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1028 Municipalities and USD 2 Billion in Revenue 43 issue number 163 | April 2016 www.monthlymagazine.com Published by Information International 10281028 MUNICIPALITIESMUNICIPALITIES ANDAND USDUSD 22 BILLIONBILLION Index 163 | April 2016 Leader Lebanon’s Municipalities 2016 Lebanon’s Municipalities 2016 5 1028 municipalities and USD 2 billion in revenue 43 Public Sector Highest-paid state employees 36 The Governor of the Central Bank and Members of the Lebanese Petroleum Administration Housing Loans 43 USD 5 billion A 28% Increase 45 in Divorce Rates in Lebanon 45 National Commission for Lebanese Women: 48 LBP 900 million yet modest achievements Discover Lebanon 50 Zaloutiyeh Lebanon Families 51 Warda Families 48 3 Editorial The Missing Third By Jawad N. Adra The Lebanese continue to surprise both themselves and now. If we are part of neither the sect nor the State, then their political leaders by their tolerance of the intolerable. who or what are we? The scientific answer substantiated by The intolerable is the government’s utter failure at manag- dozens of studies and surveys is: followers. We are follow- ing public affairs and providing the merest and most basic ers of a leader who dictates to us what the answer should rights and services in various areas; the poor management be. How else can we explain the current alignments? Civil of public funds, the recurrent blackouts and decline in pub- War, emigration and poverty, fear and decay. Let the lead- lic education; the absence of health coverage and old age ers reflect on the fact that close to 70% of respondents be- pension and most recently the glaring disregard for the lieve the Geagea- Aoun and Hariri-Frangieh alliances to be people’s health and environment by allowing mountains short-lived. of garbage to pile up on the streets and valleys- for exam- ple. Ironically, there are still people supporting their leader Since the nineties, the researcher has observed a glimmer as though he were their inescapable destiny. We are kid- of light, faint at times and brighter at others. The cross-sec- napped, yet enchanted by and grateful to our kidnappers. tarian unusual one third is currently on the decline. 15% We are depressed, yet thankful for those causing our de- to 20% of respondents used to answer ‘not concerned’ or pression. ‘no one’ and the percentage would occasionally border on 40%. Will those form a nucleus for something bigger? Will Who do you really want for President of the Republic? Is leaders sit together and admit their responsibility? If nei- this the main question? Are you Shia’a, Sunni or Christian? ther option materializes, the next opinion poll will cover Do you fit comfortably in any of those categories? Is any of a sample of six leaders only speaking for five million Leb- them a good fit for us? Who forces you to answer a ques- anese. tion regarding your sect? Since 1995, Information Interna- tional has been conducting surveys, which have detected the rise of polarity and the formation of alignments. Over the years, the wise support exhibited initially for civil mar- riage has clearly declined and the hesitation to mention one’s sect has morphed into a proud disclosure. We used to stratify answers according to age, gender, income and educational level. Now, we present our findings according to sect. ‘Christian’ or ‘Muslim’ were once sufficient an- swers. Now, it has to be ‘Sunni’, ‘Shia’a’, ‘Greek Orthodox’, Maronite’ and so on. Whether the respondent is a universi- ty professor, a lawyer, an engineer, a physician, a merchant, a carpenter; whether he is jobless, illiterate, rich or poor, it does not matter. The findings appear to converge or di- verge depending mostly on the sectarian affiliation which has eliminated both geography and socio-economic data. But are we truly sectarian? We are certainly submissive and helpless; coerced or careless. The problem does not lie in our sectarianism; maybe we are really not sectarian. Who are we or what are we then? ‘We are citizens,’ should be the obvious answer, except that we are not, at least not Published by Information International | The Monthly 163 April 2016 Leader Definition of a municipality According to Legislative Decree no. 118 issued on June 30, 1977 (Law on Municipalities), the municipality is “a local authority that exercises, within its scope, the powers that the law has bestowed upon it.” The municipality has a legal character and enjoys financial and administrative autonomy within the framework of the law. 5 LEBANON’S MUNICIPALITIES 2016 1028 MUNICIPALITIES AND USD 2 BILLION IN REVENUE The term of the municipal and ikhtiyariah councils elected in the 2010 municipal elections and by-elec- tions of 2012 and 2013 comes to an end in May 2016. Similarly to what happened in Parliament, it seems highly likely that the mandate of the municipal councils might be extended by one to three years, despite the Interior Minister’s reassurances that the elections would be held on time. Until a clearer picture emerges as to whether new councils will be elected or an extension is on the way, it might be useful to examine the status of municipalities in terms of their distribution across Aqdiya, the number of their municipal members and their share of the Independent Municipal Fund between 2008 and 2014. Establishment of a municipality A municipality is established pursuant to a decision issued by the Minister of the Interior and Municipalities at the request of the town’s residents, without determining the minimum population or revenues. The municipalities of Lebanon totaled 1028 in the beginning of 2016, compared to 964 in the 2010 elections. These municipalities are distributed by Qada’a as illustrated in Table 1. 2010 964 2016 1028 Published by Information International | The Monthly 163 April 2016 6 Leader Lebanon’s Municipalities 2016 Table 1: No. of towns and municipalities by Qada’a Source: Official Gazette- Ministry of the Interior and Municipalities Qada’a/ Mohafaza No. of towns & # of municipali- # of municipali- # of municipali- # of municipali- villages ties in the 1998 ties in the 2004 ties in the 2010 ties in the 2004 elections elections elections elections Beirut 1 1 1 1 1 (12 neighborhoods) Jbeil 83 20 35 37 39 Kessrouan 67 39 48 52 54 Matn 96 43 48 51 54 Baabda 63 43 45 45 46 Aley 72 51 55 55 57 Shouf 96 67 72 73 74 Mount Lebanon Mohafaza 477 263 303 313 324 Zahle 39 27 29 29 29 Western Beqa’a 35 25 28 30 31 Rashaya 27 26 26 26 26 Beqa’a Mohafaza 101 78 83 85 86 Baalbeck 105 43 53 64 74 Hermel 33 2 5 6 8 Baalbeck-Hermel Mohafaza 138 45 58 70 82 Saida 53 29 42 46 47 Tyre 70 20 56 60 62 Jezzine 56 28 35 35 37 South Mohafaza 179 77 133 141 146 Nabatieh 42 31 38 39 39 Bint Jbeil 36 22 36 36 36 Marjeyoun 32 14 26 26 26 Hasbaya 20 14 15 15 16 Nabatieh Mohafaza 130 81 115 116 117 Tripoli 3 3 3 3 3 Koura 46 30 34 34 36 Batroun 69 19 22 24 29 Bsharri 21 10 11 11 12 Zgharta 50 28 31 31 31 Mennieh-Dennieh 48 18 25 33 34 North Mohafaza 237 108 126 136 145 Akkar Mohafaza 163 47 86 102 128 Total in Lebanon 1,426 700 905 964 1,028 7 The total number of municipalities 9 Members 9 449 For the municipality where the registered population is Members Municipalities is not less than 2000. 1028 449 Municipalities = 4041 Members with 12 Members 12,219 12 252 For the municipality where the registered population members. Members Municipalities is between 2001 and 4000. 252 Municipalities = 3024 Members 2889 Mukhtars 15 Members 15 266 For the municipality where the registered population 4086 Members Municipalities is between 4001 and 12,000. Ikhtiyariah 266 Municipalities = 3990 Members members 18 Members 56 18 41 For the municipality where the registered population Members Municipalities is between 12,001 and 24,000. Municipal 41 Municipalities = 738 Members Unions including 656 21 Members 21 18 For the municipality where the registered population Municipalities Members Municipalities exceeds 24,000. 18 Municipalities = 378 Members 24 Members 24 2 For the municipality where the registered population Members Municipalities exceeds 24,000. 2 Municipalities = 48 Members Published by Information International | The Monthly 163 April 2016 8 Leader Lebanon’s Municipalities 2016 NOTE THAT: In the 1998 municipal 1028 elections, for the first time since 964 1963, almost half of the towns 905 and villages of Lebanon were granted municipal councils (700 700 municipalities against 1426 towns.) 1998 2004 2010 2016 It should also be noted The highest number of municipalities that all 36 towns in the Qada’a introduced between 1998 and 2016 of Bint Jbeil and all three towns in the Qada’a of Tripoli have was in the Mohafaza of Akkar and municipalities. totaled 81 Number of Municipalities 39 Number of towns and villages 83 Jbeil 54 96 Matn 8 33 Hermel 29 69 Batroun 12 21 Bsharri 9 Dissolution of Municipalities According to Articles 22, 23, 24 and 25 of the Legislative Decree No. 118 dated June 30, 1977 (Law of Municipalities), a municipal council may be dissolved or considered dissolved in the following two cases: By a duly reasoned decree formulated in the Cabinet upon the proposition of the Minister of the Interior and Municipalities in the case where the municipal council commits recurrent substantial violations that prove to be detrimental to the interest of the municipality. If the municipal council loses at least half of its members due to death or resignation (resignation is usually submitted to the governor or Qaem Maqam) or if its election is annulled by an official ruling.
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