Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia, 2020; 7(3) 20-25 http://jurnal.farmasi.umi.ac.id/index.php/fitofarmakaindo/index Potency of Cinnamomum burmannii as Antioxidant and α Glucosidase Inhibitor and Their Relation to Trans- Cinamaldehyde and Coumarin Contents Djadjat Tisnadjaja1*, Herman Irawan1, Nurlaili Ekawati1, Bustanussalam1 and Partomuan Simanjuntak2 1Research Centre for Biotechnology – LIPI 2Research Centre for Chemistry – LIPI Article info Abstract History Cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp) is one of important export commodity for Submission: 28-05-2020 Indonesia. With annual production capacity about 103.594 tons, Indonesia Review: 30-05-2020 is one of main cinnamon’s exporter especially to United States. Recently the Accepted: 13-07-2020 utilization of cinnamon is developed, where not only use as spices but also use in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The development of *Email: cinnamon’s use of course might lead to the market growth. But on the other [email protected] side arise an issue about coumarin content, where Cinnamomum burmannii DOI: 10.33096/jffi.v7i3.639 issued to have higher content of this hepatotoxic compound than Cinnamomum verum or Cinnamomum zeylanicum. This research result Keywords: showed that, although coumarin content of Indonesian Cinnamomum Cinnamomum burmannii; burmannii is higher than Cinnamomum zeylanicum but the difference is not polyphenol; cinamaldehyde; too significant. C. burmannii collected from Gunung. Mas, West Java has coumarin; antioxidant coumarin content of 0.0030 % which is slightly higher than C. zeylanicum (0.0017 %). This research result also shown that antioxidant activity and α glucosidase inhibition activity is related to polyphenol and flavonoid content. I. Introduction of the results of the study mentioned that Cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp) is one of the Cinnamomum burmannii has a high coumarin oldest herbs that are widely used in the food, content (2.15 g / kg, Wang et al, 2013), Indonesian pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. The part cinnamon is slightly more difficult to enter that is widely used is the inner bark. In the United European market, which applies strict rules to limit States and European markets, two varieties of the tolerance of coumarin content. European Food cinnamon are known, namely Ceylon and Cassia Safety Authority (EFSA) provides a limit on (Blahova & Svobodova, 2012). Ceylon cinnamon is coumarin Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) or tolerance also known as "true cinnamon" and comes from of daily consumption of 0.1 mg / kg body weight Cinnamomum verum J.S. Presl. (synonym (Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Cinnamomum zeylanicum Nees) which is an 2008; Blahova & Svobodova, 2012) or if assumed indigenous plant of Sri Lanka and Southern India the average body weight is 70 kg, so the total daily (Paranagama et al, 2001). While Cassia cinnamon intake (TDI) tolerated is 7 mg coumarin per day. comes from several countries, one of which is With this EFSA rule, cinnamon from Sri Lanka Chinese cassia (Cinnamomum cassia Blume, (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) with much lower synonym Cinnamomum aromaticum Nees), coumarin content (0.017 g / kg, Wang et al, 2013) is cultivated mainly in Southern China, Burma more easily accepted by the European market. (Myanmar) and Vietnam. While Indonesian However, because Ceylon cinnamon is more cinnamon, which grows and is cultivated in expensive and has less strong aroma, for industrial Indonesia is Cinnamomum burmannii Blume, use with cinnamon as a scented material, cinnamon mainly originating from Sumatra (Chen et al, 2014). from Indonesia remains preferred, especially in the With an area of cinnamon plantation United States. Coumarin is a group of compounds (Cinnamomum burmannii) about 135,000 hectares containing the framework of 1.2 benzopyrone. This spread across 19 Provinces, where the largest area is compound is found in several plants, including many in West Sumatra and Jambi (80%), and the annual types of vegetables, herbs, fruits and medicinal production capacity of around 103,594 tons, plants. Generally, the content of this compound, in Indonesia is one of the main producers and exporters edible plants, is at a safe level for consumption of cinnamon in the world (Ferry, 2013). Since some (Wang et al, 2013). Copyright © 2020 Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia, vol. 7 no. 3, 2020 | 20 Tisnadjaja, Irawan, Ekawati, Bustanussalam, Simanjuntak: Potency of Cinnamomum burmannii Several other countries in Asia continue to II.4 Determination of trans-cinamaldehyde and improve the quality and quantity of cinnamon coumarin levels exports and become a competitor to Indonesia. Determination of trans-cinamaldehyde and These countries are: China, Vietnam and Sri Lanka. coumarin levels was carried out using Shimadzu With an average global cinnamon import LC-20 AD HPLC, with column C 18 (25 Cm), flow requirement of around 100,000 tons per year, the rate of 1 ml / min, the mobile phase of acetonitrile: emergence of other exporting countries will water (5: 1) and UV / Vis detectors for trans - automatically reduce the need for imports from cinamaldehyde with a wavelength of 283 nm, while Indonesia. The United States is the largest importer coumarin at a wavelength of 254 nm. followed by India, the United Arab Emirates, II.5 Determination of antioxidant activity Mexico, the Netherlands, Middle Eastern Countries, In vitro measurement of antioxidant Singapore, South Korea, Brazil and Japan. On the activity was carried out by neutralizing or reducing other hand, cinnamon bark which was originally free radicals using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2 only used as a spice and raw material for essential picrilhydrazyl). Measurement of free radical oils, later developed as a pharmaceutical raw reduction is carried out using spectrophotometry at material (herbal medicine), and cosmetics, a wavelength of 517 nm. (Yen and Duh, 1994). especially for perfume. The development demand of Cinnamon is related to the demand for preservative II.6 Determination of inhibitory activity against free cosmetics, which is aimed at reducing risk of α glucosidase allergies due to the utilization of synthetic In vitro antidiabetic activity testing was preservatives such as methyl parabens (Nabavi et al, carried out using the α-glucosidase enzyme 2015) With the development of the use of cinnamon, inhibitory method (Saijyo et. al, 2008). 1 mg of the the level of need will increase. This can be seen from α-glucosidase enzyme is dissolved in 1 mL the increase in exports by 9% and domestic demand phosphate buffer (pH 7). Then 12 µL of the enzyme increased by 81.08% (Ferry, 2013). solution was diluted in 30 mL phosphate buffer In connection with the competition in the before being used for testing. 250 μL 20 mM p- cinnamon bark trade, it is very necessary to study nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside, plus 475 µL 100 the diversity of cinnamon in Indonesia. The study mM phosphate buffer and 25 μL of sample solution was focused on some important parameters, those in 1% DMSO are mixed and homogenized. After are content of cinnamaldehyde, polyphenols, trans- homogeneous solution, incubated for 5 minutes at 37 cinnamaldehyde, and coumarin in Cinnamomum oC, then 25 μL of sample solution in 1% DMSO is burmannii and their relation to antioxsidan and α mixed and homogenized. 250 l of α-glucosidase glucosidase inhibition activities of ethanol extracts solution was added, incubation was continued for 25 of cinnamon bark taken from some difference minutes. The reaction was stopped by adding 1 mL regions. Cinnamomum burmannii bark used is taken of 0.2 M Na2CO3. The remaining amount of p- from five different regions in Indonesia, namely nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside was measured at a Aceh, Bau-bau, Berastagi, Jambi, and Gunung Mas, wavelength of 400 nm. The percentage of inhibition West Java. is calculated by the equation: II. Research Method II.1 Materials % Inhibition = (C-S)/C X 100 (1) Cinnamomum burmannii bark is taken Where C = control – blank; S = S1 - S0 from several regions, namely Aceh, Berastagi Control shows absorbance with the (North Sumatra), Jambi, Bau-Bau (Southeast addition of enzymes without samples, Blank shows Sulawesi), Gunung (Gn) Mas, Puncak, Kab. Bogor absorption without the addition of enzymes and (West Java). samples, S1 shows absorbance with the addition of II.2 Extraction samples and enzymes, S0 shows absorbance by Extraction was carried out by maceration adding samples without enzymes. The IC50 method using 96% ethanol solvent. Weighed a total (Inhibition Concentration 50) value is an of 100 grams of cinnamon bark from each region antidiabetic concentration (ppm) which can inhibit then put it in a glass container and then added 96% 50% of the α-glucosidase enzyme. IC50 value is ethanol solvent. The immersion is allowed to stand obtained from the intersection of the line between for 24 hours, while stirring at each specified time 50% resistance to the concentration axis, then interval, then filtered. Repeat three times, or until the entered into the equation Y = a + bX where, Y = 50 extracted liquid looks clear. and the X value indicates IC50. II.3 Analysis of Polyphenols III. Result and Discussion III.1 Extraction Analysis of total polyphenol content was performed using the Folin-Ciocalteu The yield of contraction varies with a fairly Spectrophotometry method (Singleton et al, 1965). wide range. Extraction results