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2009 to 2012 Annual Water Quality Report on the Laguna De Bay and Its Tributary Rivers

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2009 to 2012 Annual Water Quality Report on the Laguna De Bay and Its Tributary Rivers 2009 to 2012 Annual Water Quality Report on the Laguna de Bay and its Tributary Rivers Department Of Environment And Natural Resources LAGUNA LAKE DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Sugar Regulatory Administration (SRA) Compound, North Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City FOREWORD This report contains the water quality data on Laguna de Bay (LdB) and its tributary rivers generated by the Environmental Laboratory and Research Division (ELRD) of LLDA, formerly Environmental Quality Management Division (EQMD), from 2009 to 2012 for the LLDA’s Water Quality Monitoring Program which has been on-going since 1973. The results of the assessment of the lake and its tributary rivers’ water quality status during the 4-year monitoring period based on compliance to the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Class C Water Quality Criteria as prescribed under DENR Administrative Order (DAO) No.34, Series of 1990, are also presented. From 2009 to 2011, the five (5) stations monitored in Laguna de Bay were Station I (Central West Bay), Station II (East Bay), Station IV (Central Bay), Station V (Northern West Bay) and Station VIII (South Bay). By 2012, four (4) new monitoring stations were added, namely: Station XV (West Bay- San Pedro), Station XVI (West Bay- Sta Rosa), Station XVII (Central Bay- Fish Sanctuary) and Station XVIII (East Bay- Pagsanjan). For the monitoring of the Laguna de Bay’s tributaries, LLDA has a total of eighteen (18) stations in 2009 to 2010 that included Marikina, Bagumbayan, Mangangate, Tunasan (Downstream), San Pedro, Cabuyao, San Cristobal, San Juan, Bay, Sta. Cruz, Pagsanjan, Pangil (Downstream), Siniloan, Tanay (Downstream), Morong (Downstream) and Sapang Baho Rivers, Buli Creek, and Manggahan Floodway. To cover the twenty four (24) sub-basins in the Laguna de Bay Region, the monitoring stations in Baras River, Pililla River, Sta. Maria River-Downstream, Pila River, Molawin Creek in Los Baños, Sta. Rosa River-Downstream and Biñan River started in 2011. By 2012, nine (9) additional tributary river stations were monitored located in Mangangate River-Upstream, Tunasan River-Upstream, Sta. Rosa River-Midstream and Upstream, Pangil River-Upstream, Sta. Maria River-Upstream, Jala-jala River, Tanay River- Upstream and Morong River-Upstream. Thus, the number of the water quality monitoring stations at the tributary rivers of LdB in 2012 was thirty four (34). Throughout the 4-year monitoring period, the water sampling in all lake and tributary river stations was conducted once a month. The analyses of the collected water samples were in accordance with the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st Edition. 2005. APHA, AWWA, WEF. This report covers seventeen (17) physico-chemical parameters, three (3) biological parameters, two (2) micro-biological parameters and the results of the lake primary productivity studies. The biological analysis of the water samples in the tributary rivers for phytoplankton counts began only in 2011. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This water quality report on the Laguna de Bay and its tributaries for 2009 to 2012 was prepared by Ireneo G. Bongco (Sr. Science Research Specialist) and Joebeth S. Dalisay (Science Research Specialist II) of the LLDA - Environmental Laboratory and Research Division (ELRD) as part of the LLDA’s Water Quality Monitoring Program. The support of the following in the preparation and completion of this report is hereby acknowledged: 1. Jocelyn G. Sta. Ana – OIC, ELRD 2. Bileynnie P. Encarnacion – Head, Biology Section - ELRD 3. Dolorita Z. Ravanilla – Head, Chemistry Section – ELRD 4. Marilou D. Cebujano – Head, Microbiology Section – ELRD Special thanks are also extended to all the technical and support staff of ELRD. For Public Inquiries, please contact: Environmental Laboratory and Research Division Tel. No. 286-6143 Laguna Lake Development Authority Department of Environment and Natural Resources Club Manila East, Taytay, Rizal ii LAGUNA LAKE AND ITS TRIBUTARY RIVERS SAMPLING STATIONS iii LAGUNA LAKE PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY STUDY SAMPLING STATION iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Foreword i Acknowledgement ii Location Map of Laguna Lake and Its Tributary Rivers Sampling Stations iii Location Map of Laguna Lake Primary Productivity Study Sampling Stations iv Table of Contents v List of Tables vii List of Figures ix Introduction 1 Physico-chemical Parameters Alkalinity 2 Ammonia 6 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 10 Calcium Hardness 14 Chemical Oxygen Demand 18 Chloride 22 Dissolved Oxygen 26 Inorganic Phosphate 30 Nitrate 34 Oil and Grease 38 pH 42 Temperature 46 Total Dissolved Solids 50 v Page Total Hardness 54 Total Suspended Solids 58 Transparency 62 Turbidity 64 Biological Parameters Phytoplankton 68 Zooplankton 72 Benthos 74 Microbiological Parameters Total Coliform 76 Fecal Coliform 80 Net Primary Productivity of Laguna de Bay 84 Summary 86 Methods of Analysis 87 DENR Administrative Order No.34 88 References 90 vi LIST OF TABLES Laguna de Bay and Its Tributary Rivers Page Physico-chemical Parameters Alkalinity 2-3 Ammonia 6-7 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 10-11 Calcium Hardness 14-15 Chemical Oxygen Demand 18-19 Chloride 22-23 Dissolved Oxygen 26-27 Inorganic Phosphate 30-31 Nitrate 34-35 Oil and Grease 38-39 pH 42-43 Temperature 46-47 Total Dissolved Solids 50-51 Total Hardness 54-55 Total Suspended Solids 58-59 Transparency 62 Turbidity 64-65 Biological Parameters Phytoplankton 68-69 Zooplankton 72 Benthos 74 vii Page Microbiological Parameters Total Coliform 76-77 Fecal Coliform 80-81 Net Primary Productivity 84 viii LIST OF FIGURES Page 1. Location Map of Laguna de Bay and its Tributary Rivers Sampling Stations iii 2. Location Map of Laguna Lake Primary Productivity Study iv 3. Graphical Presentation Physico-chemical Parameters Alkalinity 2 & 4 Ammonia 6 & 8 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 10 & 12 Calcium Hardness 14 & 16 Chemical Oxygen Demand 18 & 20 Chloride 22 & 24 Dissolved Oxygen 26 & 28 Inorganic Phosphate 30 & 32 Nitrate 34 & 36 Oil and Grease 38 & 40 pH 42 & 44 Temperature 46 & 48 Total Dissolved Solids 50 & 52 Total Hardness 54 & 56 Total Suspended Solids 58 & 60 Transparency 62 Turbidity 64 & 66 ix Page Biological Parameters Phytoplankton 68 & 70 Zooplankton 72 Benthos 74 Microbiological Parameters Total Coliform 76 & 78 Fecal Coliform 80 & 82 Net Primary Productivity 84 x INTRODUCTION Laguna de Bay, with a total surface area of 900 square kilometres (km2), is the biggest lake and one of the most important inland bodies of water in the Philippines. This almost heart-shaped lake, located 13o55‘ to 14o50‘ N latitude and 20o50‘ to 121o45‘ E longitude at 15 kilometers (kms.) southeast of Manila, has three (3) distinct bays, namely: West Bay, Central Bay and East Bay. Its southernmost portion is called the South Bay. Although shallow with an average depth of only 2.5 meters, the lake‘s water holding capacity is estimated at 2.19 billion cubic meters (m3). The lake‘s watershed area of 3,820 square kilometers straddles the whole provinces of Rizal and Laguna, and some towns in Batangas, Cavite, Quezon and cities in Metro Manila. Twenty-one (21) major tributary river systems flow into the lake aside from other relatively small rivers and streams (Tongson, E. T. et al., 2012). The lake‘s only outlet is the Napindan Channel which is connected to Manila Bay via the Pasig River. Seawater backflow has been a natural phenomenon in the lake and it took place in some years in the past. This happens in the lake not every year but occasionally in summer months whenever the lake level is lower than in Manila Bay. As the Pasig River reverses its flow during the entry of saltwater due to the effect of tidal fluctuation in Manila Bay, the salinity of the water in the lake increases. As a multi use water resource, Laguna Bay is used as source of irrigation water, industrial cooling water, hydroelectric power generation, transport route, source of animal feed, a venue for recreation, source of fish supply and source of domestic water supply. The National Statistics Office (NSO) reported that as of 2007, the total population around the lake was about 14.4 million. To ensure the viability of this vital resource, support is needed from the various lake stakeholders and other parties interested in its sustainable use. Likewise, proper management of the lake and its watershed areas must be intensified and sustained for environmentally sound resources conservation. From 1975 to 1977, a study was jointly undertaken by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) which included benchmarking of important water parameters and environmental indicators through the conduct of a Comprehensive Water Quality Management Program of Laguna Bay. Realizing the usefulness of having available water quality information on Laguna de Bay and its tributary rivers, LLDA has continuously implemented its water quality monitoring program since the 1970‘s with the following objectives: 1) To accurately assess the suitability of the lake for all its present and intended beneficial uses, and 2) To evaluate the impacts of development activities on the lake‘s water quality that will serve as important criteria for environmental planning and management. 1 LAGUNA DE BAY Alkalinity, mg CaCO3/L A. Water Quality Data: Annual Averages Laguna de Bay Water Quality Monitoring Stations Monitoring Stations 2009 2010 2011 2012 Stn. I (Central West Bay) 97 101 82 97 Stn. II (East Bay) 87 91 72 84 Stn. IV (Central Bay) 96 102 84 93 Stn. V (Northern West Bay) 101 104 85 94 Stn. VIII (South Bay) 100 105 86 93 Stn. XV San Pedro (West Bay) * * * 91 Stn. XVI Sta Rosa (West Bay) * * * 89 Stn. XVII Fish Sanctuary (Central Bay) * * * 90 Stn. XVIII Pagsanjan (East Bay) * * * 79 Notes: * No data - not yet included in the LLDA's Water Quality Monitoring Program Sampling Depth - Stn. I - composite of 0.5 and 2.0 m. Stn. XV - composite of 0.5 and 2.0 m.
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