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THE RISE, CONSOLIDATION AND DISINTEGRATION OF DLAMINI POWER IN SWAZILAND BETWEEN 1820 AND 1889. A study in the relationship of foreign affairs to internal political development. Philip Lewis Bonner. ProQuest Number: 11010329 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11010329 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ABSTRACT The Swazi kingdom grew out of the pressures associated with competition for trade and for the rich resources of Shiselweni. While centred on this area it acquired some of its characteristic features - notably a regimental system, and the dominance of a Dlamini aristocracy. Around 1815 the Swazi came under pressure from the South, and were forced to colonise the land lying north of the Lusutfu. Here they remained for some years a nation under arms, as they plundered local peoples, and were themselves swept about by the currents of the Mfecane. In time a more settled administration emerged, as the aristocracy spread out from the royal centres at Ezulwini, and this process accelerated under Mswati as he subdued recalcitrant chiefdoms, and restructured the regiments. -
Early History of South Africa
THE EARLY HISTORY OF SOUTH AFRICA EVOLUTION OF AFRICAN SOCIETIES . .3 SOUTH AFRICA: THE EARLY INHABITANTS . .5 THE KHOISAN . .6 The San (Bushmen) . .6 The Khoikhoi (Hottentots) . .8 BLACK SETTLEMENT . .9 THE NGUNI . .9 The Xhosa . .10 The Zulu . .11 The Ndebele . .12 The Swazi . .13 THE SOTHO . .13 The Western Sotho . .14 The Southern Sotho . .14 The Northern Sotho (Bapedi) . .14 THE VENDA . .15 THE MASHANGANA-TSONGA . .15 THE MFECANE/DIFAQANE (Total war) Dingiswayo . .16 Shaka . .16 Dingane . .18 Mzilikazi . .19 Soshangane . .20 Mmantatise . .21 Sikonyela . .21 Moshweshwe . .22 Consequences of the Mfecane/Difaqane . .23 Page 1 EUROPEAN INTERESTS The Portuguese . .24 The British . .24 The Dutch . .25 The French . .25 THE SLAVES . .22 THE TREKBOERS (MIGRATING FARMERS) . .27 EUROPEAN OCCUPATIONS OF THE CAPE British Occupation (1795 - 1803) . .29 Batavian rule 1803 - 1806 . .29 Second British Occupation: 1806 . .31 British Governors . .32 Slagtersnek Rebellion . .32 The British Settlers 1820 . .32 THE GREAT TREK Causes of the Great Trek . .34 Different Trek groups . .35 Trichardt and Van Rensburg . .35 Andries Hendrik Potgieter . .35 Gerrit Maritz . .36 Piet Retief . .36 Piet Uys . .36 Voortrekkers in Zululand and Natal . .37 Voortrekker settlement in the Transvaal . .38 Voortrekker settlement in the Orange Free State . .39 THE DISCOVERY OF DIAMONDS AND GOLD . .41 Page 2 EVOLUTION OF AFRICAN SOCIETIES Humankind had its earliest origins in Africa The introduction of iron changed the African and the story of life in South Africa has continent irrevocably and was a large step proven to be a micro-study of life on the forwards in the development of the people. -
Tutorial Letter 101/1/2016 AFL1503
AFL1503/101/1/2016 Tutorial letter 101/1/2016 Language and Communication Skills Acquisition in an African Language 1 AFL1503 Semester 1 Department of African Languages IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This tutorial letter contains important information about your module. CONTENTS Page 1 INTRODUCTION 4 1.1 Tutorial matter 4 2 PURPOSE AND OUTCOMES FOR THE MODULE 5 2.1 Purpose 5 2.2 Outcomes 5 3 LECTURER(S) AND CONTACT DETAILS 6 3.1 Lecturer(s) 6 3.2 Department 7 3.3 University 7 4 MODULE-RELATED RESOURCES 7 4.1 Prescribed books 7 4.2 Recommended books 8 4.3 Electronic reserves (e-Reserves) 8 4.4 Additional books/ resources 8 5 STUDENT SUPPORT SERVICES FOR THE MODULE 10 6 MODULE-SPECIFIC STUDY PLAN 10 7 MODULE PRACTICAL WORK AND WORK-INTEGRATED LEARNING 10 8 ASSESSMENT 10 8.1 Assessment plan 10 8.2 General assignment numbers 11 8.2.1 Unique assignment numbers 12 8.2.2 Due dates for assignments 12 8.3 Submission of assignments 13 8.4 First Assignments, Semester 01 14 8.4.1 IsiZulu 01 14 8.4.2 IsiXhosa 01 25 8.4.3 Sesotho sa Leboa/ Northern Sotho 01 36 8.4.4 Setswana 01 47 8.4.5 Sesotho/Southern Sotho 01 58 8.4.6 Siswati 01 69 8.4.7 IsiNdebele 01 80 8.4.8 Tshivenḓa 01 91 8.4.9 Xitsonga 01 103 8.5 Second Assignments, Semester 01 114 8.5.1 IsiZulu 21 114 8.5.2 IsiXhosa 22 119 8.5.3 Sesotho sa Leboa/ Northern Sotho 23 122 8.5.4 Setswana 24 126 8.5.5 Sesotho/Southern Sotho 25 130 8.5.6 Siswati 26 132 2 AFL1503/101 8.5.7 IsiNdebele 27 137 8.5.8 Tshivenḓa 28 140 8.5.9 Xitsonga 29 142 9 OTHER ASSESSMENT METHODS 144 10 EXAMINATION 144 11 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 144 12 SOURCES CONSULTED 145 13 CONCLUSION 145 3 1. -
Encephalartos Woodii ELSA POOLEY Writes About the Mysterious Enigma Wood’S Cycad, a Plant That Is Extinct in the Wild
Encephalartos woodii ELSA POOLEY writes about the mysterious enigma Wood’s cycad, a plant that is extinct in the wild. Wood’s cycad is one of the most magnificent and rare plants of this family of ancient plants. It has been extinct in the wild for nearly a century. Only one four-stemmed male plant was ever found. It was first collected by John Medley Wood, director of the Natal Government Herbarium and leading Natal botanist. He was on a botanical expedition in Zululand in 1895, and found it when exploring Ngoye Forest (now spelt Ongoye). In 1903 several suckers Encephalartos woodii growing in Durban Botanic Gardens. photograph © Richard Boon 60 INTERNATIONAL DENDROLOGY SOCIETY TREES were collected for the Durban Botanic Gardens and for the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew and a private nurseryman in the south of England. (It was described in the Gardeners’ Chronicle in 1908.) In 1907 John Wylie, an assistant to Medley Wood and curator of the Durban Botanic Gardens, collected two of the large trunks and planted them in the Durban Botanic Garden. In 1916 the last surviving stem was removed and was planted in Pretoria. All efforts to locate more plants – and female plants – in the original location have failed. However, hundreds of offshoots have been grown and distributed around the world, so the plant is known outside of South Africa. This is a distinctive species. The original plants stand about 6m tall, with a stately, erect stem which is broad and buttressed at the base. This buttressed stem, and the spreading canopy of arching leaves, even in juvenile plants, distinguishes the species. -
AFRICAN BOTANIC GARDENS NETWORK BULLETIN EDITION No
AFRICAN BOTANIC GARDENS NETWORK BULLETIN EDITION No. 10 December 2005 Contents Steering Committee Report Douglas Gibbs News of Arusha Botanic Gardens –Tanzania Chris Dalzell News from South Africa’s National Botanical Gardens Christopher Willis Development of an Ethnobotanical Garden at University of Zululand – KwaZulu Natal – South Africa Helene de Wet Cycad Crisis in Limbe Botanic Garden – Cameroon Chris Forminyam News from Osunpoly Botanic Garden – Nigeria Adeniyi A.Jayeola Medicinal Plant Mound, KhoiSan Maze & Rock Art Shelter Yvette van Wijk News from Nairobi Arboretum James Birnie Dear Members Welcome to the 2005 edition of our Bulletin. Many thanks to those of you who contributed, and expressed your interest and support – this is much appreciated. The good news is that the Steering Committee Meeting in Kenya was a great success and much was achieved and the future of the Network looks good. (Morocco) representing North African Network, African Botanic Gardens Network Christopher Dalzell, (South Africa) Secretariat and Steering Committee Report - November 2005 ABGN Coordinator, Douglas Gibbs (UK) BGCI, Mark Nicholson (Kenya) observer, Roy Gereau (U.S.A.) The Steering Committee of the African Botanic Gardens observer and Mafanny Julie Mbome (Cameroon) Network met at Brachenhurst Baptist International observer. Convention Centre, Limuru, Kenya, 28-29 November 2005. During the meeting, the Steering Committee Due to the creation of National Coordinators and reviewed activities since the 2004 Steering Committee postponement of the Assembly to 2007, minor changes Meeting, held in Barcelona, Spain. At Limuru, the to the Network Management Structure are required. Committee developed the 2006 Network Workplan and Any comments on the new Network Management Structure (see attached) should be sent to the ABGN created the new level of management by developing th position of National Coordinators to support the work of Secretariat by 30 June 2006. -
Red Data List Special Edition
Newsletter of the Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Volume 6 No. 3 ISSN 1027-4286 November 2001 Invasive Alien Plants Part 2 Southern Mozambique Expedition Living Plant Collections: Lowveld, Mozambique, Namibia REDSABONET NewsDATA Vol. 6 No. 3 November LIST 2001 SPECIAL EDITION153 c o n t e n t s Red Data List Features Special 157 Profile: Ezekeil Kwembeya ON OUR COVER: 158 Profile: Anthony Mapaura Ferraria schaeferi, a vulnerable 162 Red Data Lists in Southern Namibian near-endemic. 159 Tribute to Paseka Mafa (Photo: G. Owen-Smith) Africa: Past, Present, and Future 190 Proceedings of the GTI Cover Stories 169 Plant Red Data Books and Africa Regional Workshop the National Botanical 195 Herbarium Managers’ 162 Red Data List Special Institute Course 192 Invasive Alien Plants in 170 Mozambique RDL 199 11th SSC Workshop Southern Africa 209 Further Notes on South 196 Announcing the Southern 173 Gauteng Red Data Plant Africa’s Brachystegia Mozambique Expedition Policy spiciformis 202 Living Plant Collections: 175 Swaziland Flora Protection 212 African Botanic Gardens Mozambique Bill Congress for 2002 204 Living Plant Collections: 176 Lesotho’s State of 214 Index Herbariorum Update Namibia Environment Report 206 Living Plant Collections: 178 Marine Fishes: Are IUCN Lowveld, South Africa Red List Criteria Adequate? Book Reviews 179 Evaluating Data Deficient Taxa Against IUCN 223 Flowering Plants of the Criterion B Kalahari Dunes 180 Charcoal Production in 224 Water Plants of Namibia Malawi 225 Trees and Shrubs of the 183 Threatened -
From Tsonga to Mozambicanidade
FROM TSONGA TO MOÇAMBICANIDADE: CIVIL RELIGIOUS DYNAMICS IN MOZAMBICAN NATIONALISM Samuel Joina Ngale Town Supervisor: Professor David Chidester Cape Thesis Presentedof for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Religious Studies UniversityUNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN December 2011 The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgementTown of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Cape Published by the University ofof Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University ABSTRACT The relationship between the Romande Mission and the Liberation Front of Mozambique (FRELIMO) has been the subject of study by a number of Mozambicanists. Most of them agree that the Romande Mission played a key role in educating nationalist elites and in shaping political consciousness among the Africans. Notwithstanding the relevance of this approach, the current study argues that the Tsonga tribal and Mozambican national identities are civil religious constructs. They resulted from sacrificial ritual performances, the expropriation of traditions and symbols, and the creation of sacred spaces. Formed as a linguistic, cultural, religious and tribal unity, the Tsonga provided a historical genealogy and structural template for the emergence of Moçambicanidade as a civil religion. Drawing upon postcolonial theory and discourse analysis, the thesis uses the analytical -
Recent Discovery of Small Naturalised Populations of Melaleuca Quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T
BioInvasions Records (2015) Volume 4, Issue 1: 53–59 Open Access doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/bir.2015.4.1.09 © 2015 The Author(s). Journal compilation © 2015 REABIC Rapid Communication Recent discovery of small naturalised populations of Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T. Blake in South Africa Llewellyn E. O. Jacobs1,2,3*, Ernita van Wyk1 and John R. U. Wilson1,3 1Invasive Species Programme, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, P/Bag X7. Claremont 3357. Cape Town. South Africa 2CapeNature. Scientific Services. Private Bag X5014. Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa 3Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa E-mail: [email protected] (LJ), [email protected] (EVW), [email protected] (JW) *Corresponding author Received: 15 July 2014 / Accepted: 24 November 2014 / Published online: 3 February 2015 Handling editor: Vadim Panov Abstract The discovery of a naturalised population of Melaleuca quinquenervia in South Africa in 2009 prompted an evaluation of the species’ distribution across South Africa. We found records at seven localities in two of the nine provinces of South Africa, with naturalised populations at two sites — ~300 plants were discovered over 0.3ha in a confined-seep on a mountain slope, while at an old arboretum 12 large, planted trees and 9 naturalised trees were found. An additional herbarium record from Mozambique suggests that this global invader is present at other sites within the sub-region, and so while the extirpation of populations in South Africa is recommended and looks feasible, further work is required to determine the status and evaluate whether eradication from the sub-region as a whole is possible. -
The Impact of Impucuko (Modernisation) of Rural Homestead Living Spaces on the Dwellers in a Selected Area of Umbumbulu, South of Durban
THE IMPACT OF IMPUCUKO (MODERNISATION) OF RURAL HOMESTEAD LIVING SPACES ON THE DWELLERS IN A SELECTED AREA OF UMBUMBULU, SOUTH OF DURBAN. Submitted in fulfilment of the degree MASTER OF APPLIED ARTS IN INTERIOR DESIGN FACULTY OF ARTS AND DESIGN Candidate: HLENGIWE MLAMBO Student Number 20513142 Institution DURBAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION DESIGN Supervisor PROF BRIAN PEARCE Co-supervisor PROF RODNEY HARBER DATE: 28 APRIL 2016 1 2 ABSTRACT This study discusses the impact of modernisation of rural homestead living spaces on dwellers in a selected area of Umbumbulu, south of Durban Kwa-Zulu Natal South Africa. The study was conducted after a change was noticed within the rural homesteads built environment. Factors responsible for the changes in building/ dwelling shape, size, style, as well as the choice of materials (SSSM) used were discussed. The study further examined the impact of the listed changes within the social context of Umbumbulu’s rural dwellers, while addressing in-depth questions around the topic of modernisation, especially within the confines of rural homesteads and living spaces. A qualitative research approach was employed where an interpretative research paradigm was chosen as a theoretical framework for the study. Data consisted of seven semi structured interviews. The research design consisted of themes, the analysis, as well as the findings in relation to literature. The conclusion showed what the rural dwellers understand about modernisation in a rural context, as well as how it has impacted the changes in building/ dwelling shape, size, style, as well as in the choice of materials used. Three identifiable themes were discussed namely: 1. -
History of the African Botanic Gardens Network
History of the African Botanic Gardens Network At the 5th International Congress of Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) held at Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, Cape Town, South Africa in September 1998, the African representatives called on the BGCI to redevelop an African focus, including an African Botanic Gardens Newsletter. This was to replace the Tropical Africa Botanic Gardens Bulletin that was initiated in 1989. This Bulletin was to be published yearly, but unfortunately only four editions appeared between 1989 and 1995. The idea of establishing an African Botanic Gardens Network (ABGN) was put forward again at the World Botanic Garden Congress held in Asheville, North Carolina, USA, in June 2000. The success of the discussions between African botanic garden representatives and Fiona Dennis of the BGCI in Asheville brought about the publication of the first issue of the new African Botanic Gardens Network Bulletin in October 2000. Prior to the Asheville meeting in June 2000, Nouhou Ndam of Limbe Botanic Garden in Cameroon had in 1995 also called for the biological institutions of Africa to form a network. In March 2001 it was agreed at the inaugural meeting of the SABONET - supported Southern African Botanical Garden Network to hold the first Congress Steering Committee meeting in Aburi Botanic Gardens, Ghana. Consequently, the follow-up meeting to the African Botanic Gardens Network inaugural meeting in Asheville was held at the Aburi Botanic Gardens, Ghana, in June 2001. Hosted by George Owusu-Afriyie (Ghana), the historic meeting was attended by representatives from Cameroon (Christopher Fominyam), South Africa (Christopher Dalzell and Christopher Willis), Theophilus Agbovie of Aburi Botanic Gardens and Fiona Dennis of BGCI. -
In Search of the Understanding of the Old Testament in Africa: the Case of the Lemba
IN SEARCH OF THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE OLD TESTAMENT IN AFRICA: THE CASE OF THE LEMBA by MAGDEL LE ROUX submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF LITERATURE AND PHILOSOPHY in the subject BIBLICAL STUDIES at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA PROMOTER: PROF E H SCHEFFLER NOVEMBER 1999 Contemporary (1964) Ethiopian painting on cloth depicting how the Queen ofSheba journeyed to King Solomon by boat accompanied by her retinue (Photo: Kessler 1982) - 'WE CAME BY BOAT TO AFRICA .. .' CA LEMBA TRADITION) 'Solomon sent his ships to get gold from Ophir ... Some ofthe Jews who went on those boats stayed in Africa. That is the origin ofthe Lemba' (cfpp 155,156) CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS SUMMARY MAPS CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION ~ 1.1 HISTORY OF THE PROJECT . 1 1.2 METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS ............................ 3 I~ 1.2.1 Qualitative research methods . 3 1.2.l.l The phenomenological perspective . 4 1.2.1.2 Participant observation . 5 1.2.1.3 Jn-depth interviewing . 6 1.2.1.4 The interview guide . 6 1.2.2 Processing and interpretation . 7 1.2.3 Conclusion ~··~ . 8 1.3 THE PURPOSE AND STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS .................... 8 1.3.1 The purpose of the thesis . 8 1.3.2 Limitations and delimitations of this project: the structure of the thesis . 11 CHAPTER TWO VARIOUS RECEPTIONS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT IN AFRICA: SOME OBSERVATIONS 2.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................ 14 2.2 OSTENSIBLE REASONS FOR 'RELIGIOUS SHIFTS' WORLD-WIDE . 17 2.3 'JUDAISING' MOVEMENTS IN AFRICA . 19 2.3.1 Groups upon whom the idea of Jewishness was imposed ................ -
Cultural Practices and Beliefs Affecting Hiv and Aids Management Among Tsonga People in Bushbuckridge
CULTURAL PRACTICES AND BELIEFS AFFECTING HIV AND AIDS MANAGEMENT AMONG TSONGA PEOPLE IN BUSHBUCKRIDGE by LYNETTE FANISA BALOYI Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN NURSING in the subject HEALTH STUDIES At the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA PROFESSOR AH MAVHANDU-MUDZUSI 2019 STUDENT NUMBER 582-632-2 DECLARATION I Lynette Fanisa Baloyi declare that “CULTURAL PRACTICES AND BELIEFS AFFECTING HIV AND AIDS MANAGEMENT AMONG TSONGA PEOPLE IN BUSHBUCKRIDGE” is my original work. I declare that all sources that I have used or quoted have been acknowledged through reference. This work has not been submitted for any other degree at any other institution of higher learning. 23 September 2019 Signature Date ii DEDICATION I am dedicating this thesis to the following: • My late dad, Phillip Charles Baloyi whose love for education was immeasurable, • My mother Busisiwe Mabel Baloyi for caring and supporting schooling, • My one and only late brother Sydney Baloyi for encouraging me through his eloquence in English, • My late sister Sponono and my three sisters Sonty, Zodwa, Zandy and my only child, Carol and her family. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank God Almighty for keeping me safe until the completion of this research. For the rest of the period when I was busy with this work, I have approached different people who contributed a lot and supported me to continue doing this work. It is not possible to list all of them here. However, I would like to send my special thanks to the following: • Prof AH Mavhandu-Mudzusi for making sure that this thesis is taking good shape and is completed.