well-defined regions in the LPS: one of them, the lipid A, has a lipidic nature, and the other two, the Core and the O-antigen, have a glycosidic nature, all of them with independent and synergistic functions. Lipid A is the “bioactive center” of LPS, responsible for its toxicity, and shows great variability along bacteria. In general, endotoxins have specific receptors at the cells, causing a wide immunoinflammatory response by inducing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the production of matrix metalloproteinases. -
Sensitive Teeth.Qxp
Sensitive teeth may be a warning of more serious problems Do You Have Sensitive Teeth? If you have a common problem called “sensitive teeth,” a sip of iced tea or a cup of hot cocoa, the sudden intake of cold air or pressure from your toothbrush may be painful. Sensitive teeth can be experienced at any age as a momentary slight twinge to long-term severe discomfort. It is important to consult your dentist because sensitive teeth may be an early warning sign of more serious dental problems. Understanding Tooth Structure. What Causes Sensitive Teeth? To better understand how sensitivity There can be many causes for sensitive develops, we need to consider the teeth. Cavities, fractured teeth, worn tooth composition of tooth structure. The crown- enamel, cracked teeth, exposed tooth root, the part of the tooth that is most visible- gum recession or periodontal disease may has a tough, protective jacket of enamel, be causing the problem. which is an extremely strong substance. Below the gum line, a layer of cementum Periodontal disease is an infection of the protects the tooth root. Underneath the gums and bone that support the teeth. If left enamel and cementum is dentin. untreated, it can progress until bone and other supporting tissues are destroyed. This Dentin is a part of the tooth that contains can leave the root surfaces of teeth exposed tiny tubes. When dentin loses its and may lead to tooth sensitivity. protective covering and is exposed, these small tubes permit heat, cold, Brushing incorrectly or too aggressively may certain types of foods or pressure to injure your gums and can also cause tooth stimulate nerves and cells inside of roots to be exposed.