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AUTHOR Blount, R. Howard, Jr. TITLE Language Arts Lingo: Glossaries and Flashcards for 200+ Terms. REPORT NO ISBN-1-56417-665-7 PUB DATE 97 NOTE 253p.; Flashcards are printed on colored paper. Published by Good Apple, Division of Simon & Schuster, 299 Jefferson Road, P.O. Box 480, Parsippany, NJ 07054-0480. AVAILABLE FROM Frank Schaffer Publications, 23740 Hawthorne Blvd., Torrance, CA 90505. PUB TYPE Books (010) Guides Classroom Use Teaching Guides (For Teacher)(052) Guides Classroom Use Instructional Materials (For Learner) (051)

EDRS PRICE MF01/PC11 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Classroom Techniques; Definitions; Educational Games; Fiction; Figurative Language; *Glossaries; Intermediate Grades; Junior High Schools; *Language Arts; Learning Strategies; *Literary Genres; *Literature Appreciation; Middle Schools; Nonfiction; +Resource Materials IDENTIFIERS *Flash Cards

ABSTRACT Intended for teachers of grades 4-8, this book provides tools and resources to help students fall in love with literature. The book contains reproducible glossaries containing over 200 literary, genre, book content, and book construction terms, along with removable flashcards, to make reviewing language arts essentials easy, enjoyable, and fun. The book provides game suggestionssuch as tic-tac-toe and "Jeopardy." The book's literary terms glossary and flashcards include figurative language, creative devices, story parts, skills, and similar expressions related to poetry and prose. The Genre glossary and flashcards cover both content (poetry and prose) and form (fiction and nonfiction). The Book Terminology glossary and flashcards cover book content and construction, with terms ranging in difficulty from simple to advanced. The book's instructions suggest that definitions and examples can be modified by using titles and excerpts students will recognize and that unfamiliar listed examples can be used as springboards to introduce and seek out new titles or pieces.(CR)

*********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. *********************************************************************** GA 1575 GOOD

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Glossaries and Flashcards for 200+ Terms

by R. Howard Blount, Jr.

Good Apple Dedication.

For my fellow scholars and students,

those present and those yet to come .

Psalm 11 9: 1 30 2 Timothy 3: 1 5

Editor: Donna. Garzinsky Good Apple An Imprint of Modern Curriculum A Division of Simon & Schuster 299Jefferson Road, P 0.Box 480 Parsippany, NJ07054-0480

1997 byGood Apple. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in anyform by photographic, electronic, mechanical, or any other method, for any use, including information storage and retrieval, without written permission from the publisher. Student glossary pages excepted. ISBN: 1-56417-665-7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 PAT 01 00 99 98 97 ONTEN

Introduction Using Literary Glossaries and Flashcards 4 Literary Flashcard Games 6

Part 1 Glossaries 8 A. Literary Terms 8 B. Genre 13 C. Book Terminology 19 Sources 22

Part Flashcards 23 A. Literary Terms 23 B. Genre 69 C. Book Terminology 117

illustrcito*4 back matteti DixfiCT[ON Using Literary Glossaries and flackarcic

Dear Colleagues, In my literature-based sixth-grade classroom, my ultimate goal is to convert my average students into junior literary snobs, or at least to encourage them to fall deeply in love with reading and writing. Students delve into the rich world of literature, including the study of literary terms, genre, and book terminology.

To accomplish this, I've developed the following set of literary glossaries and flashcards for student use. The three reproducible glossaries contained in Language Arts Lingo become a permanent reference in my students' folders. Students mark selected glossary entries with a highlighter pen for easy focus and referral. To help students review the glossaries' content, I put the terms on homemade flashcards. The flashcards included in this book are designed to be removed and separated along the perforations. You may wish to laminate them. My students invented games to play and even asked to use the cards for study. They internalized and increased their retention of the material dramatically. They even trounced "gifted"

0 classes in the school Library Jeopardy tournament! Because the flashcards have been so beneficial in my classroom, I believe they will be equally effective for other language arts teachers as well.

The glossaries and flashcards are each divided into three domains: Literary Terms, Genre, and Book Terminology. A single term is printed on the front side of each flashcard. On the reverse side are the term's definition and, where possible, authentic examples from literature. Each card is labeled for its domain, for example, LT1 is Literary Terms #1, G2Genre terms #2, and BT5Book Terms #5.

6 4 The Literary Terms glossary and flashcards include figurative language, creative devices, story parts, skills, and similar expressions related to poetry and prose. The Genre glossary and flashcards cover both content (poetry and prose) and form (fiction and nonfiction). The Book Terminology glossary and flashcards cover book content and construction. The terms range in difficulty from simple to advanced. You will be the one best able to determine the terms most appropriate for your class.

Feel free to modify definitions and examples by using titles and excerpts your students will recognize. Use any unfamiliar listed examples as springboards to introduce and seek out new titles or pieces. Examples that include blank spaces in the titles indicate where the key term is part of the title. In these cases, simply say the word blank instead.

It is my hope that these glossaries and flashcards will enhance the instruction, review, and retention of literary terms in your classroom and in the process increase student understanding of the literature that so enriches our lives. If you find this resource to be valuable and have a success story to share, I would enjoy hearing from you. Feedback of any kind is always welcome. Please send all correspondence with a SASE.

Literarily yours, R. Howard Blount, Jr. 603 W. Dixie St. Plant City FL 33566 (813) 752-4131 illustratofrch%lter CAFOWORD 4bacmatte'

BEST COPYMAU LE. 5 7 literary flackarci CaneC

The three main ways to give clues Creativeelm-lar or ask questions with literary flashcards &o_reirre-e?Ing Variations are by term, definition, or example. If Instead of keeping score by tally you call out a term, the contestants marks, try the following variations. provide either an acceptable definition Play tic-tac-toe by drawing a large 3 or example. If you call out a definition x 3 matrix (grid with 3 columns and or an example, the players provide 3 rows) on the chalkboard. Correct the correct term. Variations of these responses allow opposing teams to methods are only limited by your place an X or 0 on the board. Each creativity. Following are several "three-in-a-row" wins a point. No games and variations that work point is awarded for a "cat" (when well with literary flashcards. neither team is able to complete three in a row). Try more exciting games with a 4 x 4 or 5 x 5 matrix. Organize teams of three to five Draw a "literary football field" on the players each. Call out a question or chalkboard or markerboard. Use clue to each team sequentially. Team small magnets for players. Each members have 15 seconds to determine correct response allows the teams to their response, then the captain must advance their magnetic players ten give the answer. Award one point (tally yards up the field. The first team to mark) for each correct response. For reach the opposing goal line wins. incorrect responses, the next team gets Draw a "literary baseball diamond" a chance to steal a point by providing on the chalkboard or markerboard. a correct response. If they answer Use small magnets for players. Each correctly, award the point. If the correct response allows a team to response is incorrect, provide the advance its magnetic players one answer. Proceed by calling out the base around the diamond. The team next question or clue for the same that scores the most runs wins. For team. Continue play, making sure variation, play with single, double, that all teams receive the sameii triple, and home-run questions. number of turns. Play 20 questions. The team to first the answer. Play continues with the collect 20 points is the winner. same team selecting a category and If you regularly play with the same value. teams, try keeping a running score When all categories have been on a wall chart. exhausted, the host states the "final Jeopardy" answer category. Contestants Literati' rar y wager based on their total scores and Design a Jeopardy game panel on a write the amount on a sheet of paper. standard or tall science project board. When the answer is read, the players Add three columns labeled Literary write their responses below the wager Terms, Genre, and Book Terminology. and submit the papers to the host. Glue five library-card pockets vertically When the responses have been read, under each heading, assigning them final scores are tallied, and the point values 100 through 500. Select winner(s) are declared. (Thanks, Carol!) flashcards from the appropriate domains and place them in the pockets CardCO LkeCeir according to degree of difficulty, with The object of card collecting is for 100 being the easiest and 500 the most contestants to collect as many difficult. Identify two "daily doubles" if flashcards as possible. One version is so desired. Contestants may compete as played with a host and a small group two individuals or two teams. (up to three players). When the host delivers a question or clue, the The game begins with one team contestants shout out their responses. selecting an answer category and The host determines the contestant value. The host reads the definition who first gave the correct response and from the flashcard, and the player or awards the flashcard to that player. If team must provide the term in question no correct response is given, the host format (for example, What is simile?). provides the answer, and the card is If the response is correct, the assigned placed at the bottom of the stack. The points are awarded. If the response is game continues until all of the incorrect, the opposing team gets to preselected cards have been distributed. steal. (Daily double answers may not be Contestants then count their cards. The stolen.) If their answer is correct, the player with the most cards is declared assigned points are awarded. If the the winner. response is incorrect, the host provides

7 ,,1* 1 aphorism a brief statement Gfoccari@c expressing a general truth archetype a universally recognized setting, character, symbol, theme, iterary Termc or image that regularly appears in literature acronyma new word created from the first letters of a bibliophilea person who loves books; a "biblioholic" series of words a person allegorya literary piece that bibliophobe who hates or fears books disguises a deeper meaning within the story characterization the alliterationthe repetition of description of the internal the same initial sounds in a attributes of story characters series of words charactera person or animal around whose allusion a passing reference actions a story revolves to a historical or literary person, place, event, or work that is not main character the explained in the piece central story personage

analogythe explanation of secondary character an an idea by means of a figurative, essential supporting story more familiar parallel idea personage

annotationa brief clichéa highly overused description or summary word or expression accompanying a bibliographic listing cliffhanger a device of suspense that leaves the antagonistthe most reader wanting to read on prominent character who opposes the protagonist; the climaxthe turning point villain of the plot or story action, usually characterized by great intensity I 8 10 clipped wordswords that have excerpt a selection excised been shortened through common from an original piece and used usage in an alternate setting conflictthe primary battle or falling action the plot events problem faced by the protagonist, immediately following the climax that lead to the resolution; denouement internal conflict the struggle within a character figurative languagecreative language Or figures of speech used external conflictthe in poetry and prose character's struggle:with an outside force flashback recalling previous events at a latter point within a story; connotation a word's suggested analepsis variation or shade of meaning foreshadowing literary clues that cyclical story a story that ends allude to future story events where it began genretraditionally the five major denotationthe dictionary classifications of literaturedrama, meaning of a word poetry, fiction, nonfiction, and essay; commonly referred to as any dialecta distinctive form of a particular type of published writing language spoken by members of an characterized by form or content identifiable regional, national, or social group hero or heroinea story character who exhibits remarkable strength or dialoguethe exact words courage spoken by story characters; conversation hyperbolethe use of obvious excessive exaggeration epitheta word or phrase used to capture a person's most idioma common saying unique outstanding characteristic to a group of people that has a meaning apart from its literal eponyma word whose origin is translation; idiomatic expression a person's name imagerydescriptive language that euphemismverbiage that puts a evokes mental impressions of the five positive, respectful slant on a senses negative subject

9 introductionthe beginning of meter a systematic pattern and a plot sequence that acquaints the measure of rhythm used in poetry reader with characters and setting metonymyreplacing the name irony the contrast between the of one thing with the name of way something appears to be and another closely associated thing what it actually is moodthe general feeling jargonconversational language evoked in a reader through the unique to a group, trade, or author's use of words profession moral I a lesson or principle kenninga brief metaphor or intentionally communicated stock phrase used in place of a through the form of a story more familiar term motivation a story character's linear storya story that begins reason for exhibiting a particular at one point and ends at a distant behavior point narrativeany form of writing literary licensethe author's that tells a story right to break the rules of standard spelling, grammar, and narrator the person telling the punctuation for the sake of story, usually a character or the creativity author

literaturecreative writing of onomatopoeia the use of universally recognized artistic value words that imitate sounds

malapropismthe misuse of oxymoronthe combined use words characterized by confusion of terms that seem to be with similar terms contradictory

meiosis a form of pacethe rate at which a story understatement whereby moves along, defined by the something is referred to in less- tension between descriptive than-accurate terms passages and action sequences

metaphora comparison palindromea word or phrase between two distinct objects that that reads the same both forward does not use the words like or as and backward 10 12 paradox a statement or third person limited the situation whereby two opposing narrator tells the story from one conditions exist simultaneously character's perspective parodythe imitation of an portmanteau wordswords author's style or literary work, most with dual meanings that have been commonly for amusement blended through common usage personificationattributing protagonist the main character human characteristics to nonhuman in a story; the hero or heroine objects puna play on words involving plagiarism passing off the two similar-sounding words that writings of another person as one's have distinctive meanings own purposethe author's reason for plot the sequence of story events writing a literary piece, most commonly to entertain, inform, poetic justicea deserved persuade, or describe happy ending for heroes and a sad fate for villains quote or quotation a reference to the exact words poetic licensethe poet's spoken by another well-known freedom to depart from person or used in a recognized conventional poetic devices literary work point of view the perspective redundancy the unnecessary from which a story is told sequential use of two or more words with identical or similar first personthe story told meanings; overblown phrasing from the author's or one character's perspective, repetitionthe effective use of characterized by use of the recurrent words, phrases, incidents, pronouns I, me, my, themes, images, or symbols in a we, us, and our literary piece third person omniscient the resolutionthe final plot narrator tells the story from the component immediately following perspective of more than one the falling action; the outcome of a character story

1 0 rhyme in poetry the repetitive stanzaa division within a use of words or ending syllables poem, consisting of a number of that share the same sound related lines

rhyme scheme a standard stylean author's unique way of rhyming pattern writingcreative or recognizable uses of theme, diction, syntax, rhythm a poetic beat using imagery, rhythm, or figurative light and heavy stress patterns; the language harmonious pattern of syllables in prose subplot a minor related story within the dominant plot rising action the plot events that lead to the climax; surprise ending an complication unexpected conclusion to a story, often marked by satisfaction or satire humorous mockery of disappointment the folly, vice, or stupidity of deserving individuals or institutions suspensethe feelings of in hope of effecting reform excitement, anxiety, and anticipation radiating from a story scene in drama, the subdivision that motivate the reader to of a play or an act; one event in a read on story symbolism the use of images sequence of events the in literature that represent other standard plot flowintroduction, entities or meanings rising action, climax, falling action, resolution synecdoche referring to a whole by one of its parts or a settingthe time and place in more comprehensive whole which a story takes place themethe author's message or similea comparison between the main idea of a story two distinct objects using the words like or as tone manner of expression revealing author's attitude toward slangnonstandard colorful subject matter or reader sayings or terms; irreverent street language 14 12 Genre

adventurea literary work with chapbook a cheaply elements of risk, action, and produced pamphlet sold by suspense peddlers from the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries; ABC poemunrhymed verse of a small, often self-published, up to 26 lines, each word paperback book of poetry beginning sequentially with the letters of the alphabet cinquainan unrhymed 5-line poem dividing 22 syllables almanac a reference book into a 2-4-6-8-2 pattern published annually that contains updated statistics, lists, tables, and classic a definitive literary work .charts of information from many that has been widely read and fields recognized for many years

anecdote a brief interesting or clerihewa humorous 4-line humorous story rhymed poem based on a person's name anthologya collection of literary pieces, such as poems, comedya humorous play or essays, short stories, or plays, literary work contained in one volume comic stripa humorous atlas a reference book of maps, vignette illustrated with geographic tables, and charts multipaneled scenes, caricatures, and ballooned dialogue autobiographythe story of a person's life written by that person companion titlea literary piece that stands alone but is ballada narrative poem or folk related in character or setting to song with simple stanzas and a another work recurring refrain

biographythe story of a person's life

centoa rhymed aabbcc "patchwork" poem consisting of

lines borrowed from various Pio .illustratOra,c apter5°111 AFTIRWORD itter existing poems bact%

13 concrete poem verse encyclopedia a arranged visually or shaped to comprehensive reference book represent its theme containing articles on a wide variety of topics contemporary fiction a literary work with no epica long narrative work of distinguishable regional or poetry, prose, or drama that periodic attachments that ceremoniously recounts the deeds technically could occur anywhere of a legendary hero in modern times epigrama concise, clever coupleta 2-lined rhyming poem that expresses a single stanza or poem observation diamantea form of unrhymed epitapha short poem, often poetry that physically resembles a engraved on a tombstone, that diamond; related to cinquain memorializes someone who has died diarya daily written record of one's personal experiences essaya short, formal or informal, written discussion of a dictionary a reference book subject; composition for finding meanings, pronunciations, and other eulogy a spoken or written information related to words tribute praising someone who has died dramaa literary work designed for public performance by actors fable a short story with a moral; commonly uses animal dramatic poema narrative characters with human play written in verse form, characteristics involving two or more voices fairy talea story involving elegya poem lamenting a legendary royalty, commoners, death and magical characters; often begins with Once upon a time...and ends with... they lived happily ever after.

16 fantasya fictional work historical fictionan untrue marked by supernatural or story set in an authentic period magical characters and events from the past and characterized that could not happen in real by events that could have life happened

high fantasy set within a horrora literary work created world marked by elements of extreme suspense told in shocking, low fantasy set within gruesome detail; a thriller the real world humora funny literary work fictiona literary work created by the author's informational book imagination; an untrue story nonfiction title that provides extensive data on a particular folklorethe traditional oral topic culture of a people: its beliefs, practices, myths, folk tales, interactive fiction a story legends, fables, fairy tales, that allows the reader to parables, and tall tales determine the direction the narrative will take folk talea magical story that is unique to a cultural group journala written record of and that has been modified by experiences, reflections, and years of oral retellings prior to perceptions that is appended being put into print on a regular basis free verse poetry that journalism written pieces follows no standard pattern of that deal with news items and rhythm or rhyme that are published in periodicals or reported through the media gruea short, simple, gruesome rhyming poem legendan unverified story passed down orally from haikua 3-line, 17-syllable generation to generation poetic form of Japanese origin that describes a single natural image in a 5-7-5 syllabic pattern

BEST COPY AVAILAJBLE, 15 17 TSi letterany formal or informal nonfictionany true written written communication from one work person to another nonsensean amusing poem light versean amusing form of characterized by uses of verse having no serious purpose nonexistent terms and illogical ideas limericka humorous 5-line poem in which the first, second, novela book-length work of and fifth lines rhyme and contain 3 fictional prose with a complex stresses, while the third and fourth extended plot lines rhyme and contain 2 stresses novelettea cheaply produced, lyric poema form of melodious sensational short novel; pulp fiction verse; hymn, ode, psalm, ballad, sonnet, elegy novellaa fictional work of intermediate length and complexity memoiran autobiographical that place it between a short story account concerning a period in and a novel; a short novel one's life nursery rhyme traditional modern classica newly. rhythmic rhyming verse for young published literary work that has children gained considerable attention and has been widely read in recent ode a lengthy, formal lyric poem years with a serious tone

mysterya literary work parablean allegorical story that featuring a plot that revolves illustrates a religious lesson or moral around an unsolved crime parallel poemverse in which myth an ancient story of gods, each line begins or ends with the goddesses, and superhuman same word or phrase heroes that explains events from a pastoral poemverse about cultural standpoint country life, especially related to narrative poema poem that shepherding; idyll tells a story

16 periodicala regularly issued realistic fiction a created news publication; newspaper, literary piece involving elements magazine, bulletin that could actually occur in life

playa drama acted out reference books volumes onstage containing extensive information within a specific area; dictionary, poetrycreative writing thesaurus, encyclopedia, almanac, characterized by formal patterns of atlas verse, thought and emotion, lines and stanzas, rhythm and rhyme romancea literary work featuring a plot that revolves prequela companion literary around a love affair piece, complete in itself, that gives an account of events prior to the science fiction a futuristic narrative of an earlier work work of literary fantasy characterized by time and space propagandainformation or travel, nonexistent technology, ideas distributed by commercial alien creatures, and other advertisers or the promoters of a improbable scientific events political belief or cause; persuasive techniques include scriptthe written version of a bandwagoning, glittering play or motion picture generality, red herring, transfer, snob appeal, testimonial, prestige sequela companion literary identification, card stacking, plain piece, complete in itself, that folks, exigency, name calling, flag continues the narrative of an waving, innuendo earlier work

prosewriting characterized by serial a collection of stories sentences and paragraphs; any published in sequential type of writing that is not poetry installments that feature the same characters, setting, or theme proverba short, widely used saying that expresses a general truth

1' quatraina 4-line rhyming stanza or poem

0 13 sermona religious terceta 3-line rhymed discourse offering words of stanza or poem; a triplet encouragement and correction textbooka book adopted short storya brief work of by schools for the formal study fiction that can be read in one of an academic subject area sitting thesaurus a reference book soliloquya dramatic used for finding synonyms and monologue given by a lone antonyms of words character tragedya serious play or sonneta 14-line rhyming literary work with an unhappy lyric poem with lines of equal or disastrous ending length that follows one of several conventional rhyme trilogya collection of three schemes related literary works

tabloid a highly illustrated, western a literary work half-size newspaper featuring with a plot that revolves sensational stories and general around frontier life in the gossip American West

tall talea humorous, highly exaggerated story detailing the impossible feats of a folk character

tanka a 5-line, 31-syllable poetic form of Japanese origin in a 5-7-5-7-7 syllabic pattern; related to haiku

18 20 goof T.rnincivGlossary

Book:Content--Terms "original works of authorship," including literature, drama, music, acknowledgmentsa word of and other genres. The owner of appreciation to individuals or the copyright has the exclusive groups who provided significant right to do or authorize others to assistance in the creation of a book do such things as reproduce the work, distribute the work, or afterword a word from the perform the work. author immediately following the text or narrative; author's note copyright date the ca year a book is published ettei. anonymous a term used when the author is unknown or wishes dedication statement to remain unknown identifying an individual or group an author wishes to appendix a supplement to a remember book, usually included in the back matter designera graphic artist who creates the overall appearance of a authorthe writer of a book book, including selection of paper, colors, fonts, and images back matter book parts located behind the main text of edition linea line on the the book; appendix, glossary, copyright page that indicates the sources, bibliography, index book's order of printing. This line indicates a first edition: 10 9 8 7 6 bibliography list of sources or 5 4 3 2 1 titles used or recommended by an author editor a publisher's representative who acquires and bio a short biography of an prepares manuscripts from authors author or illustrator for publication

chapter a major subdivision of epigraph a quotation usually a book from a speech, poem, or scripture placed at the front of a book that .2_ copyright a form of protection is indicative of the book's theme 8 provided by U.S. law to authors of

0 i° mustibtoo,-c.altg matte' 19 P'FrERW9.RP-back 01 epiloguea summarizing or permissions a list of statements concluding passage at the end of a giving permission to use excerpts story; a passage that tells what from other copyrighted works happened after the story prefacea brief note from an folio a page number author

foreword an introductory word prologuean introductory or from the author or guest writer opening passage at the beginning of a story; a passage that tells what front matter the book parts happened prior to the story located before the main text of the book; half title, ad card, pseudonym an assumed name frontispiece, title page, copyright some writers use for publishing page, dedication, purposes; a pen name acknowledgments, table of contents, epigraph, preface, public domain literary works no foreword, introduction longer protected by copyright laws

glossary an alphabetical listing publishera company that prints of book-related terms and and distributes books definitions sources a bibliography of illustrator the book's artist published matter used as research for a book indexan alphabetical listing of important words and the page summary a brief description of numbers where they are used in the book, located on the front flap the text of the dustjacket, on the back cover, or on the copyright page; a synopsis introduction a fairly long note from the author or another person table of contents a list of that provides important background chapter titles and page numbers information for the book teasera brief phrase on the book ISBN International Standard Book cover designed to make you want to Number; the universal order read the book number title the name of a book

20 vii

Bi0101 uction Terms binding the sewn, stapled, or frontispiece a book-related map glued edge of a book or illustration blanks surplus pages at the gutter the inside margins of two back of a book facing pages . blind stamping designs and half titlea page listing only the letters embossed or impressed on book's title hardcover book bindings without color or gilding hardcovera book with a rigid binding and cover bookplate a label pasted inside a book's front cover that names the leafone sheet of paper; two owner; ex libris pages casea hard or soft book cover pageone side of a leaf copyright pagethe verso of paperbacka book with a soft the title page, containing the cover; also called a softcover copyright date, a rights statement, the full address of the publisher, an rectothe front side of a leaf; a edition line, the Library of Congress right-hand page Cataloging in Publication (CIP) spinethe folded and bound notice, and ISBN edge of a book; backstrip dust jacket a paper book cover title page the page listing the used with most hardcover books book's title, author, illustrator, endpapers heavy sheets of publisher, and place of publication paper glued to connect the front verso the back side of a leaf; a and back of a book to its cover left-hand page errata slipa loose or pasted slip of printed paper inserted in a book to indicate and correct errors discovered after printing

21 23 6ollreeC

Baldick, Chris. The Concise Oxford Lipson, Greta Barclay and Jane A. Dictionary of Literary Terms. Romatowski. Calliope: A Oxford University Press, 1990. Handbook of 47 Poetic Forms and Figures of Speech. Good Barnet, Sylvan and Morton Berman Apple, 1981. and William Burto. A Dictionary of Literary Terms. Little, Brown, 1960. Oliver, Mary. A Poetry Handbook. Harcourt Brace, 1994. Benet's Reader's Encyclopedia (Third Edition). HarperCollins, 1987. Packard, William. The Poet's Dictionary: A Handbook of Cuddon, J. A. A Dictionary of Prosody and Poetic Devices. Literary Terms. Penguin, 1979. Harper & Row, 1989.

Deutsch, Babette. Poetry Polking, Kirk ed. Writing A to Z. Handbook: A Dictionary of Writer's Digest Books, 1990. Terms. Funk & Wagnalls, 1957, 1962. Preminger, Alex ed. Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Drury, John. The Poetry Poetics. Princeton University Press, Dictionary. Story Press, 1995. 1965.

Fry Edward Bernard and Jacqueline Reaske, Christopher Russell. How to E. Kress and Dona Lee Fountoukidis. Analyze Poetry. Monarch Press, The Reading Teacher's Book of 1966. Lists (Third Edition). Prentice Hall, 1993. Snodgrass, Mary Ellen ed. The Great American English Handbook. Henry, Laurie. The Fiction Perma-Bound, 1988. Dictionary. Story Press, 1995. Strouf, Judie. The Literature Hirsch, Linda Longo ed. Teacher Teacher's Book of Lists. The Center Tested Reading Tips. Troll for Applied Research in Education, Associates, 1992. 1993.

Kehow, Michael. A Book Takes Thrall, William Flint and Addison Root: The Making of a Picture Hibbard and C. Hugh Holman. Book. Carolrhoda Books, 1993. A Handbook to Literature. The Odyssey Press, 1960.

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1 lettersacronym of a series of words a new word created from the first LT I allegorymeaning within the story a literary piece that disguises a deeper LT2 djscubaExamples discself-contained jockey underwater breathing apparatus theLewisInExample The great suggests Lion, lionhas the in Witch, anotherhis writings and name. the that Wardrobe,When his central questioned bycharacterAslan, C. S. by Lewis, a little snafuradarlaser situationradiolight amplification detecting normal and all by fouledranging stimulated up emission of radiation wantgirlsomeonewaswho in the(1) youTexas, ArrivedSon toelse's guess. ofLewis the fault Greatreplied,sameHas to be there Emperortime jeered"As neveras to FatheratAsian's (3) andbeen Gave Christmaskilled other anyone himself by name, in (2) up well, Said I he wicked people this world for Land.Lindskoog,Don't(4) Came youEerdmans, toreally lifeKathryn. again know 1973. (5) HisThe Is name sometimesLion inof this Judah spoken world?" in Never-Neverof as a Lamb? alliteration the repetition of the same initial sounds LT3 person,allusion place, event, or work that is not explained a passing reference to a historical or literary in the LT4 wanderedMissExamplesin a series Sook ofthroughwas words ruminating a maze onas thesemelancholy matters as while the wet my twilight.mind InExamplespiece Maya Angelou's 1992 inaugural poem for President Clinton, Capote,House, Truman.1967. The Thanksgiving Visitor. Random spiritualsRock,entitled the "On River,"No the Hiding the Pulse Tree Place of . the Down Morning," Here," Angelou "Deep River," mentions "Down 'The by . ." referring to the African American Wallace,Silver1984. stars Bill. spun Trapped before his in eyes.Death Cave. Holiday House, Antonyfive-partAmongtheConfessions, Riverside," the andpoem, vast Cleopatra, and'The numberand "I Waste Buddha'sShall ofParadise Land,"Notsymbols BeFire are Moved."Lost, employedSermon. references St. Augustine's by to T. Ecclesiastes S. Eliot in his XII, 2' 28 7" .1 a

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SimonWebster's & Schuster New Inc.,World 1992. Dictionary for Young Adults. Houston,againthe". Creekto make Gloria. are a dyin'fool Littlejim. of in . hisself.a war Philomel, and Do all.you .My 1990.mind son what darsn't IIt say?" ain't disobey fittin' meto be frolicking when our men from right here on dialogueExampleconversation the exact words spoken by story characters; LT23 Examplesmostepithet outstanding characteristic a word or phrase used to capture a person's LT24 "Miss"Yes, Franklin."GomezGomez, my parents aren't here." . . . AbrahamEthelredCatherine, Lincoln the Called Unready the Birdy Great Emancipator would be charmed to see me.""Franklin,"My"I beg father's your you pardon?"working. told me M they'd y mother be here.. I think you said they . . went out." JesusPeter the the Messiah Great Avi. Who1992. Was That Masked"I lied." Man, Anyway? Orchard, 47 48 Jao: a R mI a ! a a Exampleseponym Eponym a word whose origin is a person's name Name LT2S Examplesslanteuphemism on a negative subject verbiage that puts a positive, respectful LT26 pasteurizeguillotinedecibel JosephAlexanderLouis PasteurGuillotin Graham Bell "has"frugal"Euphemism a great or "thrifty" personality" "is"cheapskate"Blunt ugly Truth to the bone" teddysideburnsplatonic bear AmbroseTeddyPlato Roosevelt Burnside "is"has between a healthy jobs" appetite" "is"eats a lazy like bum"a pig" andexcerpt used in an alternate setting a selection excised from an original piece LT2 7 thefalling climax action that lead to the resolution; denouement the plot events immediately following LT28 A verseA isExampleschapter reprinted from thefrom in Christmas a Thebasal Lion, reader. carol the "I Witch,Wonder and as I theWander" Wardrobe is true.withoutExample But knowing it was not why. a grasping"I remember'We're of almost a thisthin there,place,and burdensome Gabriel,"Gabe." And he whispered,it was feeling quite certain A passagepublishedusedby Katherine within from in thea the literaturePaterson. narrative short story anthology of "Athe Christmas novel for young Jacob Memory" readers. Have is I Loved Lowrykeep.recollection; It Lois. was thisaThe memory was Giver. different. of Houghton his own. This was Mifflin, something 1993. that he could 51 52 r,01 ! a I 8.1 a , /..--,....-.,,.... c a R !I I --i 4 s figuresfigurative of speech language used in poetry and prose creative language or LT29 withinflashback a story; analepsis recalling previous events at a latter point LT30 idiomhyperboleExamples theExample years, back to my boyhoodAs I caressed days. the How smooth wonderful surfaces, the my mind drifted back through similepersonificationmetaphor Rawls,memories Wilson. were. PieceWhere by the piece Red the Fern story Grows. unfolded. 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Harper Collins, 1985. 55 western 56 co 1 C al JO Examplesremarkablehero or heroine strength or courage a story character who exhibits LT33 Exampleshyperbole The amount of medals Franklin D. Roosevelt had either hung the use of obvious excessive exaggeration LT34 JoanHerculesBrian of Arc Robeson from Hatchet by Gary Paulsen armyaround with my enough neck or metal pinnedJust for to thea mytank. look front on would the Captain's have supplied face ripped the my heart right out of SpeareKitKarana Tyler from from Island The Witch of the of Blue Blackbird Dolphins Pond by by Scott Elizabeth O'Dell George Paterson,my chest. Katherine. Jacob Have I Loved. Harper Collins, 1980. Examplesidiomaticthatidiom has aexpression meaning apart from its literal translation; a common saying unique to a group of people LT35 impressionsimageryExample of the five senses descriptive language that evokes mental LT36 took my breath away. FarI knew down Mama in the meant right-hand what she corner, said. IThis found broke an admy thatheart. house,melting,oflighted butter pumpkin.drift nose-tinglingand out sugar, to Eggbeaters the vanilla odorsworldThe sweetens saturateon whirl,black puffs spoonsstove, theof chimney air,kitchen, stoked spin ginger roundsuffuse smoke.with spices coal in thebowls it; and firewood, glows like a wasRawls, on1961. needles Wilson. and Where pins.The the way Red my Fern grandfather Grows. staredDoubleday, at me made me uneasy. I Tiffany's.Capote, Truman. Random "A House, Christmas 1958. Memory" from Breakfast at 60 0.zr --...- JI I acquaintsintroduction the reader with characters and setting the beginning of a plot sequence that LT37 appearsirony to be and what it actually is the contrast between the way something LT38 Example Example There was a funeral service for her in the church. . . . Men'sflickedsufferedI first knew stiffflies on collars it.ina summer'sthe swelteringwilted day;byMaycomb nine shadebony in mules theof was the morning. hitched anlive old oaks town,Ladiesto onHoover. thebut bathed square.it carts was a tired old town when . . . Somehow, it was hotter then: a black dog wasthoselongNeither warmly as days sheanyone regarded wasnor couldtheyoung Captainas remember, aand "right earnesthad purty been but andservice." the to gave churchpreacher her for what in as likebefore soft noon, teacakes after with their frostings three-o'clock of sweat naps, and and sweet by nightfalltalcum. .were . HarperCollins,Paterson, Katherine. 1980. Jacob Have I Loved. satisfactory:andLee,courteous I, plus Harper. Calpurnia detachment.he playedTo Kill our with a We cook.Mockingbird. us, lived readJem on andto the us, Lippincott,I main foundand treatedresidential our 1960.father us with street in townAtticus, Jem jargontrade, or profession conversational language unique to a group, LT39 placekenning of a more familiar term a brief metaphor or stock phrase used in LT40 cowboytarantulabaseballsouthpaw,Examples juice, duster, bite the green dust, fly, tenderfoot, hot corner, rubberneckSir Charles Examples boneKenning house Termbody dinersunnysideteacherhelicopterhip-hopchill, dis, up, parent,homeboy,on the marbleside, def, surf palace, fly and turfdeep sneakers, SSR skyfirewater candle sunwhiskey 63 64 et liter r lice .-...... ,...... -..I'' e _ li e r 4 4 I liter t re fr at Exampleslineara distant story point a story that begins at one point and ends LT41 literaryofstandard creativity licensespelling, grammar, and punctuation for the sake the author's right to break the rules of LT42 throughChristianmany physicaldetermination embarks and upon spiritual he a makestreacherousIn obstaclesPilgrim's it to the journey. 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Viking,one dog. dog. 1990. artisticExamplesliterature value creative writing of universally recognized LT43 Exampleconfusionmalapropism with similar terms the misuse of words characterized by LT44 playessayclassic novel want to be a burden to him.""Mr."Who?""Maybe Rice's she's finance." got some I had mysterious picked up illnessthe word, and but doesn't not shortpoem story Paterson,spokenthe pronunciation vocabulary Katherine. from of most Jacob my'The"His islanders.reading. what?"Havewoman ItI Loved.he'swas engagednot in the to marry, stupid." 67 HarperCollins, 1980. 68 4: 18 _ 1 !a - - la somethingmeiosis is referred to in less-than-accurate terms a form of understatement whereby LT45 thatmetaphor does not use the words like or as a comparison between two distinct objects LT46 0 woundMercutioExamples as from a "scratch." 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Clarion, 1991. a systematic pattern and measure of rhythm LT47 replacing the name of one thing with LT48 BasicExamplesusedmeter in Metrical poetry Feet and Symbols Examplesthemetonymy name of another closelyMetonym associated thing Term dactyltrocheeiamb / »» » / the Ovalpenbottle Office writingalcoholthe President spondeeanapest(I = stressed syllable; » = unstressed syllable) //» » / 71 the presssword journalismwarfare 72 ..-...... ,/,....,- ... I J themood author's use of words the general feeling evoked in a reader through LT49 throughmoral the form of a story a lesson or principle intentionally communicated LT50 himselfExample down the road. TheWith boys that and he I,raised candy himself canes toin hand,one elbow and began to drag "Misery"DoExamples unto loves others company." as you would have them do unto you." alongshotgun.pocket,wouldstood the motionless.raise roadwatched But the rippedonly shotgun too. theWe the Wecrieswatched silence. again. all of waited Mr. Mr.Jeremy, "John! Tom John for BeeJohn!the theWallace secondas candy John!" he toinched cane clicksee he cried if inofhis he histhe way "You"Slow can'tare and judged please steady byeverybody." winsthe company the race." you keep." Taylor,John!over John! and Mildred overJOHN!" again.D. The "Ya Friendship.There hear was me, no John?Dial, other 1987.Till sound. the judgment day! Aesop's Fables particularmotivation behavior a story character's reason for exhibiting a LT51 Examplesnarrative any form of writing that tells a story LT52 Example . . . anecdote Jem shook his head. Son, didn't you know what her fits were?" 75_ epic . . . novel Jem,breakmakeshe when was itherself easier, goingyou're of but tosickit beforeleave it aswasn't she thisshe"Mrs. allwas, worlddied, rightDubose it's andbeholden for all her.that'srightwas She ato what tomorphine take nothingsaid she anything she did." addict,"and meant nobody.to saidto Atticus. "She said shortnovella story Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. Lippincott, 1960. 75 76 co j 7 .

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Almost their Number noseseveryand many boatandthe livesdestroyed,Stars.captain were Houghton used saved temporarily, such by Mifflin,a the permeated device.their 1989. sense of parodyExaMplesliterary work, most commonly for amusement the imitation of an author's style or LT59 Examplenonhumanpersonification objects attributing human characteristics to LT60 Parody Titles: PoliticallyGooflumps: Correct Stay OutBedtime of the Stories Bathroom by James by R. FinnU. Slime Garner Theandmountains"For all Holy yethe shall trees andBible gothe of (KIV)outthehills withfield shall joy,shall break and clap forthbe [their) led before forth hands." youwith intoIsaiah peace: singing, 55:12 the TheTheby StinkyJon NightThree Scieska Cheese Before Little and Wolves ThanksgivingLaneMan Smithand and Other the by BigFairlyDay Bad Pilkey Stupid Wolf Tales stayed dark, black as deathThe itself. lightning lit up everything else. Only the mouth of the cave by Eugene Trivizas 83 BEST COPY AVAILABLE, Wallace, Bill. Trapped in Death Cave. Holiday House, 1984. 84 I t _= I Fri ti lice etic asplagiarism one's own passing off the writings of another person LT61 Examplesplot the sequence of story events LT62 NotCopying'TheExamples quoting Gettysburg a report sources Address" verbatim by from R. Howardan encyclopedia Blount, Jr. introduction,beginning, middle, rising action,end climax, falling action, resolution introduction rising action climax falling action resolution AtExamplesandpoetic the aend bad justice of fate Trapped for villains in Death Cave by Bill Wallace, a deserved happy ending for heroes LT63 e.Examplesconventionalpoetic e. cummings license poetic is known devices for writing almost exclusively in the poet's freedom to depart from LT64 Atandfoundgreedy the careend dead Odie ofthat Shiloh with Ralston Marty fifty by shows fallsfangPhyllis intomarks Shiloh Reynolds a rattlesnake on eventually his Naylor, body. pit make andthe loveisthe rhythmforSomelowercase "over," poets or rhyme."tane"letters use irregular foras "taken,"well asshortened using or unconventional forms of words punctuation. such as "o'er" '" heaven"" for "heaven" for the sake of dog become his. A writing.Writersratherpoet may than ofWhen writefree "He young versea went line invokepoetsinto reversethe havesea"their order forlearnedright the suchto sake create the as rulesof 'To theirrhythm the of own grammar,sea or rules herhyme. went," of 87 BEST COPY AVAiLABLE of punctuation,writing in order and to style, enhance they creativity.may then choose to sacrifice the rules 88 et I .1 A Examplesispoint told of view the perspective from which a story LT65 Exampleshaveportmanteau been blended words through common usage words with dual meanings that LT66 pronounscharacter'sfirst personthe I,perspective, me, story my, toldwe, characterized us,from and the our author's by use of or the one brunchbleepPortmanteau Words Originalbreakfastblankout Words ++ beeplunch character'sthirdthe perspective person perspective limitedtheomniscientthe of more than narrator onenarrator charactertells tellsthe storythe story from from one motelgoodbyefortnight motorGodfourteen + +be hotel+ (with) nights + ye heroprotagonist or heroine the main character in a story; the LT67 wordspun that have distinctive meanings a play on words involving two similar-sounding LT68 LouiseBrianExamples Robeson Bradshaw in Hatchetin Jacob by Have Gary I LovedPaulsen by Katherine Paterson "Eat'Two"BeeExamples drinkitmaggots ever and so werebumble,be merry fighting there's for tomorrowin nodead place Ernest." you like may comb." diet." 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S 811 9 811 stylerecognizable uses of theme, diction, syntax, imagery, an author's unique way of writingcreative or LT85 plotsubplot a minor related story within the dominant LT86 GaryExamplesrhythm, Paulsen or figurative uses sentence language fragments and one word sentences. withinrelationshipTheExample growth the greater ofbetween Rocky plot Truas of anandhow artist MickBolton, and are theKansas, minor developing stories gets a andTrumanKatherinePam clauses. Conrad Capote Paterson uses uses setting-linked run-onuses obscure sentences simile yet filledpowerful and withmetaphor. words. series war memorial in The Monument by Gary Paulsen. ofPaulaGloria adolescence. DanzigerHouston infuseswrites humorously character dialogue about the with problems Appalachian dialect. oftensurprise marked ending by satisfaction or disappointment an unexpected conclusion to a story LT87 theanticipationsuspense reader to radiating read on from a story that motivate the feelings of excitement, anxiety, and LT88 flasheagerlyExample with upon a reflection her open of Jimpalm. her had bright The not dull,and yet preciousseenardent his spirit. beautifulmetal seemed present. to She held it out to him feetotherExample sure focused and steady down thein the barrelHe grass. walked of the slowlyrifle, slowly, up to hisslowly, mother, his bareone eye closed and the yourhishave watch.hands to look underI want at the the to time seeback"Isn't ahow Instead ofhundred his itit alooks head dandy, of times obeying, onand Jim?it." asmiled. day IJim hunted now. tumbled Give all over medown town on tothe find couch it. You'll and put away from her sides. "Get"Into"Paulie, in thethe you wagon,wagon, put that Ma,"Ma," down." hehe repeated.ordered. She was backing up, her arms held youwatchHenry'ern put awhile.to the get 0. chops theThe They're money Gifton." too of to nice thebuy"Dell," to Magi.your use said combs. just he, at "let's present. And put now, our I sold supposeChristmas the presents away and keep 111 Conrad,andA blast flapped exploded Pam. on Prairiethe at ground.her Songs. feet,"Paulie, and HarperCollins, the your hem pa of heris 1985.gonna" skirt tore from her 112 ea! 4 a 114 symbolismExamplesrepresent other entities or meanings the use of images in literature that LT89 Examplespartssynecdoche or a more comprehensive whole referring to a whole by one of its LT90 waterfireSymbol cleansingpassionMeaning callingcalling aa singermanualschool "a principal laborers voice" the-hands" administration" sunbirdsroses happinessfreedomlove calling thepolice Buccaneers officers "the "Tampa" law" shadowriverblack forebodinglifedeath Examplestheme the author's message or the main idea of a story LT91 attitudetone toward subject matter or reader manner of expression revealing author's LT92 friendshipTheme Charlotte'sTitleby E.and B. WhiteAuthor Web formaldistantExamples survivalart; war TheHatchetby GaryMonument Paulsenby Gary Paulsen intimateinformalhumorous independencerestoration 115 ThebyLyddie LostKatherinePam ConradSailor Paterson serious 116 I

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Modern Hate Examplespronunciations,dictionary and other information related to words a reference book used for finding meanings, G23 Examplesperformancedrama by actors a literary work designed for public G24 publishedandCassell's Wagnalls Spanishby McGraw-Hill of Scientific and Technical Terms published by Funk RaisinOurHamlet Town inby the Williamby Sun Thornton byShakespeare Lorraine Wilder Hansberry HoughtonTheUnconventionalPartridge's American Mifflin Concise Heritage English published by Macmillan of Slang and published by ThebyThe MiraclePaul Effect Zindel Worker of Gamma by William Rays onGibson Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds Webster'sPrentice Hall New World 139 published by 140 co A , -...-...... 44 form,dramatic involving poem two or more voices a narrative play written in verse G25 Exampleselegy a poem lamenting a death G26 Choruses"CanterburyExamples from Tales" 'The by Rock" Geoffrey by T. ChaucerS. Eliot "Thanatopsis""Oh"In Memoriam Captain, My byA.H.H." 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....41P111111_ I - - sae 9218 ISBN International Standard Book Number; BT25 permissions a list of statements giving permission BT26 Examplethe universal1-56417-665-7 order numberBlount; Jr, R. Howard. Language Arts Lingo: Glossaries and ©to "I'llExample1965use Be excerpts Northern Back," ©from Songs1964 other Northern Limited; copyrighted Songs"Revolution," worksLimited; © "It's 1968 Only Northern Love," Flashcards for 200+ Terms. Good Apple, 1997. andLife,"Limited;Songs Paul © Limited; 1965"Baby's McCartney. Northern "Can't"I'm in Black," Looking All Buy Songs Rights ©Me 1964Through Limited:Love," Controlled Northern ©You," All 1964 songs and Songs© Northern 1965Administered by Limited; JohnNorthern Songs Lennon "In by My MCA Rylant,RESERVED.UnderMUSIC licenseCynthia. PUBLISHING, from But ATV I'll AMUSIC. Be Division Back USED of Again. MCA BY PERMISSION.INC., Orchard, New York1989. ALL NY RIGHTS 10019. preface a brief note from an author BT27 prologue an introductory or opening passage at the BT28 andhasExample everall. my been own found fossils in andNebraska,Some bones of thiscomebut storyI'm from partial is there.true. to SomeNebraska, And while of it's Ilies. No brontosaurus Examplepriorbeginning to the of story a story; a Theypassage say thatManiac tells Magee what happened was born in a dump. They say his 0 ofdinosaurnever her1810 brother.heard adventure,who of madea young therean girlimportant was in Nebraska once dinosaur a young taking discovery girl part in Englandin awith the in help ratsstomach stood was guard a cereal over himboxThey whileand say his he ifhe heart youslept. kept knew a an sofa eight-inch he spring. was coming cockroach and youon asprinkled leash and salt that Conrad,didn't really, Pam. not My exactly Daniel. anyway. HarperSo this storyCollins, could 1989. have happened like it says, almost, but it 239 Spinelli,wouldon the be Jerry.groundas slow Maniac andas everybody he Magee. ranThey over say. else. Little, it, within Brown, two 1990.or three blocks he 240 mO v G -117

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GiessaniesandFlashcards ?or 21:43+Terms JR. BY R.HOWARD BLOUNT,

need to help and resources you Lingo will provide youwith the tools Language Arts glossaries containingover 200 love with literature.Reproducible yourstudents fall in along withremovable and bookconstruction terms, literary, genre,book content, enjoyable, and arts essentialseasy, make reviewingthese language students flashcards, will Jeopardy, areincluded. Help suggestions, such astic-tac-toe and fun. Game Lingo. Forgrades 4-8. literature withLanguage Arts delve deeply intothe world of Author About the middle- been anelementary and R. HowardBlount, Jr. has Hillsborough County,Florida, since 5 I school classroomteacher in Elementary Educationfrom 1980. He earned aB.A. degree in degree inEducational Southeastern Collegeand an M.Ed. Florida. Mr.Blount a Leadership from theUniversity of South writer, educationalconsultant, freelance also works as an author children's books.He is the proofreader, andreviewer of Authors andIllustrators, of The AddressBook of Children's Instruction andAuthentic ImplementingLiterature-Based Plus, publishedby Assessment, andArt Projects Instructional Fair/T.S. Denison.

GA 1575 ISBN 1-56417-665-7

Good Apple. 299 Jefferson.Road P.O.EiOx480' Parsippany, NJ07054-0480 ISBN L-56417-bb5-7

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