DOCSLIB.ORG

Understanding How Security Works Against Terrorism MTI Report 12-02 December 2012 December 12-02 MTI Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Understanding How Security Works Against Terrorism MTI Report 12-02 December 2012 December 12-02 MTI Report MTI Funded by U.S. Department of Services Transit Census California of Water 2012 Transportation and California The Challenge of Protecting Department of Transportation Transit and Passenger Rail: Understanding How Security Works Against Terrorism MTI ReportMTI 12-02 December 2012 MTI Report 12-74 MINETA TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTE MTI FOUNDER LEAD UNIVERSITY OF MNTRC Hon. Norman Y. Mineta The Mineta Transportation Institute (MTI) was established by Congress in 1991 as part of the Intermodal Surface Transportation MTI/MNTRC BOARD OF TRUSTEES Equity Act (ISTEA) and was reauthorized under the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st century (TEA-21). MTI then successfully competed to be named a Tier 1 Center in 2002 and 2006 in the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Founder, Honorable Norman Joseph Boardman (Ex-Officio) Diane Woodend Jones (TE 2019) Richard A. White (Ex-Officio) Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU). Most recently, MTI successfully competed in the Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2011 to Mineta (Ex-Officio) Chief Executive Officer Principal and Chair of Board Interim President and CEO be named a Tier 1 Transit-Focused University Transportation Center. The Institute is funded by Congress through the United States Secretary (ret.), US Department of Amtrak Lea+Elliot, Inc. American Public Transportation Transportation Association (APTA) Department of Transportation’s Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology (OST-R), University Transportation Vice Chair Anne Canby (TE 2017) Will Kempton (TE 2019) Centers Program, the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), and by private grants and donations. Hill & Knowlton, Inc. Director Executive Director Bud Wright (Ex-Officio) OneRail Coalition Transportation California Executive Director Honorary Chair, Honorable Bill American Association of State The Institute receives oversight from an internationally respected Board of Trustees whose members represent all major surface Shuster (Ex-Officio) Donna DeMartino (TE 2018) Art Leahy (TE 2018) Highway and Transportation Officials Chair General Manager and CEO CEO (AASHTO) transportation modes. MTI’s focus on policy and management resulted from a Board assessment of the industry’s unmet needs House Transportation and San Joaquin Regional Transit District Metrolink and led directly to the choice of the San José State University College of Business as the Institute’s home. The Board provides Infrastructure Committee Edward Wytkind (Ex-Officio) United States House of William Dorey (TE 2017) Jean-Pierre Loubinoux (Ex-Officio) President policy direction, assists with needs assessment, and connects the Institute and its programs with the international transportation Representatives Board of Directors Director General Transportation Trades Dept., community. Granite Construction, Inc. International Union of Railways AFL-CIO Honorary Co-Chair, Honorable (UIC) Peter DeFazio (Ex-Officio) Malcolm Dougherty (Ex-Officio) MTI’s transportation policy work is centered on three primary responsibilities: Vice Chair Director Abbas Mohaddes (TE 2018) (TE) = Term Expiration or Ex-Officio House Transportation and California Department of CEO * = Past Chair, Board of Trustee Infrastructure Committee Transportation The Mohaddes Group United States House of Research Representatives Mortimer Downey* (TE 2018) Jeff Morales (TE 2019) MTI works to provide policy-oriented research for all levels of sity system. With the active assistance of the California President CEO Chair, Nuria Fernandez Mort Downey Consulting, LLC California High-Speed Rail Authority government and the private sector to foster the development Department of Transportation, MTI delivers its classes over (TE 2017) of optimum surface transportation systems. Research areas in- a state-of-the-art videoconference network throughout General Manager and CEO Rose Guilbault (TE 2017) Beverley Swaim-Staley (TE 2019) Valley Transportation Board Member President clude: transportation security; planning and policy development; the state of California and via webcasting beyond, allowing Authority Peninsula Corridor Joint Powers Union Station Redevelopment interrelationships among transportation, land use, and the working transportation professionals to pursue an advanced Board (Caltrain) Corporation environment; transportation finance; and collaborative labor- degree regardless of their location. To meet the needs of Vice Chair, Grace Crunican (TE 2019) Ed Hamberger (Ex-Officio) Michael Townes* (TE 2017) management relations. Certified Research Associates conduct employers seeking a diverse workforce, MTI’s education General Manager President/CEO President the research. Certification requires an advanced degree, gener- program promotes enrollment to under-represented groups. Bay Area Rapid Transit District Association of American Railroads Michael S. Townes, LLC ally a Ph.D., a record of academic publications, and profession- Executive Director, Steve Heminger* (TE 2018) Marlene Turner, Ph.D. (Ex-Officio) al references. Research projects culminate in a peer-reviewed Information and Technology Transfer Karen Philbrick, Ph.D. Executive Director Interim Dean, College of Business Mineta Transportation Institute Metropolitan Transportation San José State University publication, available both in hardcopy and on TransWeb, MTI promotes the availability of completed research to San José State University Commission the MTI website (http://transweb.sjsu.edu). professional organizations and journals and works to integrate the research findings into the graduate education Education program. In addition to publishing the studies, the Institute Directors The educational goal of the Institute is to provide graduate-lev- also sponsors symposia to disseminate research results el education to students seeking a career in the development to transportation professionals and encourages Research and operation of surface transportation programs. MTI, through Associates to present their findings at conferences. The Karen Philbrick, Ph.D. Hilary Nixon, Ph.D. Ben Tripousis Executive Director Research and Technology World in Motion, MTI’s quarterly newsletter, covers National High-Speed Rail Connectivity Center San José State University, offers an AACSB-accredited Master of Transfer Director Science in Transportation Management and a graduate Certifi- innovation in the Institute’s research and education pro- Peter Haas, Ph.D. Asha Weinstein Agrawal, Ph.D. cate in Transportation Management that serve to prepare the na- grams. MTI’s extensive collection of transportation-related Education Director Brian Michael Jenkins National Transportation Finance Center tion’s transportation managers for the 21st century. The master’s publications is integrated into San José State University’s National Transportation Safety and Security Center degree is the highest conferred by the California State Univer- world-class Martin Luther King, Jr. Library. DISCLAIMER The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the information presented MNTRC herein. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation, University Transportation Centers Program and the California Department of Transportation, in the interest of information exchange. This report does not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the U.S. government, State of California, or the Mineta Transportation Institute, who assume no liability MINETA NATIONAL TRANSIT for the contents or use thereof. This report does not constitute a standard specification, design standard, or regulation. RESEARCH CONSORTIUM REPORT 12-74 THE CHALLENGE OF PROTECTING TRANSIT AND PASSENGER RAIL: UNDERSTANDING HOW SECURITY WORKS AGAINST TERRORISM Brian Michael Jenkins February 2017 A publication of Mineta Transportation Institute Created by Congress in 1991 College of Business San José State University San José, CA 95192-0219 TECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. CA-MTI-1130 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date The Challenge of Protecting Transit and Passenger Rail: Understanding How February 2017 Security Works Against Terrorism 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Authors 8. Performing Organization Report Brian Michael Jenkins MTI Report 12-74 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. Mineta Transportation Institute College of Business 11. Contract or Grant No. San José State University DTRT12-G-UTC21 San José, CA 95192-0219 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered California Department of Transportation U.S. Department of Transportation Final Report Division of Research, Innovation and Office of the Assistant Secretary for Systems Information Research and Technology 14. Sponsoring Agency Code MS-42, PO Box 942873 University Transportation Centers Program Sacramento, CA 94273-0001 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE Washington, DC 20590 15. Supplemental Notes 16. Abstract Terrorists see transit and passenger rail as an attractive target. Designed for public convenience, trains and stations offer terrorists easy access to crowds of people in confined environments where there are minimal security risks and attacks can cause high casualties. This report examines the unique attributes of the terrorist threat, how security measures against terrorism have evolved over the years, and their overall effectiveness. Does security work?
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Annual Assessment
    In SOUTH ASIA Annual Assessment 2015 Concerns over democracy and Asia’s eastern sea-front, it was a celebration year democratic concerns in South Asia after a smooth and successful conclusion of land- N Sathiya Moorthy border transfer with India. It was marred however by unending political violence from the previous ‘Modern democracy’, as the western colonial rulers year, attributed to the parliament elections of 2014. had practised and left behind, is still an issue in South Asia – including nations like Bhutan and In neighbouring India, the region’s largest nation in Nepal, which used to be ruled by the royalty, and every which way and the world’s largest democracy also the Indian Ocean archipelago, Maldives. had proved its democratic electoral credentials a Afghanistan, ruled by tribal war-lords for long, has year earlier. The year 2015 was witness to some of been getting a modicum of democracy, but not to the democratic fallouts, flowing from the levels required – it would seem. In the past years, ‘intolerance’ discourse, impacting on the image of these nations had taken to multi-party democracy as Prime Minister Narendra Modil and his fish to water, but issues remains not just in these government. Whether it also impacted on the results nations but also in others, where democracy had of the assembly polls in Delhi and Bihar, where been around for a longer period. Modi’s BJP lost, is a moot question. There are democracy issues in other nations of the The greatest of democracy stories in the region was region, as well – some finding solutions of reserved for Myanmar, where the military junta themselves, and others facing them, instead.
    [Show full text]
  • Afghanistan DECEMBER 2015
    Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Ministry of Counter Narcotics Ministry of Counter Narcotics Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, 1400 Vienna, Austria Banayee Bus Station, Jalalabad Main Road Tel.: (+43-1) 26060-0, Fax: (+43-1) 26060-5866, www.unodc.org 9th District, Kabul, Afghanistan Tel.: (+93) 799891851, www.mcn.gov.af AFGHANISTAN OPIUM SURVEY 2015 OPIUM SURVEY AFGHANISTAN Afghanistan Opium Survey 2015 Cultivation and Production DECEMBER 2015 Afghanistan Opium Survey 2015 ABBREVIATIONS AGE Anti-Government elements ANP Afghan National Police CNPA Counter Narcotics Police of Afghanistan GLE Governor-led eradication ICMP Illicit Crop Monitoring Programme (UNODC) ISAF International Security Assistance Force MCN Ministry of Counter-Narcotics UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The following organizations and individuals contributed to the implementation of the Afghanistan Opium Survey and to the preparation of this report: Ministry of Counter-Narcotics Prof. Salamat Azimi (Minister), Haroon Rashid Sherzad (Deputy Minister), Mohammad Ibrahim Azhar (Deputy Minister), Mohammad Osman Frotan (Director General Policy and Planning), Sayed Najibullah Ahmadi (Acting Director of Narcotics Survey Directorate), Humayon Faizzad (Provincial Affairs Director), Saraj Ahmad (Deputy Director of Narcotics Survey Directorate), Nasir Ahmad Karimi (Deputy Director of Narcotics Survey Directorate) Mohammad Ajmal Sultani (Statistical Data Analyst), Mohammad Hakim Hayat (GIS & Remote sensing analyst
    [Show full text]
  • Afghanistan Millennium Development Goals a Decade of Opportunities
    Afghanistan Millennium Development Goals A Decade of Opportunities 10 Years Report, 2005–2015 Afghanistan Millennium Development Goals A Decade of Opportunities 10 Years Report, 2005–2015 Contents Acknowledgements 7 Contents Abbreviations and acronyms 8 Progress legend 9 Foreword 11 Executive Summary 15 Afghanistan’s Millennium Development Goals 26 MDG 1 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 28 MDG 2 Achieve universal primary education 36 MDG 3 Promote gender equality and empower women 49 MDG 4 Reduce child mortality 67 MDG 5 Improve maternal health 77 MDG 6 Combat HIV, AIDS, malaria and other diseases 97 MDG 7 Ensure environmental sustainability 115 MDG 8 Develop a global partnership for development 123 MDG 9 Enhance security 137 Methodology 160 References 162 5 Acknowledgements The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 10 Years Report Task Force is a working group established from 18 Afghan government ministries and agencies Acknowledgements and 14 United Nations agencies. Without the direct and/or indirect contribution of the Task Force members, this report could not have been completed. The people who have contributed in the preparation and analysis of this report are gratefully appreciated, in alphabetical order: The Ministry of Economy’s MDGs team led by Mohammad Ismail Rahimi, General Directorate of Policy and Result-Based Monitoring, and his team, Ahmad Shakil Hazem, Acting Director of Economic Policy, and Khan Mohammad Alamyar, Sr. Poverty Analyst, as well as Jubair Ahmad Musazy and Fazelhaq, national technical consultants. Many
    [Show full text]
  • Violence Against Women in Afganistan: a Case of Nangarhar
    International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development Vol. 10, No. 2, 2021, E-ISSN: 2226-6348 © 2021 HRMARS Violence Against Women in Afganistan: A Case of Nangarhar Imran Zafarzai, Ahmad Shakib Zalmai To Link this Article: http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v10-i2/10673 DOI:10.6007/IJARPED/v10-i2/10673 Received: 04 May 2021, Revised: 26 May 2021, Accepted: 15 June 2021 Published Online: 20 July 2021 In-Text Citation: (Zafarzai & Zalmai, 2021) To Cite this Article: Zafarzai, I., & Zalmai, A. S. (2021). Violence Against Women in Afganistan: A Case of Nangarhar. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 10(2), 1096–1103. Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s) Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com) This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode Vol. 10(2) 2021, Pg. 1096 - 1103 http://hrmars.com/index.php/pages/detail/IJARPED JOURNAL HOMEPAGE Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://hrmars.com/index.php/pages/detail/publication-ethics 1096 International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development Vol. 10, No. 2, 2021, E-ISSN: 2226-6348 © 2021 HRMARS Violence Against Women in Afganistan: A Case of Nangarhar Imran Zafarzai Associate Professor Forensic Medicine Department, Medical faculty Nangarhar University, Afghanistan Email: [email protected] Ahmad Shakib Zalmai Assistant Professor Forensic Medicine Department, Medical faculty Nangarhar University, Afghanistan Email: [email protected] Abstract This study investigates violence against women in Nangarhar, Afghanistan.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Climate for Peace Briefing Note No
    A New Climate for Peace Briefing Note No. 13 Afghanistan Climate-Fragility Risk Brief July 2015 Afghanistan is a country where conflict and natural hazard-induced disasters interplay (Harris et al. 2013) and is one of the countries in the world most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change (UNEP News Center 2012). Droughts and flash floods are occurring at a faster pace, climate-related agricultural losses are increasing, and arable land and water resources are becoming scarcer. With a legacy of instability and conflict, the Afghan government’s limited capacity1 to cope with those impacts makes it harder for the population and for the country to bounce back from decades of war and escape the vicious cycle of poverty and fragility. Thirty-six percent of Afghans still live below the poverty line, and the country has one of the lowest average life expectancies (60 years) in Asia (UNDP 2014). Even though attention has focused on the insurgency2 against the government, violent conflict over access to natural resources has played a key role in the protracted conflict situation. Disputes over access to land are the most common cause of violent conflict in the country. Climate change, particularly through its associated impacts on land and water resources, is exacerbating some of the root causes of the existing conflict. Climate projections in Afghanistan The country is heavily reliant on unpredictable snow and rainfall for water supply. Long-term trend analysis has shown a decrease in average annual precipitation between 1960 and 2008, and an increase in average annual temperature by 0.6° C during the same period.
    [Show full text]
  • Daesh in Pakistan and Afghanistan: the Militant Marketplace Model
    Daesh in Pakistan and Afghanistan: The Militant Marketplace Model Julian Richards, University of Buckingham1 Abstract: In recent months, the Daesh (Islamic State) organisation has opened and new front and started to make its presence felt in the Afghanistan/Pakistan region, most notably in the shape of a number of terror attacks against Shia and other targets. Questions are increasingly being asked in the region about whether this is a passing phase, or a worrying and more permanent development. Analysts are also keen to establish how Daesh interacts with other, established militant groups in the region, in terms of causing splits and rifts in such groups as the “Pakistani Taliban” and the Ahl-e Hadees strand of militancy. Other key questions include how Daesh in the South Asia region reflects a strategic shift in global Daesh strategy more broadly, and the question of to which constituencies the group may target itself and gain support in the region. A “militant marketplace” model is proposed, which both helps to identify and describe how the group may fit into the complex and crowded picture of militancy in the Afghanistan/Pakistan region; and helps with assessments of how Daesh might fare in the coming months and years. Introduction The emergence of Islamic State (or Daesh) in South Asia is not without some historical and ideological rationale. It is alleged that the Prophet Muhammad once proclaimed2: When you see that black flags have appeared from Khurasan then join them because Allah’s Khalifa [messenger of God] Mahdi will be among them. This is indeed the rationale for black being the colour of many Islamist groups’ flags and emblems, and the colour of turbans and other clothing favoured by the likes of the Taliban and IS.
    [Show full text]
  • Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 08/30/2021 9:50:54 AM
    Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 08/30/2021 9:50:54 AM 08/27/21 Friday This material is distributed by Ghebi LLC on behalf of Federal State Unitary Enterprise Rossiya Segodnya International Information Agency, and additional information is on file with the Department of Justice, Washington, District of Columbia. What is the ‘Shadow Docket’ the US Supreme Court Uses to Fast-Forward Through Cases? by Morgan Artvukhina The Biden administration was handed two stinging defeats this week by lightning-fast US Supreme Court rulings on the eviction moratorium and the “wait in Mexico” immigration policy. Now, one of the court’s justices is speaking out about the mechanism behind such quick and increasingly consequential rulings: the shadow docket. “I can’t say never decide a shadow-docket thing,” Associate Justice Stephen Breyer told the New York Times on Friday. “Not ‘never.’ But be careful. And I’ve said that in print. I’ll probably say it more.” According to the American Bar Association, the term “shadow docket” was only coined in 2015, but as a practice goes back to the creation of the court in 1789, when the US Constitution was adopted. Essentially, the shadow docket is a mechanism by which the court can hand down decisions quickly, without going through the process of hearing oral arguments, receiving amici curiae filings, or having to write out lengthy philosophical tracts explaining the jurisprudence underpinning their decision. According to the Bar, the court only sparsely used the power before the 21st century, reserving it for “typically unremarkable scenarios” such as denying uncontroversial petitions for certiorari or emergency relief applications that clearly weren’t emergencies, or to grant parties more time to file briefs.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Developments in Afghanistan Committee On
    i [H.A.S.C. No. 113–88] RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN AFGHANISTAN COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED THIRTEENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION HEARING HELD MARCH 13, 2014 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 87–620 WASHINGTON : 2014 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, http://bookstore.gpo.gov. For more information, contact the GPO Customer Contact Center, U.S. Government Printing Office. Phone 202–512–1800, or 866–512–1800 (toll-free). E-mail, [email protected]. COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES ONE HUNDRED THIRTEENTH CONGRESS HOWARD P. ‘‘BUCK’’ MCKEON, California, Chairman MAC THORNBERRY, Texas ADAM SMITH, Washington WALTER B. JONES, North Carolina LORETTA SANCHEZ, California J. RANDY FORBES, Virginia MIKE MCINTYRE, North Carolina JEFF MILLER, Florida ROBERT A. BRADY, Pennsylvania JOE WILSON, South Carolina SUSAN A. DAVIS, California FRANK A. LOBIONDO, New Jersey JAMES R. LANGEVIN, Rhode Island ROB BISHOP, Utah RICK LARSEN, Washington MICHAEL R. TURNER, Ohio JIM COOPER, Tennessee JOHN KLINE, Minnesota MADELEINE Z. BORDALLO, Guam MIKE ROGERS, Alabama JOE COURTNEY, Connecticut TRENT FRANKS, Arizona DAVID LOEBSACK, Iowa BILL SHUSTER, Pennsylvania NIKI TSONGAS, Massachusetts K. MICHAEL CONAWAY, Texas JOHN GARAMENDI, California DOUG LAMBORN, Colorado HENRY C. ‘‘HANK’’ JOHNSON, JR., Georgia ROBERT J. WITTMAN, Virginia COLLEEN W. HANABUSA, Hawaii DUNCAN HUNTER, California JACKIE SPEIER, California JOHN FLEMING, Louisiana RON BARBER, Arizona MIKE COFFMAN, Colorado ANDRE´ CARSON, Indiana E. SCOTT RIGELL, Virginia CAROL SHEA-PORTER, New Hampshire CHRISTOPHER P. GIBSON, New York DANIEL B. MAFFEI, New York VICKY HARTZLER, Missouri DEREK KILMER, Washington JOSEPH J. HECK, Nevada JOAQUIN CASTRO, Texas JON RUNYAN, New Jersey TAMMY DUCKWORTH, Illinois AUSTIN SCOTT, Georgia SCOTT H.
    [Show full text]
  • Specific Determinants of Stillbirth Using Household Surveys: the Case of Afghanistan
    Received: 21 July 2018 | Revised: 12 November 2018 | Accepted: 21 November 2018 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12530 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Understanding country‐specific determinants of stillbirth using household surveys: The case of Afghanistan Aliki Christou1 | Michael J. Dibley1 | Mohammad Hafiz Rasooly2 | Adela Mubasher3 | Sayed Murtaza Sadat Hofiani2 | Mohammad Khakerah Rashidi4 | Patrick J. Kelly1 | Camille Raynes‐Greenow1 1Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Abstract Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Background: Stillbirth rates in Afghanistan have declined little in the past decade 2 Afghanistan National Public Health with no data available on key risk factors. Health care utilisation and maternal com‐ Institute, Ministry of Public Health, Kabul, Afghanistan plications are important factors influencing pregnancy outcomes but rarely captured 3World Health Organisation, Kabul, for stillbirth in national surveys from low‐ and middle‐income countries. The 2010 Afghanistan Afghanistan Mortality Survey (AMS) is one of few surveys with this information. 4Management Sciences for Health, Kabul, Afghanistan Methods: We used data from the 2010 AMS that included a full pregnancy history and verbal autopsy. Our sample included the most recent live birth or stillbirth of Correspondence Aliki Christou, Sydney School of Public 13 834 women aged 12‐49 years in the three years preceding the survey. Multivariable Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Poisson regression was used to identify sociodemographic, maternal, and health care NSW, Australia. Email: [email protected] utilisation risk factors for stillbirth. Results: The risk of stillbirth was increased among women in the Central Highlands Funding information Australian Postgraduate Award funded (aRR: 3.01, 95% CI 1.35, 6.70) and of Nuristani ethnicity (aRR: 9.15, 95% CI 2.95, through the Australian Commonwealth 28.74).
    [Show full text]
  • Achieving Maternal and Child Health Gains in Afghanistan: a Countdown to 2015 Country Case Study by Akseer Et Al., 2016
    Commentary Page 1 of 4 Achieving maternal and child health gains in Afghanistan: a Countdown to 2015 country case study by Akseer et al., 2016. Lancet Glob Health 2016;4:e395-413 Agbessi Amouzou, Jennifer Requejo, Lois Park, David H. Peters Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA Correspondence to: Agbessi Amouzou. Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. Email: [email protected]. Received: 16 September 2016; Accepted: 25 September 2016; Published: 09 January 2017. doi: 10.21037/jphe.2016.12.18 View this article at: http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jphe.2016.12.18 Akseer and her colleagues recently published a seminal paper assessment of progress. Countries ideally assessed more than in the Lancet Global Health that adds to the compelling evidence one RMNCH outcome, and distilled lessons learned and of progress in reproductive, maternal, newborn and child recommendations for action that are potentially generalizable health (RMNCH) in the past few decades, even in countries to other settings. Countdown to 2015 was a global initiative such as Afghanistan that are burdened by chronic conflict, to track, stimulate and support country progress towards rampant poverty and large health inequalities (1). The article achieving the health related MDGs, particularly goals 4 highlights how Afghanistan confronted challenges of a (reduce child mortality) and 5 (improve maternal health). fragmented, deteriorating and gender segregated health It specifically focused on tracking coverage of a core set of system established by the fundamentalist Taliban regime evidence-based interventions proven to reduce maternal, during their reign between 1994 and 2001, and continued newborn and child mortality in the 75 countries where over insecurity and disruptions from frequent insurgencies by 95% of maternal and child deaths occur (3).
    [Show full text]
  • Women and Public Policy Journal September 29, 2015
    Organization for Policy Research and Development Studies (DROPS) Wazir Akbar Khan St#15, Lane#1 (left), House#453 Kabul, Afghanistan E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.dropsafghanistan.org Copyright © Organization for Policy Research and Development Studies (DROPS) No part of this publication may be reproduced or stored, in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, or otherwise, without permission of the Editor of the Journal. DROPS Vol. 1 2014-2015 Organization for Policy Research and Development Studies (DROPS) Printed by MUSLIM Group, Sello Road, Kart-e-Mamorin, Kabul, Afghanistan. Women and Public Policy Journal Volume 1 – 2014|2015 Contents Preface i Editor’s Note iv A Decade of Democratic Governance in Afghanistan: Has it Been 1 Responsive to the Afghan Citizens? By Rahela H. Sidiqi Outbound Health Tourism and its Impact on Healthcare in 22 Afghanistan By Freshta Karim Women’s Roles and Perspectives in the Security Sector in 38 Afghanistan By Fazila Rahimy Afghanistan: The Looming Spectre of HIV? 66 By Fatema Ahmadi Policy Points for the Decade of Transformation: Afghanistan’s 73 Political, Security and Economic Future By Mariam Safi Supporting Civil Society in Afghanistan Post: 2014: How can 88 SAARC Fill the Vacuum? By Freshta Zarabi The Role of Youth in Combating Corruption in Afghanistan 104 By Mariam Wardak Security and Economic Concerns: Factors Impacting Migration 113 Trends Amongst Afghanistan’s Growing Young Adult population By Maha Khalili Sartip Higher Education for Afghan Women: The Road to 127 Transformation By Roya Ibrahimi Book Review: The Wrong Enemy - America in Afghanistan 2001- 137 2014 by Carlotta Gall By Lailuma Nasiri Women and Public Policy Journal i PREFACE THE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE OF DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE IN AFGHANISTAN On 08 September 2000, representatives of 189 countries attending the UN Millennium Summit signed the UN Millennium Declaration.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate and Water Resources Variation in Afghanistan and the Need for Urgent Adaptation Measures
    International Journal of Food Science and Agriculture, 2020, 4(1), 49-64 http://www.hillpublisher.com/journals/jsfa/ ISSN Online: 2578-3475 ISSN Print: 2578-3467 Climate and Water Resources Variation in Afghanistan and the Need for Urgent Adaptation Measures M. Najim. Nasimi 1*, Jay Sagin 2, N. T. S. Wijesekera 3 1 Lecturer, Kabul Polytechnic University, Afghanistan 2 Professor, Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan 3 Senior Professor, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka How to cite this paper: Nasimi, M. N., Sagin, Abstract J., Wijesekera, N. T. S. (2020) Climate and Water Resources Variation in Afghanistan and Climate changes due to anthropogenic distortions to the environment are the Need for Urgent Adaptation Measures. increasing worldwide, and also throughout Afghanistan. Effects on Water International Journal of Food Science and resources reflected by the intensification of floods and droughts cause Agriculture, 4(1), 49-64. DOI: 10.26855/ijfsa.2020.03.009 emergency situations in Afghanistan. In this research, we have reviewed the changes of climate factors and their impact on the water resources in Received: January 28, 2020 Afghanistan. Meteorological data, including temperature, precipitation, Accepted: February 17, 2020 streamflow data, glacier monitoring data were collected and used to analyze Published: March 5, 2020 the changes reflected in precipitation, surface water, glacier melting, and *Corresponding author: M. Najim. Nasimi, groundwater resource. Temperatures of winter seasons in one decade starting Lecturer, Kabul Polytechnic University, from 2007 to 2017 had increased from 0.9 ℃ to 2.5 ℃. The summer season . Afghanistan temperature had increased from 0.5 ℃ to 1.2 ℃. These show that the Email: [email protected] winter periods are getting warmer when compared to the temperature of the summer periods.
    [Show full text]