Ancient

Central Question… art Pharaoh laws

Spirit Ba/ka

politics nature ethics

 THE NILE was considered the SOUL as it was the source of life and path to

lived on Eastern side but buried on Western side

 River was symbol of passage of one life to next (eternity)

 Yearly flooding – essential for agriculture

 Creation story began in swirling waters of the Nile when god gave power to Pharaohs

Click here for Creation Story Egyptian Deities

 What did the (gods and ) resemble? Why?  Why have so many gods and goddesses?  The deities married, had families and children- why? O-D-H Activity

What do you observe?

What do you deduce?

What do you hypothesize? Egyptian God-  God of Wisdom, Time, Writing  Represented by a male body with the head of an Ibis.  Ibis=stork like bird with long legs and beak to catch fish in mud  Ibis, symbolized wisdom because beak shaped like a pen and dips in the mud as if it was ink O-D-H Activity

What do you observe?

What do you deduce?

What do you hypothesize? Egyptian God-

• God of Vegetation and • Represented by a male body with a greenish complexion and usually depicted wrapped in white linen • The greenish complexion draws the connection with vegetation Notice: Osiris’ legs • Wrapped in white linen like a are bound together mummy to connect with the like a mummy underworld different from most Gods : Ma’at

 Ma’at- represented truth, righteousness and justice GUIDING QUESTIONS  How would the concept of ma’at create balance and order in Egypt?  How would ma’at affect everyone (from the Pharaoh to the people)?  What is the connection of ma’at to life and the afterlife? Egyptian Theocracy

 A theocracy is a form of government in which the government (in ancient Egyptian case- the Pharaoh) claims to rule on behalf of a god or deities

 Think aloud: -Why would a king promote the belief that he had the support of the gods? -How would theocracy create the idea of “divine kingship”? -How would the concept of ‘divine kingship’ affect the status of the pharaoh? How did Pharaoh's rule? • absolute rulers of the land • believed to be the earthly embodiment of the god Horus who was the son of Amon-Re. Therefore they had the divine right to rule • This allowed the Pharaoh to move between god and their people (hourglass analogy) • People followed their orders because they believed they were from god = cult like status in life and in death • No one would challenge the King’s authority and he could rule in relative peace Fun Fact…

-The throne passed on to eldest son of Principal Queen who was usual the eldest daughter of the previous king therefore the king’s ______What do you observe?

What do you deduce?

What do you hypothesize?

Afterlife: How is death is a new beginning?

• mummification = significance and connection to nature •Monuments = significance of stone

•Items in tomb = significance Education

 All children, regardless of social class, received some education  Followed a moral and ethical guide “Instructions in Wisdom”  Goal for education was to ensure youth exhibited self control and good manners  Education respected for creating a well rounded individual Egyptian Art: “Funerary Scene”

 Ka (soul /spiritual duplicate)

 ba (personality)

 akh (form mummy took in afterlife)

(the key of life)

, Ma’at, Ammit, Thoth, Horus, Osiris BIG IDEA… deities art Pharaoh laws

Spirit Ba/ka afterlife

politics nature ethics