Speech to Text: Today and Tomorrow. Proceedings of a Conference at Gallaudet University (Washington, D.C., September, 1988)
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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 316 979 EC 230 035 AUTHOR Harkins, Judith E., Ed.; Virvan, Barbara M., Ed. TITLE Speech to Text: Today and Tomorrow. Proceedings of a Conference at Gallaudet University (Washington, D.C., September, 1988). GRI Monograh Series B, No. 2. INSTITUTION Gallaudet Research Inst., Washington, DC. SPONS AGENCY National Inst. on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (ED/OSERS), Washington, DC. PUB DATE Jul 89 GRANT G0086C3522 NOTE 236p. AVAILABLE FROMScientific Communications Program, Gallaudet Research Institute, 800 Florida Ave., N.E., Washington, DC 20002 ($15 00). PUB TYPE Collected Works - Conference Proceedings (021) -- Reports - Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MFO1 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS *Assistive Devices (for Disabled); *Captions; *Communication Aids (for Disabled); Computers; *Deafness; Demonstration Programs' Electronic Equipment; Microcomputers; Telecommunications; *Telephone Communications Systems IDENTIFIERS *Automatic Speech Recognition; Real Time Captioning; Telecommunication Devices for the Deaf; Telephone Relay Services ABSTRACT The conference proceedings contains 23 papers on telephone relay service, real-time captioning, and automatic speech recognition, and a glossary. The keynote address, by Representative Major R. Owens, examines 'urrent issues in federal legislation. Other papers have the following titles and authors: "Telephone Relay Service: Rationale and Overview" (Paul Taylor); "Overview of State-Regulated Relay Services" (Sheila Conlon-Mentkowski); "TDD Relay Services Across the United States" (David Baquis); "Recent Federal Activity Regarding Relay Service" (Karen Strauss); "The Process of Establishing State-Mandated Relay Services" (Michael Hurst); "Dual Party Relay Service: An Analysis of Funding Mechanisms" (Pamela Ransom); "California Relay Service" (Phyllis Shapiro); "Relay Service for Text Telephone Customers in Sweden" (Borje Nilsson); "Opening a World of Communications for Deaf People: Relay Service in Canada" (Robert Tolensky); "Nationwide TDD Relay Standards: Partners in Progess" (Paul Singleton); "Planning for Statewide Relay Services" (Joseph Heil, Jr.); "Captioning for Deaf People: An Historical Overview" (Malcolm Norwood); "Real-Time Captioning: The Current Technology" (Jeff Hutchins); "Real-Time Captioning: Training and Employment" (William Oliver); "Captioning as an Interpretive Medium" (William Cutler); "Real-Time Captioning in Education" (E. Ross Stuckless); "Automatic Speech Recognition: The Basics" (James Glenn); "Applying ASR to Communication between Deaf and Hearing People" (Judith Harkins); "Applications of Speech Recognition Technology in Rehabilitation" (Jared Bernstein); and "Automatic Speech Recognition of Impaired Speech" (Gloria Carlson and Jared Bernstein). (DR) I' .TEXT: TopAY:A.Np:-TR.Ov(:: aConfere e .at .04114tidt..un-hiersity 1 . 0 1 g 41. .'4 ' '$ I (Wed, by ,Judith, j1 Iarkifv, e anaiarbard M. Virvan hrloir)gy Aysu.s.s'Tfil Progidt» N p5 SPEECHTOTEXT: I 176 : TODAYANDTOMORROW el) II I Proceedings of a Conference 1- at Gallaudet University 1 u September, 1988 lc° Edited by Judith E. Harkins and Barbara M. Virvan 111 Technology Assessment Program '.E I GRI Monograph Series B, No. 2 I Gallaudet Research Institute Gallaudet University This project received substantial support from the U.S. Department of Education, National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research I (Cooperative Agreement No. G0086C3522) 0 GRI Publication Series and Periodicals GRI MONOGRAPH SERIES A is a series of peer-reviewed scientific publications (usually single treatises) which includes, among other things, lengthy articles and reports of studies. GRI MONOGRAPH SERIES B is a series of various types of research-related publications including proceedings, bibliographies, and collections of papers that have undergone external review. The GRI WORKING PAPER SERIES is a series of research publications produced in-house that includes works-in-progress, position papers, and other publications for which timely release is an important consideration. RESEARCH AT GALLAUDET is a periodical produced three times annually by the GRI that describes current projects, publications, and events at Gallaudet related to researchon deafness and deaf people. The publication focuses primarily on GRI activities, but also reports on other research projects and presentations taking place at Gallaudet. A TRADITION OF DISCOVERY: THE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE GALLAUDET RESEARCH INSTITUTE includes summaries of the Gill's current projects, their respective personnel, collaborators, and funding sources, as well as a report on GRI-sponsored activities and visiting scholars. A portion of the book is devoted to the annual report of the Office of Sponsored Programs, a unit of Graduate Studies and Research which assists campus personnel in seeking extramural funding. Copyright© July 1989, Gallaudet Research Institute Gallaudet University, Washington, D.C. The Gallaudet Research Institute is pleased to disseminate the information and perspectives contained in its Working Paperseries. The opinions expressed here are those of the author and donot necessarily reflect the views of the Gallaudet Research Instituteor of Gallaudet University. Persons interested in obtaining additional copies of this document or of the Gallaudet Research Institute periodical Research at Gallaudet may write to: Scientific Communications Program Gallaudet Research Institute Gallaudet University CoverPhoto: 800 Florida Avenue, N.B. Sheila Conlott-Mentkowski, Washington, D.C. 20002 NorCal Center for Law and the Deaf In Memoriam The Proceedings of Speech to Text: Today and Tomorrow are dedicated to the memory of MALCOLM NORWOOD, PH.D. March 16, 1927 to March 22, 1989 Mac Norwood, a man of great warmth and understanding, was known by many as the father of closed captioning." He had the vision, dedication, and ability to make closed captioned television a reality, and nurtured its development for the last two decades of his life. Mac served as an advisor, author, and speaker at the Speech to Text conference.It is with gratitude for his help and for his life's work that we dedicate this volume to him. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1111111111111=1111V 4111111U1111111111111111111 DEDICATION page iii INTRODUCTION page 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS page 3 KEYNOTE ADDRESS page 5 TELEPHONE RELAY SERVICE page 9 Telephone Relay Service:Rationale and Overview by Paul Taylor page 11 Overview of State-Regulated Relay Services by Sheila Conlon-Mentkowski page 19 TDD Relay Services Across the United States by David Baquis page 25 Recent Federal Activity Regarding Relay Service by Karen Peitz Strauss page 45 The Process of Establishing State-Mandated Relay Services by Michael Hurst page 53 Dual Party Relay Service: An Analysis of Funding Mechanisms by Pamela Ransom page 59 Panel: Financing Models in State Programs Pamela Ransom, Stuart Brackney, Jack Levesque, and Kathy Woods page 73 California Relay Service by Phyllis Shapiro page 85 Relay Service for Text Telephone Customers in Sweden by Bode Nilsson page 89 Opening a World of Communications for Deaf People: Relay Service in Canada by Robert Tolensky page 101 Nationwide TDD Relay Standards:Partners in Progress by Paul Singleton page 107 Panel: Relay Service Operations Phyllis Shapiro, Bode Nilsson, Robert Tolensky, and Esther Schaeffer page 111 Planning for Statewide Relay Service by Joseph B. Heil, Jr. page 119 More Questions and Answers on Telephone Relay Service page 127 Speech to Text: Today and Tomorrow REAL-TIME CAPTIONING page 131 Captioning for Deaf People: An Historical Overview by Malcolm Norwood page 133 Real-Time Captioning: The Current Technology by Jeff Hutchins page 139 Real-Time Captioning: Training and Employment by William Oliver page 143 Captioning as an Interpretive Medium by William Cutler page 149 Presentation: Real-Time Captioning in Education b' Ross Stuck less page 153 More iesdons and Answers on Real-time Captioning page 157 AUTOMATIC SPEECH RECOGNITION page 161 Automatic Speech Recognition: The Basics by James Glenn page 163 Presentation: Applying ASR to Communication between Deaf andHearing People by Judith E. Harkins page 175 Applications of Speech Recognition Technology in Rehabilitation by Jared Bernstein sage 181 Automatic Speech Recognition of Impaired Speech by Gloria Stevens Carlson and Jared Bernstein page 189 More Questions and Answers on Automatic Speech Recognition page 193 GLOSSARY page 195 CONFERENCE SPEAKER LIST page 201 CONFERENCE ExmerroR LIST page 205 CONFERENCE PARTICIPANT LIST page 207 vi INTRODUCTION IIMNIMMOMMIVIZNYOUSTMAIIMMINVOI Judith E. Harkins* involves stenography and special computerSysteraF, It is with great pleasure that the Technology Automatic speech recognition technology is cornpletcly Assessment Program (TAP) of the Gallaudet Research separate from both of these two aveas, involving Institute presents the Proceedings of the conference, different companies, scientific centers, and periodical "Speech to Text: Today and Tomorrow." This four-day literature.It is no wonder that consumers have a conference, the first of its kind, was heldon the difficult time finding relevant, accurate, and up -to -date campus of Gallaudet University September 27.30, 1988. information. The conference was conducted as part ofa larger, Speech to Text: Toc lay and Tomorrow brought two-year project funded by the National Institute on together experts to provide current information in Disability and Rehabilitation Research of the U.S. areas where timeliness is