Etude Juridico-Administrative Sur Les Stations D'épuration Des Eaux Usées

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Etude Juridico-Administrative Sur Les Stations D'épuration Des Eaux Usées Etude juridico-administrative sur les stations d’épuration des eaux usées au Liban Etablie par : L’ingénieur, le Général Nicolas EL HABER Le 23/10/2012 Table des matières Premièrement- Préambule ................................................................................................... 4 Deuxièmement- Les lois ..................................................................................................... 6 et les décrets libanais en vigueur ........................................................................................ 6 21- Les textes et les décrets libanais régissant l’action des fédérations de municipalités et des municipalités ......................................................................................................... 7 211- Les textes de la loi sur les municipalités se rapportant à l’objet de l’étude (Décret-loi No. 118 du 30/06/1977) : ......................................................................... 7 212- Les textes de la loi sur les taxes municipales (Loi No. 60/88 d 12/08/1988) relatifs à l’objet de l’étude ........................................................................................ 11 213- Le décret fixant les principes et les règles d’organisation des revenus du Fonds municipal indépendant (Décret No. 1917 du 06/04/1979)........................................ 12 214- Quelques commentaires tirés des textes susmentionnés : ................................ 12 22- Les lois et les décrets libanais se rapportant à l’action du ministère de l’Energie et de l’Eau : ....................................................................................................................... 15 221- La constitution du ministère de l’Energie et de l’Eau : .................................... 16 222- La Loi No. 221 du 29/05/2000 (réglementation du secteur de l’eau) : ............ 17 223- Les décrets prévoyant le règlement d’exploitation des Etablissements des eaux dans les différentes régions et fixant leurs responsabilités: ...................................... 19 224- Le plan directeur général du ministère ............................................................. 23 225- Le projet de loi sur l’eau soumis par le ministère de l’Energie et de l’Eau au Conseil des Ministres ................................................................................................ 25 226- Quelques commentaires tirés des textes susmentionnés : ................................ 26 23- Les lois et les décrets libanais relatifs au Conseil du Développement et de la Reconstruction .............................................................................................................. 29 231- La constitution du Conseil du Développement et de la Reconstruction ........... 29 232- L’organisation du CDR : .................................................................................. 31 233- Quelques commentaires tirés des textes susmentionnés: ................................. 32 24- Les lois et décrets libanais relatifs au ministère de l’Environnement .................... 32 241- Constitution et missions du ministère de l’Environnement .............................. 32 242- Les conditions environnementales relatives aux permis de construction et/ou d’exploitation des stations de traitement des eaux usées de petite taille .................. 32 243- Quelques commentaires tirés des textes susmentionnés : ................................ 32 25- Le rôle du ministère de la Santé Publique en ce qui concerne l’objet de la présente étude .............................................................................................................................. 33 26- Les procédures administratives et judiciaires ......................................................... 34 Troisièmement- ................................................................................................................. 35 Quelques points extraits de l’étude publiée par le Programme des Nations Unies pour le développement en 2004 .................................................................................................... 35 Quatrièmement- ................................................................................................................ 38 Les expériences pratiques de municipalités libanaises diverses ....................................... 38 Cinquièmement- Des expériences en matière de gestion et de traitement des eaux usées dans des pays du bassin méditerranéen et du monde arabe. ............................................. 44 51- Introduction générale sur les pays du bassin méditerranéen. ................................. 45 2 52- L’expérience du Maroc en matière de gestion des eaux usées ............................... 45 53- L’expérience de la Tunisie en matière de gestion des eaux usées .......................... 49 54- Des points importants concernant le monde arabe ................................................. 50 Sixièmement- Les amendements juridiques proposés ...................................................... 52 61- Introduction aux textes juridiques nécessitant un amendement à la lumière des expériences libanaise, tunisienne et marocaine et de certains pays méditerranéens. .... 53 62- Les amendements proposés à l’article 11 du Décret No. 1917 du 06/04/1979 ...... 53 63- L’amendement proposé à la loi sur les municipalités............................................. 54 64- L’amendement proposé à la loi sur les taxes municipales ..................................... 55 Septièmement- Le protocole d’accord et de coopération pour la gestion des stations d’épuration des eaux usées 71- Introduction ............................................................................................................ 58 72- Projet de protocole d’accord et de coopération pour le traitement des stations d’épuration des eaux usées ............................................................................................ 59 Huitièmement- Le projet de protocole d’accord et de coopération pour la gestion de stations d’épuration entre des municipalités souhaitant mettre en place un projet conjoint d’intérêt général ou des municipalités faisant partie d’une Fédération donnée ................ 64 81- Préambule ............................................................................................................... 65 3 Premièrement- Préambule 4 Préambule L’idée de mener un diagnostic juridique portant sur la gestion des eaux usées au Liban constitue un projet novateur né de l’accord de coopération conclu en 2009 entre les Fédérations des municipalités d’Iqlim Al Touffah, de la région de Jezzine et du Mont Rihan, le Syndicat interdépartemental pour l’assainissement de l’Agglomération parisienne (SIAAP) et la Ville de Nogent-sur-Marne dans le but de bénéficier du soutien technique et financier du SIAAP en matière de gestion des eaux usées dans les différentes fédérations de municipalités et, plus particulièrement, dans les trois fédérations susmentionnées. Le Bureau de Cités et Gouvernements Locaux Unis (Liban, Syrie, Jordanie)/ Bureau Technique des Villes Libanaises a élaboré le dossier dont il a également assuré le suivi en collaboration avec les parties prenantes, ce qui a été considéré comme « la maîtrise d’ouvrage de l’étude ». L’examen critique des textes de loi régissant l’objet de l’étude auprès des administrations et ministères libanais concernés contribue dans une large mesure à la compréhension des règles d’élaboration des textes nécessaires en matière de gestion des eaux usées dans les fédérations susmentionnées, ainsi que du rapport entretenu avec les autorités de contrôle (Qaimacam, Mohafez, ministre). A cet effet, nombre de lois divergent par leur contenu de sorte qu’il est difficile de déterminer, a priori, où se situent les prérogatives de tel ministère ou de telle autre institution publique. Quels que soient l’expérience professionnelle et les diplômes (d’ingénieur ou de juriste) de celui qui cherche à élaborer une étude objective, il n’en sombrera pas moins dans l’incertitude à l’heure d’émettre un avis. La présente étude vise à apporter des propositions adéquates en ce qui concerne des textes aussi multiples que complexes et à faire la lumière sur les lois actuelles et sur les dispositions juridiques en vigueur dans les différentes municipalités et ce, dans une démarche objective. Quant aux textes de loi, je prendrais le parti, comme en témoigne ma longue pratique professionnelle, d’en proposer de nouveaux qui seraient favorables aux municipalités, aux ministères et aux institutions publiques et qui serviront, au premier chef, le citoyen libanais. Le Bureau de Cités et Gouvernements Locaux Unis/Bureau Technique des Villes Libanaises contribue de façon notable, de par ses initiatives et activités, au renforcement de l’action des municipalités et des fédérations de municipalités aux niveaux interne et externe. L’initiative impliquant les trois fédérations susmentionnées s’inscrit dans la droite ligne de cette contribution dont l’étude se veut un jalon fondamental au service des lois actuelles et futures dans le domaine considéré. 5 Deuxièmement- Les lois et les décrets libanais en vigueur 6 21- Les textes et les décrets libanais régissant l’action des fédérations de municipalités et des municipalités 211- Les textes de la loi sur les municipalités se rapportant à l’objet de l’étude (Décret- loi No. 118 du 30/06/1977) : Dix articles de la loi sur les municipalités font référence de manière directe ou indirecte à l’objet de l’étude. Il s’agit, en l’occurrence, des articles
Recommended publications
  • American University of Beirut E-Government in Lebanon: the Case of Websites of Lebanese Municipalities
    AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF BEIRUT E-GOVERNMENT IN LEBANON: THE CASE OF WEBSITES OF LEBANESE MUNICIPALITIES by RATIBA HABIB KASSEM A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts to the Department of Political Studies and Public Administration of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at the American University of Beirut Beirut, Lebanon April 2019 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is a great pleasure to write this section of my thesis as I get to thank all the wonderful people who have helped me, in one way or another, accomplish this work. First, I would like to thank Dr. Tania Haddad, she provided me with a sense of direction every time I felt lost. Her continuous support and motivation gave me the needed boost every time I felt I hit a dead end. She made me a good researcher. I also would like to thank the committee members, Dr. Roland Riachi and Dr. Alain Daou, they were helpful and their pleasant and understanding attitude gave me the required support to work on the thesis. Their valuable comments were essential for the completion of this work with quality standards that I feel proud of. Finally, I am eternally grateful to every member of my beloved family. I thank them for always being supportive, loving, and caring. I thank them for always being there when I needed them. I particularly thank mom, my brothers: Omran, Mustafa, Jihad and Abbas, my sisters: Neamat and Mariam and my sisters-in-law: Fatima and Dana for their continuous support and encouragement and for all the smiles they drew on my face, especially when I‘m working on my thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Guidelines for Amendments to the List of Reserved and Prohibited Domain Names Under the LBDR (Published: 15 November 2017 - Updated: 14 December 2018)
    Guidelines for amendments to the list of Reserved and prohibited domain names under the LBDR (Published: 15 November 2017 - Updated: 14 December 2018) This memorandum specifies the guidelines for amendments to Appendix-A. Adding new names Whether new names should be reserved, or their registration should be prohibited, is subject to ongoing assessment. These might be new generic domains, for example, if a new category of enterprise should emerge along the lines of AS (a limited-liability company); new geographical names, for example if new municipalities are created; new technical names in connection with the establishment of new services; and so on. If names which may be relevant emerge, an assessment is undertaken in consultation with the LBDR Advisory Board of whether these names fulfil the requirements for inclusion in one of the categories in Appendix A. LBDR may temporarily prohibit the names until a decision has been made. Notice of the decision that the names are to be added to Appendix A is given in the normal way, although for practical reasons the names will also be blocked during the notice period. The addition of new names to the prohibited/reserved list will not have retroactive effect. This means that names that have already been registered will not be removed even if they are added to the list. If the name is deleted later, new registration of the name will however be blocked. Such names cannot be transferred to a new domain name holder either. Taking names into use or removing names Names that are prohibited Every year, LBDR carries out an assessment of whether these names should still be prohibited or should be removed from Appendix A.
    [Show full text]
  • Lebanon Fire Risk Bulletin
    Lebanon Fire Risk Bulletin Refer to cadast table condition. Please note that the indicated temperature is at 2 CIVILDEDEFENCE meters height from the ground. General description of potential fire risk situation Symbol Level of Meaning and actions risk Very Very low fire risk. Controlled burning operations can be hardly executed due to high fuel moisture content. Normally VL low wildfires self-extinguish. Low Low fire risk. Controlled burning operations can be executed with a reasonable degree of safety. L Medium Medium-low fire risk. Controlled burning operations can be executed in safety conditions. All the fires need to be ML low extinguished. Medium Medium fire risk. Controlled burning operations would be avoided. All the fires need to be very well extinguished. M Medium Controlled burning is not recommended. Open flame will start fires. Cured grasslands and forest litter will burn readily. Spread is moderate in forests and fast in exposed areas. Patrolling and monitoring is suggested. Fight fires M high with direct attack and all available resources. Ignition can occur easily with fast spread in grass, shrubs and forests. Fires will be very hot with crowning and short High to medium spotting. Direct attack on the head may not be possible requiring indirect methods on flanks. Patrolling H and monitoring the territory is highly suggested. Ignition can occur also from sparks. Fires will be extremely hot with fast rate of spread. Control may not be possible Extreme during day due to long range spotting and crowning. Suppression forces should limit efforts to limiting lateral spread. E Damage potential total. Patrolling and monitoring the territory is highly suggested.
    [Show full text]
  • Law 360 Encouraging Investments in Lebanon
    English Translation Draft Law 360 Encouraging Investments in Lebanon The Parliament has passed, And the President of the Republic publishes the following law: Article 1: In order to apply the articles of this law, the following explanations are given: 1- The institution: The public institution created by this law in order to encourage investments in Lebanon. 2- The board of administration: The board of administration of the institution created by this law. 3- Head of the institution: Head of the institution, chairman of the board and general manager of the institution created by this law. 4- The project: The investment project related to any sectors falling under this law. 5- The investor: The real or moral Lebanese, Arab or foreign person who invests in Lebanon in accordance with this law. Article 2: This law applies to all investments belonging to investors, who wish to benefit from its articles in the fields of industry, agriculture and agricultural industry, tourism, information technology, and other sectors that the council of ministers shall define by decree. Article 3: A public institution called “The Public Institution for Encouraging Investments in Lebanon” is created. It enjoys moral entity and financial and administrative independence, and is attached to the Prime Minister who exercises the tutorial authority over it. It complies with the articles of this law. Article 4: The administration of the Institution is done by a board of administration composed of seven members appointed for four years by a decree of the council of ministers. The member should be: 1- Lebanese for more than ten years.
    [Show full text]
  • Lebanon Fire Risk Bulletin
    Lebanon Fire Risk Bulletin Refer to cadast table condition. The risk remains high for the next two days in all regions . CIVIL DEDEFENCE Please note that the indicated temperature is at 2 meters height from the ground. General description of potential fire risk situation Symbol Level of Meaning and actions risk Very Very low fire risk. Controlled burning operations can be hardly executed due to high fuel moisture content. Normally VL low wildfires self-extinguish. Low Low fire risk. Controlled burning operations can be executed with a reasonable degree of safety. L Medium Medium-low fire risk. Controlled burning operations can be executed in safety conditions. All the fires need to be ML low extinguished. Medium Medium fire risk. Controlled burning operations would be avoided. All the fires need to be very well extinguished. M Medium Controlled burning is not recommended. Open flame will start fires. Cured grasslands and forest litter will burn readily. Spread is moderate in forests and fast in exposed areas. Patrolling and monitoring is suggested. Fight fires M high with direct attack and all available resources. Ignition can occur easily with fast spread in grass, shrubs and forests. Fires will be very hot with crowning and short High to medium spotting. Direct attack on the head may not be possible requiring indirect methods on flanks. Patrolling H and monitoring the territory is highly suggested. Ignition can occur also from sparks. Fires will be extremely hot with fast rate of spread. Control may not be possible Extreme during day due to long range spotting and crowning. Suppression forces should limit efforts to limiting lateral spread.
    [Show full text]
  • IMPLEMENTATION COMPLETION REPORT (ICR) Lebanon
    Document of The World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized Report No: ICR00001141 IMPLEMENTATION COMPLETION AND RESULTS REPORT (IBRD-70260 LE) ON A Public Disclosure Authorized LOAN IN THE AMOUNT OF US$80.00 MILLION TO THE LEBANESE REPUBLIC FOR A FIRST MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized June 1, 2009 Sustainable Development Department Public Disclosure Authorized Middle East Country Department Middle East and North Africa Region CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate Effective June 1, 2009) Currency Unit = LP LP 1,500 = US$1 FISCAL YEAR ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS Vice President: Daniela Gressani Country Director: Hedi Larbi Sector Manager: Anna M. Bjerde Project Team Leader: Robert Maurer ICR Team Leader: Robert Maurer Lebanon First Municipal Infrastructure Project CONTENTS Data Sheet A. Basic Information ……………………………………………………….…….………i B. Key Dates …..………………………………………………………………..………..i C. Ratings Summary ……………………………………………………………….…….i D. Sector and Theme Codes ……………...………………………………………….….ii E. Bank Staff ………………………………….…………………………………..……..ii F. Results Framework Analysis………..………………………….………………….….ii G. Ratings of Project Performance in ISRs .………………………………………….….v H. Restructuring …………………………………………………………………….v I. Disbursement Graph ………………………………………………………...….vi 1. Project Context, Development Objectives and Design ……………………………… 1 2. Key Factors Affecting Implementation and Outcomes……………………………… 4 3. Assessment of Outcomes ..…………………………………………………..……… .8 4. Assessment of Risk to Development Outcome …………………………………. 11 5. Assessment of
    [Show full text]
  • Lebanon Fire Risk Bulletin
    Lebanon Fire Risk Bulletin Refer to cadast table condition. CIVIL DEDEFENCE Please note that the indicated temperature is at 2 meters height from the ground. General description of potential fire risk situation Symbol Level of Meaning and actions risk Very Very low fire risk. Controlled burning operations can be hardly executed due to high fuel moisture content. Normally VL low wildfires self-extinguish. Low Low fire risk. Controlled burning operations can be executed with a reasonable degree of safety. L Medium Medium-low fire risk. Controlled burning operations can be executed in safety conditions. All the fires need to be ML low extinguished. Medium Medium fire risk. Controlled burning operations would be avoided. All the fires need to be very well extinguished. M Medium Controlled burning is not recommended. Open flame will start fires. Cured grasslands and forest litter will burn readily. Spread is moderate in forests and fast in exposed areas. Patrolling and monitoring is suggested. Fight fires M high with direct attack and all available resources. Ignition can occur easily with fast spread in grass, shrubs and forests. Fires will be very hot with crowning and short High to medium spotting. Direct attack on the head may not be possible requiring indirect methods on flanks. Patrolling H and monitoring the territory is highly suggested. Ignition can occur also from sparks. Fires will be extremely hot with fast rate of spread. Control may not be possible Extreme during day due to long range spotting and crowning. Suppression forces should limit efforts to limiting lateral spread. E Damage potential total.
    [Show full text]
  • Invest in Lebanon Guide Our Services and Incentives 2 Content
    INVEST IN LEBANON INVEST IN LEBANON GUIDE OUR SERVICES AND INCENTIVES 2 CONTENT ABOUT IDAL p 3 Our Services Sectors of Focus INVESTMENT INCENTIVES SCHEMES p 9 Investment Project by Zone (IPZ) Package Deal Contract (PDC) INVESTMENT LAW NO. 360 p 15 APPENDIX TO THE LAW ON INVESTMENT p 23 DEVELOPMENT IN LEBANON 2 ABOUT IDAL 3 IDAL IS DEDICATED TO ATTRACT, FACILITATE AND RETAIN INVESTMENTS IN LEBANON The Investment Development Authority of Lebanon (IDAL) is the national investment promotion agency that was established in 1994 with the aim of promoting Lebanon as a key investment destination, and attracting, facilitating and retaining investments in the country. Investment Law No.360 that was enacted in 2001 reinforced IDAL’s mission, providing a framework for regulating investment activities in Lebanon, and providing local and foreign investors alike with a range of incentives and business support services. Law No.360 identified a set of priority sectors that showed the most promising opportunities in terms of their investment potential and impact on socio-economic growth. The identified priority sectors include: INDUSTRY TOURISM AGRICULTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AGRO-INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGY TELECOMMUNICATION MEDIA In addition to its role as investment promotion agency, IDAL is entrusted with the active promotion and marketing of Lebanese exports including but not limited to agricultural and agro-industrial products. IDAL enjoys financial and administrative autonomy and reports to the President of the Council of Ministers who exercises a tutorial authority over it. 4 OUR SERVICES We provide these services free of charge for domestic and foreign investors alike: » Providing economic, commercial, legal, industrial and other information relevant for investment decisions.
    [Show full text]
  • 1028 Municipalities and USD 2 Billion in Revenue 43
    issue number 163 | April 2016 www.monthlymagazine.com Published by Information International 10281028 MUNICIPALITIESMUNICIPALITIES ANDAND USDUSD 22 BILLIONBILLION Index 163 | April 2016 Leader Lebanon’s Municipalities 2016 Lebanon’s Municipalities 2016 5 1028 municipalities and USD 2 billion in revenue 43 Public Sector Highest-paid state employees 36 The Governor of the Central Bank and Members of the Lebanese Petroleum Administration Housing Loans 43 USD 5 billion A 28% Increase 45 in Divorce Rates in Lebanon 45 National Commission for Lebanese Women: 48 LBP 900 million yet modest achievements Discover Lebanon 50 Zaloutiyeh Lebanon Families 51 Warda Families 48 3 Editorial The Missing Third By Jawad N. Adra The Lebanese continue to surprise both themselves and now. If we are part of neither the sect nor the State, then their political leaders by their tolerance of the intolerable. who or what are we? The scientific answer substantiated by The intolerable is the government’s utter failure at manag- dozens of studies and surveys is: followers. We are follow- ing public affairs and providing the merest and most basic ers of a leader who dictates to us what the answer should rights and services in various areas; the poor management be. How else can we explain the current alignments? Civil of public funds, the recurrent blackouts and decline in pub- War, emigration and poverty, fear and decay. Let the lead- lic education; the absence of health coverage and old age ers reflect on the fact that close to 70% of respondents be- pension and most recently the glaring disregard for the lieve the Geagea- Aoun and Hariri-Frangieh alliances to be people’s health and environment by allowing mountains short-lived.
    [Show full text]