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Repositório Institucional Da Universidade De Brasília Repositorio.Unb.Br Repositório Institucional da Universidade de Brasília repositorio.unb.br Este artigo está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial 4.0 Internacional. Você tem direito de: Compartilhar — copiar e redistribuir o material em qualquer suporte ou formato. Adaptar — remixar, transformar, e criar a partir do material. De acordo com os termos seguintes: Atribuição — Você deve dar o crédito apropriado, prover um link para a licença e indicar se mudanças foram feitas. Você deve fazê-lo em qualquer circunstância razoável, mas de maneira alguma que sugira ao licenciante a apoiar você ou o seu uso Não Comercial — Você não pode usar o material para fins comerciais. Sem restrições adicionais — Você não pode aplicar termos jurídicos ou medidas de caráter tecnológico que restrinjam legalmente outros de fazerem algo que a licença permita. 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Esta licença está disponível em: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Acta Botanica Brasilica 28(4): 519-526. 2014. doi: 10.1590/0102-33062014abb2993 Woody vegetation dynamics in a floodplain campo de murundus in central Brazil José Roberto Rodrigues Pinto1,5, Henrique Augusto Mews2, Halina Soares Jancoski3, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon4 and Bárbara de Oliveira Bomfim3 Received: February 1, 2013. Accepted: April 29, 2014 ABSTRACT Campos de murundus (grasslands dotted with knolls that are covered with savanna-like woody vegetation) are a common landscape in central Brazil. In this study, we assessed for the first time the dynamics of the vegetation in a floodplain campo de murundus, describing changes in composition and structure of the woody vegetation. In 2005, we established 16 permanent 25 × 25 m plots, where we identified and mapped individuals with a trunk diameter at the base ≥ 2.86 cm, as well as measuring the height of those individuals. In 2008 (after two fire events), we resampled the plots. In 2005, we had registered 4.54 m2 ha-1 of basal area, 430 individuals, 42 species, 36 genera and 24 families. In 2008, we found an increase in basal area (to 4.65 m2 ha-1) and a decrease in numbers of individuals (to 399), spe- cies (to 41), genera (to 35) and families (to 23). Species diversity did not differ between the two surveys. Mortality exceeded recruitment (2.68% year-1 vs. 1.29% year-1). Nevertheless, the community showed a gain in basal area owing to the growth of surviving individuals and, particularly, to the rise in the number of basal sprouts. We argue that the small floristic turnover may be related to the great resilience of the woody vegetation, whereas the structural changes might reflect the effects of the burnings in the area. Key words: earth mounds, fire, mortality, recruitment, savanna Introduction Sano et al. 2008), there have been few temporal dynamics studies of these formations. Important studies in areas of cerrado sensu stricto (Brazilian savanna) include those An adequate description of the current situation of conducted by Felfili et al. (2000), Henriques & Hay (2002), native vegetation remnants and temporal changes due to Fiedler et al. (2004), Libano & Felfili (2006), Aquino et al. natural and anthropic factors is part of research priorities to (2007), Roitman et al. (2008), Lima et al. (2009), Mews et subsidize future efforts for conserving biodiversity. In this al. (2011) and Ribeiro et al. (2012). Those studies com- context, dynamics studies can produce detailed assessments prised the cerrado sensu stricto on deep soil. However, none of mortality, recruitment, growth and regeneration, which investigated temporal changes in the woody vegetation of may further the understanding of ecological processes other savanna systems of the Cerrado Biome, such as the driving community and ecosystem functioning (Korning floodplain campo de murundus (CM), which is subject to & Balslev 1994; Oliveira-Filho et al. 1997; Sheil et al. 2000; hyperseasonal climate marked by distinct flooding and dry Felfili et al. 2000; Henriques & Hay 2002; Pinto & Hay periods (Cianciaruso & Batalha 2009), as well as by a intense 2005; Aquino et al. 2007; Mews et al. 2011; Ribeiro et al. fire regime (Marimon et al. 2008; 2012). 2012). In addition, vegetation dynamics studies contribute Also known as parque de cerrado (sensu Ribeiro & to conservation initiatives by subsidizing strategies for Walter 2008), CM is a vegetation formation that is still management and restoration ecology, because they allow poorly studied (Marimon et al. 2012). It is characterized by species behavior to be evaluated in natural environments woody vegetation on murundus (earth mounds) dispersed (Aquino et al. 2007). in a grassland matrix in floodplains (Oliveira-Filho 1992a; Despite the fact that savanna accounts for most of the 1992b). The spatial distribution, physical characteristics and landscape in the Cerrado Biome of Brazil (MMA 2007; biological characteristics of CMs reflect the seasonal flood 1 Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Brasília, DF, Brazil 2 Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil 3 Universidade de Brasília, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Florestais, Brasília, DF, Brazil 4 Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil 5 Author for correspondence: [email protected] José Roberto Rodrigues Pinto, Henrique Augusto Mews, Halina Soares Jancoski, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon and Bárbara de Oliveira Bomfi m pulse (Silva et al. 2010; Marimon et al. 2012), acting as the Material and methods main environmental filter in the dichotomy between her- baceous and woody vegetation (Oliveira-Filho 1992b; Ma- Study area rimon et al. 2012). In general, the plains and smaller earth mounds are populated by herbaceous-subshrub vegetation, whereas woody savanna vegetation populates larger mounds The study was conducted in an area of CM (12°02’29.3”S; (Araújo Neto et al. 1986; Furley 1986; Oliveira-Filho 1992a, 50°43’49.7”W; elevation, 194.6 m) in ASP (Fig. 1), mu- 1992b; Ponce & Cunha 1993; Resende et al. 2004; Ribeiro & nicipality of Novo Santo Antônio, northeastern Mato Walter 2008; Silva et al. 2010; Marimon et al. 2012). Grosso (Marimon et al. 2012). The park comprises an area According to Marimon et al. (2008; 2012), the most ex- of 223,619.5 hectares, bordered by the das Mortes River tensive areas of CM occur in the Araguaia River floodplain, on the west, the Araguaia River on the east, the mouth of also known as the Bananal Sedimentary Plain or Pantanal the Mortes River on the north (Fig. 1) and the Água Bela do Araguaia (Marimon & Lima 2001), the largest continu- Farm on the south (Marimon et al. 2008). The climate of ous area of preserved CM being within Araguaia State Park the region is type Aw in the Köppen classification system, (ASP), located in the northeastern part of the state of Mato characterized by well-defined dry and rainy periods, with Grosso, Brazil. The authors demonstrated that the areas of an average annual temperature of 25.7-27.3°C and average CM in ASP are subjected to water stress related to climate annual rainfall ranging of 1,800-1,200 mm (Marimon & seasonality, as well as to cattle trampling, cattle farming, Lima 2001; Marimon et al. 2008). and anthropogenic burning for pastureland management. Soils in the plains portion of the CM are seasonally Here, we investigated changes in the woody vegetation floodable, following the main flooding regime in the region of an area of CM, aiming at describing, for the first time, (Marimon et al. 2008). The dominant soils in the plains variations in the floristic composition and structure of the portion are Dystrophic Argiluvic Plinthosols with fer- woody vegetation over time, after fires occurring in two ruginous concretions, whereas the soils of the mounds are consecutive years. To that end, we attempted to determine Dystrophic Cambic and Dystroferric Plinthic Brown Oxisols how CM woody vegetation responds to consecutive burning (RadamBrasil 1981). The CM in ASP presents deep and events, in terms of temporal changes in floristic composition poorly drained soils, such as hydromorphic Plinthosols, a and structure, and how the woody species populations of dystrophic and strongly to moderately acidic soil (Marimon the CM respond to this disturbance. et al. 2012). Figure 1. Location of the study area and distribution of the 16 plots of 25 × 25 m in the campo de murundus sampled in Araguaia State Park, in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. 520 Acta bot. bras. 28(4): 519-526. 2014. Woody vegetation dynamics in a fl oodplain campo de murundus in central Brazil Although the ASP is a fully protected conservation area, the diversity profiles using the bootstrapping option based its areas of CM are commonly used as natural pasture, being on 2000 replicates. Diversity profiles and 95% confidence burned annually for pastureland management (Marimon intervals were calculated using PAST 2.15 (Hammer et al. et al. 2008). After the first survey (in 2005), the area was 2001). We also used Czekanowski’s quantitative coefficient burned in July 2006 and August 2007, both during the peak (Sc) (Kent & Coker 1992) to compare the floristic similarity of the dry season. among surveys.
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