Heat Pumps in District Heating and Cooling Systems – Case studies
Institute of Building Technology and Energy IGE Center for Integrated Building Technology Diego Hangartner Research Associate
T direct +41 41 349 39 78 [email protected] Aalborg 12.11.2018
4th District Heating and Cooling Conference in Aalborg Denmark Why district heating? CO2- emissions
Renewable Energy
Economically Local profitable source End user
Slide 2, 14.12.2018 Source picture: Photo LaPresse Situation in Europe
Percentage of citizens served by district heating 100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Source: www.euroheat.org/news/district-energy-in-the-news/top-district-heating-countries-euroheat-power-2015-survey-analysis/ Slide 3, 14.12.2018
District Heating Systems – Potential in Switzerland 2014 Heat Source Theoretical Economical Potential of thermal networks in Switzerland until 2050 Potential Potential März [TWh/a] [TWh/a] , , TWh/a Waste Incineration 5.7 3.6
85 pauli Waste heat industry 3.6 Not assigned Retrofit und Groundwater 12.2 1.9
45 Wastewater plant 7.7 1.9
eicher Lakes 97.0 5.1 , , 100% Rivers 21.3 1.8 17 38% Wood 20.5 1.7 ground water, lake, river 0 Geothermal 70.0 1.3
Fernwärme 2010 2050 Total 238.0 17.3
Weissbuch
T. et al., al., T. et
Sres Source: Source:
Slide 4, 14.12.2018 Heat pumps – Applications in DHC Systems
POSITION: Source Distribution, generation Nutzer
11°C 70°C 70°C Ambiant heat Ground water CENTRAL 8°C 50°C 50°C
Source Distribution, generation Nutzer
11°C 35°C 35 °C 70°C Ambiant heat CENTRAL/ Ground water 8°C 28°C 28°C 50°C DECENTRAL
Source Distribution, generation Nutzer
4°C 8°C 8 °C 70°C Ambiant heat CENTRAL/ Lake water 2°C 4°C 4°C 50°C DECENTRAL
Source Distribution, generation Nutzer
10°C 10°C 70°C Ambiant heat Ground water DECENTRAL 7°C 7°C 50°C
Slide 5, 14.12.2018 Case project – Rheinfelden-Mitte (Brewery Feldschlösschen)
- AEW Energie AG / Wärmeverbund Rheinfelden Mitte AG
- Residential, offices, restaurants, commercial buildings of Rheinfelden.
- 9.7 GWh/a (Heating + DHW)
- 5.9 MW power installed
- Ammonia HP 2 x 1 MW / COP=3.4
- Source: industrial waste heat
- TNetwork: 70/80 °C and 50 °C.
- Investments: 20.5 Mio. CHF
Slide 6, 14.12.2018 Case Project – Bulle, «Jardins de la Pâla»
- EKZ Contracting SA
- 65’000 m2 Residential + Commercial
- 3’100 MWh/a (Heating + DHW)
- 650 MWh/a Cooling demand
- 2 MW power installed (in total)
- Two-stage HP per house / COP=4.1
- Source: Ground water
- TNetwork: between 4 °C and 17 °C.
- Investments: 6 Mio. CHF
Slide 7, 14.12.2018 Programm «Thermal Networks» - Classification of networks
Thermal networks 2018 März , SCCER, EnFK High temperature Low temperature
Heating Pre-Heating Cooling
60°C Limit DHW-preparation
5th Generation? heat Limit 30°C
of Direct heating Value Value 20°C Limit Direct cooling
0°C Freezing point
H2O Case 1 60°C Case 2 30°C Case 3 20°C Case 4 0°C
Slide 8, 14.12.2018 Network temperature (warm pipe) Quelle: Ködel et al., Grundlagen Grundlagen Quelle:al., etKödel und Erläuterungen zu thermischen Netzen, Heat pumps
Slide 9, 14/12/2018 Power range of heat pumps sold in Switzerland in kW
82% < 20 kW
sold 97% < 50 kW
units
of of Number
kW
Source: https://www.fws.ch/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/FWS_Statistiken_2017_V2.pdf
Slide 10, 14/12/2018 IEA Annex 47 – Heat Pumps in DHC Systems
- Participating Countries: - Denmark (Lead, Svend Vinther Pedersen) - Sweden - Austria - Switzerland - Great Britain
- Task 1. Market potential
- Task 2. Description of existing systems
- Task 3. Concepts/solutions
- Task 4. Implementation barriers
- Task 5. Dissemination
Source: http://heatpumpingtechnologies.org/annex47/
Slide 11, 14.12.2018 Supply and return temperatures of DH – Case Austria
Source: Büchele R., „Bewertung des Potenzials für den Einsatz der hocheffizienten KWK und Slide 12.14.12.2018 effizienter Fernwärme- und Fernkälteversorgung, Endbericht,“ Wien, 2015. Heat pumps – Application possibilities in thermal networks Increase the capacity of the Source Distribution Users
68°C 65°C Wood Own network 45°C 50°C
Source Distribution Users
68°C 65°C Wood Other networks 45°C 50°C
Other users Slide 13, 14.12.2018 District heating Tamsweg – Using return temperatures as heat source
- Increase network capacity
- Improve efficiency of burner due to better flue gas condensation
- 20 % more energy out of the same amount of wood
- 0.9 MW heat pump, COP 6
Source: Kronberger, B., 2015
Slide 14, 14/12/2018 Heat pumps in thermal networks - Summary
- Heat pumps key technology
- Efficiency improvement and CO2-reductions
- More application possibilities
Heat source Application Power range Temp. range Delta T
Ground water Central lift > 1 MW 11°C to 70°C 60 K
Ground water Decentral lift 100 kW – 1 MW 11°C to 65°C 55 K
Lake water Central low temp. lift > 1 MW 4°C to 8°C 4 K
Return DH Central or decentral 100 kW – 1 MW 50°C to 70°C 20 K
- Still technical and social-economical barriers to overcome! - Availability products - «New» technology
Slide 15, 14.12.2018 Thank you for your support and attention!
Annex 47 https://heatpumpingtechnologies.org/annex47/
Programm www.energieschweiz.ch/thermische-netze «Thermal Networks»
Slide 16, 14.12.2018