Comprehensive Plan
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TOWN OF ITHACA, NEW YORK COMPREHENSIVE PLAN DRAFT DATE: DECEMBER 5, 2012 Town of Ithaca Comprehensive Plan Update Draft: 12/5/2012 Acknowledgements The Town’s Comprehensive Plan would not be possible without the support, expertise and input from the following individuals: Ithaca Town Board Herb Engman, Town Supervisor Bill Goodman, Deputy Town Supervisor Rich DePaolo Tee-Ann Hunter Patricia Leary Eric Levine Comprehensive Plan Committee Herb Engman, Town Board, Chair Patricia Leary, Town Board Tee-Ann Hunter, Town Board Hollis Erb, Planning Board Joe Wetmore, Resident Stephen Wagner, Resident Bill Sonnenstuhl, Resident Diane Conneman, Conservation Board Dave Mountain, Resident (former) David Kay, City of Ithaca Diana Riesman, Village of Cayuga Heights Peter Stein, Tompkins County Town of Ithaca Planning Staff Susan Ritter, Director of Planning Jonathan Kanter, AICP, Director of Planning (former) Dan Tasman, AICP, Assistant Director of Planning Michael Smith, AICP, Environmental Planner Christine Balestra, Planner Darby Kiley, Planner (former) Nina Coveney, Planning Intern (former) Stephen Albonesi, Planning Intern (former) A special acknowledgment to the citizens who participated in open houses, neighborhood meetings, public hearings, and other input opportunities. ii Town of Ithaca Comprehensive Plan Update Draft: 12/5/2012 Table of Contents CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Ithaca – The Setting 2 Building on Successes to Shape the Future 3 Creating a Plan for the New Century 3 Securing a Sustainable Future 4 Collaborating with Neighboring Municipalities 4 Plan Development and Organization 5 The Importance of the Comprehensive Plan 5 The Planning Process 5 Concurrent Planning Initiatives 6 Community Vision Statement 7 CHAPTER 2: GOALS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Introduction to Goals and Recommendations 9 Land Use and Development 10 Housing and Neighborhoods 14 Natural Resources and Environment 16 Energy and Climate Protection 20 Agriculture 24 Recreation 27 Historical Resources 29 Transportation 31 Municipal Services and Infrastructure 36 Community Services 39 Economic Development 41 CHAPTER 3: FUTURE LAND USE PLAN Introduction 45 Natural / Open 46 Rural / Agricultural 47 Semi-Rural Neighborhood 48 Established Neighborhood 50 New Neighborhood 52 Enterprise 54 Campus 55 Neighborhood Center 57 Inlet Valley Corridor 59 Areas of Special Concern 60 Future Land Use Map 64 CHAPTER 4 PLAN IMPLEMENTATION Implementing the Plan – to be completed 65 APPENDICES APPENDIX A: IMPLEMENTING BEST PRACTICES A-1 APPENDIX B: EXISTING CONDITIONS/SUPPORTING INFORMATION Demographic Profile B-3 iii Town of Ithaca Comprehensive Plan Update Draft: 12/5/2012 Land Use B-9 Housing B-34 Natural Resources and Environment B-46 Energy and Climate Protection B-71 Agricultural Resources B-75 Recreational Resources B-77 Historical Resources B-83 Transportation B-87 Municipal Services & Infrastructure B-104 Community Services B-114 Economic Development Profile B-120 Appendix C. Residents Survey Appendix D. Public & Focus Group Meeting Summaries Appendix E. Population and Housing Projection Calculations Appendix F. Build-out Analysis Appendix G. Glossary Appendix H. Bibliography Appendix I. Agriculture Plan (2011) Appendix J. Scenic Resources Inventory and Analysis Report (20xx) – yet to come iv Town of Ithaca Comprehensive Plan Update Draft: 12/5/2012 Figures, Tables and Maps List of Tables Town Population-Distribution Changes 1990-2010 B-5 Current Land Use Distribution B-9 Land Area in Each Zone B-21 Zoning On-Campus B-26 Building Permits Issued, January 1990-December 1999 (Number of Units) B-38 Building Permits Issued, January 2000-January 2010 (Number of Units) B-39 Age of Housing Structures B-43 Value of Housing Structures B-44 Unique Natural Areas and their Acreage in the Town of Ithaca B-56 Important Scenic Views in the Town of Ithaca B-58 Town of Ithaca Parks B-77 Other Parks in the Town of Ithaca B-78 Town of Ithaca Preserves B-79 Town of Ithaca Trails and Walkways B-81 Town of Ithaca Historical Markers B-84 Miles in the Town of Each Functional Classification with Examples B-91 Traffic Volume and Congestion B-97 TCAT Routes Serving the Town of Ithaca B-99 Truck Volumes on Roads within the Town B-103 Town Water Supply Tanks B-105 Top Employers in Tompkins County B-121 Employment by Industry, Town of Ithaca, 2005-2009 B-123 Commuters into Tompkins County B-124 List of Figures Town of Ithaca Historical and Projected Population B-4 Town Population Distribution in 2000/2010 B-5 Town of Ithaca Age Distribution (2005-2009) B-7 Educational Attainment of People in the Town of Ithaca, 2005-2009 B-8 Household Size (2010) B-34 Building Permits Issued, Jan. 1990 to Dec. 1999 B-38 Building Permits Issued, Jan. 2000 to Jan. 2010 B-39 New Housing Units, 1980-2010 B-40 Housing Types by Location: 1980-Jan. 2010 B-42 Concentrations of Greenhouse Gases from 0 to 2005 B-71 GHG Emissions and Energy Costs by Sector B-72 GHG Emissions by Sector B-74 Sample Right-of-Way B-91 v Town of Ithaca Comprehensive Plan Update Draft: 12/5/2012 List of Maps 2010 Population by Census Block B-6 Town of Ithaca Land Use B-10 Cornell University and Ithaca College B-16 Town of Ithaca Current Zoning B-22 Number of Households by Census Block, 2010 B-35 Residential Development, 1980-2010 B-41 Slope Percent B-61 Water Resources B-62 Wetlands and Hydric Soils B-62 Bedrock Geology B-64 Surficial Geology B-65 Soil Series B-66 Prime Agricultural Soils B-67 Probability of Highly Erodible Soils B-68 Forests, Meadows, & other Open Space B-69 Unique Natural Areas & Critical Environmental Areas B-70 Parks and Trails B-80 Historical Resources B-87 Functional Classification of Roads in the Town of Ithaca B-92 Location of Serious Crashes, 2000-2007 B-97 Water Service Areas B-112 Sewer Service Areas B-113 Community Services B-119 vi Town of Ithaca Comprehensive Plan Update Draft: 12/5/2012 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ITHACA: THE SETTING The Town of Ithaca includes a mosaic of rural, suburban, and urban landscapes that surrounds the City of Ithaca. It is a college Town of Ithaca at a glance town, a farm town, a Finger Lakes community, and a tourist Location in Tompkins County destination renowned for its scenic vistas, forested hillsides, gorges, waterfalls and Cayuga Lake. The Town is fortunate to have three State Parks nearby and many small Town parks and trails. It is a town where institutions of higher learning flourish, where comparatively stable employment centers reside, and where there is easy access to outdoor recreational opportunities, cultural events, shopping, eclectic restaurants, and a thriving arts and music scene. This mix of rural and small-town charm with a cultural vibrancy and a nearby city vibe is what makes the Town distinctive. It’s what residents value about living here and what attracts newcomers to visit and stay. Settled: 1794 (Forest Home area) Ithaca’s reputation for a high quality of life and for being one of Founded: 1821 (split from the Town the few expanding economies in upstate New York draws people of Ulysses) here. This growth brings new businesses, new employers, and new Area: 30.3 square miles (total), 29.1 ideas. An expanding population means a broader base to support square miles (land only) the arts, culture, and our many non-profit organizations. The Elevation: 382' to 1420’ attractiveness of Ithaca has brought many positive changes but it Population (2010): 19,930 also brings the challenge of accommodating more people well and Households (2010): 6,988 in a sustainable fashion–preserving valuable farmland and open Median household income: space, and ensuring that the quality of life that brought people here $55,934 (US Census ACS 2005‐2009) in the first place is not jeopardized. Concerns about growth, and specifically where it should occur, was a central theme of the Town’s first general land use planning document. The 1959 Ithaca Urban Area Plan was an intermunicipal undertaking by the City of Ithaca, Town of Ithaca, and the Villages of Lansing and Cayuga Heights. The 1959 Plan expressed deep anxiety over the increasing dispersion of the population into more the more- rural areas and away from an urban core and the potential impacts of that pattern on the quality and character of the Ithaca area. That plan described the residential land use patterns around the urban fringes as having assumed “the characteristics of well-scattered confetti” and went on to state: “Most of the roads and highways in the Ithaca countryside have become, in effect, long drawn-out city streets. New homes have sprung up at random on large lots along the roadside and the overall effect is that of a loose cluster of houses clinging to the web of concrete and asphalt that holds them together.” Despite raising alarms, the proposed ideas and recommendations expressed in the 1959 Plan were not translated into concrete actions that remedied the ongoing development patterns in the Town. It would take 30 more years for the Town to commit formally to implementing regulations and policies to curb the loss of open space. With the adoption of the 1993 Town of Ithaca Comprehensive Plan, protection of the Town’s agricultural lands, natural areas, and environment was established as a high priority. The Plan’s subsequent implementation has had many important successes. Conservation zoning 2 Town of Ithaca Comprehensive Plan Update Draft: 12/5/2012 (with its very low density requirements) was introduced in 1996 to reduce the development potential on 1,000 acres of sensitive watershed in the Six Mile Creek Valley. In recent years, conservation zoning has been expanded to other environmentally sensitive areas of the Town and now covers more than 3,100 acres of land. Agricultural zoned lands have also expanded and now total more than 4,200 acres.