The Gal-Gael Peoples of Scotland
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New Yeor 1997 • £2.25 in CO 4) K Q» ■c a 3 O £»- .c c 1> v. 00 TORIES IN KILTS EYE WITNESSES O THF E CLEARANCES KEN CURRIE THE GAL-GAEL PEOPLES OSCOTLANF D POETRY • MUSIC • FICTION • REVIEWS THE MAGAZINE FOR SCOTTISH AND INTERNATIONAL LITERATURE, ARTS AND AFFAIRS Contents Raymond Ross Editorial 2 Tony Milligan "Tories in Kilts " Mourning for the Aristocracy 3 Alastair McIntosh The Gal-Gael Peoples of Scotland 6 David Craig Eye-Witnesses of the Clearances 16 Thorn Nairn Three Poems 19 Moira Duff Two Poems 20 Peter Jones Ken Currie, Oral History and Popular Memory 21 Luis Cernada Poem 25 Ali Smith Feminine Intelligence (Review) 26 Ernie Hilbert Poem 27 John Burns Unfolding World (Review) 28 Edward Mackinnon Poem 29 Thorn Nairn The Good Doctor Holub (Review) 30 Billy Watt Poem 31 Antaine MacManais Devolving the Merry Muse 32 Aonghas Macneacail Poem 34 Ken Cockburn Poem 35 Ian Nimmo White Poem 36 Editor Cencrastus RAYMOND ROSS Unit One, Abbeynwunt Techbase, 8 Easter Road, Edinburgh EH 8 8EJ Managing Editor Telephone: 031-661 5687 RUTH BRADLEY Front Cover Cencrastus Ken Currie: Fight or Starve - wandering is published with the assistance of the Editorial Assistants through the Thirties (1985) Scottish Arts Council. fOANNE BURNS, EILEEN BURNS RICHARD MOORE, ZSUZSANNA VARGA, Inside Front Cover Sacred Peace Pipe Carrier Fulian Stone Eagle Views expressed by contributors are not DONNA RODGER Henry (pic: Murdo Macleod) necessarily those of the Editor or the Editorial Board Inside Back Cover: Editorial Advisers. WILLIAM WALLACE, IAIN CRICHTON Alastair McIntosh and Stone Eagle Henry at site of SMITH, proposed superquarry on Harris (pic: Murdo Unsolicited material accompanied by an SA.E. BILL FINDLAY, HAMSHHENDERSON Macleod) is welcome. Please allow up to eight weeks for a THOM NAIRN decision to be made. Inside Back Cover: Design & Typesetting Jimmy Sweeney, Pollock (pic: Drew Farrell) GEORGE PITCHER, EDINBURGH Copyright reserved ■ ISBN 0264-0856 Printing MAYFAIR PRINTERS, SUNDERLAND Cencrastus 1 The Gal-Gael Peoples of Scotland Alastair McIntosh Written at the request of and dedicated to Tawny, Colin and Gehan MacLeod and other powerful gentle warriors at the Pollok Free State M77 Motorway Protest in Glasgow, whose endeavours for renewal are both ecological and cultural. We, the Gal-Gael, being a loose association of some native peoples of Scotland ,extend our hand to all other indigenous peoples in the world. By invitation of Firs tNation friends in North America we ask to address you with these words. (I) The Shoaling by apple fragrant Avalon Dear fellow creatures, sisters, brothers, children: When sun's white light streams in through for some years now we have been listening raindrop lens and rainbows arch the covenant of hope4 Awakening to hear you speak all colours make all peoples from one source in ocean swell across the great Atlantic And so it is we here in musical rhythms danced from brightest and more besides Africa's savannah have wrestled long and hard with what it in wind's feathered mantras fluttering out means from prayer flags to be a Scottish native peoples of the high Himalaya of diversity in ancient Aboriginal songlines What does it mean waulking even through Precambrian to be the black among us like the white bedrock folds1 the Pole, Italian, Russian and Pakistani of overwork! high roads the Tamil, Sinhalese the Japanese and underworld low roads2 Chinese North South East English just as Scot or Welsh, Flemish German West of our own recovering discovering Moslem Jew pagan shamanic tradition Irish - Protestant and Catholic? By all such ways and more What does it mean for us a rainbow dear long-lost much-abus'ed friends spectrum we have heard the speaking of your drums to be a Peoples of this place? been touch'ed Fully indigenous. Fully belonging. late if not last by open waiting of your hearts By salmon's course And ask you to accept us now we have arrived a native peoples long shoaling at the estuary, waiting, waiting, the 'Gal-Gael'3 waiting of Scotland, Alba, but Spate now running So we leap ... these Northern tracts of Albion Protesting motorways in Glasgow 1 Woven cloth (tweed) was traditionally softened by "waulking," i.e. thick folds along the length being communally and rhythmically pounded to the accompaniment of waulk• ing songs. Margaret Fay Shaw (Folksongs and Folklore of South Uist, Aberdeen Uni. Press, 3rd Edn., 1986, p. 7) remarks: "Those were the days when a wearer could regard his homespun from the Hebrides with the thought of the songs and gaiety that went into the making of it" 2 In the "Loch Lomond" song, the lover to be executed expects to reach Scotland first because, after death, the soul was believed rapidly to travel home under the surface of the Earth - the "low road." 3 Normally spelt "Gall" in English, but "Gal" Is how it has been carved in wood and stone at Pollok which, being a"free state," is permitted a measure of distinctive anarchy. 4 Here a social connotation, but cf. Genesis 9:9-17 where the rainbow signifies ecological covenant Cencrastus 6 Refuting superquarry mountain destruction ... Cleared ... to fact'ory or to emigrant ship Bride's isle the He-brides1 ... dumped ... Aotearoa ... North America8 Fighting to heat the dampened love-warm ... recruited ... skirling hireling regiments of crisis-torn homes "Queen's Owned Highlanders"9 of those of us in urban native reservation Empire stitched from butcher's wounds housing schemes opp'ressed turned oppressor sprung from (where TV up a tower block offers nature's oppressed' pain only window2 both sides the Atlantic surging with emotion one fifth of Scotland's people live in poverty) Intergenerational Transatlantic Cultural And "resetting seeds of Eden"3 Trauma one foot venturing into Eden4 a three-way brokenness with Muir and Burns, MacDiarmid, White native peoples our side, the Ossianic and mostly unnamed women's song5 Western edge pressing down "wet desert" sod to replant native peoples their side, the Eastern oceanic native trees6 seaboard in Border dale and Highland strath and Everywhere that breaking dominant and on the blighted bing disembedded culture Struggling to regain that is in part a music, dance and language us too once usurped from forebears' cradling embrace Can you forgive us? usurped to break the spirit Red woman, man, child, creature take our land red earth and even God and gods and saints of old Can we together mend these bygone and scar the very strata deep ongoing murders with alcohol soaked nicotine smoked Prozac of murdered souls murdering bodies filled choked with soul dysfunctionality cultural genocide Roman Norman Modern Lateral violence of unresolv'ed angst7 Empire unable to engage- corporate limited liability limited with power from above responsibility so sideways striking to and from within and IMF, GATT-World Trade Organisation, all around World Bank ... hurting ... hurting ... hurting ... triumvirate idols Mammon Moloch Money10 with intergenerational poverty knocking on loansharks surfing water gardens of the poor from then to now thrashing around in usurious name of pax people disempowered in rent-racked famine prosperity days Half a million Highland folk ... (Lowlanders before like English further back in time) ... Cleared ... from kindly providential clachan 1 The name, "Hebrides," probably results from scribal errors. The earliest reference was to "Ebudae." However, the sense of Inferring "Bride's Isles" (i.e. Brtgh, Bride, Bridey, Brigit) is too pleasing to reject in a literary work. As note about Kilbride implies, it is eminently appropriate. 2 On the relation between ecology and Scotland's urban poor, see MSc human ecology dissertation work of Tara O'Leary, Nae fur the Likes O' Us: Poverty, Agenda 21 and Scot• land's Non-Governmental Organisations, at press, Scottish Affairs, summer 1996. 3 Mike Collard, Future Forests, Bantry, Ireland. 4 Edwin Muir, One Foot in Eden. 5 I.e. Kenneth White, Scots born professor of 20th Century Poetics at the Sorbonne. His work has greatly influenced this piece. Inspired partly by Walt Whitman, he proposes "poetics, geography - and a higher unity - geopoetics ..." (Elements of Geopoetics, Edinburgh Review, 88,1992,163-178). Through Tony McMahon, Kenneth alerted me to the shamanic nature of Burns's work; see A Shaman Dancing on a Glacier Burns, Beuys and Beyond, Supplement to Artwork 50,1991. ,2-3, and 'Tarn O'Shanter': An Interpretation, Scottish Literary lournal. 17:2,1990, 5-14. 6 Frank Fraser-Darling, author of the famous study in human ecology, West Highland Survey. 7 Jane Mlddleton-Moz, American therapist, whose talk at the International Transpersonal Association conference in Killarney, 1994, inspired my thinking about the need for cul• tural psychotherapies - a notion I now see that Paulo Freire was also effectively aware of. 8 Aotearoa - indigenous people's name for New Zealand. 9 Lewis poet Mary Montgomery - poem by this name. 10 Moloch was an Old Testament god into whose fire filled stone arms the children were sacrificed to secure present prosperity. American theologian Walter Wink advocates new ways of "naming, unmasking and engaging the powers" in order to transform and redeem power. In this sense Moloch can be seen to have many contemporary incarnations, not least nuclear weapons. Cencrastus 7 ... Trashing all ... All ... but that Invincible The superquarry threatened Sbuth Harris prophetic Remnant of humanity1 igneous complex that hazel nut-like flotsam coasting oceans (surveyed by supine Roineabhal of the heart in Exodus beholding all Scarista's ancient parish of those holograms of wisdom Kilbride8 dropped by tree of life in sacred trout filled annunciating Brigh, Bride, Brigit, womanhood limpid pool2 of God9 swept down of old on mighty streams of from Barra and the South to Clisham and righteousness3 beyond ..