News English 新聞英文
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News English Course Materials 新聞英文 課程自編講義 授課老師: 葉姿青 學生姓名: ______________ 學 號: ______________ Table of Contents: 目 錄 1. Course Syllabus・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・p. 3 2. Grading ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・p. 5 3. Introduction to News English・・・・・・・・p. 6 4. News English Structure・・・・・・・・・・・・p. 8 5. Politics: Left and Right・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・p. 10 6. Politics: Conspiracy Theory・・・・・・・・・・・・・p. 14 7. Finance: The Global Recession・・・・・・・・・・・p. 16 8. Surveillance and WikiLeaks・・・・・・・・・・・・・p. 19 9. Terrorism and Terrorist Attack・・・・・・p.27 10. Refugee Crisis・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・p.37 11. Environment・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・p.39 12. Zika Virus・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・p.45 13. Appendix (1): Expression Key・・・・・・・p.53 14. Appendix (2): Exercise Sheets・・・・・・・p.55 15. Appendix (3):Writing Style Guide・・・・p.57 16. Appendix (4): On “Fake News”・・・・p.60 2 1. Course Syllabus Week Date Course Contents 1 2/16 Introduction to course Introduction to News English 2 2/23 Exercise: View 1st MOOCS and online test in class. Introduction to Structure of News Article 3 3/2 Preview: Complete 2nd MOOCS and the 2nd online test before attending the class. Politics: Left and Right 4 3/9 Preview: Complete 3rd MOOCS and online test. Politics: Conspiracy Theory 5 3/16 Preview: Complete 4th MOOCS and online test. Finance: The Global Recession 6 3/23 Preview: Complete 5th MOOCS and online test. 7 3/30 Social Issue: The World of Surveillance and WikiLeaks Feedback on Report 1. Submit 1st journal report (word document, 250-word, 8 4/6 double space) on the platform, and print out a hardcopy. 2. Complete Evaluation Form for peer review. 9 4/13 Midterm Presentation: Give an individual 3-5 minutes PPT presentation based on the topics and related issues 10 4/20 discussed in previous weeks. 11 4/27 Global News: Terrorism and Terrorist Attacks Global News: Refugee Crisis 12 5/4 Preview: Complete 6th MOOCS and online test. 13 5/11 Global News: Environmental Issue 14 5/18 Global News: Zika Virus Feedback on Report 1. Submit 2nd journal report (word document, 250-word, 15 5/25 double space) on teaching resources platform, and print out a hardcopy. 2. Complete Evaluation Form for peer review. 3 16 6/1 [Tentative] 公開成果展 17 6/8 Final Presentation: Give an individual 3-5 minutes PPT presentation based on the topics and related issues 18 6/15 discussed in previous weeks. 4 2. Grading Policy A. 期中、期末個人專題報告 60% 1. 期中英文報告:15% 250 字=1 頁 A4, double space, time new roman, size 12 2. 期中 PPT:15% 時限 3~5 分鐘 3. 期末英文報告: 15% 250 字/1 頁 A4, double space, time new roman, size 12 4. 期末 PPT:15% 時限 3~5 分鐘 B. 其他個人作業 20% 1. 觀看 6 支 MOOCS 並完成線上測驗:10% 2. 每週於課堂上根據焦點議題發表個人意見於網站的論壇區: 10% C. 組別/團體活動 20% 製作 1 支影片(教學、創作、戲劇、宣傳、微電影等等):20% 約 5~15 分鐘 5 3. Introduction to News English A. Warm-up Exercise: What are the pros and cons of reading the news? Is reading news important in our life? Why or why not? 6 B. Newsworthiness 1. Timing The word news means things that are new —information on the latest, most current events. 2. Significance The number of people affected by the event, the importance of the event to international relations, or the magnitude of the event is important 3. Proximity Distance is not only measured geographically, but culturally as well. 4. Prominence Celebrities, politicians, and royalty—they are newsworthy simply because they are famous. 5. Human Interest They appeal to readers' emotions, sympathy or sense of curiosity. C. Sections of a Newspaper 1. Hard News (Serious News): This is what we think of when we say "the news." These stories inform the reader of events that have happened within the recent past, usually the day before, and are usually found in the first section of any newspaper or at the top of a news website. 2. Features: These articles are generally longer and go deeper into their subject matter. They may seek to emotionally affect the reader, to explain the news, or to offer personal insight. 3. Sports: This section reports on teams that have won or lost, the prospects of different clubs and personalities. This section may be divided according to the activity, such as baseball, football or basketball. 4. Business: These articles often describe profits and losses at various companies trends in stock markets, and profile important CEOs and other leaders. 5. Editorial/Op-Ed: Articles in this section don't simply inform readers about events, but interpret them from a particular viewpoint. For example, an opinion article won't just report on a politician's speech, but will interpret the speech in either a positive or negative way. 6. Science: These articles report news about advances in scientific knowledge. 7. Health: These articles either describe the latest medical news or inform readers about maintaining fitness. 8. Entertainment: This section consists of movie and theater reviews, descriptions of local festivals, and gossip and interviews related to celebrities. 9. Technology: This section consists of articles discussing the latest advances in computers, robotics, and energy. 10. Travel: These articles describe how to get to exotic locations, where to stay, the best food and how much you can expect to spend there. 7 4. News English Structure A. Structure of a News Article 1. Headline: (eye-catching) • Unique grammar and vocabulary. Using simple present tense. 2. The Lead: (grab reader’s attention) • Appears in the first sentence to sum up main facts or information (mostly they are summary leads) in a single line. 3. The Body: (full detail and conclusion) • Details: expand on the lead to explain/clarify further • Power quote: from witnesses, experts • Nut graph: significance, distinctiveness of an article B. Features of News 1. Different kinds of article – Fact-based – Opinion-based 2. Vocabularies – Synonyms – Tones *Aim at precision/accuracy. 3. Effects – Biased, misleading – Objective, neutral, fair, disinterested, factual – Emotive, conservative, reactionary, liberal *Vocabulary/Wording used may affect the tone and establish perspective of the news article. C. Ethics of Journalism News writing is based on the principle of journalistic professionalism. This principle states that reporters and journalists should be objective in their writing. This means 8 they must treat all the participants fairly, with disinterestedness and factuality, and that they must be free from political influence. D. Headlines 1. Use simple present tense to describe past events. – President Obama defends stimulus bill. 2. Use present progressive to describe ongoing events. – FDA still probing Friday’s J&J recall. 3. Use the infinitive form of the verb (to +V.) to describe future events. – Malaysia to update its quota system. 4. Don’t use auxiliary verbs, such as “have” or “to be,” in passive sentences. – Bullet removed from head. 5. Leave out articles “a/the/this…” and “to be” to save space. – Suspect arrested in NYC bomb attempt. 6. Use nouns, verbs and prepositions as adjectives. – Post-Copenhagen climate talks begin amid discord. 7. Use specialized vocabulary and abbreviations. – Judge nixes media request for iPhone warrant. (note: nixes for refuses; warrant is a legal term) 8. Colloquialisms or even slang terms are commonly used. – Hillary slams Iran prez following Ahmadinejad’s rant at UN. 9. Special uses of punctuation. – Joint Chiefs Chair: No, No, No. Don’t Attack Iran. (indicating a speaker) – Stocks fall after wild day; Europe woes linger. (indicating a different angle of the same story) E. Exercise 1. Three people have been killed in a terrible shop fire. → Terrible shop fire kills 3. 2. The Boston Red Sox have humiliated the Toronto Blue Jays, who lost 8-0. → Boston Red Sox humiliate Toronto Blue Jays 8-0. 3. Police mistakes have led to 183 crimes not being detected. → Police mistakes: 183 crimes not detected 4. A judge has sentenced a lottery winner to jail for a bank robbery. → Lottery winner jailed for robbery. 9 5. Politics: Left and Right Left Wing vs Right Wing Comparison Chart Left Wing Right Wing Political Liberal Conservative Philosophy Economic Policy Income equality; higher tax rates on the Lower taxes and less regulation on businesses; wealthy; government spending on social reduced government spending; balanced budget; programs and infrastructure; stronger regulations on business. Healthcare Policy Believe that access to healthcare is one of Oppose government-provided universal the fundamental rights of all citizens. healthcare and the Affordable Care Act. Favor Support universal healthcare, the competition to Medicare from private insurance Affordable Care Act, expansion of companies; oppose Medicaid expansion. Medicare and Medicaid. Immigration Pathway to citizenship for undocumented No "amnesty" for undocumented immigrants; Policy immigrants; moratorium on deportations stronger border patrol and fence to check illegal or prosecutions of undocumented immigration. Belief that illegal immigration is immigrants who are young adults and lowering wages for citizens and documented have no criminal record. immigrants. Views on Generally in favor of abortion rights, and Generally against abortion and opposed to stem Abortion stem cell research. cell research. Views on Gay Generally support gay marriage; support Generally opposed to gay marriage; opposed to Rights anti-discrimination laws to protect LGBT certain anti-discrimination laws because they against workplace discrimination. believe such laws conflict with certain religious beliefs and restrict freedom of religion. Views on Gun In favor of gun control laws like Strongly opposed to gun control laws; strong Rights background checks or waiting periods proponents of the Second Amendment. before buying a gun; banning automatic 10 Left Wing vs Right Wing Comparison Chart Left Wing Right Wing weapons; and disallowing concealed weapons. Associated Democratic Party, Green, Socialist Republican Party; Libertarians; Constitutional Political Parties Party Associated Media The New York Times, MSNBC National Review, Fox News Ideologies Social Democracy; Federalism;Socialism, Capitalism; Conservatism Communism; Collectivism; Marxism Famous Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Ronald Reagan, Margaret Thatcher, George Proponents of Einstein, Barack Obama, Francois Washington, Winston Churchill, George W.