DOCSLIB.ORG

Impact of Predatory Carabids on Below- and Above-Ground Pests and Yield in Strawberry

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Impact of Predatory Carabids on Below- and Above-Ground Pests and Yield in Strawberry BioControl DOI 10.1007/s10526-011-9425-z Impact of predatory carabids on below- and above-ground pests and yield in strawberry Jana C. Lee • David L. Edwards Received: 23 June 2011 / Accepted: 10 November 2011 Ó International Organization for Biological Control (outside the USA) 2011 Abstract The impact of adult carabid beetles on placed on the soil surface in the first year. Decreasing below- and above-ground pests and fruit yield was carabid density within exclusion plots resulted in examined in the laboratory and a two-year strawberry fewer marketable fruits compared to control plots in field study. In the laboratory, adults of Carabus both years. These results suggest that certain adult nemoralis Muller, Nebria brevicollis (F.), Pterosti- carabids may have limited impact belowground, and chus algidus LeConte, Pterostichus melanarius (Illig- some beneficial impacts above-ground with pest er), and Scaphinotus marginatus Fischer (Coleoptera: control and crop protection. Carabidae) consumed black vine weevil, Otiorhyn- chus sulcatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) eggs, Keywords Carabidae Á Density-manipulation plots Á larvae and/or pupae placed on the surface. The same Otiorhynchus sulcatus Á Pterostichus melanarius Á five carabid species showed no impact or low removal Weed seed predation rates of O. sulcatus larvae that had burrowed into the root of potted strawberry plants. In an assay with only P. melanarius, adults consumed O. sulcatus larvae placed on the soil surface more frequently than larvae Introduction buried 1.3 or 5 cm below. In a field study, the density of adult carabids, predominantly P. melanarius, was Carabid beetles are common polyphagous predators, manipulated with augmented, exclusion, and open and a review of 241 species of adult carabids from 110 control plots (2 9 2 m). Manipulating carabid density studies reveals that pest Lepidoptera were killed by had no impact on the removal of sentinel O. sulcatus 43% of carabid species, Diptera by 20%, Coleoptera larvae and pupae that were buried belowground which by 12% and Homoptera by 12% of species examined is consistent with laboratory observations. Increasing (Sunderland 2002). Also, ten genera of carabids are carabid density within augmented plots led to greater known seed predators in North America (Tooley removal of red clover seeds, Trifolium pratense L., and Brust 2002). Adult carabids frequently burrow beneath the soil during parts of the day and could potentially suppress pests belowground. While a Handling Editor: Patrick De Clercq wealth of studies exist on carabid predation, fewer studies have focused on belowground predation by & J. C. Lee ( ) Á D. L. Edwards adult carabids. Numerous predation studies of dipteran USDA ARS, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, 3420 NW Orchard Avenue, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA and coleopteran pests focus on the egg or larval pest e-mail: [email protected] stages that occur on the soil surface or above, or the 123 J. C. Lee, D. L. Edwards removal of sentinel pests placed on the surface study were: (1) to confirm predation of adult carabids (Sunderland 2002). on O. sulcatus in the laboratory, and (2) to evaluate Potential evidence of belowground predation by the impacts carabid adults have on belowground carabid adults includes studies that use belowground O. sulcatus larvae and pupae, above-ground weed sentinel prey, predator gut content analysis, or seeds, and fruit harvest in strawberry fields. Red manipulating predator densities. Two carabid species clover, Trifolium pratense L., is a common perennial have been shown to substantially remove sentinel weed and the seeds were used in this study because weed seeds buried 0.5 or 1.0 cm below in greenhouse they might be encountered by carabids foraging in experiments (White et al. 2007). DNA analysis of strawberry fields in the Pacific Northwest. adult carabids collected from citrus orchards (Monzo´ et al. 2011), and immuno-analysis of carabids from wheat fields (Floate et al. 1990) indicated that carabids Methods were consuming a fruit fly and midge pest, respec- tively. When carabids were excluded from oilseed Laboratory experiments rape plots, the number of emerging adult weevils from the soil was higher than from plots accessible Potential predation was monitored in a simple arena to carabids (Zaller et al. 2009). Conversely, when using field-collected carabids of five species: Carabus carabids were augmented to plots, the number of nemoralis Muller, Nebria brevicollis (F.), Pterosti- emerging adult pollen beetles from the soil was chus algidus LeConte, Pterostichus melanarius (Illig- marginally reduced (Zaller et al. 2009). It is important er), and Scaphinotus marginatus Fischer (Coleoptera: to consider that the examples cited (Floate et al. 1990, Carabidae). Individual carabids were starved with Zaller et al. 2009, Monzo´ et al. 2011) may also reflect water for 24 h and given either 50 O. sulcatus eggs on carabids encountering pest larvae at the soil surface as wet filter paper in a 14 cm diameter Petri dish, or ten the pest moves from the plant into the soil to pupate. O. sulcatus 5th instar larvae or five pupae placed on Strawberries are a high-value crop grown world- top of 4 mm of moistened sieved loam in a 0.59 l wide in temperate areas, and plagued by aphids, mites, plastic container. All carabid species were tested for root weevils, slugs and weeds. A review of biological consumption of O. sulcatus larvae, but only some control in strawberries describes carabids contributing species for consumption of eggs and pupae depending to vine weevil and slug control (Cross et al. 2001). on availability. The number of prey consumed was Root weevils including black vine weevil, Otiorhyn- checked after 24 h. In a second study, predation of chus sulcatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), are O. sulcatus larvae by adult carabids of the same five very damaging because the larval stage feeds on species was monitored in infested potted strawberry strawberry roots and diminishes plant growth. plants. A strawberry plant in a 3.8 l pot was inoculated Management of weevils in strawberries often relies with ten O. sulcatus fourth-instar larvae one week on chemical treatments with limited biological control prior to experimentation. This allowed pest larvae to options (DeFrancesco et al. 2002). Trench barriers burrow, feed, and establish before introduction of have shown to protect strawberries from immigrating carabids. One adult carabid or none (control) was weevils but can also stop the immigration of beneficial placed per strawberry plant and prevented from carabids and can be costly to implement (Bomford and escape by enclosing the upper part of the pot in a Vernon 2005). 30 9 30 9 30 cm Bug Dorm (BioQuip, Rancho The effectiveness of carabids in controlling O. Dominguez, California, USA). After one week of sulcatus requires further study. Carabids of unknown exposure, the soil from the strawberry plants was species were described to consume O. sulcatus eggs removed to count the number of surviving O. sulcatus and larvae in the laboratory (Evenhuis 1983; Garth and larvae. A t-test with the control determined whether Shanks 1978). Evidence of O. sulcatus predation in the each carabid species significantly reduced the propor- field was anecdotal. Insecticide-treated plots had more tion of O. sulcatus larvae recovered from the pot O. sulcatus and fewer carabids suggesting that the lack (arcsine-transformed). In a third study, only P. melana- of carabids and predation activity led to higher pest rius were used due to availability. Starved adults were abundance (Evenhuis 1982). The objectives of this placed separately into 2.4 l containers with 7.6 cm of 123 Carbid predation in strawberry loam, and five O. sulcatus 4–5th instar larvae that were: same augmented and control plots, and removed from (1) placed on the surface, (2) buried 1.3 cm below, or (3) exclusion plots. Trapping occured from 14 July to 30 5 cm below. Larvae were counted after 24 h. A Pear- October in 2008, and from 7 May to 1 October in 2009, son’s v2 analysis tested for the effect of depth on the and then every other week 12–29 October in 2009. presence or absence of predation, and an ANOVA tested After manipulating carabid densities, predation was the effect of depth on the proportion of larvae consumed monitored with sentinel O. sulcatus larvae and pupae, (arcsine-transformed). and red clover seeds, T. pratense. For larval predation, two strawberry plants were randomly selected per plot Field experiments for infestation. Ten lab-reared 5th instar O. sulcatus were inoculated per plant. After 20–28 days, inocu- A 0.134 and 0.036 ha field of ‘Hood’ strawberries lated plants were dug up and carefully screened for were planted on 12–13 May 2008. No insecticides surviving larvae. Surviving larvae were expected to were used in the fields, but manual weeding and her- remain in the larval stage because the 5th instar bicide applications of Poast (sethoxydim), Roundup develops for 119–115 days, and the 6th instar devel- (glyphosate), Stinger (clopyralid), Spartan 4F (sulf- ops for 130–211 days before pupating (La Lone and entrazone), and Aim (carfentrazone) were done in Clarke 1981). New replacement strawberry plants 2008–2009. To determine the role of carabids in were immediately transplanted into plots. Larval weevil control, carabid densities were manipulated in predation tests were conducted when larger O. sulc- small enclosed ‘augmented’ and ‘exclusion’ plots, and atus larvae would be expected in the field: 18 July–15 unenclosed control plots. Barriers used to manipulate August, 21 August–17 September, 1–23 October in predator densities provide an effective test of whether 2008, 28 July–17 August, 19 August–8 September, carabids can have an impact on pest levels (Menalled and 17 September–7 October in 2009. For pupal et al. 1999; Sunderland 2002). Plots were 2 9 2min predation, seven lab-reared O.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Anisodactylus Binotatus Fabr., a Carabid Beetle New to New Zealand, and a Review of the Exotic Carabid Fauna
    Pacific Insects 5 (4) : 837-847 December 30, 1963 ANISODACTYLUS BINOTATUS FABR., A CARABID BEETLE NEW TO NEW ZEALAND, AND A REVIEW OF THE EXOTIC CARABID FAUNA By R. L. C. Pilgrim DEPT, OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF CANTERBURY, NEW ZEALAND Abstract: Anisodactylus binotatus Fabr. 1787 (Col.: Carabidae), an introduced species now established in Canterbury (South Island), New Zealand, is reported for the first time. The literature respecting other carabids sometimes recorded as introduced is reviewed; Ago- nochila binotata (White, 1846), Agonum submetallicum (White, 1846), Hypharpax australasiae (Dejean, 1829) and Pentagonica vittipennis Chaudoir, 1877 are shown to be better considered as endemic to the Australia - New Zealand area. Other species are classed as either native to New Zealand, clearly introduced though not all established, or of doubtful occurrence in New Zealand. Introduction: The Carabidae of New Zealand are predominantly endemic species, but a small number of exotic species has been recorded. This paper reports a further introduc­ tion to the carabid fauna of this country and concludes with a survey of recorded exotic Carabidae in New Zealand. Specimens of the newly-recorded species were collected in domestic gardens in Christ­ church, and were included in a collection sent for identification to Dr. E. B. Britton, British Museum (Nat. Hist.), who kindly drew the writer's attention to the fact that they were so far unreported from New Zealand. Description of adult (from New Zealand specimens) Fig. 1. Anisodactylus binotatus Fabricius, 1787 Color: Head, pronotum, elytra and femora black; tibiae and tarsi light brown to red- black ; palps and antennal segments 1-2 brown, remainder of antennae black; leg spines red-brown; head with small red spot on frons between eyes.
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera: Carabidae) Assemblages in a North American Sub-Boreal Forest
    Forest Ecology and Management 256 (2008) 1104–1123 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Forest Ecology and Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foreco Catastrophic windstorm and fuel-reduction treatments alter ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages in a North American sub-boreal forest Kamal J.K. Gandhi a,b,1, Daniel W. Gilmore b,2, Steven A. Katovich c, William J. Mattson d, John C. Zasada e,3, Steven J. Seybold a,b,* a Department of Entomology, 219 Hodson Hall, 1980 Folwell Avenue, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA b Department of Forest Resources, 115 Green Hall, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA c USDA Forest Service, State and Private Forestry, 1992 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA d USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 5985 Hwy K, Rhinelander, WI 54501, USA e USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 1831 Hwy 169E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: We studied the short-term effects of a catastrophic windstorm and subsequent salvage-logging and Received 9 September 2007 prescribed-burning fuel-reduction treatments on ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages in a Received in revised form 8 June 2008 sub-borealforestinnortheasternMinnesota,USA. During2000–2003, 29,873groundbeetlesrepresentedby Accepted 9 June 2008 71 species were caught in unbaited and baited pitfall traps in aspen/birch/conifer (ABC) and jack pine (JP) cover types. At the family level, both land-area treatment and cover type had significant effects on ground Keywords: beetle trap catches, but there were no effects of pinenes and ethanol as baits.
    [Show full text]
  • Carabidae Recording Card A4
    Locality Grey cells for GPS RA77 COLEOPTERA: Carabidae (6453) Vice-county Grid reference users Recording Form Recorder Determiner Compiler Source (tick one) Date(s) from: Habitat (optional) Altitude Field to: (metres) Museum* *Source details No. No. No. Literature* OMOPHRONINAE 21309 Dyschirius politus 22335 Bembidion nigricorne 22717 Pterostichus niger 23716 Amara familiaris 24603 Stenolophus teutonus 25805 Dromius melanocephalus 20201 Omophron limbatum 21310 Dyschirius salinus 22336 Bembidion nigropiceum 22724 Pterostichus nigrita agg. 23717 Amara fulva 24501 Bradycellus caucasicus 25806 Dromius meridionalis CARABINAE 21311 Dyschirius thoracicus 22338 Bembidion normannum 22718 Pterostichus nigrita s.s. 23718 Amara fusca 24502 Bradycellus csikii 25807 Dromius notatus 20501 Calosoma inquisitor 21401 Clivina collaris 22339 Bembidion obliquum 22723 Pterostichus rhaeticus 23719 Amara infima 24503 Bradycellus distinctus 25808 Dromius quadrimaculatus 20502 Calosoma sycophanta 21402 Clivina fossor 22340 Bembidion obtusum 22719 Pterostichus oblongopunctatus 23720 Amara lucida 24504 Bradycellus harpalinus 25810 Dromius quadrisignatus 20401 Carabus arvensis BROSCINAE 22341 Bembidion octomaculatum 22703 Pterostichus quadrifoveolatus 23721 Amara lunicollis 24505 Bradycellus ruficollis 25811 Dromius sigma 20402 Carabus auratus 21501 Broscus cephalotes 22342 Bembidion pallidipenne 22720 Pterostichus strenuus 23722 Amara montivaga 24506 Bradycellus sharpi 25809 Dromius spilotus 20404 Carabus clathratus 21601 Miscodera arctica 22343 Bembidion prasinum
    [Show full text]
  • The Ground Beetles (Carabidae) of Priory Water NR, Leicestershire
    LEICESTERSHIRE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY The ground beetles (Carabidae) of Priory Water NR, Leicestershire 1 2 Tony Cook & Frank Clark LESOPS 30 (December 2013) ISSN 0957 - 1019 1Barnwood Cottage, Main Street, Slawston, Market Harborough LE16 7UF ([email protected]) 2Bank Cottage, 4 Main Street, Houghton on the Hill LE7 9GD ([email protected]) LESOPS 30 (2013) Ground beetles 2 Introduction Ground beetles (Carabidae) have been widely used for ecological studies and are the subject of numerous publications. The family forms a well-defined taxonomic group that can be easily recognized on the basis of a combination of anatomical features that include a characteristic body shape, eleven-segmented filiform (thread-like) antennae and five- segmented tarsi on all pairs of legs. Ground beetles are often uniformly dark in colour, although some species, especially those that are day-active, are more brightly coloured and variously patterned. Identification keys to British species of Carabidae have been available for many years (for example; Joy; 1932; Lindroth, 1974) and the taxonomy has been extensively revised in a recently published key by Luff (2007). Additional aids to identification can be found on-line (e.g. http://markgtelfer.co.uk/beetles). Ground beetles are very active, fast running beetles and many species are predators of smaller invertebrates. Their study has benefitted from the use of pitfall traps (see below in methods) although the technique has to be used with an awareness of the bias that may be present in the data obtained (Greenslade, 1964). Research into the carabid communities of different habitats (e.g. Pollard, 1968), the population ecology of particular species (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Carabidae (Coleoptera) and Other Arthropods Collected in Pitfall Traps in Iowa Cornfields, Fencerows and Prairies Kenneth Lloyd Esau Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1968 Carabidae (Coleoptera) and other arthropods collected in pitfall traps in Iowa cornfields, fencerows and prairies Kenneth Lloyd Esau Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Esau, Kenneth Lloyd, "Carabidae (Coleoptera) and other arthropods collected in pitfall traps in Iowa cornfields, fencerows and prairies " (1968). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 3734. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/3734 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 69-4232 ESAU, Kenneth Lloyd, 1934- CARABIDAE (COLEOPTERA) AND OTHER ARTHROPODS COLLECTED IN PITFALL TRAPS IN IOWA CORNFIELDS, FENCEROWS, AND PRAIRIES. Iowa State University, Ph.D., 1968 Entomology University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan CARABIDAE (COLEOPTERA) AND OTHER ARTHROPODS COLLECTED IN PITFALL TRAPS IN IOWA CORNFIELDS, PENCEROWS, AND PRAIRIES by Kenneth Lloyd Esau A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Pkrtial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
    [Show full text]
  • Comprehensive Conservation Plan for the Lee Metcalf National Wildlife
    Appendix G Species Lists This appendix contains the common and scientific names of animals and plants that have been recorded on Lee Metcalf National Wildlife Refuge or the surrounding Bitterroot Valley. The animal and plant lists are from ref­ uge wildlife surveys, annual narratives (USFWS 1988–93), and the 2009 Lee Metcalf Refuge Bioblitz. Species of concern were determined from global, Federal, and State of Montana listings (Montana Natural Heritage Program 2012). In the tables below, the asterisk (*) denotes a Montana Species of Concern, and the dagger (†) denotes a species that is on the Montana Noxious Weed List (September 2011) and high priority for treatment. CLASS AMPHIBIA Common name Scientific name Frogs American bullfrog Rana catesbeiana Columbia spotted frog Rana luteiventris Toads and Salamanders Boreal toad* Bufo boreas* Long-toed salamander Ambystoma macrodactylum CLASS REPTILIA Common name Scientific name Snakes Common garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis Terrestrial garter snake Thamnophis elegans Rubber boa Charina bottae Eastern racer Coluber constrictor Western rattlesnake Crotalus viridis Gopher snake Pituophis catenifer Turtles Painted turtle Chrysemys picta CLASS AVES Common name Scientific name Swans, Geese, and Ducks Snow goose Chen caerulescens Ross’s goose Chen rossii Greater white-fronted goose Anser albifrons Canada goose Branta canadensis Trumpeter swan* Cygnus buccinator* Tundra swan Cygnus columbianus Wood duck Aix sponsa Gadwall Anas strepara American wigeon Anas americana 170 Comprehensive Conservation Plan,
    [Show full text]
  • General Index to Reports of the State Entomologist of CT 1901-1925
    BULLETIN 281 AUGUST, 1926 GENERAL INDEX TO REPORTS OF THE. ' STATE ENTOMOLOGIST * CONNECTICUT W. E. BRITTON, Ph.D. State Entomologiet 4 GENERAL INDEX TO REPORTS OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST OF CONNECTICUT W. E. BRITTON, Ph.D. State Entomologist The Bulletins of this Station are mailed free to citizens of Connecticut who apply for them, and to other applicants as far as the editions permit. CONNECTICUT AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION OFFICERS AND STAFF as of August 1926 BOARD OF CONTROL His Excellency, John H. Trumbull, ex-oficio, Preskfcnt Charles R. Treat, Vice-president ................................Orange George A. Hopson, Secretary .............................Mount Carmel Wm. L. Slate, Jr., Director and Treasurer ...................Kew Haven Joseph W. Alsop ................................................ .Avon Elijah Rogers .............................................Southington Edward C. Schneider .......................................Middletown Francis F. Lincoln ............................................Cheshire STAFF. E. H. JENKINS, PH.D., Director Emeritus. Administration. Wx. L. SLATE,JR., B.Sc., Director and Treasurer. MISS L. h.I. BRAUTLECHT,Bookkeeper and Librarian. MISS T. V. BERGER,Stenographer and Bookkeeper. MISS MARYE. BRADLEY,Secretary. G. E. GRAHAM,In charge of Buildings and Grounds. Chemistry. E. M. BAILEY,PH.D., Chemist in Charge. Analytical C. E. SHEPARD Laboratory. OWENL. NOLAN HARRYJ. FISHER,A.B. Assistant Chemists. W. T. MATHIS \ FRANKC. SHELDON,Laboratory Assistant. V. L. CHURCHILL, Sampling Agent. MISS MAB~BACON, Stenographer. Biochemical T. B. OSRORNE,PH.D., Chemist in Charge. Laboratory. H. B. VICKERY,PH.D., Biochemist. MISS HELEN C. CANNON,B.S., Dietitian. Botany. G. P. CLINTON,Sc.D., Botanist in Churge. E. M. STODDARDB.S., Potnologist. Mrss FLORESCE'A. MCCORMICK,PH.D., Pathologist. WILLISR. HUNT,PH.D., Assistant in Botany. A. D. MCDONNELL,General Assistant.
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera, Carabidae, Pterostichini) from the Mountains of Central Idaho, U.S.A
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 104: 77–96Two (2011) new species of Pterostichus (Pseudoferonina) from central Idaho, USA 77 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.104.1272 RESEARCH articLE www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Two new species of Pterostichus Bonelli subgenus Pseudoferonina Ball (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Pterostichini) from the mountains of central Idaho, U.S.A. James C. Bergdahl1,†, David H. Kavanaugh2,‡ 1 Conservation Biology Center, University of the Wilderness, 919 S. Adams St., Spokane, WA 99204,U.S.A. 2 Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, U.S.A. † urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:7727AE64-B4B9-45EF-9BEA-67611A9C203B ‡ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:BB6CA906-35B2-4AF0-824C-93A9E7CEFCA0 Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh ([email protected]) Academic editor: Terry Erwin | Received 16 March 2011 | Accepted 14 April 2011 | Published 13 June 2011 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:82FD8593-7277-4405-9AC2-DDB7DBB1C08D Citation: Bergdahl JC, Kavanaugh DH (2011) Two new species of Pterostichus Bonelli subgenus Pseudoferonina Ball (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Pterostichini) from the mountains of central Idaho, U.S.A. ZooKeys 104: 77–96. doi: 10.3897/ zookeys.104.1272 Abstract Two new species of Pterostichus Bonelli subgenus Pseudoferonina Ball, are described from the mountains of central Idaho: Pterostichus bousqueti Bergdahl [type locality = small tributaries of South Fork of Payette River watershed, ca. 1170 m (3840 ft), 44.0675°/-115.6822°, near Lowman, Salmon River Mountains, Boise County, Idaho, U.S.A.] and Pterostichus lolo Bergdahl [type locality = Cottonwood/Orogrande Creek, ca. 870 m (2850 ft), 46.5528°/-115.5522°, North Fork of Clearwater River watershed, Clearwater Mountains, near Bungalow, Clearwater County, Idaho, U.S.A.].
    [Show full text]
  • Eurajoki Olkiluoto Study on Species of Ground Beetles and Ants 2008
    Working Report 2009-18 Eurajoki Olkiluoto Study on Species of Ground Beetles and Ants 2008 Jarkko Santaharju Sirkka-Liisa Helminen Rauno Yrjölä February 2009 POSIVA OY Olkiluoto FI-27160 EURAJOKI, FINLAND Tel +358-2-8372 31 Fax +358-2-8372 3709 Working Report 2009-18 Eurajoki Olkiluoto Study on Species of Ground Beetles and Ants 2008 Jarkko Santaharju Sirkka-Liisa Helminen Rauno Yrjölä Environmental Research Yrjölä Ltd February 2009 Base maps: ©National Land Survey, permission 41/MML/09 Working Reports contain information on work in progress or pending completion. The conclusions and viewpoints presented in the report are those of author(s) and do not necessarily coincide with those of Posiva. Eurajoki Olkiluoto study on species of ground beetles and ants 2008 ABSTRACT The species of ants and Ground beetles at Olkiluoto in Eurajoki were studied in the summer of 2008 during two trapping periods: in June and August. The research goal was to clarify the species on Olkiluoto island of the earlier mentioned groups, at least at the family level, and to collect samples for further examination by Posiva. The trapping areas were selected at Olkiluoto in Posiva test monitoring sectors, a part of the trapping areas was the same as the earlier study. Species of ants, depending on their particular species, are a very dominating group of insects. The ants are the most important predators, scavengers and soil movers in Fin- nish forests. It looks as if the biomass of ants may be more than 10% of the biomass of all animals in certain areas of Finnish forests.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ground Beetle Pterostichus Adstrictus Eschscholtz, 1823 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the Austrian Alps
    insects Article Relicts from Glacial Times: The Ground Beetle Pterostichus adstrictus Eschscholtz, 1823 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the Austrian Alps Wolfgang Paill 1,*, Stephan Koblmüller 2,* , Thomas Friess 3, Barbara-Amina Gereben-Krenn 4, Christian Mairhuber 5, Michael J. Raupach 6 and Lukas Zangl 1,2,3 1 Universalmuseum Joanneum, Studienzentrum Naturkunde, Weinzöttlstraße 16, 8045 Graz, Austria; [email protected] 2 Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria 3 Ökoteam—Institute for Animal Ecology and Landscape Planning, Bergmanngasse 22, 8010 Graz, Austria; [email protected] 4 Unit Integrative Zoology, Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Wien, Austria; [email protected] 5 Amt der Steiermärkischen Landesregierung, Abteilung 16, Baubezirksleitung Steirischer Zentralraum—Naturschutz, Bahnhofgürtel 77, 8020 Graz, Austria; [email protected] 6 Zoologische Staatssammlung München (SNSB-ZSM), Sektion Hemiptera, Münchhausenstraße 21, 81247 München, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (W.P.); [email protected] (S.K.) Simple Summary: The extant distribution of many plants and animals is the result of the dynamics of the last ice ages with their recurrent advances and retreats of the northern ice sheet and the glaciers in the mountains. The arctic-alpine distribution is a special case where a species occurs in the subarctic/arctic regions and locally restricted in the alpine mountain regions of central or Citation: Paill, W.; Koblmüller, S.; southeastern Europe. Among the ground beetles, several species display this type of distribution, Friess, T.; Gereben-Krenn, B.-A.; one of which is Pterostichus adstrictus.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Fact Sheet
    SPECIES FACT SHEET Common Name : Johnson’s Waterfall Carabid Beetle Scientific Name : Pterostichus johnsoni (Ulke 1889) Phylum: Mandibulata Class: Insecta Order: Coleoptera Family: Carabidae Subfamily: Harpalinae Subgenus: Orsonjohnsonus Conservation Status : Global Status: GNR Rounded Global Status: GNR - Not Yet Ranked National Status (United States): NNR State Statuses: Oregon (S2?), Washington (not ranked) (NatureServe 2008) Technical Description : Adult: Pterostichus is a large genus in the Carabidae (ground beetle) family. This species was originally described by Ulke (1889), as follows: Elongate, depressed, parallel, shining black with a feeble purplish luster; prothorax quadrate, longer than wide, feebly narrowed behind, sides margined in their entire length and feebly sinuate, front angles rounded at tip, base sinuate, hind angles rectangular, basal impressions long, deep and linear, outer ones very small. Elytra shining in the male, nearly opaque in the female, feebly rounded on the sides, sinuate near the tip and separately rounded; humeri rounded, striae very deep, impunctured, interstices rather costiform, 1st , 2 nd , 4 th , 6 th , and 8 th equal straight, 3 rd and 5 th broader and seven or eight times interrupted; the space between the 8 th and the margin is still a little broader and the interrupted 9 th costa forms about 15 or 16 tubercles. Prosternum narrowly margined between the coxae; posterior tarsi slender with the first and second joints grooved in their entire length. Abdomen smooth, shining, last ventral segment with a semicircular impression in both sexes, somewhat deeper in the male. Length: 16.5 to 17 mm (.65 to .67 in.). This species is distinguished by its peculiar sculpture of the elytra, which recalls somewhat that of P.
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera, Carabidae), Revealed by Fine-Scale Field Sampling and Detailed Morphological Comparisons
    insects Article Unexpected Species Identities and Interspecific Relationships in a Subterranean Beetle Lineage, the Pterostichus macrogenys Species Group (Coleoptera, Carabidae), Revealed by Fine-Scale Field Sampling and Detailed Morphological Comparisons Kôji Sasakawa 1,*, Yoshiji Mitsuduka 2 and Hirotarô Itô 3 1 Laboratory of Zoology, Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8522, Japan 2 2-18-24 Hanatate Yamagata-shi, Yamagata 990-0067, Japan; [email protected] 3 1-14-16 Awayama, Niigata-shi, Niigata 950-0843, Japan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] ZooBank: http://zoobank.org/2DDEE835-940D-4756-BEE9-ED34D951FCB3. Received: 21 October 2020; Accepted: 12 November 2020; Published: 14 November 2020 Simple Summary: Morphological and ecological features are highly specialized among subterranean insect species. Studies of such features reveal the vast diversity of insect taxa and can also provide insight into the general mechanisms associated with species diversity. The Pterostichus macrogenys species group is an endemic subterranean Japanese carabid beetle lineage that shows marked regional differentiation. However, to date, its diversity has not been fully elucidated, partly due to the difficulty of sample collection. We examined 103 specimens from this species group, which were collected by fine-scale field sampling, and classified these into one new and eight known species. The results of this study revealed that some of these species have disjunct distributions, which have not been reported in this species group. More importantly, some species of this group coexisted in some localities; in most such cases, two species with different body sizes coexisted, implying a role of differential body size in promoting coexistence.
    [Show full text]