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Lipid Class Composition of Oysters, Crassostrea Virginica, Exposed to Sediment-Associated Pahs

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Lipid Class Composition of Oysters, Crassostrea Virginica, Exposed to Sediment-Associated Pahs W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1996 Lipid Class Composition of Oysters, Crassostrea virginica, Exposed to Sediment-Associated PAHs Tong Li College of William and Mary - Virginia Institute of Marine Science Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Fresh Water Studies Commons, Natural Resources and Conservation Commons, and the Oceanography Commons Recommended Citation Li, Tong, "Lipid Class Composition of Oysters, Crassostrea virginica, Exposed to Sediment-Associated PAHs" (1996). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539617705. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.25773/v5-33kn-rr63 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LIPID CLASS COMPOSITION OF OYSTERS, CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA , EXPOSED TO SEDIMENT-ASSOCIATED PAHS A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the School of Marine Science The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Arts by Tong Li 1996 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts / / ^ Tong Li Approved, November 1996 Fu-Lin E. Chu, Ph.D. Committee Chair/Advisor ksiA.i<IF(71 i.oy.H' Kenneth L. Webb, Ph.D. (//Robert^HDiaz, Ph.D.// Elizabeth A. Canuel, Ph.D. / Robert C. Hale, Ph.D DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my parents, Dr. Jinfeng Sun and Mr. Yusong Li, my grandmother, Ms Guilan Liu and my brother, Mr. Ge Li, for their love and support these years. TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ....................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES............................................................... ix ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ xvi INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 3 OBJECTIVE AND SIGNIFICANCE ..................................................................... 15 NULL HYPOTHESIS TO BE TESTED ................................................................ 16 MATERIALS AND METHODS Preparation of sediment ...................................................................................... 17 Oysters ................................................................................................................. 18 Experiments .......................................................................................................... 18 Lipid Analysis ................................................................................................ 20 Reproductive activity examination .............................................................. 22 Protein Analysis ............................................................................................. 22 Condition Index ................................................................................................... 23 Statistical Analysis ......................................................................................... 23 iv RESULTS Lipids ............................................................................................................. 25 Protein ........................................................................................................... 31 Reproductive Activity .................................................................................... 34 Condition Index .............................................................................................. 35 DISCUSSION ...................................................................................................... 92 APPENDIX............................................................................................................ 101 LITERATURE CITED........................................................................................ 110 VITA .................................................................................................................... 116 v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my major advisor, Dr. Fu-Lin Chu. Without her help, guidance, and support I could not have completed my thesis. Thanks are also due to my other committee members, Dr. Kenneth Webb, Dr. Robert Diaz, Dr. Elizabeth Canuel and Dr. Robert Hale, for their guidance and support during these three years. I also would like to thank the people in my laboratory, Dr. Aswini Volety, Mrs Georgeta Constantin, Dr. Sureyya Ozikzilcik, and Mr. Tim Lingenfelser, for making my study in VIMS a very pleasant experience. All my friends, Renee, Ing Wei, Alessandra, Guan Hong, Jian Shen, Min Guo, Kewen, Zhaoqing and Becky, have been giving me great help and support, I would like to thank them for their friendship. Finally, I would like to thank the personnel in publication center and library for their assistance althrough my tenure at VIMS. LIST OF TABLES Page TABLE 1 :................................................................................................................. 36 Time schedule for oyster maintainance in the experiments TABLE 2 : .................................................................................................................. 37 Changes in adductor muscle lipid levels in Experiment 1 TABLE 3:.................................................................................................................. 38 Changes in digestive gland lipid levels in Experiment 1 TABLE 4 : ................................................................................................................. 39 Changes in mantle lipid levels in Experiment 1 TABLE 5 :................................................................................................................. 40 Changes in plasma lipid levels in Experiment 2 TABLE 6 :................................................................................................................. 41 Changes in adductor muscle lipid levels in Experiment 2 TABLE 7 : ................................................................................................................. 42 Changes in lipid levels in digestive diverticula (including gonadal tissue) in Experiment 2 TABLE 8 : ................................................................................................................. 43 Changes in mantle lipid levels in Experiment 2 TABLE 9 :................................................................................................................. 44 Changes in protein levels in Experiment 1 TABLE 10:............................................................................................................... 45 Changes in protein levels in Experiment 2 TABLE 11:................................................................................................................ 46 Reproductive products observed in oysters after PAH exposure (days): TABLE 12:............................................................................................................... 47 Changes of oyster condition index (Experiment 1) or relative condition index (Experiment 2) in the experiments vii LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 1 ................................................................................................................. Tissue and plasma lipid and protein contents in control oysters in Experiment 1 (Exp.l) and Experiment 2 (Exp.2) (mean ± standard error mean). Tissue lipids are in mg/g, plasma lipids are in /ig/ml. TL=total lipid, PL=phospholipid, PROT=protein, TAG=triglycerol, WE=wax ester, FFA=free fatty acid. Appendix 2 ................................................................................................................ Tissue and plasma lipid and protein contents in Dose 1 (60pg PAHs/oyster) in Experiment 1 (Exp.l) and Experiment 2 (Exp.2) (mean ± standard error mean). Tissue lipids are in mg/g, plasma lipids are in A^g/ml. TL=total lipid, PL=phospholipid, PROT=protein, TAG=triglycerol, WE=wax ester, FFA=free fatty acid. Appendix 3 ................................................................................................................ Tissue and plasma lipid and protein contents in Dose 2 (60pg PAHs/oyster) in Experiment 1 (Exp.l) and Experiment 2 (Exp.2) (mean ± standard error mean). Tissue lipids are in mg/g, plasma lipids are in jug/ml. TL=total lipid, PL=phospholipid, PROT=protein, TAG=triglycerol, WE=wax ester, FFA=free fatty acid. LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1........................................................................................................................ 48 A chromatogram of the six lipid standards, x axis is the retention time of each lipid class from the origin, y axis is the relative percentage of each lipid class comparing to the highest peak. The six peaks are (from left to right): wax ester, triacylglycerol, free fatty acid, fatty alcohol, sterol and phospholipid. Figure 2......................... .............................................................................................. 49 Plasma total lipid concentrations in oysters exposed to control
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