Ethiopia 2015 Fpwatch Reference Document

FPwatch Study Reference Document Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Outlet Survey 2015-16

Released April 2016

Suggested citation FPwatch Group. (2016). FPwatch Study Reference Document: The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia 2015. Washington DC: PSI.

Contact Tarryn Haslam Dr. Woldemariam Girma Deputy Director, Malaria & Child Principal Investigator – Population Services International (PSI) Survival Department Ethiopia PSI | 1120 19th St NW Suit 600 Addis Ababa, Bole Sub-City, Kebele 03/05 Washington DC 20036 Bole Medahneyalem Church Area [email protected] Addis Ababa, Ethiopia [email protected]

Acknowledgements

FPwatch is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. This study was implemented by Population Services International.

PSI-Ethiopia Field Supervisors Field Team Members Dr. Woldemariam Girma Akele Kubi Abdulahi Ahmed Leul Haile Donato Gulino Berhanu Yitayew Admasu Daka Mekoya Tarekegn Elias Legesse Dereje Bayissa Ali Jemal Mesfin Agachew Girma Tadesse Dereje Dechasa Anwar Jibril Mesfin Girma Habtamu Tamene Desalegn Geleta Asfaw Oljira Migret Ayalew Desalegn Tadesse Asmamaw Haile Mulunesh Amenta Alliance for Better Health Getachew Tilahun Aster Tegene Nathnael Senbetu Fekadu Dubi Hanna Mersha Bedilu Alemayehu Nefise Nuriye Dr. Marcos Feleke Henok Demissie Beruh Alemayehu Omar Ahmed Eyob Kifle Kasegn Tibebu Biruk Amare Rehel Tedele Dr. Mengistu Tafesse Megnistu Yilma Biruk Taye Rakeb Abebaw Tsedeke Wolde Chaltu Baja Sabit Abagojam Sebri Nuru Ali ABH Field Coordinators Demitu Legesse Field Quality Controllers Emawayish Tadesse Shiferaw Bekele Dagim Aschenaki Simret Mulu Tamrat Tefera Abdissa Ararsa Emebet Mulugeta Abdulhafiz Hassen Eskeskedar Melkamu Simret Solomon Habtamu Tesfaye Sisay Asseffa Fiseha Wudineh Asamen Mulatu Eyob Tesfaye Efa Ambaw Fasika Gurmessa Solomon Alemu Frezer Zewdu Tadesse Mekonnen Fikrte Ayele Gebeyehu Durcho Gebreyes Lemma Tefera Girma Ethiopia Ministry of Meles G/Medhin Mesay Aregawi Geremew Terefe Tegegn Alemayehu Health Neima Zeynu Haftom Wolday Tesfaye Kebede Berhane Assefa Netsanet Fekede Haymanot Lemma Tinsae Wolde Nuria Yakob Helen W/Semayat Tsegansh Nigatu FPwatch Team Sadik Tamene Hiwot Shimeles Yonas Tedla Andrew Andrada Tigist Desalegn Hoffola Gudetta Yonas Zewdie Dr. Nirali Chakrabory Iticha Abdissa Wondi Magegn Danielle Garfinkel Kibrework Sisay Zelalam Abdissa Dr. Jen Pope Konjit Yigzaw Zeleke Bonger Mac Schoen Lencho Fita Dr. Bryan Shaw Kate Thanel

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Table of Contents

LIST OF TABLES ...... 3 LIST OF FIGURES ...... 5 DEFINITIONS ...... 7 INTRODUCTION ...... 10 SUMMARY OF METHODS AND DATA COLLECTION ...... 11 SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS ...... 13 RESULTS SECTION A: CORE INDICATORS FOR ALL FOUR REGIONS COMBINED ...... 27 RESULTS SECTION B: CORE INDICATORS BY REGION ...... 44 ANNEX 1: FPWATCH BACKGROUND ...... 77 ANNEX 2: ETHIOPIA BACKGROUND ...... 79 ANNEX 3: OUTLET SURVEY METHODS ...... 82 ANNEX 4: SAMPLED WOREDAS/KEBELES ...... 86 ANNEX 5: MAP OF SAMPLED CLUSTERS ...... 105 ANNEX 6: DETAILED SAMPLE DESCRIPTION ...... 106 ANNEX 7: QUESTIONNAIRE ...... 108 ANNEX 8: DETAILED BRAND LISTING WITH QUALITY-ASSURANCE INDICATIONS ...... 132 ANNEX 9. SAMPLING WEIGHTS...... 134 ANNEX 10: FPWATCH INDICATOR LIST ...... 136 ANNEX 11. COUPLE-YEARS OF PROTECTION (CYP) ...... 149 ANNEX 12: CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD VOLUMES ...... 151

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List of Tables

Core Indicators Table S1: Key results, by outlet type—All 4 Regions, 2015...... 13 Table A1a: Modern contraceptive method market composition—All 4 Regions ...... 27 Table A1b: Modern contraceptive method market composition—excluding outlets with condoms only*—All 4 Regions ...... 28 Table A2: Availability of modern contraceptive method categories, among outlets screened, by outlet type – Ethiopia, 2015...... 29 Table A3: Availability of selected contraceptive commodities, among outlets screened, by outlet type – Ethiopia, 2015 ...... 30 Table A4: Availability of modern contraceptive method diversity, among outlets screened, by outlet type – Ethiopia, 2015...... 32 Table A5: Current stock out of selected modern contraceptive commodities on day of survey, among outlets reportedly stocking method in previous 3 months, by outlet type – Ethiopia, 2015 ...... 33 Table A6a: Price of selected modern contraceptive methods in USD, by private outlet type—All 4 Regions ...... 34 Table A6b: Price of selected modern contraceptive methods in USD per CYP, by private outlet type—All 4 Regions ...... 35 Table A7: Median markup percentage for selected modern contraceptive methods, by private outlet type—All 4 Regions ...... 36 Table A8: Contraceptive method market share—All 4 Regions ...... 37 Table A9: Contraceptive method market share within outlet type—All 4 Regions...... 39 Table A10: Availability of selected contraceptive services, among outlets screened, by outlet type – Ethiopia, 2015 ...... 41 Table A11: Service readiness to provide provider-dependent contraceptive services, among outlets reportedly offering the procedure, by outlet type – Ethiopia, 2016 ...... 42 Table B1a: Modern contraceptive method market composition, by region ...... 44 Table B1b: Modern contraceptive method market composition—excluding outlets with condoms only,* by region ...... 45 Table B2: Availability of modern contraceptive method categories, among outlets screened, by outlet type – Ethiopia, 2015...... 46 Table B3: Availability of selected contraceptive commodities, among outlets screened, by outlet type – Ethiopia, 2015 ...... 48 Table B4: Availability of modern contraceptive method diversity, among outlets screened, by outlet type – Ethiopia, 2015...... 53 Table B5: Current stock out of selected modern contraceptive commodities on day of survey, among outlets reportedly stocking method in previous 3 months, by outlet type – Ethiopia, 2015 ...... 55 Table B6a: Price of selected modern contraceptive methods in USD, by private outlet type and region ...... 57 Table B6b: Price of selected modern contraceptive methods in USD per CYP, by private outlet type and region 59 Table B7: Median markup percentage for selected modern contraceptive methods, by private outlet type and region ...... 61 Table B8: Contraceptive method market share by region ...... 63 Table B9: Contraceptive method market share within outlet type by region ...... 67 Table B10: Availability of selected contraceptive services, among outlets screened, by outlet type – Ethiopia, 2015 ...... 70

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Table B11: Service readiness to provide provider-dependent contraceptive services, among outlets reportedly offering the procedure, by outlet type – Ethiopia, 2016 ...... 72 Table X1. Sampled woredas/kebeles ...... 86 Table X2: Detailed sample description ...... 106 Table X3: CYP Conversion Factors ...... 149 Table X4: Reported Contraceptive Method Volumes across All 4 Regions ...... 151

Grey text for data appearing in report tables indicates that the estimate provided was derived from a small sample size. Specifically, grey text is used to indicate point estimates derived from an n of less than 50 and median prices and service readiness derived from an n of less than 5.

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List of Figures

Figure 1: Survey flow diagram, Ethiopia, 2015 ...... 12 Figure 2b. Modern contraceptive method market composition: outlet type distribution, by region, 2015 ...... 16 Figure 2a. Modern contraceptive method market composition – in all 4 regions, 2015 ...... 16 Figure 3. Percentage of modern contraceptive commodity-stocking outlets with selected non-hormonal short- acting contraceptives available in all 4 regions ...... 17 Figure 4. Percentage of modern contraceptive commodity-stocking outlets with selected hormonal short-acting contraceptives available in all 4 regions ...... 18 Figure 5. Percentage of modern contraceptive commodity-stocking outlets with selected long-acting contraceptives available in all 4 regions ...... 19 Figure 6. Percentage of outlets with selected method mixes available in all 4 regions ...... 20 Figure 7. Percentage of outlets with stock outs of selected contraceptive methods in all 4 regions ...... 21 Figure 8. Price of contraceptive methods in the private sector in all 4 regions ...... 22 Figure 9. Percentage market share for contraceptives methods in all 4 regions ...... 23 Figure 10. Within outlet market share for contraceptive methods in all 4 regions ...... 24 Figure 11. Percentage of outlets with selected contraceptive services available across all 4 regions ...... 25 Figure 12. Service readiness to provide provider-dependent contraceptive services, among outlets reportedly offering the procedure, in all 4 regions ...... 26

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Acronyms ABH Alliance for Better Health, PLC BMGF The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation CI 95% Confidence Interval COC Combined Oral Contraceptive CPR Contraceptive Prevalence Rate CSA Census Sampling Area CYP Couple Years of Protection BMGF The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation DRC The Democratic Republic of the Congo DHS Demographic and Health Survey FGAE Family Guidance Association of Ethiopia FHI-360 Family Health International-360 FMHACA Food, Medicine and Health Care Administration and Control Authority FMoH Ethiopia Federal Ministry of Health FP Family Planning FP2020 Family Planning 2020 Initiative HDA Health Development Army HEP Health Extension Program HEW Health Extension Worker HSDP Health Sector Development Program IPPF International Planned Parenthood Federation IQR Interquartile Range IUD Intrauterine Device IQA International Quality-Assured KII Key Informant Interview LARC/PM Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptive or Permanent Method LARC Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptive MSI Marie Stopes International NGO Non-governmental Organization OS Outlet survey QC Quality Controller PFSA Pharmaceutical Fund and Supply Agency PHCU Primary Health Care Unit PMA2020 Performance, Monitoring and Accountability 2020 Study POP Progesterone-only pill PSI Population Services International PSI-E Population Services International-Ethiopia PPS Probability-proportional-to-size REB Research Ethics Board-PSI RDV Rural Drug Vendor SEA Standard Enumeration Areas SNNP Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Region SRA Stringent Regulatory Authority 3MDG The Three Millennium Development Goal Fund TFR Total Fertility Rate USAID United States Agency for International Development USD US Dollar WHO World Health Organization WRA Women of Reproductive Age

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Definitions

Survey Methods Definitions

Outlet Any service delivery point or point of sale for commodities. Outlets are not restricted to stationary points of sale and may include mobile units or individuals. Outlets eligible for Outlets were administered a full questionnaire if they met at least one of three inclusion inclusion in the criteria: (1) had one or more modern contraceptive commodities (male/female study condoms, oral contraceptives, emergency contraceptives, injectable contraceptives, contraceptive implants, intrauterine devices (IUDs)) in stock at the time of the survey visit; (2) reportedly had one or more modern contraceptive commodities in stock in the previous three months; or (3) provide modern contraceptive services (contraceptive injections, implant insertions, IUD insertions, male/female sterilization) but do not sell/distribute contraceptive commodities. Outlets not providing services to the general public (e.g. military clinics, brothels, etc.) were excluded from the study. Cluster The primary sampling unit, or cluster, for the outlet survey. It is an administrative unit determined by the Ministry of Health (MOH) that hosts a population size of approximately 10,000 to 15,000 inhabitants. These units are defined by political boundaries. Censused Kebele A cluster where field teams conducted a full census of all outlets with the potential to sell, distribute or provide contraceptive commodities and/or contraceptive services.

Family Planning Terminology

Family planning The ability of individuals and couples to anticipate and attain their desired number of children and the spacing and timing of their births. (Modern) Used in reference to the actual product. This is any commodity recognized by the World Contraceptive Health Organization (WHO) as a modern form for the prevention of pregnancy and assigned commodity a Couple-Years of Protection (CYP) conversion factor by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) (https://www.usaid.gov/what-we-do/global- health/family-planning/couple-years-protection-cyp). Traditional methods (e.g., herbs) not recognized by the WHO/USAID were not included in analysis. Behavioral methods without a tangible commodity but with a CYP conversion factor (e.g., fertility awareness methods) were not included in analysis. Contraceptive Used in reference to the provider-assisted procedure associated for use of some service contraceptive commodities. This is a medical procedure to deliver a contraceptive commodity or a surgical procedure to prevent pregnancy. For analysis, these include the delivery of an injection for an injectable contraceptive, an insertion of a contraceptive implant, an insertion of an IUD and/or a male/female sterilization procedure. Procedures typically require specialized training and equipment. These are also referred to as provider- dependent procedures. Contraceptive Contraceptive method is used in a general sense to distinguish among categories of ‘choice’ method for a consumer regardless of whether a commodity or service. Couple years of CYP is the estimated protection provided by contraceptive methods during a one-year protection (CYP) period, based upon the volume of all contraceptives sold or distributed free of charge to clients during that period. The CYP is calculated by multiplying the quantity of each method

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distributed to clients by a conversion factor, to yield an estimate of the duration of contraceptive protection provided per unit of that method. See Annex 11 for more description of how CYP was used in the study. Diversity/range of Indicators that measure contraceptive method choice for an individual consumer. Commonly methods accepted indicators include three or more and five or more methods available to a consumer from: male condoms, female condoms, oral contraceptives, emergency contraceptives, injectable contraceptives, contraceptive implants, IUDs, male sterilizations, female sterilizations, vaginal rings/patches, vaginal foaming tablets and/or standard days method (e.g. Cycle Beads). Short-acting Short-acting methods are those that are designed to offer a one-time or up to three months methods of protection against pregnancy. They include male and female condoms, oral contraceptives, emergency contraceptives and injectables. Long-acting, Long-acting contraceptives are those that offer more than one year of protection against reversible pregnancy. They include all types of implants and IUDs. contraceptive (LARC) methods Permanent Permanent methods include male and female sterilizations and typically provide life-time methods protection against pregnancy and are not easily reversible. They are often grouped together with LARCs for analytic purposes as long-acting and permanent methods (LARC/PMs).

Outlet Categories for Ethiopia

Public health This outlet category includes general and specialized national, regional and district hospitals facility as well as public health centers. According to national Ethiopia National Family Planning (FP) Guidelines (http://phe-ethiopia.org/resadmin/uploads/attachment-158- National_Family_planning%20guideline%20.pdf), hospitals and health centers can provide all contraceptive commodities and contraceptive services. Variable types and numbers of staff should be available and these ideally include: obstetricians and gynecologists, general medical practitioners, health officers, nurse midwives and midwives. Health extension This outlet category includes a cadre of trained and paid women, literate and have achieved workers/health the 10th standard from local communities, who deliver a package of basic health information post and services to rural communities, including for FP, at stationary health posts. HEWs receive supportive supervision and supplies from health centers (5 health posts per 1 health center). Two HEWs staff each health post, which typically serves a kebele of 5,000 people. HEWs are supported by volunteers from the health development army to provide health education and model healthy behaviors. HEWs can provide all short-acting methods and Implanon® implants. HEWs can provide injection and implant (only for Implanon®) insertion services. Private health This outlet category includes private hospitals and clinics. Clinics are tiered and designated as facility lower, medium or higher clinics. According to national Ethiopia National FP Guidelines, lower clinics should have a minimum of a clinical or general nurse and can provide all contraceptive commodities and can perform all LARC services. In addition to these staffing arrangements and commodities/services, medium clinics also have a health officer or general medical practitioner and some can also perform permanent method (sterilization) services. Higher clinics typically are staffed with specialists such as obstetrician gynecologists and can provide all contraceptive commodities and services. Pharmacy, drug In Ethiopia, pharmacy services in the community settings are provided by pharmacies, drug

www.FPwatch.info Page 8 shop, rural drug stores and rural drug vendors (RDVs). A pharmacy is managed by a pharmacist registered vendor (RDV) with and licensed by the Food, Medicine and Health Care Administration and Control Authority (FMHACA) to dispense medicines and compound prescribed preparations. A drug store is managed by a pharmacist or druggist (a pharmacy professional with a diploma level of qualification) registered and licensed by FMHACA but unable to compound prescribed preparations. An RDV is managed by a druggist or a pharmacy technician (lower level of qualification than druggists) registered and licensed to dispense medicines. Pharmacies, drug stores and RDVs differ with regard to the legal requirements they have to fulfill to function and the scope of services and medicines provided in them. However, regulations around distribution of contraceptive commodities and services are fairly similar for all 3 outlet types. All three outlets can provide all short-acting commodities. These outlets typically do not perform contraceptive services. General retailers General retailers primarily consist of general, non-medicine, shops and kiosks. General retailers are only legally allowed to provide condoms and do not typically have staffing requirements to provide medicines including contraceptive commodities above the level of condoms.

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Introduction

This country reference document is a detailed presentation of the 2015 FPwatch outlet survey conducted in Ethiopia. The survey was conducted in the regions of Addis Ababa, Amhara, Oromia and the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Region (SNNP). These four regions account for nearly 87% of the total population of Ethiopia.

FPwatch is a multi-country research project implemented by Population Services International (PSI) (www.psi.org). Standardized tools and approaches are employed to provide comparable data across countries and over time. FPwatch is designed to provide timely, relevant and high-quality, modern contraceptive commodity and associated services market evidence. The goal of providing this market evidence is to inform and monitor national and global policy, strategy and funding decisions for improving availability of a range of quality FP information and contraceptive methods. The project was launched in 2014 with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) for Ethiopia, Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and India, and is currently funded through 2016 by the BMGF. Additional funding was secured through the Three Millennium Development Goal (3MDG) Fund for FPwatch in Myanmar. See Annex 1 for more information about the FPwatch project.

FPwatch contraceptive method market monitoring in Ethiopia has been implemented in the context of strategies designed and implemented to improve availability and choice in contraceptive methods. See Annex 2 for more information about the FP context in Ethiopia. These include national efforts to:

 Increase the contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) to 69% and reduce the total fertility rate (TFR) to 4.0 by 2015.  Reach an additional 6.2 million women and girls with a range of modern contraceptive methods as part of the FP2020 Initiative.  Increase uptake of long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods, such as through task-shifting delivery of Implanon® implants through community-based health extension workers (HEWs) and delivery of intrauterine devices (IUDs) through health centers.  Make 3 or more modern FP methods available to all Ethiopian women.  Improve coordination with a growing private sector in Ethiopia.  Improve service delivery quality and acceptance of contraceptive methods by Ethiopian women.  Explore cost-recovery mechanisms for contraceptive methods.

Report notes

 This document is a complete reference for the 2015 outlet survey. Please see annexes for information about the study context, design, implementation and data analysis.  Grey text for data appearing in report tables indicates that the estimate provided was derived from a small sample size. Specifically, grey text is used to indicate point estimates derived from a number (n) of less than 50 and median prices or service readiness to deliver contraceptive services derived from an n of less than 5.  Contraceptive commodity and service prices are reported in US dollars. Price information is captured in local currency and converted to US dollars based on exchange rates available from www.oanda.com using the historical exchange rates tool. The average exchange rate over the entire data collection period is used for converting local currency captured during data collection to US dollars.

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Summary of Methods and Data Collection

A regionally-representative FP-focused outlet survey was conducted in Ethiopia between July 6, 2015 and August 15, 2015. A full description of research design and methods is provided in Annex 3. Briefly, a representative sample of woredas was selected from each of the three regions (Amhara, Oromia and SNNP) in the first stage. In the second stage, a representative sample of kebeles was selected from selected woredas (see sampled woredas and kebeles in Annex 4 and 5). Within selected clusters, a census of all outlets with the potential to sell or distribute modern contraceptives and/or provide associated FP services was completed. In Addis Ababa, single-stage sampling was conducted among kebeles as there are no woredas for Addis Ababa.

Outlets were screened to determine eligibility. Outlets eligible for the survey met at least one of three criteria: 1) one or more modern contraceptive commodities (including oral contraceptives, emergency contraceptives, injectables, implants and/or IUDs were in stock on the day of the survey; 2) one or more modern contraceptive commodities were in stock in the three months preceding the survey; and/or 3) contraceptive services associated with commodities (contraceptive injections, implant insertions, IUD insertions) and/or permanent methods with no commodity (male/female sterilizations) were available. Some questions relating to condoms were asked of all outlets, regardless of eligibility for the full audit or provider interview, to collect information on the condom market. Outlets that do not serve the general public (e.g., military facilities) were excluded from the study. The results of the census are summarized in Figure 1. A detailed sample summary is provided in Annex 6.

A structured questionnaire was used to complete an audit of all modern contraceptive commodities as well as a provider interview for questions relating to contraceptive services (see Annex 7 for the FPwatch 2015 Ethiopia questionnaire). See Annex 8 for detailed summaries of modern contraceptive commodities audited. Key informant interviews (KIIs) were conducted with specific stakeholders to supplement information for the country background.

Double data entry was completed using Microsoft Access. All data cleaning and analysis was performed using Stata 13.1 (©StataCorp, College Station, TX). Data were weighted to account for variation in probability of outlet selection (see Annex 9), and standard error calculation reflected clustering of outlets at woreda and kebele levels. Standard indicators were constructed according to definitions applied across FPwatch project countries (see Annex 10).

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Figure 1: Survey flow diagram, Ethiopia, 2015

A Outlets enumerated* Respondent not available [22] [8,455] Outlet closed at time of visit [51] Outlets not

screened Outlet closed permanently [43] [156]

B Other [12]

Outlets screened† Refused [28] [8,299] Outlets screened with condom information‡ [2,542] Outlets that did not meet screening criteria [6,213] C Outlets that met screening criteria [2,085] 1 = [2,012] Interview interrupted [2] 2 = [31] 3 = [42] Respondent not available [0] Outlets not interviewed Outlet closed at time of visit [0] [3] Other [0] D § Outlets interviewed Refused [1] [2,082] 1 = [2,009] 2= [31] 3= [42]

1: Modern contraceptive (including oral contraceptives, emergency contraceptives, injectables, implants or IUDs) in stock on day of visit 2: Modern contraceptives reportedly in stock during the previous 3 months but not on the day of the visit 3: Modern family planning services (including injections, implant or IUD insertions, or sterilizations) available but no modern contraceptives in stock * Identified as outlets with potential to sell or distribute modern contraceptive commodities (condoms, oral contraceptives, emergency contraceptives, injectables, implants, IUDs) and/or provide contraceptive procedures (contraceptive injections, implant insertions, IUD insertionss, male/female sterilizations) during the census † Administered questions assessing condom availability, price and volume regardless of eligibility ‡ Administered questions to assess current or recent (previous 3 months) availability of modern contraceptives and modern family planning services § A partial or complete interview was conducted with an outlet representative

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Summary of Key Findings

Table S1: Key results, by outlet type—All 4 Regions, 2015

Public ALL Private ALL HEW / Drug General ALL Health Public / Not- Health Pharmacy Private Health Post Shop/RDV Retailer Outlets Facility For-Profit* Facility Medical† % % % % % % % % %

(95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) Readiness for providing modern contraceptive methods N=287 N=775 N=1,081 N=586 N=215 N=292 N=1,093 N=6,125 N=8,299 Proportion of all screened outlets‡ with: 99.3 98.7 98.3 95.1 100.0 97.6 96.3 11.3 33.3 Availability of at least one method (97.2, 99.8) (96.9, 99.5) (96.9, 99.1) (92.4, 96.8) - (94.3, 99.0) (94.6, 97.5) (9.1, 13.9) (30.3, 36.4) Readiness for providing modern contraceptive methods N=283 N=766 N=1,060 N=547 N=215 N=286 N=1,048 N=773 N=2,881 Proportion of all outlets with 1+ modern contraceptive commodity or service§ with: 98.2 82.4 85.8 64.0 90.7 79.1 71.2 0.0 59.7 Availability of 3+ methods (95.7, 99.2) (77.5, 86.5) (82.1, 88.8) (56.6, 70.7) (85.7, 94.0) (72.8, 84.3) (66.4, 75.6) - (55.1, 64.1) Availability of 3+ methods, including at least 1 90.1 66.5 71.7 18.0 10.9 6.7 14.1 0.0 36.1 LARC (80.4, 95.3) (60.6, 71.9) (66.8, 76.2) (14.5, 22.2) (6.2, 18.4) (2.6, 16.0) (11.2, 17.7) - (31.7, 40.6) 67.3 5.5 19.7 10.9 10.0 3.3 8.8 0.0 11.4 Availability of 5+ methods (58.7, 74.9) (3.8, 7.7) (17.0, 22.7) (8.4, 14.0) (5.5, 17.4) (1.5, 7.2) (6.7, 11.4) - (10.0, 13.0) 96.1 79.1 82.9 78.7 97.2 91.2 84.3 100.0 87.6 Availability of male condoms (93.2, 97.8) (74.7, 82.9) (79.5, 85.8) (70.4, 85.1) (93.4, 98.8) (84.1, 95.3) (78.0, 89.0) - (84.8, 90.0) 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.4 3.1 0.2 0.7 - 0.5 Availability of female condoms (0.0, 1.4) (0.1, 1.9) (0.2, 1.5) (0.2, 1.2) (1.2, 7.8) (0.1, 0.6) (0.4, 1.3) - (0.3, 0.8) 95.2 83.9 86.4 70.9 97.4 95.0 80.5 - 62.8 Availability of oral contraceptives (91.7, 97.3) (80.0, 87.3) (83.2, 89.1) (62.9, 77.8) (92.8, 99.1) (90.1, 97.6) (76.3, 84.2) - (58.2, 67.2) 50.7 7.5 17.5 31.1 68.3 57.0 42.5 - 20.7 Availability of emergency contraceptives (43.3, 58.1) (5.5, 10.1) (14.7, 20.8) (24.6, 38.5) (55.4, 79.0) (47.2, 66.2) (35.6, 49.7) - (18.2, 23.5) 90.2 88.6 88.9 77.9 74.1 67.5 74.7 - 62.1 Availability of injectables (83.2, 94.5) (84.3, 91.8) (84.7, 92.0) (72.1, 82.8) (67.0, 80.2) (58.7, 75.3) (70.6, 78.3) - (57.1, 66.9) 89.4 70.9 75.0 17.6 6.0 5.4 12.9 - 37.1 Availability of implants (79.9, 94.7) (64.9, 76.3) (69.9, 79.5) (14.5, 21.2) (3.4, 10.5) (2.1, 13.5) (10.8, 15.4) - (32.8, 41.7) 70.5 1.1 17.0 12.3 5.2 2.4 8.8 - 10.2 IUDs (Copper T) (61.7, 78.0) (0.6, 2.1) (14.7, 19.7) (9.6, 15.5) (2.6, 10.2) (0.6, 9.1) (6.9, 11.1) - (9.0, 11.5) 94.4 99.6 98.3 97.3 4.2 11.0 62.8 - 84.0 Availability of injection service (80.9, 98.6) (98.7, 99.9) (95.1, 99.5) (94.7, 98.6) (1.3, 12.6) (6.6, 17.9) (57.6, 67.7) - (79.6, 87.6) 91.7 77.3 80.3 20.7 0.0 0.2 12.7 - 53.0 Availability of implant insertion service (81.1, 96.6) (70.8, 82.6) (74.7, 85.0) (17.1, 24.8) - (0.0, 1.6) (10.9, 14.7) - (47.6, 58.2) www.FPwatch.info Page 13

70.1 0.0 16.7 16.5 0.0 0.0 10.0 - 14.0 Availability of IUD insertion service (61.2, 77.7) - (14.3, 19.4) (12.8, 20.8) - - (8.1, 12.4) - (12.3, 15.9) 1.9 0.0 0.5 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.3 - 0.4 Availability of male sterilization (1.0, 3.6) - (0.3, 0.9) (0.2, 1.1) - - (0.1, 0.6) - (0.3, 0.6) 2.8 0.0 0.7 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.3 - 0.5 Availability of female sterilization (1.5, 5.4) - (0.4, 1.3) (0.2, 1.2) - - (0.1, 0.7) - (0.3, 0.9) Contraceptive market performance, market % % % % % % % % share of CYP within outlet types|| % Market share within outlets for male 2.4 5.0 3.5 4.9 14.0 13.6 7.8 100.0 - condoms % Market share within outlets for female - - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 condoms % Market share within outlets for oral - - 1.1 2.4 1.6 7.3 33.6 23.3 14.2 contraceptives % Market share within outlets for emergency - - 0.1 0.0 0.1 1.4 18.9 10.9 5.7 contraceptives % Market share within outlets for injectables 13.9 31.4 21.3 44.1 31.3 51.0 43.4 - - % Market share within outlets for implants 58.5 60.8 59.6 31.6 2.0 1.2 21.7 - - % Market share within outlets for IUDs - - 23.1 0.5 13.5 10.7 0.2 0.0 7.2 (Copper T) % Market share within outlets for male ------0.1 0.1 - sterilization % Market share within outlets for female - - - - - 0.7 0.4 0.0 0.0 sterilization Contraceptive market performance, median Median price Median price Median price Median price Median price Median price Median price Median price Median price price¶ per CYP** in USD [IQR] in USD [IQR] in USD [IQR] in USD [IQR] in USD [IQR] in USD [IQR] in USD [IQR] in USD [IQR] in USD [IQR] $ 0.00 (267) $ 0.00 (612) $ 0.00 (886) $ 0.03 (389) $ 0.05 (208) $ 0.03 (269) $ 0.03 (866) $ 0.02 (750) - Male condoms (0.00, 0.00) (0.00, 0.00) (0.00, 0.00) [0.02, 0.05] [0.03, 0.05] [0.03, 0.05] [0.02, 0.05] [0.01, 0.04] - $ 0.00 (1) $ 0.00 (2) $ 0.00 (6) $ 0.00 (4) $ 0.24 (12) $ 0.15 (3) $ 0.15 (19) - - Female condoms (0.00, 0.00) (0.00, 0.00) (0.00, 0.00) [0.00, 0.15] [0.15, 0.29] [0.10, 0.24] [0.00, 0.24] - - $ 0.00 (417) $ 0.00 (711) $ 0.00 (1,136) $ 0.15 (454) $ 0.36 (494) $ 0.15 (456) $ 0.15 (1404) - - Oral contraceptives (0.00, 0.00) (0.00, 0.00) (0.00, 0.00) [0.15, 0.29] [0.15, 0.58] [0.15, 0.49] [0.15, 0.49] - - $ 0.00 (174) $ 0.00 (61) $ 0.00 (240) $ 0.49 (170) $ 0.49 (166) $ 0.49 (189) $ 0.49 (525) - - Emergency contraceptives (0.00, 0.00) (0.00, 0.00) (0.00, 0.00) [0.49, 0.73] [0.49, 0.58] [0.49, 0.58] [0.49, 0.58] - - $ 0.00 (306) $ 0.00 (724) $ 0.00 (1,036) $ 0.34 (415) $ 0.24 (128) $ 0.24 (172) $ 0.34 (715) - - Injectables†† (0.00, 0.00) (0.00, 0.00) (0.00, 0.00) [0.24, 0.49] [0.24, 0.29] [0.24, 0.39] [0.24, 0.49] - - $ 0.00 (510) $ 0.00 (559) $ 0.00 (1,079) $ 1.46 (180) $ 0.83 (8) $ 0.97 (10) $ 1.46 (198) - - Implants†† (0.00, 0.00) (0.00, 0.00) (0.00, 0.00) [0.73, 1.95] [0.73, 2.43] [0.00, 2.43] [0.73, 1.95] - - IUDs†† 0.00 (209) $ 0.00 (7) $ 0.00 (221) 0.29 (37) 0.00 (2) - 0.29 (39) - - www.FPwatch.info Page 14

(0.00, 0.00) (0.00, 0.00) (0.00, 0.00) [0.15, 0.49] [0.00, 0.08] - [0.12, 0.49] - - * The denominator includes 19 private not-for-profit outlets. † ALL Private Medical includes private health facilities, pharmacies, drug shops/RDV. This category excludes general retailers. ‡ The denominator includes 3 outlets that met screening criteria for a full interview but did not complete interview (were not interviewed or completed a partial interview). § Modern contraceptive commodities include: male condoms, female condoms, oral contraceptives, emergency contraceptives, injectables, implants and/or IUDs. Contraceptive services include: injections, implant insertions, IUD insertions, male/female sterilizations. || Market share = percent volume in CYP accounted for by each contraceptive method sold/distributed within each outlet type. ¶ CYP – Couple Year Protection is the estimated protection provided by contraceptive methods during a one-year period, based upon the volume of all contraceptive methods sold or distributed free of charge to clients during that period (see Annex 11). ** Based on the average rate of exchange from July 6 – August 15, 2015 of 20.56 Birr per 1 USD. †† Median price for contraceptives with an associated contraceptive service (contraceptive injection, implant/IUD insertion) may also include the associated service price. Source: FPwatch Outlet Survey, Ethiopia, 2016.

www.FPwatch.info Page 15 Figure 2a. Modern contraceptive method market composition – in all 4 regions, 2015 Among all outlets stocking at least 1 modern contraceptive or providing at least 1 contraceptive service, by outlet type

25% Public Health Facility 5% HEW / Health Post Private Health Facility 46% 11% Pharmacy Drug Shop / RDV 14% N = 2,082

Fourteen percent of outlets with modern contraceptive methods (excluding those only stocking condoms) available were public health facilities and nearly half were HEWs. One-quarter were private health facilities and 16 percent were pharmacies, drug shops or RDVs. No general retailers provided methods other than condoms.

Figure 2b. Modern contraceptive method market composition: outlet type distribution, by region, 2015 Among all outlets stocking at least 1 modern contraceptive or providing at least 1 contraceptive service (excluding outlets with condoms only) for a given region

Addis Ababa; N=377 Amhara; N=568 SNNP; N=503 Public Health Facility Oromia; N=632 1% 0% 6% 0% 3% HEW/Health Post 1% 20% 30% 3% 35% Private Not-For-Profit 12% 15% 10% 61% Private Health Facility 48% 12% 17% 43% 7% Pharmacy 17% 35% 12% 14% Drug Shop/RDV

The urban Addis Ababa region differed significantly from the predominantly rural regions in market composition. In Addis Ababa, one-third of outlets with modern methods were private health facilities and one-third pharmacies. Public and not-for-profit facilities only made up about 13 percent of the market composition in Addis Ababa. In the predominantly rural regions, HEWs accounted for 43-61 percent of the market. Private sector outlets accounted for a range of roughly 45 percent of the market composition in Oromia to 36 percent in Amhara and 25 percent in SNNP. Pharmacies, drug shops and RDVs accounted for a range of 10-15 percent of the market in rural regions.

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Figure 3. Percentage of modern contraceptive commodity-stocking outlets with selected non-hormonal short-acting contraceptives available in all 4 regions Among all screened outlets, by outlet type

100

0 Public Health Facility HEW / Health Post Private Health Facility Pharmacy Drug Shop / RDV General Retailer

Male condoms Female condoms

Among public sector outlets, high availability was observed for male condoms across outlet types. In the private sector, over 75% of private health facilities, pharmacies, and drug shop/RDVs also had male condoms available. Availability of female condoms was low, with 3% of pharmacies carrying female condoms and less than 1% of all other outlet types carrying the method.

www.FPwatch.info Page 17

Figure 4. Percentage of modern contraceptive commodity-stocking outlets with selected hormonal short-acting contraceptives available in all 4 regions Among all screened outlets, by outlet type

100

0 Public Health Facility HEW / Health Post Private Health Facility Pharmacy Drug Shop / RDV Oral contraceptives Combined oral contraceptives Progestin-only pills Emergency contraceptives Contraceptive injectables

High availability was observed for public sector outlets for oral contraceptives (primarily combined oral contraceptives) and injectables (> 80 percent). Emergency contraceptives were less likely to be available with only about half of public facilities and less than 10 percent of HEWs having emergency contraceptives in stock. Among private sector outlets, most pharmacies and drug shops/RDVs had oral contraceptives (primarily combined oral contraceptives) in stock (> 90 percent). High availability of injectables (65% or more) was seen in all facilities, pharmacies and drug shops/RDVs. The private sector was more likely to carry emergency contraceptives compared to public sector outlets with about 55 percent or more of pharmacies and drug shops/RDVs stocking emergency contraceptives and about 30 percent of private health facilities stocking them on the day of the survey.

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Figure 5. Percentage of modern contraceptive commodity-stocking outlets with selected long-acting contraceptives available in all 4 regions Among all screened outlets, by outlet type

100

0 Public Health Facility HEW / Health Post Private Health Facility Pharmacy Drug Shop / RDV Implants IUDs

Among public sector outlets, about 90 percent of public facilities and over two-thirds of HEWs stocked implants. More than two-thirds of public facilities carried IUDs while HEWs rarely had IUDs in stock. Among private sector outlets, implants and IUDs were rarely stocked. Implants (less than 20 percent) and IUDs (about 12 percent) were available in some private facilities. Less than 10% of pharmacies and drug shop/RDVs had implants or IUDs in stock when surveyed.

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Figure 6. Percentage of outlets with selected method mixes available in all 4 regions Among all screened outlets, by outlet type

100

0 Public Health Facility HEW / Health Post Private Health Facility Pharmacy Drug Shop / RDV

Any modern method 3+ methods 3+ methods with LARC/PM 5+ methods

Availability of any modern contraceptive method was high across outlet types in both sectors, with over 95% of outlets having any modern method. Over 80% of public sector outlets had availability of 3+ methods and over two-thirds of public health facilities had 5+ methods available. Among private sector outlets, over 60% of private health facilities, over 90% of pharmacies, and over ¾ of drug shop/RDVs have 3+ methods. Roughly 10% of private health facilities and pharmacies have 5+ methods available, and just 3% of drug shop/RDVs had 5+ methods available.

www.FPwatch.info Page 20

Figure 7. Percentage of outlets with stock outs of selected contraceptive methods in all 4 regions Among all outlets reportedly stocking the method at any time in the previous three months, by outlet type

100

0 Public Health Facility HEW / Health Post Private Health Facility Pharmacy Drug Shop / RDV

Oral contraceptives Emergency contraceptives Injectables Implants IUDs

Between 7 and 11 percent of all outlet types had oral contraceptives in stock in the previous three months but did not have them available on the day of survey. About 20 percent of HEWs did not offer implants and 8 percent were currently stocked out. Less than 4percent of public sector outlets were out of stock of emergency contraceptives. Less than 4percent of implants were out of stock across public sector outlets and 2percent of public health facilities did not have IUDs in stock on the day of the survey but did stock them in the previous three months. In the private sector, 6 percent of private facilities, 7 percent of pharmacies and 9 percent of drug shops/RDVs that had stocked emergency contraceptives in the past three months were currently stocked out. Smaller proportions of private facilities (7 percent), pharmacies (1 percent) and drug shops/RDVs (4percent) that had injectables previously available had injectables currently out of stock. Six percent of private health facilities, 9percent of pharmacies, and 5percent of drug shop/RDVs were stocked out of IUDs when surveyed.

www.FPwatch.info Page 21

Figure 8. Price of contraceptive methods in the private sector in all 4 regions Median price in USD and USD/CYP with interquartile range, by contraceptive method

$35.00

$30.00

$25.00

$20.00 $17.52

$15.00 $9.73 $10.00 $6.57 $3.89 $5.00 $2.19 $2.19 $1.36 $0.46 $0.32 $- Male condoms Female condoms Oral Combined oral Progestin-only Emergency Contraceptive Implants IUDs contraceptives contraceptives pills contraceptives injectables All Private USD All Private USD per CYP

Comparing private outlet types, few significant differences were seen in price per CYP for short-acting methods. The median price for oral contraceptives tended to be higher in pharmacies, but other short-acting contraceptive prices were relatively uniform across outlet types. While few pharmacies and drug shops/RDVs provided LARCs, the median price tended to be lower compared to private health facilities. Comparing methods, the median price tended to be highest for emergency contraceptives at $9.73 per CYP (20 doses) across private outlets, followed by oral contraceptives (15 doses), male condoms (120 condoms) and injectables (4 doses) at $1.36 per CYP in all private outlets. LARCs were significantly less costly with the median cost of implants at $0.46 (for 2.5, 3.2 or 3.8 CYPs) and the median cost of IUDs at $0.32 (for 4.6 CYPs). There were no significant differences in price by outlet type or region.

www.FPwatch.info Page 22

Figure 9. Percentage market share for contraceptives methods in all 4 regions As a % of total CYP sold/distributed, by outlet type and sector

100 Female sterilization Male sterilization IUDs Implants 80 Injectables Emergency contraceptives Oral contraceptives 60 Female condoms Male condoms

Public outlets accounted for just over 80 percent of CYP compared to nearly 20 percent for private outlets. The majority of total CYP was accounted for by implants in the public sector (nearly half of all CYP), despite injectables being the most common method used in Ethiopia. Injectables accounted for one-quarter of the total CYP, with about 17 percent from the public sector and 8 percent from the private sector. IUDs accounted for 12 percent, with most from the public sector.

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Figure 10. Within outlet market share for contraceptive methods in all 4 regions As a % of total CYP sold/distributed within outlet type and sector, by outlet type and sector

100

Female sterilization Male sterilization 80 IUDs Implants Injectables 60 Emergency contraceptives Oral contraceptives 40 Female condoms Male condoms 20

Within outlet types, implants accounted for the largest share (about 60 percent) of CYP in public facilities and HEWs. IUDs accounted for 20 percent of the share of CYP for public facilities. In private outlets, LARCs accounted for about 40 percent of private facilities while short-acting methods accounted for the majority of pharmacy (about 60 percent) and drug shop/RDV (nearly all) CYP.

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Figure 11. Percentage of outlets with selected contraceptive services available across all 4 regions Among all screened outlets, by outlet type

Contraceptive injection services were available at over 90 percent of public health facilities and over 95 percent of HEWs in the public sector, and 91 percent of private health facilities, 4 percent of pharmacies, and 11 percent of drug shops. Availability of implant insertion services was 90 percent in public health facilities and 76 percent among HEWs. IUD insertion services were available in about 70 percent of public health facilities. Availability of implant and IUD insertion services was low (15 percent) in private compared to public facilities. A small number of pharmacies and drug shops/RDVs reported offering injection services while less than 1 percent reported offering implants and none offered IUD insertions. Sterilization services were rarely available, even in public health facilities.

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Figure 12. Service readiness to provide provider-dependent contraceptive services, among outlets reportedly offering the procedure, in all 4 regions Among outlets reportedly offering the service, by outlet type

Service readiness is defined as having the commodity, trained providers and minimum equipment to deliver the service. Among public and private health facilities reportedly offering each respectice service, more than 70 percent were service ready for contraceptive injections, contraceptive implant insertions, and IUD inserstions. Service readiness among HEWs reportedly offering the service was also relatively high for injection services (almost three-quarters) and implants (62%). Male and female sterilizations were only available in higher-level public and private health facilities. For those those offering female sterilization services, less than 60 percent were service- ready for female sterilizatoni in public facilities and 40 percent were service ready for female sterilization in private facilities.

www.FPwatch.info Page 26

Results Section A: Core Indicators for All Four Regions Combined1

Table A1a: Modern contraceptive method market composition—All 4 Regions

Public ALL ALL HEW / Health Private Health Drug Shop / Health Public / Not- Pharmacy Private General Retailer Post Facility RDV Facility For-Profit* Medical† Outlet type, among outlets stocking at least 1 modern contraceptive % % % % % % % % commodity‡ or providing at least 1 (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) contraceptive service,§ on the day of the survey:|| 10.1 34.0 44.3 18.7 3.7 8.2 30.5 25.2 N=2,881 (8.7, 11.6) (29.0, 39.4) (38.9, 49.8) (16.0, 21.6) (2.5, 5.3) (6.4, 10.4) (26.1, 35.3) (20.4, 30.8) * The denominator includes 19 private not-for-profit outlets. † ALL Private Medical includes private health facilities, pharmacies, drug shops/RDV. This category excludes general retailers. ‡ Includes: male condoms, female condoms, oral contraceptives, emergency contraceptives, injectables, implants, IUDs § Includes: contraceptive injection, implant insertion, IUD insertion, male/female sterilization. || The denominator includes 3 outlets that met screening criteria for a full interview but did not complete interview (were not interviewed or completed a partial interview). Source: FPwatch Outlet Survey, Ethiopia, 2016.

1 The four regions of Addis Ababa, Amhara, Oromia and SNNP account for approximately 87% of the total population of Ethiopia according to the 2007 census. Estimates for the four regions were combined to generate approximate estimates for Ethiopia. www.FPwatch.info Page 27

Table A1b: Modern contraceptive method market composition—excluding outlets with condoms only*—All 4 Regions

Public ALL ALL HEW / Health Private Health Drug Shop / Health Public / Not- Pharmacy Private General Retailer Post Facility RDV Facility For-Profit† Medical‡ Outlet type, among outlets stocking at least 1 modern contraceptive % % % % % % % % commodity (excluding condoms)§ or (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) providing at least 1 contraceptive service,|| on the day of the survey:¶ 13.6 45.7 59.5 24.7 4.9 10.9 40.5 - N=2,082 (12.0, 15.3) (39.8, 51.8) (53.6, 65.2) (21.4, 28.3) (3.4, 7.2) (8.5, 13.7) (34.8, 46.4) - * This alternative indicator to A6a purposefully excludes all outlets that had no modern contraceptive methods above the level of male/female condoms. † The denominator includes 19 private not-for-profit outlets. ‡ ALL Private Medical includes private health facilities, pharmacies, drug shops/RDV. This category excludes general retailers. § Includes: oral contraceptives, emergency contraceptives, injectables, implants, IUDs || Includes: contraceptive injection, implant insertion, IUD insertion, male/female sterilization. ¶ The denominator includes 3 outlets that met screening criteria for a full interview but did not complete interview (were not interviewed or completed a partial interview). Source: FPwatch Outlet Survey, Ethiopia, 2016.

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Table A2: Availability of modern contraceptive method categories, among outlets screened, by outlet type – Ethiopia, 2015 Public Health HEW / Health ALL Public / Private Health Drug Shop / ALL Private Pharmacy General Retailer ALL Outlets Facility Post Not-For-Profit* Facility RDV Medical† % % % % % % % % %

(95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) Proportion of outlets screened, N=287 N=775 N=1,081 N=586 N=215 N=292 N=1,093 N=6,125 N=8,299 currently stocking / providing†: 99.3 98.7 98.3 95.1 100.0 97.6 96.3 11.3 33.3 Any modern method (97.2, 99.8) (96.9, 99.5) (96.9, 99.1) (92.4, 96.8) - (94.3, 99.0) (94.6, 97.5) (9.1, 13.9) (30.3, 36.4) 98.8 98.0 97.6 88.4 100.0 97.6 92.2 11.3 32.8 Any short-acting method (96.4, 99.6) (95.4, 99.2) (95.5, 98.7) (83.4, 92.1) - (94.3, 99.0) (89.3, 94.4) (9.1, 13.9) (29.9, 35.7) 89.5 70.3 74.1 18.3 10.9 6.5 14.4 0.0 12.6 Any LARC method (80.1, 94.8) (64.3, 75.7) (68.9, 78.8) (15.0, 22.2) (6.2, 18.4) (2.5, 15.7) (11.7, 17.5) - (11.1, 14.4) 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Any permanent method (0.0, 1.5) - (0.0, 0.3) (0.0, 0.3) - - (0.0, 0.2) - - 89.5 70.3 74.1 18.4 10.9 6.5 14.4 0.0 12.6 Any LA/PM (80.1, 94.8) (64.3, 75.7) (68.9, 78.8) (15.0, 22.3) (6.2, 18.4) (2.5, 15.7) (11.7, 17.5) - (11.1, 14.4) * Private Medical category includes private health facilities, pharmacies, drug shops/RDV; this category excludes general retailers. † ALL Private Medical includes private health facilities, pharmacies, drug shops/RDV. This category excludes general retailers. Source: FPwatch Outlet Survey, Ethiopia, 2016

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Table A3: Availability of selected contraceptive commodities, among outlets screened, by outlet type – Ethiopia, 2015 Public Health HEW / Health ALL Public / Private Health Drug Shop / ALL Private Pharmacy General Retailer ALL Outlets Facility Post Not-For-Profit* Facility RDV Medical* % % % % % % % % %

(95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) Proportion of outlets screened, N=287 N=775 N=1,081 N=586 N=215 N=292 N=1,093 N=6,125 N=8,299 currently stocking†: 95.5 78.1 81.5 74.8 97.2 89.0 81.2 11.3 29.2 Male condoms (92.5, 97.3) (73.7, 81.9) (78.2, 84.4) (66.2, 81.8) (93.4, 98.8) (82.8, 93.2) (74.8, 86.2) (9.1, 13.9) (26.5, 32.0) 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.4 3.1 0.2 0.7 0.0 0.2 Female condoms (0.0, 1.4) (0.1, 1.9) (0.2, 1.5) (0.2, 1.1) (1.2, 7.8) (0.1, 0.6) (0.4, 1.2) - (0.1, 0.3) 94.5 82.9 84.9 67.4 97.4 92.7 77.6 0.0 20.9 Oral contraceptives (90.6, 96.9) (78.8, 86.3) (81.7, 87.7) (59.3, 74.6) (92.8, 99.1) (86.5, 96.2) (73.1, 81.4) - (18.6, 23.5) 94.5 82.9 84.9 67.4 97.4 92.7 77.6 0.0 20.9 IQA† oral contraceptives (90.6, 96.9) (78.8, 86.3) (81.7, 87.7) (59.3, 74.6) (92.8, 99.1) (86.5, 96.2) (73.1, 81.4) - (18.6, 23.5) 88.3 77.0 79.0 66.4 95.0 92.5 76.6 0.0 19.9 Combined oral contraceptives (83.0, 92.0) (72.2, 81.2) (74.9, 82.6) (58.3, 73.6) (88.3, 98.0) (86.2, 96.0) (72.2, 80.4) - (17.6, 22.5) 29.8 11.6 15.7 9.6 47.1 23.7 17.7 0.0 4.2 Progestin-only pills (24.0, 36.4) (8.3, 16.0) (12.4, 19.7) (5.4, 16.6) (32.4, 62.2) (16.4, 32.9) (12.6, 24.2) - (3.3, 5.3) 50.3 7.4 17.2 29.6 68.3 55.6 40.9 0.0 6.9 Emergency contraceptives (42.9, 57.8) (5.5, 10.0) (14.4, 20.4) (23.4, 36.6) (55.4, 79.0) (45.9, 64.9) (34.4, 47.9) - (5.9, 8.1) 46.1 7.4 16.2 28.6 63.5 54.3 39.4 0.0 6.6 IQA† emergency contraceptives (38.7, 53.6) (5.4, 10.0) (13.4, 19.4) (22.6, 35.4) (50.3, 74.9) (44.7, 63.7) (33.0, 46.3) - (5.6, 7.8) 89.6 87.5 87.3 74.0 74.1 65.9 71.9 0.0 20.7 Contraceptive injectables (All DMPA) (82.7, 94.0) (83.0, 90.9) (83.3, 90.5) (67.7, 79.5) (67.0, 80.2) (57.2, 73.6) (67.7, 75.7) - (18.3, 23.3) 17.1 16.6 16.7 5.0 1.6 0.3 3.4 0.0 2.9 IQA† injectables (11.4, 24.8) (11.3, 23.5) (11.8, 23.1) (3.2, 7.8) (0.2, 10.8) (0.0, 2.1) (2.2, 5.1) - (2.0, 4.1) 88.8 70.0 73.7 16.7 6.0 5.3 12.4 0.0 12.4 Contraceptive implants (79.6, 94.1) (64.1, 75.4) (68.5, 78.3) (13.7, 20.2) (3.4, 10.5) (2.0, 13.2) (10.3, 14.9) - (10.8, 14.1) 88.8 70.0 73.7 16.7 6.0 5.3 12.4 0.0 12.4 IQA† implants (79.6, 94.1) (64.1, 75.4) (68.5, 78.3) (13.7, 20.2) (3.4, 10.5) (2.0, 13.2) (10.3, 14.9) - (10.8, 14.1) 84.7 69.6 72.5 13.1 0.9 0.9 8.5 0.0 11.8 3-year implants (76.3, 90.5) (63.6, 75.1) (67.2, 77.2) (10.1, 16.7) (0.2, 4.0) (0.2, 3.7) (6.8, 10.5) - (10.3, 13.5) 24.0 0.6 5.9 7.0 5.1 4.9 6.2 0.0 1.5 4-year implants (17.4, 32.1) (0.1, 2.2) (4.4, 7.9) (5.0, 9.8) (2.6, 9.7) (1.7, 13.0) (4.4, 8.8) - (1.3, 1.9) 56.6 1.6 14.1 7.3 0.6 0.0 4.6 0.0 2.6 5-year implants (47.2, 65.6) (0.8, 3.3) (11.9, 16.6) (4.8, 11.1) (0.2, 2.5) - (3.0, 7.0) - (2.2, 3.1) 70.0 1.1 16.7 11.7 5.2 2.3 8.4 0.0 3.4 IUDs (All Copper T) (61.2, 77.5) (0.5, 2.1) (14.4, 19.3) (9.1, 14.8) (2.6, 10.2) (0.6, 8.9) (6.6, 10.7) - (2.9, 4.0) 70.0 1.1 16.7 11.7 5.2 2.3 8.4 0.0 3.4 IQA† IUDs (61.2, 77.5) (0.5, 2.1) (14.4, 19.3) (9.1, 14.8) (2.6, 10.2) (0.6, 8.9) (6.6, 10.7) - (2.9, 4.0) * Private Medical category includes private health facilities, pharmacies, drug shops/RDV; this category excludes general retailers. www.FPwatch.info Page 30

(95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) Proportion of outlets screened, N=287 N=775 N=1,081 N=586 N=215 N=292 N=1,093 N=6,125 N=8,299 currently stocking†: † International quality-assured (IQA) contraceptives are defined as those on the WHO Prequalification or a Stringent Regulatory Authority (SRA) list. All oral contraceptive brands and nearly all emergency contraceptive brands found in Ethiopia were internationally quality assured according to this definition. Only 1 brand of injectable met this standard. See Annex 8 for a list of all brands found in survey and quality-assurance indications. Source: FPwatch Outlet Survey, Ethiopia, 2015

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Table A4: Availability of modern contraceptive method diversity, among outlets screened, by outlet type – Ethiopia, 2015 Public Health HEW / Health ALL Public / Private Health Drug Shop / ALL Private Pharmacy General Retailer ALL Outlets Facility Post Not-For-Profit* Facility RDV Medical* % % % % % % % % %

(95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) Proportion of outlets screened, N=287 N=775 N=1,081 N=586 N=215 N=292 N=1,093 N=6,125 N=8,299 currently stocking / providing†: 97.5 81.4 84.3 60.8 90.7 77.2 68.6 0.0 19.9 3+ methods‡ (94.7, 98.8) (76.5, 85.5) (80.7, 87.4) (53.2, 67.9) (85.7, 94.0) (70.6, 82.7) (63.6, 73.2) - (17.7, 22.3) 89.5 65.7 70.5 17.1 10.9 6.5 13.6 0.0 12.0 3+ methods with LARC (80.1, 94.8) (59.9, 71.0) (65.6, 75.1) (13.6, 21.2) (6.2, 18.4) (2.5, 15.7) (10.7, 17.1) - (10.5, 13.7) 89.5 65.7 70.5 17.1 10.9 6.5 13.6 0.0 12.0 3+ methods with LA/PM (80.1, 94.8) (59.9, 71.0) (65.6, 75.1) (13.7, 21.2) (6.2, 18.4) (2.5, 15.7) (10.7, 17.1) - (10.5, 13.7) 66.9 5.4 19.4 10.3 10.0 3.3 8.4 0.0 3.8 5+ methods§ (58.2, 74.5) (3.8, 7.6) (16.7, 22.3) (7.9, 13.4) (5.5, 17.4) (1.5, 7.1) (6.4, 11.0) - (3.3, 4.4) * Private Medical category includes private health facilities, pharmacies, drug shops/RDV; this category excludes general retailers. Source: FPwatch Outlet Survey, Ethiopia, 2016

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Table A5: Current stock out of selected modern contraceptive commodities on day of survey, among outlets reportedly stocking method in previous 3 months, by outlet type – Ethiopia, 2015 Public Health HEW / Health ALL Public / Private Health ALL Private Pharmacy Drug Shop / RDV General Retailer ALL Outlets Facility Post Not-For-Profit* Facility Medical* Proportion of outlets reportedly stocking method in % (n) % (n) % (n) % (n) % (n) % (n) % (n) % (n) % (n) previous 3 months, currently (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) stocked out of†,‡: 7.4 6.5 6.7 8.5 7.1 11.1 9.1 - 7.6 Oral contraceptives [4.2, 12.5] (269) [4.4, 9.5] (642) [4.8, 9.1] (917) [5.0, 14.0] (351) [2.3, 20.0] (211) [6.6, 18.1] (273) [5.7, 14.1] (835) - [5.7, 10.1] (1,752) 3.8 3.6 3.7 6.3 6.6 9.4 7.5 - 6.1 Emergency contraceptives [1.2, 11.2] (153) [0.9, 12.6] (61) [1.5, 8.7] (219) [3.0, 12.7] (169) [2.4, 16.6] (161) [5.0, 17.1] (186) [5.0, 11.0] (516) - [4.2, 8.7] (735) 3.4 5.6 5.1 7.0 1.0 3.8 5.5 - 5.2 Contraceptive injectables [1.3, 8.6] (259) [3.9, 7.9] (689) [3.6, 7.1] (954) [4.3, 11.1] (414) [0.3, 3.6] (143) [1.4, 9.8] (185) [3.6, 8.3] (742) - [4.1, 6.7] (1,696) 0.8 3.3 2.7 3.9 7.3 0.0 3.6 - 2.8 Contraceptive implants [0.2, 2.9] (255) [1.9, 5.6] (568) [1.7, 4.3] (828) [0.9, 15.1] (124) [1.6, 27.5] (13) [0.0, 0.0] (14) [1.0, 12.6] (151) - [1.8, 4.3] (979) 2.3 0.0 2.2 6.0 9.2 4.7 6.1 - 3.3 IUDs [1.0, 5.2] (211) [0.0, 0.0] (13) [1.0, 4.9] (229) [2.7, 12.6] (103) [1.9, 34.2] (14) [0.5, 34.7] (8) [3.1, 11.7] (125) - [1.9, 5.5] (354) * Private Medical category includes private health facilities, pharmacies, drug shops/RDV; this category excludes general retailers. † This indicator is among all screened outlets that reportedly stocked the method in the previous 3 months. It does not account for whether the outlet is expected to provide the commodity according to national regulations. It is a point- in-time stock out indicator from https://www.rhsupplies.org/fileadmin/uploads/rhsc/Issues/Addressing_Stockouts/Takestock/Documents/Using_the_Power_of_Partnership_to_Speak_the_Same_Language_on_Stockouts.pdf. It is defined as the percentage of facilities reporting that they have stocked the method in the previous 3 months but were stocked out on the day of the assessment. Source: FPwatch Outlet Survey, Ethiopia, 2016

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Table A6a: Price of selected modern contraceptive methods in USD, by private outlet type—All 4 Regions

ALL Private Health Facility Pharmacy Drug Shop / RDV General Retailer Private Medical*

Median (N) Median (N) Median (N) Median (N) Median (N) Median price of method in USD†‡ [IQR] [IQR] [IQR] [IQR] [IQR] $ 0.03 (389) $ 0.05 (208) $ 0.03 (269) $ 0.03 (866) $ 0.02 (750) Male condoms [0.02, 0.05] [0.03, 0.05] [0.03, 0.05] [0.02, 0.05] [0.01, 0.04] $ 0.00 (4) $ 0.24 (12) $ 0.15 (3) $ 0.15 (19) - Female condoms [0.00, 0.15] [0.15, 0.29] [0.10, 0.24] [0.00, 0.24] - $ 0.15 (454) $ 0.36 (494) $ 0.15 (456) $ 0.15 (1404) - Oral contraceptives [0.15, 0.29] [0.15, 0.58] [0.15, 0.49] [0.15, 0.49] - $ 0.15 (391) $ 0.24 (400) $ 0.15 (380) $ 0.15 (1,171) - Combined [0.15, 0.24] [0.10, 0.68] [0.15, 0.24] [0.15, 0.24] - $ 0.39 (63) $ 0.49 (94) $ 0.49 (76) $ 0.44 (233) - Progesterone-only [0.34, 0.49] [0.36, 0.49] [0.39, 0.49] [0.36, 0.49] - $ 0.49 (170) $ 0.49 (166) $ 0.49 (189) $ 0.49 (525) - Emergency contraceptives [0.49, 0.73] [0.49, 0.58] [0.49, 0.58] [0.49, 0.58] - $ 0.34 (415) $ 0.24 (128) $ 0.24 (172) $ 0.34 (715) - Injectables§ [0.24, 0.49] [0.24, 0.29] [0.24, 0.39] [0.24, 0.49] - $ 1.46 (180) $ 0.83 (8) $ 0.97 (10) $ 1.46 (198) - Implants§ [0.73, 1.95] [0.73, 2.43] [0.00, 2.43] [0.73, 1.95] - $ 1.46 (84) $ 2.43 (1) - $ 1.46 (85) - 3-year [0.73, 2.43] [2.43, 2.43] - [0.73, 1.70] - $ 1.46 (47) $ 0.83 (5) $ 0.97 (10) $ 1.46 (62) - 4-year [0.73, 2.43] [0.00, 2.43] [0.00, 2.43] [0.49, 2.43] - $ 1.46 (49) $ 2.43 (2) - $ 1.46 (51) - 5-year [0.73, 1.95] [0.73, 2.43] - [0.73, 1.95] - $ 1.46 (84) $ 0.24 (5) - $ 1.46 (89) - IUDs (Copper T)§ [0.73, 2.43] [0.00, 0.97] - [0.73, 2.43] - * ALL Private Medical includes private health facilities, pharmacies, drug shops/RDV. This category excludes general retailers. † Based on the average rate of exchange from July 6 – August 15, 2015 of 20.56 Birr per 1 USD. ‡ This price is determined for the unit used in CYP conversion factors: condoms: 1 condom; oral contraceptives: 1 cycle or blister package; emergency contraceptives: 1 dose; injectables: 1 dose/injection; implants: 1 implant insertion (1 or 2 rods); IUDs: 1 IUD. § Price for all commodities with provider-dependent service (injectables, implants, IUDs) may include service charge. Source: FPwatch Outlet Survey, Ethiopia, 2016.

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Table A6b: Price of selected modern contraceptive methods in USD per CYP, by private outlet type—All 4 Regions

ALL Private Health Facility Pharmacy Drug Shop / RDV General Retailer Private Medical*

Median price of method in USD† per Median (N) Median (N) Median (N) Median (N) Median (N) ‡§ CYP [IQR] [IQR] [IQR] [IQR] [IQR] $ 3.89 (389) $ 5.84 (208) $ 3.89 (269) $ 3.89 (866) $ 2.92 (750) Male condoms [1.95, 5.84] [3.89, 5.84] [3.89, 5.84] [2.92, 5.84] [1.46, 4.38] $ 0.00 (4) $ 29.19 (12) $ 17.52 (3) $ 17.52 (19) - Female condoms [0.00, 17.52] [17.52, 35.03] [11.68, 29.19] [0.00, 29.19] - $ 2.19 (454) $ 5.47 (494) $ 2.19 (456) $ 2.19 (1404) - Oral contraceptives [2.19, 4.38] [2.19, 8.76] [2.19, 7.30] [2.19, 7.30] - $ 2.19 (391) $ 3.65 (400) $ 2.19 (380) $ 2.19 (1,171) - Combined [2.19, 3.65] [1.46, 10.22] [2.19, 3.65] [2.19, 3.65] - $ 5.84 (63) $ 7.30 (94) $ 7.30 (76) $ 6.57 (233) - Progesterone-only [5.11, 7.30] [5.47, 7.30] [5.84, 7.30] [5.47, 7.30] - $ 9.73 (170) $ 9.73 (166) $ 9.73 (189) $ 9.73 (525) - Emergency contraceptives [9.73, 14.60] [9.73, 11.68] [9.73, 11.68] [9.73, 11.68] - $ 1.36 (415) $ 0.97 (128) $ 0.97 (172) $ 1.36 (715) - Injectables|| [0.97, 1.95] [0.97, 1.17] [0.97, 1.56] [0.97, 1.95] - $ 0.46 (180) $ 0.26 (8) $ 0.30 (10) $ 0.46 (198) - Implants|| [0.29, 0.64] [0.19, 0.84] [0.00, 0.76] [0.23, 0.64] - $ 0.58 (84) $ 0.97 (1) - $ 0.58 (85) - 3-year [0.29, 0.68] [0.97, 0.97] - [0.29, 0.68] - $ 0.46 (47) $ 0.26 (5) $ 0.30 (10) $ 0.46 (62) - 4-year [0.23, 0.76] [0.00, 0.76] [0.00, 0.76] [0.15, 0.76] - $ 0.38 (49) $ 0.64 (2) - $ 0.38 (51) - 5-year [0.19, 0.51] [0.19, 0.64] - [0.19, 0.51] - $ 0.32 (84) $ 0.05 (5) - $ 0.32 (89) - IUDs (Copper T)|| [0.16, 0.53] [0.00, 0.21] - [0.16, 0.53] - * ALL Private Medical includes private health facilities, pharmacies, drug shops/RDV. This category excludes general retailers. † Based on the average rate of exchange from July 6 – August 15, 2015 of 20.56 Birr per 1 USD. ‡ CYP – Couple Year Protection is the estimated protection provided by contraceptive methods during a one-year period, based upon the volume of all contraceptives sold or distributed free of charge to clients during that period (see Annex 11). § This price is determined for the unit used in CYP conversion factors: condoms: 1 condom; oral contraceptives: 1 cycle or blister package; emergency contraceptives: 1 dose; injectables: 1 dose/injection; implants: 1 implant insertion (1 or 2 rods); IUDs: 1 IUD. || Price for all commodities with provider-dependent service (injectables, implants, IUDs) may include service charge. Source: FPwatch Outlet Survey, Ethiopia, 2016.

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Table A7: Median markup percentage for selected modern contraceptive methods, by private outlet type—All 4 Regions

ALL Private Health Facility Pharmacy Drug Shop / RDV Private Medical*

Median markup percentage† of Median % (N) Median % (N) Median % (N) Median % (N) ‡§ method [IQR %] [IQR %] [IQR %] [IQR %] 50% (286) 50% (342) 60% (354) 52% (982) Oral contraceptives [25%, 100%] [20%, 87%] [33%, 100%] [25%, 100%] 50% (262) 43% (280) 50% (290) 50% (832) Combined [25%, 100%] [20%, 69%] [25%, 100%] [25%, 100%] 78% (24) 78% (62) 78% (64) 78% (150) Progesterone-only [56%, 78%] [60%, 90%] [60%, 100%] [56%, 100%] 43% (122) 25% (134) 43% (155) 40% (411) Emergency contraceptives [21%, 67%] [25%, 50%] [25%, 67%] [25%, 60%] 45% (41) 43% (88) 50% (135) 45% (264) Injectables§ [25%, 100%] [25%, 75%] [25%, 82%] [25%, 87%] 24% (82) 8% (6) 6% (5) 18% (93) Implants§ [12%, 49%] [7%, 24%] [0%, 12%] [12%, 49%] 18% (38) 24% (1) - 18% (39) 3-year [12%, 0.39%] [24%, 24%] - [12%, 39%] 36% (20) 8% (3) 6% (5) 15% (28) 4-year [15%, 113%] [7%, 8%] [0%, 12%] [12%, 51%] 24% (24) 24% (2) - 24% (26) 5-year [18%, 58%] [7%, 24%] - [18%, 58%] 29% (37) 0% (2) - 29% (39) IUDs (Copper T)§ [15%, 49%] [0%, 8%] - [12%, 49%] * ALL Private Medical includes private health facilities, pharmacies, drug shops/RDV. This category excludes general retailers. † To determine median markup percentage, we first determined the profit margin for selected modern contraceptives at private sector outlet categories: retail price – wholesale price. We then determined a profit margin proportion by: profit margin/retail price. Finally, we converted profit margin to markup by: wholesale price/(1- profit margin proportion). We converted to a percentage and determined the median markup with IQR range. Using oral contraceptives sold in private health facilities as an example, this can be interpreted as private health facilities adding 50% to the wholesale costs to set the retail cost. ‡ This price is determined for the unit used in CYP conversion factors: condoms: 1 condom; oral contraceptives: 1 cycle or blister package; emergency contraceptives: 1 dose; injectables: 1 dose/injection; implants: 1 implant insertion (1 or 2 rods); IUDs: 1 IUD. § Price for all commodities with provider-dependent service (injectables, implants, IUDs) may include service charge. Source: FPwatch Outlet Survey, Ethiopia, 2016.

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Table A8: Contraceptive method market share—All 4 Regions

Combined 0.4 0.7 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.7 2.3 - 3.5 Progesterone-only 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 - 0.3 4. Emergency contraceptives 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.3 1.0 - 1.1 IQA|| emergency - 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.9 1.0 contraceptives 5. Injectables 6.5 10.7 17.4 5.2 0.8 1.6 7.6 - 25.0 IQA|| injectables 0.6 1.3 2.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.4 - 2.5 6. Implants 27.4 20.6 48.9 3.7 0.1 0.0 3.8 - 52.7 International quality-assured|| 27.4 20.6 48.9 3.7 0.1 0.0 3.8 52.7 implants - 3-year 20.2 19.9 40.7 2.2 0.0 0.0 2.2 - 43.0 4-year 1.4 0.0 1.6 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 - 2.6 5-year 5.7 0.7 6.5 0.6 0.0 - 0.6 - 7.1 7. IUDs (Copper T) 10.8 0.2 11.1 1.3 0.0 0.0 1.3 - 12.3 IQA|| IUDs 10.8 0.2 11.1 1.3 0.0 0.0 1.3 - 12.3 8. Male sterilization 0.1 - 0.1 - - - - - 0.1 9. Female sterilization 0.3 - 0.3 0.0 - - 0.0 - 0.3 OUTLET TYPE TOTAL¶ 46.8 33.9 82.0 11.7 2.7 3.1 17.5 0.5 100.0 * A total of 647,923 CYPs (weighted) were reportedly distributed in the previous 1 month. This is based on number of commodities reportedly sold for categories 1-7 (not number of services performed for categories 5-7) and number of sterilizations reportedly performed for categories 8-9. See Annex 11 for a description of CYP calculation and Annex 12 for CYP numbers by outlet type and method category. † This includes private not-for-profit outlets. ‡ This includes private health facilities, pharmacies, drug shops/RDV. This category excludes general retailers. § Row sum – market share for the specified contraceptive method type. Outlet categories 1 and 2 sum to column 3. Categories 4, 5, and 6 sum to column 8. || International quality-assured (IQA) contraceptives are defined as those on the WHO Prequalification or a Stringent Regulatory Authority (SRA) list. All oral contraceptive brands and nearly all emergency contraceptive brands found in Ethiopia were internationally quality assured according to this definition. Only 1 brand of injectable met this standard. See Annex 8 for a list of all brands found in survey and quality-assurance indications. ¶ Column sum – market share for the specified outlet type. Method category rows 1-9 sum to bottom ‘Outlet Type Total’ row.

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Table A8: Contraceptive method market share—All 4 Regions

CYPs sold or distributed in previous 1 Public ALL ALL HEW / Health Private Health Drug Shop / General METHOD month by outlet type and Health Public / Not- Pharmacy Private Post Facility RDV Retailer TOTAL§ contraceptive method type as a % of Facility For-Profit† Medical‡ all CYPs sold / distributed:* % % % % % % % % % Categories 1 through 9 sum to 100% in the far-right column –Method total column. Information was collected from 2,542 outlets on male condoms and 25 outlets on female condoms. Of these, 370 outlets with male condoms and 6 outlets with female condoms were not included in market share. calculations due to incomplete or inconsistent information. A total of 2,542 oral contraceptives, 770 emergency contraceptives, 1,811 injectables, 1,338 implants and 358 IUDs were audited. Of these, 162 oral contraceptives, 54 emergency contraceptives, 58 injectables, 29 implants and 15 IUDs were not included in market share calculations due to incomplete or inconsistent information. Information was collected from 17 outlets performing male sterilizations and 21 outlets performing female sterilizations. There was no incomplete or inconsistent information from these outlets for market share calculations. Source: FPwatch Outlet Survey, Ethiopia, 2016.

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Table A9: Contraceptive method market share within outlet type—All 4 Regions

Public ALL ALL CYPs sold or distributed in previous 1 HEW / Health Private Health Drug Shop / Health Public / Not- Pharmacy Private General Retailer month by contraceptive method type Post Facility RDV as a % of all CYPs sold/distributed Facility For-Profit† Medical‡ within each outlet type:* % % % % % % % % 1. Male condoms 2.4 5.0 3.5 4.9 14.0 13.6 7.8 100.0 2. Female condoms 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 3. Oral contraceptives 1.1 2.4 1.6 7.3 33.6 23.3 14.2 - IQA§ oral contraceptives 1.1 2.4 1.6 7.3 33.6 23.3 14.2 - Combined 0.9 2.2 1.5 7.0 30.6 21.7 13.2 - Progesterone-only 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 3.0 1.7 1.0 - 4. Emergency contraceptives 0.1 0.0 0.1 1.4 18.9 10.9 5.7 - IQA§ emergency - 0.1 0.0 0.1 1.3 17.4 10.5 5.4 contraceptives 5. Injectables 13.9 31.4 21.3 44.1 31.3 51.0 43.4 - IQA§ injectables 1.3 3.7 2.6 3.6 0.3 0.0 2.4 - 6. Implants 58.5 60.8 59.6 31.6 2.0 1.2 21.7 - IQA§ implants 58.5 60.8 59.6 31.6 2.0 1.2 21.7 - 3-year 43.3 58.8 49.7 18.6 1.8 0.2 12.7 - 4-year 3.0 0.0 2.0 8.3 0.1 1.0 5.8 - 5-year 12.2 2.0 7.9 4.7 0.2 - 3.2 - 7. IUDs (Copper T) 23.1 0.5 13.5 10.7 0.2 0.0 7.2 - IQA§ IUDs 23.1 0.5 13.5 10.7 0.2 0.0 7.2 - 8. Male sterilization 0.1 - 0.1 - - - - - 9. Female sterilization 0.7 - 0.4 0.0 - - 0.0 - * CYPs reportedly sold or distributed in the previous 1 month: 302,993 public health facility; 219,850 HEW/health post; 531,527 all public/private not-for-profit; 76,021 private health facility; 17,183 pharmacy; 20,209 drug shop; 113,413 all private medical; 2,983 general retailer. See Annex 11 for a description of CYP calculation and Annex 12 for CYP numbers by outlet type and method category. † This includes private not-for-profit outlets. ‡ This includes private health facilities, pharmacies, drug shops/RDV. This category excludes general retailers. § International quality-assured (IQA) contraceptives are defined as those on the WHO Prequalification or a Stringent Regulatory Authority (SRA) list. All oral contraceptive brands and nearly all emergency contraceptive brands found in Ethiopia were internationally quality assured according to this definition. Only 1 brand of injectable met this standard. See Annex 8 for a list of all brands found in survey and quality-assurance indications. Categories 1 through 9 sum to 100% within each column.

A total of 6,839 contraceptives were audited and condom information was collected from a total of 2,567 outlets for a total of 9,406 products potentially with information on volume. Of these, 684 audited contraceptives and outlets with condoms were not included in market share calculations due to incomplete or inconsistent information, including the following number of contraceptives and condoms by outlet type: www.FPwatch.info Page 39

Table A9: Contraceptive method market share within outlet type—All 4 Regions

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Table A10: Availability of selected contraceptive services, among outlets screened, by outlet type – Ethiopia, 2015 Public Health HEW / Health ALL Public / Private Health Drug Shop / ALL Private Pharmacy General Retailer ALL Outlets Facility Post Not-For-Profit* Facility RDV Medical* % % % % % % % % %

(95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) Proportion of outlets screened, N=287 N=775 N=1,081 N=586 N=215 N=292 N=1,093 N=6,125 N=8,299 currently providing†: 93.8 97.8 96.3 90.5 4.2 10.6 59.4 0.0 20.7 Contraceptive injection service (81.3, 98.1) (96.0, 98.8) (92.9, 98.1) (86.6, 93.4) (1.3, 12.6) (6.3, 17.1) (54.4, 64.3) - (18.4, 23.2) Contraceptive implant insertion 91.1 75.9 78.6 19.2 0.0 0.2 12.0 0.0 13.1 service (81.0, 96.1) (69.6, 81.3) (73.0, 83.4) (15.9, 23.1) - (0.0, 1.5) (10.3, 14.0) - (11.5, 14.8) 69.6 - 16.3 15.3 0.0 0.0 9.5 0.0 3.5 IUD insertion service (60.8, 77.2) - (14.0, 18.9) (11.9, 19.5) - - (7.6, 11.8) - (2.9, 4.1) 1.8 0.0 0.5 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 Male sterilization service (1.0, 3.6) - (0.3, 0.9) (0.2, 1.0) - - (0.1, 0.6) - (0.1, 0.2) 2.8 0.0 0.7 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 Female sterilization service‡ (1.5, 5.3) - (0.4, 1.3) (0.2, 1.1) - - (0.1, 0.7) - (0.1, 0.2) * Private Medical category includes private health facilities, pharmacies, drug shops/RDV; this category excludes general retailers. Source: FPwatch Outlet Survey, Ethiopia, 2016

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Table A11: Service readiness to provide provider-dependent contraceptive services, among outlets reportedly offering the procedure, by outlet type – Ethiopia, 2016 Public Health HEW / Health ALL Public / Private Health Drug Shop / ALL Private Pharmacy General Retailer ALL Outlets Facility Post Not-For-Profit* Facility RDV Medical* Proportion of outlets offering % % % % % % % % % service, with†,‡: [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) Contraceptive injection service 90.5 89.2 89.5 81.5 100.0 97.1 82.4 - 87.3 Availability of commodity [83.3, 94.8] (271) [84.9, 92.4] (757) [85.2,92.6](1,036) [75.3, 86.5] (520) [100.0, 100.0] (3) [81.3, 99.6] (25) [76.3, 87.2] (548) - [84.0,90.0](1,584) 99.4 99.5 99.5 99.9 75.1 48.8 97.3 - 98.8 Availability of credentials [97.5, 99.8] (271) [98.3, 99.9] (757) [98.6,99.8](1,036) [99.5,100.0](520) [20.9, 97.2] (3) [26.4, 71.6] (25) [95.0, 98.6] (548) - [98.0,99.3](1,584) 73.1 74.1 73.8 77.6 75.1 89.3 78.2 - 75.1 Availability of equipment [64.8, 80.1] (271) [68.3, 79.2] (757) [68.5,78.5](1,036) [71.7, 82.7] (520) [20.9, 97.2] (3) [72.8, 96.3] (25) [72.3, 83.1] (548) - [71.2,78.7](1,584) 72.5 73.9 73.5 77.6 75.1 38.1 75.7 - 74.2 Service readiness [64.2, 79.5] (271) [68.2, 79.0] (757) [68.2,78.2](1,036) [71.6, 82.6] (520) [20.9, 97.2] (3) [18.7, 62.2] (25) [69.9, 80.6] (548) - [70.3,77.7](1,584) Implant insertion service

Availability of commodity 97.0 88.3 90.6 82.3 - 0.0 81.9 - 89.7 [93.3, 98.6] (264) [84.3, 91.4] (612) [87.7, 92.9] (880) [74.0, 88.3] (151) - (1) [73.6, 87.9] (152) - [87.1,91.9](1,032) 92.9 99.4 97.7 99.6 - 100.0 99.6 - 97.9 Availability of credentials [86.3, 96.5] (264) [97.8, 99.8] (612) [95.9, 98.7] (880) [97.5, 99.9] (151) - (1) [97.5, 99.9] (152) - [96.3,98.8](1,032) 80.7 65.9 69.8 86.5 - - 86.5 - 71.4 Availability of equipment [73.0, 86.6] (261) [59.6, 71.6] (593) [64.3, 74.8] (858) [76.5, 92.6] (144) - - [76.5, 92.6] (144) - [66.3,76.0](1,002) 72.2 61.8 64.6 75.6 - - 75.6 - 65.6 Service readiness [64.1, 79.0] (261) [55.0, 68.1] (593) [58.9, 69.8] (858) [66.0, 83.3] (144) - - [66.0, 83.3] (144) - [60.4,70.5](1,002) IUD insertion service 94.9 - 95.2 74.7 - - 74.7 - 89.2 Availability of commodity [91.1, 97.2] (206) - [91.5, 97.3] (221) [64.5, 82.8] (123) - - [64.5, 82.8] (123) - [84.7, 92.5] (344) 92.1 - 90.1 98.8 - - 98.8 - 92.6 Availability of credentials [83.8, 96.3] (206) - [82.4, 94.7] (221) [95.7, 99.7] (123) - - [95.7, 99.7] (123) - [87.1, 95.9] (344) 82.0 - 81.8 90.9 - - 90.9 - 84.4 Availability of equipment [72.5, 88.8] (202) - [72.6, 88.4] (217) [83.6, 95.1] (118) - - [83.6, 95.1] (118) - [78.3, 89.0] (335) 71.0 - 69.9 70.4 - - 70.4 - 70.0 Service readiness [60.8, 79.4] (202) - [60.2, 78.1] (217) [59.9, 79.0] (118) - - [59.9, 79.0] (118) - [62.4, 76.7] (335) Male sterilization service 65.1 - 64.9 44.8 - - 44.8 - 59.4 Availability of credentials [31.3, 88.4] (9) - [34.8, 86.6] (11) [13.6, 80.7] (6) - - [13.6, 80.7] (6) - [35.0, 79.9] (17) 67.9 - 72.2 52.5 - - 52.5 - 66.8 Availability of equipment [32.9, 90.1] (9) - [38.8, 91.4] (11) [15.9, 86.5] (6) - - [15.9, 86.5] (6) - [40.7, 85.5] (17) 43.6 - 46.4 21.2 - - 21.2 - 39.4 Service readiness [16.3, 75.4] (9) - [20.3, 74.6] (11) [4.6, 59.9] (6) - - [4.6, 59.9] (6) - [19.0, 64.3] (17) Female sterilization service Availability of credentials 77.0 - 75.8 50.6 - - 50.6 - 70.1

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Table A11: Service readiness to provide provider-dependent contraceptive services, among outlets reportedly offering the procedure, by outlet type – Ethiopia, 2016 Public Health HEW / Health ALL Public / Private Health Drug Shop / ALL Private Pharmacy General Retailer ALL Outlets Facility Post Not-For-Profit* Facility RDV Medical* Proportion of outlets offering % % % % % % % % % service, with†,‡: [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [45.8, 93.0] (12) - [47.7, 91.5] (14) [16.0, 84.6] (7) - - [16.0, 84.6] (7) - [46.2, 86.5] (21) 73.6 - 76.1 40.2 - - 40.2 - 67.8 Availability of equipment [41.1, 91.8] (11) - [45.7, 92.3] (13) [11.2, 78.1] (7) - - [11.2, 78.1] (7) - [42.0, 85.9] (20) 57.0 - 57.6 40.2 - - 40.2 - 53.6 Service readiness [25.2, 83.9] (11) - [28.1, 82.6] (13) [11.2, 78.1] (7) - - [11.2, 78.1] (7) - [28.9, 76.7] (20) * Private Medical Total category = community health worker + private not-for-profit + private for-profit health facility + pharmacy categories; Private Other Total category = general retailer + itinerant drug vendor categories † Full service readiness is defined as having available: 1. The commodity (not applicable for male/female sterilization); 2. A provider with credentials meeting the guidelines to perform the service; and 3. A minimum set of sentinel equipment (http://www.cpc.unc.edu/measure/prh/rh_indicators/specific/long-acting-permanent-methods/percent-of-facilities-with-appropriate) for providing the service. Observations that are missing information for commodity availability, provider credentials, or equipment are excluded from the ‘service readiness’ denominator. Source: FPwatch Outlet Survey, Ethiopia, 2016

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Results Section B: Core Indicators by Region

Table B1a: Modern contraceptive method market composition, by region Public ALL ALL HEW / Health Private Health Health Public / Not- Pharmacy Drug Shop / RDV Private General Retailer Post Facility Facility For-Profit* Medical† Outlet type, among outlets stocking at least 1 modern contraceptive % % % % % % % % commodity‡ or providing at least 1 (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) contraceptive service,§ on the day of the survey:|| Addis Ababa 9.4 -¶ 10.2 30.0 29.2 14.7 73.9 15.9 N=429 (6.9, 12.7) - (7.4, 14.0) (25.5, 34.9) (22.6, 36.9) (10.4, 20.3) (61.6, 83.3) (7.5, 30.7) Amhara 9.3 27.0 36.7 11.3 3.2 5.6 20.1 43.2 N=1,048 (7.3, 11.8) (19.1, 36.6) (27.1, 47.5) (8.1, 15.5) (1.5, 6.8) (4.0, 7.8) (14.3, 27.5) (33.6, 53.4) Oromia 10.5 36.3 46.9 25.6 2.5 10.5 38.5 14.6 N=737 (8.1, 13.4) (27.7, 45.9) (38.2, 55.8) (20.9, 30.8) (0.9, 6.7) (7.1, 15.3) (30.4, 47.3) (9.2, 22.4) SNNP 10.5 45.4 55.8 12.4 1.9 5.7 20.1 24.1 N=667 (8.2, 13.3) (35.3, 55.8) (43.8, 67.2) (9.3, 16.4) (1.0, 3.9) (3.7, 8.7) (15.7, 25.3) (16.0, 34.6) * The denominator includes 19 private not-for-profit outlets; 4 in Addis Ababa, 6 in Amhara, 4 in Oromia, 5 in SNNP. † ALL Private Medical includes private health facilities, pharmacies, drug shops/RDV. This category excludes general retailers. ‡ Includes: male condoms, female condoms, oral contraceptives, emergency contraceptives, injectables, implants, IUDs § Includes: contraceptive injection, implant insertion, IUD insertion, male/female sterilization. || The denominator includes 3 outlets that met screening criteria for a full interview but did not complete interview (were not interviewed or completed a partial interview); 2 in Addis Ababa, 1 in Oromia. ¶ HEWs serve rural areas. There are no HEWs in Addis Ababa, a metropolitan area. Source: FPwatch Outlet Survey, Ethiopia, 2016.

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Table B1b: Modern contraceptive method market composition—excluding outlets with condoms only,* by region Public ALL ALL HEW / Health Private Health Health Public / Not- Pharmacy Drug Shop / RDV Private General Retailer Post Facility Facility For-Profit† Medical‡ Outlet type, among outlets stocking at least 1 modern contraceptive % % % % % % % % commodity§ or providing at least 1 (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) contraceptive service,|| on the day of the survey:¶ Addis Ababa 11.3 -** 12.3 35.3 35.2 17.2 87.7 - N=377 (8.3, 15.2) - (9.0, 16.7) (31.4, 39.5) (28.9, 42.1) (12.8, 22.7) (83.4, 91.0) - Amhara 16.5 47.5 64.5 19.9 5.7 9.9 35.5 - N=568 (13.8, 19.5) (37.0, 58.2) (52.2, 75.2) (14.8, 26.2) (2.6, 11.8) (6.7, 14.6) (24.8, 47.8) - Oromia 12.3 42.7 55.2 29.7 2.9 12.1 44.8 - N=632 (9.7, 15.6) (32.9, 53.2) (45.7, 64.4) (24.6, 35.5) (1.0, 8.0) (8.3, 17.5) (35.6, 54.3) - SNNP 14.0 60.8 74.7 15.3 2.6 7.3 25.3 - N=503 (11.4, 17.0) (52.7, 68.3) (65.4, 82.2) (10.3, 22.3) (1.3, 5.4) (4.5, 11.7) (17.8, 34.6) - * This alternative indicator to B6a purposefully excludes all outlets that had no modern contraceptive methods above the level of male/female condoms. † The denominator includes 19 private not-for-profit outlets; 4 in Addis Ababa, 6 in Amhara, 4 in Oromia, 5 in SNNP. ‡ ALL Private Medical includes private health facilities, pharmacies, drug shops/RDV. This category excludes general retailers. § Includes: oral contraceptives, emergency contraceptives, injectables, implants, IUDs || Includes: contraceptive injection, implant insertion, IUD insertion, male/female sterilization. ¶ The denominator includes 3 outlets that met screening criteria for a full interview but did not complete interview (were not interviewed or completed a partial interview); 2 in Addis Ababa, 1 in Oromia. ** HEWs serve rural areas. There are no HEWs in Addis Ababa, a metropolitan area. Source: FPwatch Outlet Survey, Ethiopia, 2016.

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Table B2: Availability of modern contraceptive method categories, among outlets screened, by outlet type – Ethiopia, 2015 Public Health HEW / Health ALL Public / Private Health Drug Shop / ALL Private Pharmacy General Retailer ALL Outlets Facility Post Not-For-Profit* Facility RDV Medical* % % % % % % % % %

(95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) N=36 N=0 N=40 N=165 N=125 N=78 N=368 N=643 N=1,051 Proportion of outlets screened, N=95 N=236 N=337 N=124 N=43 N=75 N=242 N=2,071 N=2,650 currently stocking / providing†: N=80 N=242 N=326 N=203 N=36 N=86 N=325 N=1,835 N=2,486 N=76 N=297 N=378 N=94 N=11 N=53 N=158 N=1,576 N=2,112 Any modern method 100.0 - 97.8 84.1 100.0 100.0 92.9 9.0 37.4 Addis Ababa - - (86.1, 99.7) (75.8, 89.9) - - (88.4, 95.7) (5.7, 13.8) (27.0, 49.1) 98.2 100.0 99.5 99.7 100.0 94.9 98.3 22.6 40.2 Amhara (89.5, 99.7) - (96.9, 99.9) (97.8, 100.0) - (87.3, 98.0) (96.3, 99.3) (17.6, 28.4) (35.8, 44.7) 100.0 98.1 97.8 95.2 100.0 98.4 96.4 6.1 30.4 Oromia - (93.9, 99.4) (94.9, 99.1) (90.6, 97.7) - (89.5, 99.8) (93.3, 98.1) (3.9, 9.3) (25.4, 36.0) 99.3 98.7 98.1 94.3 100.0 97.0 95.6 10.0 31.3 SNNPR (95.2, 99.9) (95.5, 99.7) (95.1, 99.3) (87.7, 97.4) - (88.1, 99.3) (91.1, 97.9) (6.9, 14.3) (27.3, 35.6) Any short-acting method 100.0 - 89.8 68.5 100.0 100.0 85.9 9.0 35.0 Addis Ababa - - (76.7, 95.9) (58.8, 76.8) - - (80.5, 90.0) (5.7, 13.8) (25.4, 46.0) 96.4 100.0 99.1 96.1 100.0 94.9 96.4 22.6 40.0 Amhara (87.9, 99.0) - (96.5, 99.8) (91.4, 98.3) - (87.3, 98.0) (94.0, 97.8) (17.6, 28.4) (35.6, 44.5) 100.0 96.8 96.8 88.7 100.0 98.4 92.0 6.1 29.8 Oromia - (90.9, 98.9) (92.1, 98.8) (79.9, 93.9) - (89.5, 99.8) (86.6, 95.3) (3.9, 9.3) (25.1, 34.9) 99.3 98.5 97.9 88.2 100.0 97.0 91.8 10.0 31.0 SNNPR (95.2, 99.9) (95.4, 99.5) (94.9, 99.1) (78.3, 93.9) - (88.1, 99.3) (85.7, 95.4) (6.9, 14.3) (27.1, 35.3) Any LARC method 82.9 - 76.7 29.7 6.5 2.5 16.2 0.0 7.8 Addis Ababa (56.4, 94.8) - (56.3, 89.4) (24.6, 35.3) (2.1, 18.7) (0.7, 9.0) (12.4, 20.7) - (5.2, 11.6) 92.8 78.9 82.5 23.5 10.9 8.3 17.1 0.0 13.6 Amhara (85.1, 96.7) (67.8, 86.9) (73.8, 88.7) (16.5, 32.3) (5.8, 19.6) (2.2, 26.8) (12.7, 22.6) - (10.2, 18.1) 87.5 67.3 71.0 16.5 18.4 7.6 14.2 0.0 12.1 Oromia (65.0, 96.4) (56.2, 76.7) (61.1, 79.2) (11.8, 22.4) (9.1, 33.5) (1.9, 25.6) (10.1, 19.7) - (10.0, 14.6) 90.6 68.5 72.0 14.3 3.9 1.7 9.8 0.0 13.5 SNNPR (81.3, 95.5) (60.4, 75.5) (64.8, 78.2) (7.3, 26.1) (0.5, 23.2) (0.3, 10.7) (5.6, 16.6) - (10.2, 17.6) Any permanent method 0.0 - 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 Addis Ababa - - - (0.1, 4.9) - - (0.0, 2.1) - (0.0, 0.7) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Amhara ------0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Oromia (0.1, 3.4) - (0.0, 0.8) - - - - - (0.0, 0.1) www.FPwatch.info Page 46

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 SNNPR ------Any LA/PM 82.9 - 76.7 30.4 6.5 2.5 16.5 0.0 7.9 Addis Ababa (56.4, 94.8) - (56.3, 89.4) (25.2, 36.1) (2.1, 18.7) (0.7, 9.0) (12.8, 20.9) - (5.2, 11.8) 92.8 78.9 82.5 23.5 10.9 8.3 17.1 0.0 13.6 Amhara (85.1, 96.7) (67.8, 86.9) (73.8, 88.7) (16.5, 32.3) (5.8, 19.6) (2.2, 26.8) (12.7, 22.6) - (10.2, 18.1) 87.5 67.3 71.0 16.5 18.4 7.6 14.2 0.0 12.1 Oromia (65.0, 96.4) (56.2, 76.7) (61.1, 79.2) (11.8, 22.4) (9.1, 33.5) (1.9, 25.6) (10.1, 19.7) - (10.0, 14.6) 90.6 68.5 72.0 14.3 3.9 1.7 9.8 0.0 13.5 SNNPR (81.3, 95.5) (60.4, 75.5) (64.8, 78.2) (7.3, 26.1) (0.5, 23.2) (0.3, 10.7) (5.6, 16.6) - (10.2, 17.6) * Private Medical category includes private health facilities, pharmacies, drug shops/RDV; this category excludes general retailers. Source: FPwatch Outlet Survey, Ethiopia, 2016

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Table B3: Availability of selected contraceptive commodities, among outlets screened, by outlet type – Ethiopia, 2015 Public Health HEW / Health ALL Public / Private Health Drug Shop / ALL Private Pharmacy General Retailer ALL Outlets Facility Post Not-For-Profit* Facility RDV Medical* % % % % % % % % %

(95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) N=36 N=0 N=40 N=165 N=125 N=78 N=368 N=643 N=1,051 Proportion of outlets screened, N=95 N=236 N=337 N=124 N=43 N=75 N=242 N=2,071 N=2,650 currently stocking†: N=80 N=242 N=326 N=203 N=36 N=86 N=325 N=1,835 N=2,486 N=76 N=297 N=378 N=94 N=11 N=53 N=158 N=1,576 N=2,112 Male condoms 91.8 - 82.4 46.2 98.4 97.6 74.9 9.0 31.5 Addis Ababa (75.8, 97.6) - (65.2, 92.1) (35.9, 56.9) (94.1, 99.6) (83.9, 99.7) (67.5, 81.0) (5.7, 13.8) (22.7, 41.8) 90.9 88.1 89.0 81.0 91.4 91.6 85.7 22.6 37.6 Amhara (82.1, 95.6) (81.2, 92.7) (83.3, 92.9) (67.9, 89.5) (85.3, 95.1) (84.2, 95.7) (78.2, 90.9) (17.6, 28.4) (33.3, 42.1) 98.0 71.4 76.6 74.1 100.0 86.0 78.9 6.1 25.2 Oromia (93.1, 99.5) (63.2, 78.4) (70.6, 81.6) (59.9, 84.6) - (75.7, 92.3) (67.4, 87.1) (3.9, 9.3) (21.0, 30.0) 96.6 81.1 83.3 85.0 100.0 92.8 88.6 10.0 28.2 SNNPR (91.6, 98.7) (74.3, 86.4) (77.5, 87.8) (75.5, 91.2) - (83.6, 97.1) (82.7, 92.6) (6.9, 14.3) (24.6, 32.2) Female condoms 0.0 - 0.0 0.6 9.7 2.7 4.3 0.0 1.3 Addis Ababa - - - (0.1, 4.6) (4.3, 20.3) (0.9, 8.0) (2.1, 8.8) - (0.5, 3.2) 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 Amhara - - (0.1, 2.3) - - - - - (0.0, 0.3) 0.0 1.0 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 Oromia - (0.2, 4.1) (0.2, 3.2) (0.0, 1.7) - - (0.0, 1.0) - (0.0, 0.5) 0.9 0.0 0.2 1.5 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.1 SNNPR (0.1, 6.2) - (0.0, 1.2) (0.4, 5.4) - - (0.3, 3.5) - (0.0, 0.3) Oral contraceptives 100.0 - 89.8 36.0 97.2 95.6 69.5 0.0 24.2 Addis Ababa - - (76.7, 95.9) (27.3, 45.9) (83.5, 99.6) (87.5, 98.5) (62.6, 75.6) - (15.2, 36.2) 89.0 90.3 89.8 79.5 100.0 91.4 86.2 0.0 20.4 Amhara (77.2, 95.1) (84.5, 94.1) (84.2, 93.6) (69.6, 86.8) - (83.5, 95.8) (80.9, 90.2) - (16.2, 25.3) 98.8 82.6 85.5 68.5 97.9 93.9 77.1 0.0 21.9 Oromia (94.9, 99.7) (74.5, 88.5) (79.5, 90.0) (55.2, 79.3) (93.9, 99.3) (80.6, 98.3) (69.6, 83.2) - (17.9, 26.4) 91.9 77.3 79.3 64.3 90.7 88.5 73.5 0.0 19.0 SNNPR (82.6, 96.4) (71.6, 82.1) (73.5, 84.2) (49.7, 76.7) (52.7, 98.8) (73.4, 95.5) (62.7, 82.1) - (15.9, 22.6) IQA† oral contraceptives 100.0 - 89.8 36.0 97.2 95.6 69.5 0.0 24.2 Addis Ababa - - (76.7, 95.9) (27.3, 45.9) (83.5, 99.6) (87.5, 98.5) (62.6, 75.6) - (15.2, 36.2) 89.0 90.3 89.8 79.5 100.0 91.4 86.2 0.0 20.4 Amhara (77.2, 95.1) (84.5, 94.1) (84.2, 93.6) (69.6, 86.8) - (83.5, 95.8) (80.9, 90.2) - (16.2, 25.3)

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Combined oral contraceptives

100.0 - 89.8 35.2 97.2 95.6 69.1 0.0 24.1 Addis Ababa - - (76.7, 95.9) (26.8, 44.7) (83.5, 99.6) (87.5, 98.5) (62.4, 75.1) - (15.2, 36.0) 85.1 85.0 85.0 78.5 98.1 91.4 85.3 0.0 19.6 Amhara (74.5, 91.8) (79.0, 89.6) (79.2, 89.4) (67.6, 86.5) (89.1, 99.7) (83.5, 95.8) (79.4, 89.8) - (15.6, 24.3) 88.5 74.7 77.2 67.3 97.9 93.9 76.3 0.0 20.5 Oromia (78.2, 94.3) (65.1, 82.4) (69.2, 83.6) (54.1, 78.3) (93.9, 99.3) (80.6, 98.3) (69.0, 82.3) - (16.6, 25.2) 89.7 74.2 76.5 63.8 74.1 86.7 71.2 0.0 18.3 SNNPR (80.2, 94.9) (67.6, 79.8) (69.7, 82.1) (49.2, 76.2) (33.0, 94.3) (72.6, 94.2) (60.4, 80.0) - (15.2, 21.9) Progestin-only pills 82.6 - 74.1 10.7 35.1 27.9 22.8 0.0 9.7 Addis Ababa (65.2, 92.3) - (57.3, 86.0) (6.6, 16.9) (25.4, 46.2) (18.0, 40.5) (17.3, 29.5) - (5.9, 15.5) 31.3 10.2 15.9 6.8 30.4 14.2 12.7 0.0 3.4 Amhara (20.3, 44.9) (5.5, 18.0) (10.8, 22.7) (3.5, 13.0) (18.8, 45.1) (7.9, 24.2) (8.3, 18.9) - (2.5, 4.7) 28.2 13.5 16.5 9.7 70.2 25.2 17.6 0.0 4.5 Oromia (19.7, 38.6) (7.8, 22.2) (10.9, 24.2) (3.8, 22.5) (38.7, 89.7) (13.7, 41.6) (9.7, 29.8) - (3.0, 6.9) 22.5 9.6 11.9 12.0 58.8 29.4 21.2 0.0 3.5 SNNPR (11.9, 38.3) (5.5, 16.2) (7.6, 18.3) (4.7, 27.2) (23.9, 86.6) (16.2, 47.2) (11.6, 35.3) - (2.5, 5.0) Emergency contraceptives 92.5 - 83.1 22.9 72.5 68.6 49.6 0.0 18.0 Addis Ababa (79.4, 97.6) - (68.1, 91.9) (17.4, 29.5) (65.1, 78.9) (56.8, 78.5) (44.5, 54.7) - (11.6, 26.8) 65.8 14.4 28.1 42.5 73.3 66.3 54.2 0.0 8.6 Amhara (52.0, 77.4) (9.6, 21.0) (23.5, 33.3) (31.1, 54.7) (45.8, 89.9) (44.2, 83.0) (40.8, 67.1) - (7.0, 10.6) 43.3 3.8 12.5 28.2 70.7 50.5 36.8 0.0 6.3 Oromia (30.0, 57.7) (1.9, 7.4) (8.1, 18.6) (19.1, 39.5) (37.0, 90.8) (35.6, 65.4) (26.5, 48.4) - (4.5, 8.7) 38.3 7.9 13.4 23.5 38.2 53.4 33.2 0.0 4.6 SNNPR (26.6, 51.5) (4.3, 14.0) (9.0, 19.5) (14.8, 35.2) (11.2, 75.3) (38.1, 68.1) (23.3, 45.0) - (3.6, 5.8)

IQA† emergency contraceptives

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Contraceptive injectables (All DMPA)

93.9 - 84.3 58.3 59.4 70.5 60.9 0.0 21.4 Addis Ababa (65.8, 99.2) - (66.6, 93.5) (49.0, 67.0) (49.5, 68.6) (62.4, 77.4) (54.2, 67.3) - (13.8, 31.7) 86.9 88.2 87.8 91.8 77.1 67.3 82.4 0.0 19.8 Amhara (77.1, 92.9) (82.7, 92.2) (82.7, 91.6) (87.0, 94.9) (60.1, 88.3) (50.9, 80.3) (75.6, 87.6) - (15.9, 24.4) 88.6 85.7 85.7 72.4 82.7 67.0 71.6 0.0 21.2 Oromia (72.0, 95.9) (76.6, 91.7) (77.3, 91.4) (62.6, 80.5) (61.9, 93.4) (52.9, 78.5) (65.3, 77.2) - (17.2, 25.9) 94.4 89.8 89.9 67.8 86.5 57.6 66.7 0.0 20.4 SNNPR (87.0, 97.7) (83.5, 93.9) (84.2, 93.7) (53.4, 79.4) (53.5, 97.3) (41.9, 71.9) (55.0, 76.6) - (16.7, 24.7) IQA† injectables 2.9 - 2.6 15.1 0.0 0.0 6.8 0.0 2.1 Addis Ababa (0.4, 18.2) - (0.4, 16.7) (10.2, 21.8) - - (4.6, 9.9) - (1.2, 3.7) 17.9 17.7 18.3 7.4 0.0 1.4 4.5 0.0 3.1 Amhara (9.8, 30.3) (10.7, 27.8) (11.5, 27.7) (3.1, 16.7) - (0.2, 10.2) (2.1, 9.4) - (1.8, 5.1) 19.8 20.6 20.2 4.3 5.4 0.0 3.2 0.0 3.3 Oromia (9.7, 36.3) (11.4, 34.5) (11.4, 33.3) (2.0, 8.8) (0.5, 37.7) - (1.6, 6.4) - (1.8, 6.0) 13.0 8.7 9.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 SNNPR (6.5, 24.2) (4.4, 16.7) (5.0, 17.2) - - - - - (0.9, 3.2) Contraceptive implants 80.1 - 71.9 26.2 1.5 1.4 12.5 0.0 6.5 Addis Ababa (56.1, 92.6) - (54.1, 84.7) (21.5, 31.4) (0.3, 6.2) (0.2, 8.7) (10.0, 15.6) - (4.5, 9.5) 92.3 78.5 82.0 21.1 7.6 6.8 14.8 0.0 13.4 Amhara (83.9, 96.5) (67.6, 86.5) (73.4, 88.3) (14.9, 29.1) (3.2, 17.1) (1.3, 29.5) (10.7, 20.3) - (10.0, 17.8) 86.9 66.9 70.6 15.1 10.3 6.2 12.4 0.0 11.8 Oromia (65.3, 95.9) (56.1, 76.2) (60.9, 78.7) (11.0, 20.5) (5.2, 19.3) (1.6, 20.9) (9.3, 16.5) - (9.8, 14.2) www.FPwatch.info Page 50

(95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) N=36 N=0 N=40 N=165 N=125 N=78 N=368 N=643 N=1,051 Proportion of outlets screened, N=95 N=236 N=337 N=124 N=43 N=75 N=242 N=2,071 N=2,650 currently stocking†: N=80 N=242 N=326 N=203 N=36 N=86 N=325 N=1,835 N=2,486 N=76 N=297 N=378 N=94 N=11 N=53 N=158 N=1,576 N=2,112 89.7 68.3 71.7 13.3 3.9 1.7 9.2 0.0 13.4 SNNPR (80.0, 95.0) (60.3, 75.4) (64.6, 77.9) (6.5, 25.2) (0.5, 23.2) (0.3, 10.7) (5.0, 16.1) - (10.1, 17.5) IQA† implants 80.1 - 71.9 26.2 1.5 1.4 12.5 0.0 6.5 Addis Ababa (56.1, 92.6) - (54.1, 84.7) (21.5, 31.4) (0.3, 6.2) (0.2, 8.7) (10.0, 15.6) - (4.5, 9.5) 92.3 78.5 82.0 21.1 7.6 6.8 14.8 0.0 13.4 Amhara (83.9, 96.5) (67.6, 86.5) (73.4, 88.3) (14.9, 29.1) (3.2, 17.1) (1.3, 29.5) (10.7, 20.3) - (10.0, 17.8) 86.9 66.9 70.6 15.1 10.3 6.2 12.4 0.0 11.8 Oromia (65.3, 95.9) (56.1, 76.2) (60.9, 78.7) (11.0, 20.5) (5.2, 19.3) (1.6, 20.9) (9.3, 16.5) - (9.8, 14.2) 89.7 68.3 71.7 13.3 3.9 1.7 9.2 0.0 13.4 SNNPR (80.0, 95.0) (60.3, 75.4) (64.6, 77.9) (6.5, 25.2) (0.5, 23.2) (0.3, 10.7) (5.0, 16.1) - (10.1, 17.5) 3-year implants 72.3 - 65.0 17.7 0.0 0.0 7.9 0.0 4.9 Addis Ababa (51.3, 86.7) - (46.8, 79.7) (12.9, 23.7) - - (5.6, 11.2) - (3.3, 7.1) 91.6 78.5 81.9 17.7 0.0 0.0 9.8 0.0 12.9 Amhara (83.4, 95.9) (67.6, 86.5) (73.2, 88.2) (12.0, 25.4) - - (6.8, 13.9) - (9.5, 17.4) 83.6 66.1 69.2 13.2 3.1 1.7 9.5 0.0 11.3 Oromia (64.5, 93.4) (55.1, 75.6) (59.4, 77.6) (9.0, 19.1) (0.5, 17.1) (0.4, 6.9) (7.0, 12.8) - (9.3, 13.6) 80.5 68.3 70.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 2.9 0.0 12.7 SNNPR (67.9, 89.0) (60.3, 75.4) (62.6, 76.6) (2.1, 9.9) - - (1.4, 5.9) - (9.3, 17.0) 4-year implants 30.2 - 27.1 12.4 0.6 1.4 6.0 0.0 2.9 Addis Ababa (18.5, 45.1) - (16.1, 41.9) (8.4, 18.0) (0.1, 4.3) (0.2, 8.7) (4.1, 8.7) - (1.8, 4.4) 27.2 0.0 7.4 9.8 7.6 6.8 8.6 0.0 1.8 Amhara (17.3, 39.9) - (4.8, 11.3) (5.7, 16.4) (3.2, 17.1) (1.3, 29.5) (4.5, 15.7) - (1.3, 2.5) 21.7 0.8 5.3 4.8 8.3 5.5 5.2 0.0 1.4 Oromia (11.3, 37.6) (0.1, 5.4) (3.1, 9.0) (2.7, 8.5) (3.6, 18.0) (1.2, 21.2) (2.8, 9.3) - (1.0, 2.0) 23.8 0.6 4.9 10.6 3.9 1.7 7.5 0.0 1.4 SNNPR (13.3, 39.0) (0.1, 2.9) (2.7, 8.7) (4.6, 22.6) (0.5, 23.2) (0.3, 10.7) (3.7, 14.5) - (0.8, 2.3) 5-year implants 73.5 - 66.0 10.9 0.9 0.0 5.2 0.0 4.1 Addis Ababa (53.1, 87.1) - (49.1, 79.6) (7.2, 16.1) (0.1, 6.4) - (3.4, 7.9) - (2.7, 6.3) 66.6 1.4 18.6 11.9 0.0 0.0 6.6 0.0 3.3 Amhara (51.3, 79.1) (0.5, 3.9) (14.8, 23.2) (7.6, 18.2) - - (4.4, 9.9) - (2.5, 4.4) www.FPwatch.info Page 51

(95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) N=36 N=0 N=40 N=165 N=125 N=78 N=368 N=643 N=1,051 Proportion of outlets screened, N=95 N=236 N=337 N=124 N=43 N=75 N=242 N=2,071 N=2,650 currently stocking†: N=80 N=242 N=326 N=203 N=36 N=86 N=325 N=1,835 N=2,486 N=76 N=297 N=378 N=94 N=11 N=53 N=158 N=1,576 N=2,112 53.8 1.1 12.5 6.8 1.1 0.0 4.6 0.0 2.4 Oromia (36.6, 70.2) (0.2, 4.8) (9.1, 17.1) (3.2, 13.8) (0.1, 9.3) - (2.2, 9.5) - (1.7, 3.3) 47.1 2.7 10.9 2.2 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.0 2.0 SNNPR (34.5, 60.1) (0.9, 7.7) (7.7, 15.3) (0.6, 7.7) - - (0.4, 4.7) - (1.4, 3.0) IUDs (All Copper T) 78.2 - 72.5 25.3 5.0 1.1 13.4 0.0 6.8 Addis Ababa (55.4, 91.2) - (52.8, 86.1) (20.0, 31.4) (1.4, 16.0) (0.2, 7.7) (9.8, 18.0) - (4.5, 10.1) 77.4 0.9 21.1 18.0 3.2 1.5 10.9 0.0 4.0 Amhara (65.0, 86.3) (0.1, 5.9) (17.4, 25.5) (11.9, 26.3) (0.8, 12.5) (0.4, 5.7) (7.3, 15.9) - (3.1, 5.2) 64.5 0.4 14.3 9.9 9.1 3.4 8.1 0.0 3.1 Oromia (48.1, 78.1) (0.0, 2.6) (10.5, 19.2) (6.6, 14.6) (4.4, 18.1) (0.6, 17.1) (5.4, 12.0) - (2.3, 4.1) 70.7 2.4 15.0 4.3 0.0 0.0 2.7 0.0 2.9 SNNPR (58.0, 80.8) (1.1, 5.1) (11.7, 19.0) (1.8, 10.3) - - (1.1, 6.4) - (2.1, 3.8) IQA† IUDs 78.2 - 72.5 25.3 5.0 1.1 13.4 0.0 6.8 Addis Ababa (55.4, 91.2) - (52.8, 86.1) (20.0, 31.4) (1.4, 16.0) (0.2, 7.7) (9.8, 18.0) - (4.5, 10.1) 77.4 0.9 21.1 18.0 3.2 1.5 10.9 0.0 4.0 Amhara (65.0, 86.3) (0.1, 5.9) (17.4, 25.5) (11.9, 26.3) (0.8, 12.5) (0.4, 5.7) (7.3, 15.9) - (3.1, 5.2) 64.5 0.4 14.3 9.9 9.1 3.4 8.1 0.0 3.1 Oromia (48.1, 78.1) (0.0, 2.6) (10.5, 19.2) (6.6, 14.6) (4.4, 18.1) (0.6, 17.1) (5.4, 12.0) - (2.3, 4.1) 70.7 2.4 15.0 4.3 0.0 0.0 2.7 0.0 2.9 SNNPR (58.0, 80.8) (1.1, 5.1) (11.7, 19.0) (1.8, 10.3) - - (1.1, 6.4) - (2.1, 3.8) * Private Medical category includes private health facilities, pharmacies, drug shops/RDV; this category excludes general retailers. † International quality-assured (IQA) contraceptives are defined as those on the WHO Prequalification or a Stringent Regulatory Authority (SRA) list. All oral contraceptive brands and nearly all emergency contraceptive brands found in Ethiopia were internationally quality assured according to this definition. Only 1 brand of injectable met this standard. See Annex 8 for a list of all brands found in survey and quality-assurance indications. Source: FPwatch Outlet Survey, Ethiopia, 2015

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Table B4: Availability of modern contraceptive method diversity, among outlets screened, by outlet type – Ethiopia, 2015 Public Health HEW / Health ALL Public / Private Health Drug Shop / ALL Private Pharmacy General Retailer ALL Outlets Facility Post Not-For-Profit* Facility RDV Medical* % % % % % % % % %

(95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) N=36 N=0 N=40 N=165 N=125 N=78 N=368 N=643 N=1,051 Proportion of outlets screened, N=95 N=236 N=337 N=124 N=43 N=75 N=242 N=2,071 N=2,650 currently stocking / providing†: N=80 N=242 N=326 N=203 N=36 N=86 N=325 N=1,835 N=2,486 N=76 N=297 N=378 N=94 N=11 N=53 N=158 N=1,576 N=2,112 3+ methods‡ 100.0 - 89.8 39.5 86.5 88.5 65.8 0.0 23.1 Addis Ababa - - (76.7, 95.9) (32.6, 46.7) (79.0, 91.6) (80.6, 93.4) (60.0, 71.2) - (14.5, 34.7) 96.0 90.1 91.5 78.1 91.6 81.7 81.2 0.0 20.2 Amhara (86.7, 98.9) (84.7, 93.8) (86.8, 94.6) (68.4, 85.4) (83.5, 96.0) (68.7, 90.0) (74.3, 86.6) - (16.1, 25.1) 98.9 77.8 81.6 59.0 97.9 76.6 66.1 0.0 19.9 Oromia (92.3, 99.9) (67.7, 85.4) (74.4, 87.1) (47.4, 69.6) (93.9, 99.3) (65.9, 84.7) (58.3, 73.1) - (16.2, 24.2) 96.0 80.2 82.5 59.0 81.1 68.0 63.5 0.0 18.9 SNNPR (89.7, 98.5) (74.9, 84.6) (77.6, 86.5) (43.3, 73.0) (43.9, 95.9) (49.3, 82.3) (50.6, 74.8) - (15.6, 22.7) 3+ methods with LARC 82.9 - 74.5 26.8 6.5 2.5 14.8 0.0 7.3 Addis Ababa (56.4, 94.8) - (55.3, 87.3) (21.6, 32.6) (2.1, 18.7) (0.7, 9.0) (11.2, 19.4) - (4.8, 11.1) 92.8 75.0 79.6 22.1 10.9 8.3 16.4 0.0 13.1 Amhara (85.1, 96.7) (64.6, 83.1) (71.3, 86.0) (15.5, 30.6) (5.8, 19.6) (2.2, 26.8) (11.9, 22.0) - (9.7, 17.5) 87.5 61.7 66.7 15.2 18.4 7.6 13.4 0.0 11.4 Oromia (65.0, 96.4) (51.1, 71.2) (57.6, 74.7) (10.5, 21.6) (9.1, 33.5) (1.9, 25.6) (8.9, 19.7) - (9.3, 13.8) 90.6 64.8 69.0 13.9 3.9 1.7 9.6 0.0 12.9 SNNPR (81.3, 95.5) (57.1, 71.7) (62.1, 75.1) (7.0, 25.8) (0.5, 23.2) (0.3, 10.7) (5.4, 16.5) - (9.8, 16.8) 3+ methods with LA/PM 82.9 - 74.5 27.4 6.5 2.5 15.1 0.0 7.4 Addis Ababa (56.4, 94.8) - (55.3, 87.3) (22.1, 33.5) (2.1, 18.7) (0.7, 9.0) (11.5, 19.6) - (4.8, 11.2) 92.8 75.0 79.6 22.1 10.9 8.3 16.4 0.0 13.1 Amhara (85.1, 96.7) (64.6, 83.1) (71.3, 86.0) (15.5, 30.6) (5.8, 19.6) (2.2, 26.8) (11.9, 22.0) - (9.7, 17.5) 87.5 61.7 66.7 15.2 18.4 7.6 13.4 0.0 11.4 Oromia (65.0, 96.4) (51.1, 71.2) (57.6, 74.7) (10.5, 21.6) (9.1, 33.5) (1.9, 25.6) (8.9, 19.7) - (9.3, 13.8) 90.6 64.8 69.0 13.9 3.9 1.7 9.6 0.0 12.9 SNNPR (81.3, 95.5) (57.1, 71.7) (62.1, 75.1) (7.0, 25.8) (0.5, 23.2) (0.3, 10.7) (5.4, 16.5) - (9.8, 16.8) 5+ methods§ 78.2 - 70.3 17.2 6.9 2.0 10.6 0.0 5.9 Addis Ababa (55.4, 91.2) - (51.7, 83.9) (12.5, 23.3) (3.2, 14.1) (0.5, 7.7) (7.5, 14.8) - (3.9, 8.9) 72.2 7.1 24.6 14.8 10.9 2.8 10.7 0.0 4.5 Amhara (58.2, 83.0) (3.6, 13.4) (20.0, 29.9) (9.8, 21.6) (5.8, 19.6) (0.8, 9.0) (7.6, 14.9) - (3.4, 5.9) 63.3 4.2 17.1 9.3 16.4 4.0 8.3 0.0 3.5 Oromia (47.4, 76.8) (2.3, 7.8) (12.8, 22.4) (6.0, 14.3) (7.1, 33.3) (1.3, 11.8) (5.2, 13.1) - (2.7, 4.5) www.FPwatch.info Page 53

65.5 5.9 16.9 5.7 0.0 1.7 4.1 0.0 3.3 SNNPR (52.5, 76.5) (3.3, 10.3) (12.7, 22.1) (2.6, 12.1) - (0.3, 10.7) (2.0, 8.0) - (2.4, 4.5) * Private Medical category includes private health facilities, pharmacies, drug shops/RDV; this category excludes general retailers. Source: FPwatch Outlet Survey, Ethiopia, 2016

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Table B5: Current stock out of selected modern contraceptive commodities on day of survey, among outlets reportedly stocking method in previous 3 months, by outlet type – Ethiopia, 2015 Public Health HEW / Health ALL Public / Private Health ALL Private Pharmacy Drug Shop / RDV General Retailer ALL Outlets Facility Post Not-For-Profit* Facility Medical* Proportion of outlets reportedly stocking method in % (n) % (n) % (n) % (n) % (n) % (n) % (n) % (n) % (n) previous 3 months, currently (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) stocked out of†,‡: Oral contraceptives 5.8 - 5.8 5.6 5.2 9.7 6.5 - 6.4 Addis Ababa [1.0, 27.2] (36) - [1.0, 27.2] (36) [1.6, 18.2] (63) [2.4, 11.0] (123) [4.8, 18.6] (75) [3.6, 11.3] (261) - [3.8, 10.4] (297) 1.3 3.8 3.1 4.7 0.0 4.0 3.6 - 3.3 Amhara [0.3, 5.3] (85) [1.9, 7.6] (211) [1.6, 6.2] (301) [1.9, 11.1] (94) [0.0, 0.0] (43) [0.9, 16.5] (69) [1.6, 8.1] (206) - [1.8, 6.1] (507) 9.2 9.2 9.2 10.9 18.0 13.7 12.3 - 10.5 Oromia [3.8, 20.4] (78) [5.4, 15.2] (204) [6.0, 13.9] (283) [5.7, 19.6] (137) [3.7, 55.7] (35) [7.2, 24.6] (82) [7.0, 20.9] (254) - [7.3, 15.0] (537) 10.9 4.0 5.5 4.1 0.0 11.6 6.2 - 5.6 SNNPR [4.9, 22.5] (70) [1.9, 8.0] (227) [3.1, 9.4] (297) [1.1, 14.2] (57) [0.0, 0.0] (10) [4.2, 28.1] (47) [2.7, 13.4] (114) - [3.5, 9.1] (411) Emergency contraceptives 6.3 - 6.3 2.9 2.5 16.0 6.0 - 6.1 Addis Ababa [1.1, 28.4] (33) - [1.1, 28.4] (33) [0.4, 16.4] (36) [0.7, 9.0] (91) [7.1, 32.2] (56) [3.4, 10.7] (183) - [2.9, 12.2] (216) 2.5 4.0 3.0 1.8 15.7 3.2 5.3 - 4.2 Amhara [0.4, 15.2] (61) [0.6, 21.3] (33) [0.8, 10.7] (98) [0.2, 12.5] (50) [3.8, 46.9] (34) [0.4, 20.9] (55) [1.9, 13.6] (139) - [1.6, 10.6] (237) 6.3 0.0 4.8 7.3 4.3 14.0 9.4 - 8.1 Oromia [1.2, 27.2] (32) [0.0, 0.0] (9) [0.9, 21.5] (42) [2.7, 18.3] (60) [1.6, 10.9] (29) [7.0, 26.1] (48) [5.5, 15.6] (137) - [5.0, 12.8] (179) 0.0 5.9 2.8 12.3 0.0 0.0 5.4 - 4.1 SNNPR [0.0, 0.0] (27) [0.7, 34.1] (19) [0.4, 17.9] (46) [2.8, 40.9] (23) [0.0, 0.0] (7) [0.0, 0.0] (27) [1.2, 21.8] (57) - [1.4, 11.5] (103) Contraceptive injectables 0.0 - 0.0 3.3 1.6 3.1 2.6 - 2.2 Addis Ababa [0.0, 0.0] (35) - [0.0, 0.0] (35) [1.2, 8.6] (99) [0.4, 6.7] (75) [0.8, 10.9] (54) [1.3, 5.3] (228) - [1.1, 4.5] (263) 3.4 5.5 5.0 5.9 0.0 2.9 4.3 - 4.7 Amhara [0.5, 21.1] (81) [3.1, 9.7] (210) [2.6, 9.2] (296) [2.4, 14.2] (109) [0.0, 0.0] (30) [0.6, 12.6] (51) [1.9, 9.5] (190) - [2.8, 8.1] (486) 4.5 6.7 6.2 6.8 0.0 3.9 5.6 - 5.9 Oromia [1.2, 14.9] (72) [3.9, 11.0] (214) [3.7, 10.0] (287) [3.5, 12.9] (145) [0.0, 0.0] (28) [0.8, 17.5] (51) [3.0, 10.2] (224) - [4.1, 8.5] (511) 1.8 3.9 3.5 11.2 4.3 5.7 9.0 - 4.7 SNNPR [0.4, 6.9] (71) [1.8, 8.5] (265) [1.7, 7.2] (336) [3.8, 28.7] (61) [0.6, 25.4] (10) [1.6, 18.6] (29) [3.7, 20.6] (100) - [2.6, 8.3] (436) Contraceptive implants 0.0 - 0.0 0.0 49.4 0.0 4.1 - 2.4 Addis Ababa [0.0, 0.0] (30) - [0.0, 0.0] (30) [0.0, 0.0] (45) [11.2, 88.3] (4) (1) [1.1, 14.6] (50) - [0.6, 9.0] (80) 0.0 2.2 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 1.6 Amhara [0.0, 0.0] (85) [0.8, 5.6] (190) [0.7, 4.1] (280) [0.0, 0.0] (32) [0.0, 0.0] (3) [0.0, 0.0] (4) [0.0, 0.0] (39) - [0.7, 3.8] (319) 1.7 2.8 2.5 6.9 0.0 0.0 5.7 - 2.9 Oromia [0.4, 6.4] (73) [1.0, 7.4] (167) [1.1, 5.5] (240) [1.4, 27.5] (34) [0.0, 0.0] (5) [0.0, 0.0] (8) [1.2, 23.5] (47) - [1.5, 5.5] (287)

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0.0 5.3 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 3.9 SNNPR [0.0, 0.0] (67) [2.4, 11.5] (211) [1.8, 8.9] (278) [0.0, 0.0] (13) (1) (1) [0.0, 0.0] (15) - [1.7, 8.5] (293) IUDs 0.0 - 0.0 13.1 24.6 58.7 16.4 - 10.2 Addis Ababa [0.0, 0.0] (29) - [0.0, 0.0] (30) [5.7, 27.3] (47) [4.4, 70.0] (7) [7.7, 96.0] (2) [9.2, 27.5] (56) - [5.5, 18.2] (86) 4.3 0.0 4.1 2.8 0.0 0.0 2.6 - 3.8 Amhara [1.7, 10.8] (75) [0.0, 0.0] (2) [1.6, 10.2] (81) [0.4, 16.2] (27) [0.0, 0.0] (2) [0.0, 0.0] (2) [0.4, 14.3] (31) - [1.6, 8.5] (112) 2.3 0.0 2.3 5.9 0.0 0.0 4.9 - 3.1 Oromia [0.5, 9.8] (56) (1) [0.5, 9.6] (57) [1.5, 20.8] (23) [0.0, 0.0] (5) [0.0, 0.0] (4) [1.2, 17.3] (32) - [1.1, 8.5] (89) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - - 0.0 - 0.0 SNNPR [0.0, 0.0] (51) [0.0, 0.0] (10) [0.0, 0.0] (61) [0.0, 0.0] (6) - - [0.0, 0.0] (6) - [0.0, 0.0] (67) * Private Medical category includes private health facilities, pharmacies, drug shops/RDV; this category excludes general retailers. † This indicator is among all screened outlets that reportedly stocked the method in the previous 3 months. It does not account for whether the outlet is expected to provide the commodity according to national regulations. It is a point- in-time stock out indicator from https://www.rhsupplies.org/fileadmin/uploads/rhsc/Issues/Addressing_Stockouts/Takestock/Documents/Using_the_Power_of_Partnership_to_Speak_the_Same_Language_on_Stockouts.pdf. It is defined as the percentage of facilities reporting that they have stocked the method in the previous 3 months but were stocked out on the day of the assessment. Source: FPwatch Outlet Survey, Ethiopia, 2016

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Table B6a: Price of selected modern contraceptive methods in USD, by private outlet type and region ALL Private Health Facility Pharmacy Drug Shop / RDV General Retailer Private Medical* Median (N) Median (N) Median (N) Median (N) Median (N) Median price of method in USD†‡ [IQR] [IQR] [IQR] [IQR] [IQR] Addis Ababa $ 0.03 (75) $ 0.05 (121) $ 0.05 (77) $ 0.05 (273) $ 0.05 (43) Male condoms [0.00, 0.05] [0.05, 0.05] [0.03, 0.05] [0.03, 0.05] [0.03, 0.05] $ 0.00 (1) $ 0.24 (12) $ 0.15 (3) $ 0.15 (16) - Female condoms [0.00, 0.00] [0.15, 0.29] [0.10, 0.24] [0.00, 0.24] - $ 0.24 (92) $ 0.49 (321) $ 0.39 (158) $ 0.49 (571) - Oral contraceptives [0.15, 0.49] [0.10, 0.73] [0.10, 0.58] [0.10, 0.73] - $ 0.73 (36) $ 0.49 (96) $ 0.49 (58) $ 0.49 (190) - Emergency contraceptives [0.49, 0.73] [0.49, 0.58] [0.49, 0.58] [0.49, 0.73] - $ 0.49 (92) $ 0.24 (64) $ 0.24 (42) $ 0.34 (198) - Injectables§ [0.49, 0.73] [0.24, 0.29] [0.24, 0.31] [0.24, 0.49] - $ 1.95 (58) $ 0.73 (2) $ 4.87 (1) $ 1.70 (61) - Implants§ [1.22, 3.89] [0.49, 0.73] [4.87, 4.87] [1.22, 3.89] - $ 3.41 (34) $ 0.24 (3) - $ 2.43 (37) - IUDs (Copper T)§ [2.43, 5.84] [0.24, 0.61] - [1.95, 4.87] - Amhara $ 0.02 (94) $ 0.03 (40) $ 0.04 (68) $ 0.03 (202) $ 0.01 (461) Male condoms [0.01, 0.04] [0.03, 0.05] [0.03, 0.05] [0.02, 0.05] [0.01, 0.04] - - - - - Female condoms - - - - - $ 0.19 (113) $ 0.24 (71) $ 0.15 (100) $ 0.19 (284) - Oral contraceptives [0.15, 0.24] [0.15, 0.49] [0.15, 0.34] [0.15, 0.34] - $ 0.58 (50) $ 0.58 (33) $ 0.58 (55) $ 0.58 (138) - Emergency contraceptives [0.49, 0.73] [0.49, 0.58] [0.49, 0.58] [0.49, 0.61] - $ 0.39 (112) $ 0.24 (28) $ 0.34 (50) $ 0.34 (190) - Injectables§ [0.34, 0.49] [0.24, 0.29] [0.24, 0.39] [0.29, 0.49] - $ 1.46 (56) $ 0.83 (2) $ 0.49 (4) $ 1.46 (62) - Implants§ [0.97, 1.46] [0.00, 0.83] [0.00, 2.43] [0.97, 1.46] - $ 1.46 (24) - - $ 1.46 (24) - IUDs (Copper T)§ [1.22, 1.95] - - [1.22, 1.95] - Oromia $ 0.03 (146) $ 0.05 (36) $ 0.03 (76) $ 0.03 (258) $ 0.02 (99) Male condoms [0.02, 0.05] [0.03, 0.05] [0.03, 0.05] [0.02, 0.05] [0.02, 0.04] $ 0.00 (1) - - $ 0.00 (1) - Female condoms [0.00, 0.00] - - [0.00, 0.00] -

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Table B6a: Price of selected modern contraceptive methods in USD, by private outlet type and region ALL Private Health Facility Pharmacy Drug Shop / RDV General Retailer Private Medical* $ 0.15 (173) $ 0.29 (86) $ 0.15 (131) $ 0.15 (390) - Oral contraceptives [0.15, 0.24] [0.15, 0.49] [0.15, 0.49] [0.15, 0.39] - $ 0.49 (61) $ 0.49 (30) $ 0.49 (49) $ 0.49 (140) - Emergency contraceptives [0.49, 0.73] [0.49, 0.58] [0.39, 0.58] [0.49, 0.63] - $ 0.34 (149) $ 0.24 (28) $ 0.24 (53) $ 0.29 (230) - Injectables§ [0.24, 0.49] [0.24, 0.29] [0.24, 0.34] [0.24, 0.49] - $ 1.46 (50) $ 2.43 (4) $ 0.97 (4) $ 1.46 (58) - Implants§ [0.73, 1.95] [2.43, 2.68] [0.00, 2.43] [0.73, 1.95] - $ 1.22 (20) $ 0.00 (2) - $ 1.22 (22) - IUDs (Copper T)§ [0.73, 2.43] [0.00, 0.97] - [0.73, 2.43] - SNNP $ 0.03 (74) $ 0.03 (11) $ 0.03 (48) $ 0.03 (133) $ 0.02 (147) Male condoms [0.02, 0.04] [0.03, 0.05] [0.03, 0.05] [0.02, 0.04] [0.01, 0.03] $ 0.15 (2) - - $ 0.15 (2) - Female condoms [0.00, 0.15] - - [0.00, 0.15] - $ 0.24 (76) $ 0.34 (16) $ 0.24 (67) $ 0.24 (159) - Oral contraceptives [0.15, 0.49] [0.10, 0.49] [0.15, 0.44] [0.15, 0.49] - $ 0.49 (23) $ 0.49 (7) $ 0.49 (27) $ 0.49 (57) - Emergency contraceptives [0.39, 0.58] [0.49, 0.58] [0.49, 0.58] [0.49, 0.58] - $ 0.34 (62) $ 0.34 (8) $ 0.29 (27) $ 0.34 (97) - Injectables§ [0.29, 0.49] [0.29, 0.34] [0.24, 0.49] [0.24, 0.49] - $ 1.22 (16) - $ 0.49 (1) $ 1.22 (17) - Implants§ [0.97, 1.46] - [0.49, 0.49] [0.73, 1.46] - $ 0.97 (6) - - $ 0.97 (6) - IUDs (Copper T)§ [0.73, 1.46] - - [0.73, 1.46] - * ALL Private Medical includes private health facilities, pharmacies, drug shops/RDV. This category excludes general retailers. † Based on the average rate of exchange from July 6 – August 15, 2015 of 20.56 Birr per 1 USD. ‡ This price is determined for the unit used in CYP conversion factors: condoms: 1 condom; oral contraceptives: 1 cycle or blister package; emergency contraceptives: 1 dose; injectables: 1 dose/injection; implants: 1 implant insertion (1 or 2 rods); IUDs: 1 IUD. § Price for all commodities with provider-dependent service (injectables, implants, IUDs) may include service charge. Source: FPwatch Outlet Survey, Ethiopia, 2016.

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Table B6b: Price of selected modern contraceptive methods in USD per CYP, by private outlet type and region ALL Private Health Facility Pharmacy Drug Shop / RDV General Retailer Private Medical* Median price of method in USD† Median (N) Median (N) Median (N) Median (N) Median (N) per CYP‡§ [IQR] [IQR] [IQR] [IQR] [IQR] Addis Ababa $ 3.89 (75) $ 5.84 (121) $ 5.84 (77) $ 5.84 (273) $ 5.84 (43) Male condoms [0.00, 5.84] [5.84, 5.84] [3.89, 5.84] [3.89, 5.84] [3.89, 5.84] $ 0.00 (1) $ 29.19 (12) $ 17.52 (3) $ 17.52 (16) - Female condoms [0.00, 0.00] [17.52, 35.03] [11.68, 29.19] [0.00, 29.19] - $ 3.65 (92) $ 7.30 (321) $ 5.84 (158) $ 7.30 (571) - Oral contraceptives [2.19, 7.30] [1.46, 10.95] [1.46, 8.76] [1.46, 10.95] - $ 14.60 (36) $ 9.73 (96) $ 9.73 (58) $ 9.73 (190) - Emergency contraceptives [9.73, 14.60] [9.73, 11.68] [9.73, 11.68] [9.73, 14.60] - $ 1.95 (92) $ 0.97 (64) $ 0.97 (42) $ 1.36 (198) - Injectables|| [1.95, 2.92] [0.97, 1.17] [0.97, 1.23] [0.97, 1.95] - $ 0.58 (58) $ 0.19 (2) $ 1.52 (1) $ 0.58 (61) - Implants|| [0.45, 1.28] [0.15, 0.19] [1.52, 1.52] [0.39, 1.28] - $ 0.74 (34) $ 0.05 (3) - $ 0.53 (37) - IUDs (Copper T)|| [0.53, 1.27] [0.05, 0.13] - [0.42, 1.06] - Amhara $ 2.92 (94) $ 3.89 (40) $ 4.38 (68) $ 3.89 (202) $ 1.46 (461) Male condoms [1.46, 4.38] [3.89, 5.84] [3.89, 5.84] [2.92, 5.84] [1.46, 4.38] - - - - - Female condoms - - - - - $ 2.92 (113) $ 3.65 (71) $ 2.19 (100) $ 2.92 (284) - Oral contraceptives [2.19, 3.65] [2.19, 7.30] [2.19, 5.11] [2.19, 5.11] - $ 11.68 (50) $ 11.68 (33) $ 11.68 (55) $ 11.68 (138) - Emergency contraceptives [9.73, 14.60] [9.73, 11.68] [9.73, 11.68] [9.73, 12.16] - $ 1.56 (112) $ 0.97 (28) $ 1.36 (50) $ 1.36 (190) - Injectables|| [1.36, 1.95] [0.97, 1.17] [0.97, 1.56] [1.17, 1.95] - $ 0.46 (56) $ 0.26 (2) $ 0.15 (4) $ 0.39 (62) - Implants|| [0.38, 0.58] [0.00, 0.26] [0.00, 0.76] [0.32, 0.58] - $ 0.32 (24) - - $ 0.32 (24) - IUDs (Copper T)|| [0.26, 0.42] - - [0.26, 0.42] - Oromia $ 3.89 (146) $ 5.84 (36) $ 3.89 (76) $ 3.89 (258) $ 2.92 (99) Male condoms [2.92, 5.84] [3.89, 5.84] [3.89, 5.84] [2.92, 5.84] [2.92, 4.38] $ 0.00 (1) - - $ 0.00 (1) - Female condoms [0.00, 0.00] - - [0.00, 0.00] -

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Table B6b: Price of selected modern contraceptive methods in USD per CYP, by private outlet type and region ALL Private Health Facility Pharmacy Drug Shop / RDV General Retailer Private Medical* $ 2.19 (173) $ 4.38 (86) $ 2.19 (131) $ 2.19 (390) - Oral contraceptives [2.19, 3.65] [2.19, 7.30] [2.19, 7.30] [2.19, 5.84] - $ 9.73 (61) $ 9.73 (30) $ 9.73 (49) $ 9.73 (140) - Emergency contraceptives [9.73, 14.60] [9.73, 11.68] [7.78, 11.68] [9.73, 12.65] - $ 1.36 (149) $ 0.97 (28) $ 0.97 (53) $ 1.17 (230) - Injectables|| [0.97, 1.95] [0.97, 1.17] [0.97, 1.36] [0.97, 1.95] - $ 0.39 (50) $ 0.84 (4) $ 0.30 (4) $ 0.39 (58) - Implants|| [0.19, 0.64] [0.76, 0.84] [0.00, 0.76] [0.19, 0.68] - $ 0.26 (20) $ 0.00 (2) - $ 0.26 (22) - IUDs (Copper T)|| [0.16, 0.53] [0.00, 0.21] - [0.16, 0.53] - SNNP $ 3.89 (74) $ 3.89 (11) $ 3.89 (48) $ 3.89 (133) $ 2.92 (147) Male condoms [2.92, 4.38] [3.89, 5.84] [3.89, 5.84] [2.92, 4.38] [1.46, 3.89] $ 17.52 (2) - - $ 17.52 (2) - Female condoms [0.00, 17.52] - - [0.00, 17.52] - $ 3.65 (76) $ 5.11 (16) $ 3.65 (67) $ 3.65 (159) - Oral contraceptives [2.19, 7.30] [1.46, 7.30] [2.19, 6.57] [2.19, 7.30] - $ 9.73 (23) $ 9.73 (7) $ 9.73 (27) $ 9.73 (57) - Emergency contraceptives [7.78, 11.68] [9.73, 11.68] [9.73, 11.68] [9.73, 11.68] - $ 1.36 (62) $ 1.36 (8) $ 1.17 (27) $ 1.36 (97) - Injectables|| [1.17, 1.95] [1.17, 1.36] [0.97, 1.95] [0.97, 1.95] - $ 0.46 (16) - $ 0.15 (1) $ 0.46 (17) - Implants|| [0.30, 0.49] - [0.15, 0.15] [0.23, 0.49] - $ 0.21 (6) - - $ 0.21 (6) - IUDs (Copper T)|| [0.16, 0.32] - - [0.16, 0.32] - * ALL Private Medical includes private health facilities, pharmacies, drug shops/RDV. This category excludes general retailers. † Based on the average rate of exchange from July 6 – August 15, 2015 of 20.56 Birr per 1 USD. ‡ CYP – Couple Year Protection is the estimated protection provided by contraceptive methods during a one-year period, based upon the volume of all contraceptives sold or distributed free of charge to clients during that period (see Annex 11). § This price is determined for the unit used in CYP conversion factors: condoms: 1 condom; oral contraceptives: 1 cycle or blister package; emergency contraceptives: 1 dose; injectables: 1 dose/injection; implants: 1 implant insertion (1 or 2 rods); IUDs: 1 IUD. || Price for all commodities with provider-dependent service (injectables, implants, IUDs) may include service charge. Source: FPwatch Outlet Survey, Ethiopia, 2016.

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Table B7: Median markup percentage for selected modern contraceptive methods, by private outlet type and region ALL Private Health Facility Pharmacy Drug Shop / RDV Private Medical* Median markup percentage† of Median % (N) Median % (N) Median % (N) Median % (N) method‡§ [IQR %] [IQR %] [IQR %] [IQR %] Addis Ababa 50% (24) 50% (231) 44% (104) 50% (359) Oral contraceptives [29%, 100%] [20%, 67%] [25%, 67%] [21%, 67%] 88% (14) 25% (79) 25% (40) 30% (133) Emergency contraceptives [20%, 88%] [25%, 43%] [25%, 50%] [25%, 50%] 50% (3) 33% (46) 25% (33) 33% (82) Injectables§ [33%, 50%] [25%, 67%] [25%, 43%] [25%, 67%] 43% (18) 7% (1) 6% (1) 43% (20) Implants§ [24%, 49%] [7%, 7%] [6%, 6%] [15%, 49%] 30% (12) - - 30% (12) IUDs (Copper T)§ [17%, 49%] - - [17%, 49%] Amhara 78% (79) 38% (40) 67% (82) 67% (201) Oral contraceptives [50%, 129%] [20%, 67%] [33%, 100%] [33%, 100%] 50% (38) 25% (22) 33% (50) 38% (110) Emergency contraceptives [25%, 75%] [20%, 50%] [25%, 50%] [25%, 56%] 25% (14) 50% (16) 67% (40) 56% (70) Injectables§ [0%, 87%] [26%, 71%] [45%, 100%] [33%, 90%] 30% (25) 8% (1) 0% (3) 30% (29) Implants§ [24%, 36%] [8%, 8%] [0%, 6%] [11%, 36%] 24% (11) - - 24% (11) IUDs (Copper T)§ [0%, 29%] - - [0%, 29%] Oromia 50% (132) 67% (56) 67% (112) 50% (300) Oral contraceptives [25%, 100%] [33%, 100%] [33%, 100%] [25%, 100%] 40% (52) 25% (26) 43% (42) 41% (120) Emergency contraceptives [21%, 67%] [20%, 50%] [25%, 67%] [25%, 67%] 71% (15) 43% (19) 43% (43) 50% (77) Injectables§ [25%, 100%] [33%, 100%] [25%, 67%] [25%, 88%] 18% (28) 24% (4) 12% (1) 18% (33) Implants§ [12%, 49%] [7%, 24%] [12%, 12%] [12%, 49%] 36% (10) 0% (2) - 36% (12) IUDs (Copper T)§ [18%, 69%] [0%, 8%] - [14%, 69%]

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Table B7: Median markup percentage for selected modern contraceptive methods, by private outlet type and region ALL Private Health Facility Pharmacy Drug Shop / RDV Private Medical* SNNP 67% (51) 87% (15) 50% (56) 67% (122) Oral contraceptives [20%, 100%] [20%, 90%] [25%, 82%] [20%, 100%] 25% (18) 25% (7) 43% (23) 25% (48) Emergency contraceptives [20%, 67%] [25%, 40%] [25%, 67%] [25%, 67%] 40% (9) 54% (7) 43% (19) 43% (35) Injectables§ [-50%, 757%] [14%, 75%] [43%, 100%] [33%, 75%] 20% (11) - - 20% (11) Implants§ [12%, 20%] - - [12%, 20%] 12% (4) - - 12% (4) IUDs (Copper T)§ [0%, 36%] - - [0%, 36%] * ALL Private Medical includes private health facilities, pharmacies, drug shops/RDV. This category excludes general retailers. † To determine median markup percentage, we first determined the profit margin for selected modern contraceptives at private sector outlet categories: retail price – wholesale price. We then determined a profit margin proportion by: profit margin/retail price. Finally, we converted profit margin to markup by: wholesale price/(1- profit margin proportion). We converted to a percentage and determined the median markup with IQR range. Using oral contraceptives sold in private health facilities as an example, this can be interpreted as private health facilities adding 50% to the wholesale costs to set the retail cost. ‡ This price is determined for the unit used in CYP conversion factors: condoms: 1 condom; oral contraceptives: 1 cycle or blister package; emergency contraceptives: 1 dose; injectables: 1 dose/injection; implants: 1 implant insertion (1 or 2 rods); IUDs: 1 IUD. § Price for all commodities with provider-dependent service (injectables, implants, IUDs) may include service charge. Source: FPwatch Outlet Survey, Ethiopia, 2016.

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Table B8: Contraceptive method market share by region CYPs sold or distributed in previous 1 Public ALL ALL HEW / Health Private Health Drug Shop / General METHOD month by outlet type and Health Public / Not- Pharmacy Private Post Facility RDV Retailer TOTAL‡ contraceptive method type as a % of Facility For-Profit* Medical† all CYPs sold / distributed: % % % % % % % % % IQA¶ implants 28.6 25.1 53.7 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.6 - 54.4 3-year 21.5 24.6 46.1 0.2 - - 0.2 - 46.3 4-year 1.4 0.0 1.4 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.4 - 1.8 5-year 5.7 0.5 6.2 0.0 - - 0.0 - 6.2 7. IUDs (Copper T) 10.0 0.1 10.0 0.1 - - 0.1 - 10.1 IQA¶ IUDs 10.0 0.1 10.0 0.1 - - 0.1 - 10.1 8. Male sterilization ------0.0 9. Female sterilization 0.1 - 0.1 - - - - - 0.1 OUTLET TYPE TOTAL** 48.4 43.6 92.0 4.4 1.3 1.8 7.5 0.5 100.0 * This includes private not-for-profit outlets. † This includes private health facilities, pharmacies, drug shops/RDV. This category excludes general retailers. ‡ Row sum – market share for the specified contraceptive method type. Outlet type categories 1 and 2 sum to column 3. Categories 4, 5, and 6 sum to column 8. § A total of 40,929 CYPs (weighted) were reportedly distributed in the previous 1 month in Addis Ababa. This is based on number of commodities reportedly sold for categories 1-7 (not number of services performed for categories 5-7) and number of sterilizations reportedly performed for categories 8-9. See Annex 11 for a description of CYP calculation and Annex 12 for CYP numbers by outlet type and method category. Information was collected from 357 outlets on male condoms and 16 outlets on female condoms. Of these, 84 outlets with male condoms and 5 outlets with female condoms were not included in market share calculations due to incomplete or inconsistent information. A total of 665 oral contraceptives, 230 emergency contraceptives, 276 injectables, 141 implants and 85 IUDs were audited. Of these, 92 oral contraceptives, 23 emergency contraceptives, 33 injectables, 14 implants and 12 IUDs were not included in market share calculations due to incomplete or inconsistent information. Information was collected from 4 outlets performing male sterilizations and 6 outlets performing female sterilizations. There was no incomplete or inconsistent information from these outlets for market share calculations. See Annex 11 for a description of CYP calculation and Annex 12 for CYP numbers by outlet type and method category. || HEWs serve rural areas. There are no HEWs in Addis Ababa, a metropolitan area. ¶ International quality-assured (IQA) contraceptives are defined as those on the WHO Prequalification or a Stringent Regulatory Authority (SRA) list. All oral contraceptive brands and nearly all emergency contraceptive brands found in Ethiopia were internationally quality assured according to this definition. Only 1 brand of injectable met this standard. See Annex 8 for a list of all brands found in survey and quality-assurance indications. ** Column sum – market share for the specified outlet type. Method category rows 1-9 sum to bottom ‘Outlet Type Total’ row. Categories 1 through 9 sum to 100% in the far-right column – method total column. †† A total of 235,408 CYPs (weighted) were reportedly distributed in the previous 1 month in Amhara. This is based on number of commodities reportedly sold for categories 1-7 (not number of services performed for categories 5-7) and number of sterilizations reportedly performed for categories 8-9. See Annex 11 for a description of CYP calculation and Annex 12 for CYP numbers by outlet type and method category. Information was collected from 981 outlets on male condoms and 3 outlets on female condoms. Of these, 144 outlets with male condoms and 1 outlet with female condoms were not included in market share calculations due to incomplete or inconsistent information. A total of 652 oral contraceptives, 250 emergency contraceptives, 527 injectables, 465 implants and 111 IUDs were audited. Of these, 44 oral contraceptives, 21 emergency contraceptives, 17 injectables, 11 implants and 3 IUDs were not included in market share calculations due to incomplete or inconsistent information. Information was collected from 9 outlets performing male sterilizations and 9 outlets performing female sterilizations. There was no incomplete or inconsistent information from these outlets for market share calculations. See Annex 11 for a description of CYP calculation and Annex 12 for CYP numbers by outlet type and method category. ‡‡ A total of 233,295 CYPs (weighted) were reportedly distributed in the previous 1 month in Oromia. This is based on number of commodities reportedly sold for categories 1-7 (not number of services performed for categories 5-7) and number of sterilizations reportedly performed for categories 8-9. See Annex 11 for a description of CYP calculation and Annex 12 for CYP numbers by outlet type and method category. Information was collected from 607 outlets on male condoms and 3 outlets on female condoms. Of these, 58 outlets with male condoms and no outlets with female condoms were not included in market share calculations due to incomplete or inconsistent information. A total of 733 oral contraceptives, 185 emergency contraceptives, 547 injectables, 369 implants and 89 IUDs were audited. Of these, 13 oral contraceptives, 7 emergency contraceptives, 4 injectables, 2 implants and no IUDs were not included in market share calculations due to incomplete or inconsistent information. Information was collected from 3 outlets performing male sterilizations and 5 outlets performing female sterilizations. There was no incomplete or inconsistent information from these outlets for market share calculations. See Annex 11 for a description of CYP calculation and Annex 12 for CYP numbers by outlet type and method category. §§ A total of 138,290 CYPs (weighted) were reportedly distributed in the previous 1 month in SNNP. This is based on number of commodities reportedly sold for categories 1-7 (not number of services performed for categories 5-7) and number of sterilizations reportedly performed for categories 8-9. See Annex 11 for a description of CYP calculation and Annex 12 for CYP numbers by outlet type and method category. Information was collected from 597 outlets on male condoms and 3 outlets on female condoms. Of these, 84 outlets with male condoms and no outlets with female condoms were not included in market share calculations due to incomplete or inconsistent information. A total of 512 oral contraceptives, 105 emergency contraceptives, 461 injectables, 363 implants and 73 IUDs were www.FPwatch.info Page 65

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Table B9: Contraceptive method market share within outlet type by region CYPs sold or distributed in previous 1 Public ALL ALL HEW / Health Private Health Drug Shop / month by contraceptive method type Health Public / Not- Pharmacy Private General Retailer Post Facility RDV as a % of all CYPs sold/distributed Facility For-Profit* Medical† within each outlet type: % % % % % % % % 7. IUDs (Copper T) 20.6 0.1 10.9 2.2 - - 1.3 - IQA|| IUDs 20.6 0.1 10.9 2.2 - - 1.3 - 8. Male sterilization ------9. Female sterilization 0.3 - 0.1 - - - - - * This includes private not-for-profit outlets. † This includes private health facilities, pharmacies, drug shops/RDV. This category excludes general retailers. ‡ CYPs reportedly sold or distributed in the previous 1 month in Addis Ababa: 26,850 public health facility; 0 HEW/health post (no HEWs in Addis Ababa); 26,850 all public/private not-for-profit; 6,304 private health facility; 5,788 pharmacy; 1,914 drug shop; 14,005 all private medical; 74 general retailer. See Annex 11 for a description of CYP calculation and Annex 12 for CYP numbers by outlet type and method category. A total of 1,397 contraceptives were audited and condom information was collected from a total of 373 outlets for a total of 1,770 products potentially with information on volume. Of these, 263 audited contraceptives and outlets with condoms were not included in market share calculations due to incomplete or inconsistent information, including the following number of contraceptives and condoms by outlet type: 45 public health facility; 0 HEW/health post; 45 all public/not-for-profit; 62 private health facility; 114 pharmacy; 42 drug shop; 210 all private medical; and 8 general retailer. There was no missing or incomplete information for outlets providing sterilization services. See Annex 11 for a description of CYP calculation and Annex 12 for CYP numbers by outlet type and method category. § HEWs serve rural areas. There are no HEWs in Addis Ababa, a metropolitan area. || International quality-assured (IQA) contraceptives are defined as those on the WHO Prequalification or a Stringent Regulatory Authority (SRA) list. All oral contraceptive brands and nearly all emergency contraceptive brands found in Ethiopia were internationally quality assured according to this definition. Only 1 brand of injectable met this standard. See Annex 8 for a list of all brands found in survey and quality-assurance indications. ¶ CYPs reportedly sold or distributed in the previous 1 month in Amhara: 100,195 public health facility; 88,987 HEW/health post; 197,659 all public/private not-for-profit; 24,310 private health facility; 3,702 pharmacy; 8,409 drug shop; 36,422 all private medical; 1,328 general retailer. See Annex 11 for a description of CYP calculation and Annex 12 for CYP numbers by outlet type and method category. A total of 2,005 contraceptives were audited and condom information was collected from a total of 984 outlets for a total of 2,989 products potentially with information on volume. Of these, 241 audited contraceptives and outlets with condoms were not included in market share calculations due to incomplete or inconsistent information, including the following number of contraceptives and condoms by outlet type: 39 public health facility; 8 HEW/health post; 54 all public/not-for-profit; 24 private health facility; 43 pharmacy; 46 drug shop; 104 all private medical; and 83 general retailer. There was no missing or incomplete information for outlets providing sterilization services. See Annex 11 for a description of CYP calculation and Annex 12 for CYP numbers by outlet type and method category. ** CYPs reportedly sold or distributed in the previous 1 month in Oromia: 108,978 public health facility; 70,574 HEW/health post; 179,760 all public/private not-for-profit; 39,345 private health facility; 5,859 pharmacy; 7,421 drug shop; 52,625 all private medical; 911 general retailer. See Annex 11 for a description of CYP calculation and Annex 12 for CYP numbers by outlet type and method category. A total of 1,923 contraceptives were audited and condom information was collected from a total of 610 outlets for a total of 2,533 products potentially with information on volume. Of these, 84 audited contraceptives and outlets with condoms were not included in market share calculations due to incomplete or inconsistent information, including the following number of contraceptives and condoms by outlet type: 13 public health facility; 12 HEW/health post; 24 all public/not-for-profit; 13 private health facility; 13 pharmacy; 23 drug shop; 45 all private medical; and 15 general retailer. There was no missing or incomplete information for outlets providing sterilization services. See Annex 11 for a description of CYP calculation and Annex 12 for CYP numbers by outlet type and method category. †† CYPs reportedly sold or distributed in the previous 1 month in SNNP: 66,970 public health facility; 60,289 HEW/health post; 127,258 all public/private not-for-profit; 6,062 private health facility; 1,834 pharmacy; 2,465 drug shop; 10,361 all private medical; 670 general retailer. See Annex 11 for a description of CYP calculation and Annex 12 for CYP numbers by outlet type and method category. A total of 1,514 contraceptives were audited and condom information was collected from a total of 600 outlets for a total of 2,114 products potentially with information on volume. Of these, 107 audited contraceptives and outlets with condoms were not included in market share calculations due to incomplete or inconsistent information, including the following number of contraceptives and condoms by outlet type: 20 public health facility; 22 HEW/health post; 42 all public/not-for-profit; 14 private health facility; 9 pharmacy; 17 drug shop; 39 all private medical; and 26 general retailer. There was no missing or incomplete information for outlets providing sterilization services. See Annex 11 for a description of CYP calculation and Annex 12 for CYP numbers by outlet type and method category.

Categories 1 through 9 sum to 100% within each column. Source: FPwatch Outlet Survey, Ethiopia, 2016.

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Table B10: Availability of selected contraceptive services, among outlets screened, by outlet type – Ethiopia, 2015 Public Health HEW / Health ALL Public / Private Health Drug Shop / ALL Private Pharmacy General Retailer ALL Outlets Facility Post Not-For-Profit* Facility RDV Medical* % % % % % % % % %

(95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) N=36 N=0 N=40 N=165 N=125 N=78 N=368 N=643 N=1,051 Proportion of outlets screened, N=95 N=236 N=337 N=124 N=43 N=75 N=242 N=2,071 N=2,650 currently providing†: N=80 N=242 N=326 N=203 N=36 N=86 N=325 N=1,835 N=2,486 N=76 N=297 N=378 N=94 N=11 N=53 N=158 N=1,576 N=2,112 Contraceptive injection service 82.9 - 80.3 80.9 0.0 1.1 36.5 0.0 14.0 Addis Ababa (56.4, 94.8) - (57.1, 92.6) (71.4, 87.7) - (0.2, 7.7) (32.7, 40.4) - (9.6, 19.9) 97.2 99.3 98.5 99.3 0.0 16.8 59.8 0.0 19.5 Amhara (88.7, 99.4) (95.1, 99.9) (95.9, 99.5) (97.0, 99.8) - (9.2, 28.5) (50.9, 68.1) - (15.1, 24.8) 90.6 97.4 95.2 90.7 0.0 8.3 63.1 0.0 21.6 Oromia (62.4, 98.2) (93.6, 99.0) (86.9, 98.3) (84.2, 94.7) - (3.1, 20.0) (54.0, 71.3) - (17.9, 25.8) 98.0 97.3 96.7 84.5 37.3 15.1 60.7 0.0 21.2 SNNPR (92.2, 99.5) (93.9, 98.9) (93.3, 98.4) (73.8, 91.4) (10.5, 75.2) (7.5, 27.8) (51.8, 68.9) - (17.0, 26.2) Contraceptive implant service 82.9 - 74.5 34.6 0.0 0.0 15.5 0.0 7.5 Addis Ababa (56.4, 94.8) - (55.3, 87.3) (28.3, 41.5) - - (12.7, 18.8) - (5.2, 10.8) 93.6 82.3 84.9 27.0 0.0 1.1 15.3 0.0 13.8 Amhara (85.6, 97.3) (70.7, 89.9) (76.1, 90.8) (19.6, 36.0) - (0.2, 7.1) (11.4, 20.1) - (10.2, 18.5) 88.5 71.1 74.2 17.4 0.0 0.0 11.7 0.0 12.3 Oromia (64.7, 97.0) (59.3, 80.7) (63.2, 82.8) (12.8, 23.3) - - (9.2, 14.8) - (10.2, 14.6) 94.5 78.7 81.0 9.7 0.0 0.0 6.1 0.0 14.8 SNNPR (84.9, 98.1) (70.9, 84.8) (73.9, 86.5) (4.6, 19.5) - - (3.1, 11.7) - (11.4, 19.2) IUD insertion service 80.2 - 74.2 31.5 0.0 0.0 14.1 0.0 7.1 Addis Ababa (56.1, 92.7) - (53.8, 87.7) (25.6, 38.0) - - (11.5, 17.3) - (4.9, 10.1) 76.8 - 21.0 22.6 0.0 0.0 12.5 0.0 4.1 Amhara (64.0, 86.0) - (16.7, 26.0) (15.4, 31.8) - - (8.9, 17.3) - (3.2, 5.3) 66.1 - 14.4 13.3 0.0 0.0 9.0 0.0 3.2 Oromia (49.3, 79.7) - (10.6, 19.3) (8.6, 20.0) - - (6.1, 13.0) - (2.4, 4.3) 66.0 - 13.4 6.8 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 2.7 SNNPR (53.0, 77.0) - (10.3, 17.3) (2.9, 14.8) - - (2.0, 8.9) - (2.0, 3.6) Male sterilization service 0.0 - 0.0 2.5 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.3 Addis Ababa - - - (1.1, 5.9) - - (0.5, 2.6) - (0.1, 0.8) 3.8 0.0 1.2 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.2 Amhara (1.5, 8.9) - (0.6, 2.7) (0.3, 5.4) - - (0.2, 3.1) - (0.1, 0.4) 1.5 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Oromia (0.5, 4.8) - (0.1, 1.0) - - - - - (0.0, 0.2) www.FPwatch.info Page 70

0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 SNNPR (0.1, 3.5) - (0.0, 0.7) - - - - - (0.0, 0.1) Female sterilization service 2.9 - 2.6 3.2 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.5 Addis Ababa (0.4, 18.2) - (0.4, 16.7) (1.2, 8.3) - - (0.6, 3.6) - (0.2, 1.3) 3.8 0.0 1.2 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.2 Amhara (1.5, 8.9) - (0.6, 2.7) (0.3, 5.4) - - (0.2, 3.1) - (0.1, 0.4) 3.3 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 Oromia (1.2, 9.2) - (0.2, 2.1) - - - - - (0.0, 0.3) 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 SNNPR (0.1, 3.5) - (0.0, 0.7) - - - - - (0.0, 0.1) * Private Medical category includes private health facilities, pharmacies, drug shops/RDV; this category excludes general retailers. Source: FPwatch Outlet Survey, Ethiopia, 2016

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Table B11: Service readiness to provide provider-dependent contraceptive services, among outlets reportedly offering the procedure, by outlet type – Ethiopia, 2016 Public Health HEW / Health ALL Public / Private Health Drug Shop / ALL Private Pharmacy General Retailer ALL Outlets Facility Post Not-For-Profit* Facility RDV Medical* Proportion of outlets offering % % % % % % % % % service, with†,‡: [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) Contraceptive injection service Availability of 92.6 - 85.9 71.4 - 100.0 71.5 - 74.8 commodity [61.6, 99.0] (31) - [64.6, 95.3] (33) [62.0, 79.2] (134) - (1) [62.1, 79.4] (135) - [66.4, 81.7](168) Availability of 100.0 - 100.0 100.0 - 0.0 99.4 - 99.6 credentials [100.0, 100.0] (31) - [100.0, 100.0] (33) [100.0, 100.0](134) - (1) [96.0, 99.9] (135) - [96.9, 99.9](168) Addis Ababa Availability of 89.6 - 83.2 56.8 - 100.0 57.1 - 62.9 equipment [63.4, 97.7] (31) - [62.8, 93.5] (33) [47.8, 65.4] (134) - (1) [48.1, 65.7] (135) - [55.4, 69.9](168) 89.6 - 83.2 56.8 - 0.0 56.5 - 62.5 Service readiness [63.4, 97.7] (31) - [62.8, 93.5] (33) [47.8, 65.4] (134) - (1) [47.6, 65.0] (135) - [55.0, 69.4](168) Availability of 89.4 88.9 89.1 92.4 - 100.0 93.1 - 90.1 commodity [79.7, 94.7] (90) [83.3, 92.8] (234) [83.9, 92.8] (329) [87.9, 95.4] (122) - [100.0, 100.0] (10) [88.8, 95.8] (132) - [86.2, 93.0](461) Availability of 100.0 99.5 99.6 100.0 - 30.8 94.4 - 98.3 Amhara credentials [0.0, 0.0] (90) [96.6, 99.9] (234) [97.5, 99.9] (329) [100.0, 100.0](122) - [11.3, 60.7] (10) [88.3, 97.4] (132) - [96.2, 99.3](461) Availability of 70.9 66.2 67.1 87.0 - 91.4 87.4 - 72.2 equipment [58.4, 80.9] (90) [57.7, 73.7] (234) [59.9, 73.7] (329) [80.4, 91.7] (122) - [52.7, 99.0] (10) [81.3, 91.7] (132) - [66.1, 77.7](461) 70.9 65.7 66.8 87.0 - 22.1 81.8 - 70.6 Service readiness [58.4, 80.9] (90) [57.1, 73.3] (234) [59.5, 73.4] (329) [80.4, 91.7] (122) - [6.7, 53.1] (10) [75.5, 86.7] (132) - [64.7, 75.8](461) Availability of 88.1 87.6 87.7 79.5 - 93.4 80.0 - 85.0 commodity [70.9, 95.7] (76) [78.6, 93.1] (236) [78.6, 93.3] (313) [69.5, 86.9] (185) - [59.3, 99.3] (6) [70.1, 87.3] (191) - [78.7, 89.7](504) Availability of 100.0 99.4 99.5 100.0 - 65.4 98.8 - 99.3 credentials [100.0, 100.0] (76) [95.8, 99.9] (236) [96.6, 99.9] (313) [100.0, 100.0](185) - [16.4, 94.8] (6) [92.6, 99.8] (191) - [97.2, 99.8](504) Oromia Availability of 73.0 76.9 76.1 76.4 - 93.4 77.0 - 76.4 equipment [56.7, 84.8] (76) [65.6, 85.3] (236) [65.7, 84.2] (313) [66.8, 83.9] (185) - [59.3, 99.3] (6) [67.4, 84.5] (191) - [69.3, 82.3](504) 73.0 76.9 76.1 76.4 - 58.8 75.8 - 76.0 Service readiness [56.7, 84.8] (76) [65.6, 85.3] (236) [65.7, 84.2] (313) [66.8, 83.9] (185) - [15.5, 91.8] (6) [66.2, 83.4] (191) - [68.9, 81.9](504) Availability of 96.3 92.2 93.0 80.2 100.0 100.0 82.7 - 91.1 commodity [88.8, 98.8] (74) [85.9, 95.9] (287) [87.4, 96.2] (361) [67.0, 89.0] (79) [100.0, 100.0] (3) [100.0, 100.0] (8) [70.9, 90.3] (90) - [86.4, 94.2](451) Availability of 97.2 99.8 99.3 99.4 75.1 44.2 94.2 - 98.3 credentials [89.1, 99.3] (74) [98.5,100.0](287) [97.4, 99.8] (361) [95.8, 99.9] (79) [20.9, 97.2] (3) [15.4, 77.5] (8) [86.8, 97.6] (90) - [96.5, 99.2](451) SNNPR Availability of 73.8 76.1 75.7 80.2 75.1 77.2 79.7 - 76.4 equipment [56.9, 85.7] (74) [67.1, 83.3] (287) [66.5, 83.0] (361) [67.0, 89.0] (79) [20.9, 97.2] (3) [39.4, 94.6] (8) [67.4, 88.2] (90) - [69.8, 82.0] (451) 71.0 75.9 75.0 79.6 75.1 21.4 75.3 - 75.0 Service readiness [54.6, 83.4] (74) [67.0, 83.0] (287) [65.9, 82.3] (361) [66.5, 88.4] (79) [20.9, 97.2] (3) [5.0, 58.6] (8) [62.6, 84.7] (90) - [68.5, 80.6] (451) Implant insertion service Availability of 96.5 - 96.5 74.0 - - 74.0 - 82.7 Addis Ababa commodity [79.2, 99.5] (31) - [79.2, 99.5] (31) [60.3, 84.3] (59) - - [60.3, 84.3] (59) - [73.8, 89.1] (90)

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Table B11: Service readiness to provide provider-dependent contraceptive services, among outlets reportedly offering the procedure, by outlet type – Ethiopia, 2016 Public Health HEW / Health ALL Public / Private Health Drug Shop / ALL Private Pharmacy General Retailer ALL Outlets Facility Post Not-For-Profit* Facility RDV Medical* Proportion of outlets offering % % % % % % % % % service, with†,‡: [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) Availability of 100.0 - 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 - 100.0 credentials [100.0, 100.0] (31) - [100.0, 100.0] (31) [100.0, 100.0] (59) - - [100.0, 100.0] (59) - [100.0, 100.0] (90) Availability of 93.6 - 93.6 79.5 - - 79.5 - 85.1 Addis Ababa equipment [77.7, 98.4] (31) - [77.7, 98.4] (31) [62.7, 89.9] (56) - - [62.7, 89.9] (56) - [74.0, 92.0] (87) 90.1 - 90.1 67.4 - - 67.4 - 76.4 Service readiness [74.2, 96.7] (31) - [74.2, 96.7] (31) [51.9, 79.9] (56) - - [51.9, 79.9] (56) - [66.1, 84.3] (87) Availability of 98.6 93.5 95.0 78.1 - 0.0 76.5 - 93.3 commodity [94.5, 99.7] (87) [88.9, 96.3] (197) [91.8, 97.0] (288) [60.7, 89.2] (38) - (1) [60.0, 87.6] (39) - [90.1, 95.5] (327) Availability of 95.9 99.4 98.4 100.0 - 100.0 100.0 - 98.6 Amhara credentials [88.1, 98.7] (87) [95.9, 99.9] (197) [96.1, 99.4] (288) [100.0, 100.0] (38) - (1) [100.0, 100.0] (39) - [96.4, 99.4] (327) Availability of 75.7 77.9 77.4 89.5 - - 89.5 - 78.5 equipment [59.7, 86.8] (86) [69.5, 84.5] (187) [69.3, 83.9] (277) [70.3, 96.8] (36) - - [70.3, 96.8] (36) - [71.0, 84.4] (313) 71.4 74.2 73.6 75.5 - - 75.5 - 73.8 Service readiness [55.6, 83.3] (86) [65.5, 81.4] (187) [65.9, 80.1] (277) [57.0, 87.7] (36) - - [57.0, 87.7] (36) - [66.0, 80.3] (313) Availability of 97.0 89.3 91.3 86.9 - - 86.9 - 90.8 commodity [86.7, 99.4] (74) [80.8, 94.3] (174) [85.2, 95.0] (248) [73.2, 94.1] (42) - - [73.2, 94.1] (42) - [85.4, 94.3] (290) Availability of 88.9 99.2 96.5 100.0 - - 100.0 - 96.9 credentials [73.3, 95.9] (74) [94.3, 99.9] (174) [92.1, 98.5] (248) [100.0, 100.0] (42) - - [100.0, 100.0] (42) - [93.1, 98.6] (290) Oromia Availability of 82.0 61.9 67.0 85.8 - - 85.8 - 69.2 equipment [66.9, 91.1] (73) [50.2, 72.3] (171) [56.2, 76.3] (244) [67.1, 94.7] (40) - - [67.1, 94.7] (40) - [59.2, 77.7] (284) 67.5 57.4 60.0 79.1 - - 79.1 - 62.2 Service readiness [52.7, 79.5] (73) [44.7, 69.2] (171) [49.1, 70.0] (244) [62.2, 89.7] (40) - - [62.2, 89.7] (40) - [52.3, 71.2] (284) Availability of 94.9 82.4 85.1 76.1 - - 76.1 - 84.8 commodity [86.0, 98.3] (72) [75.2, 87.8] (241) [79.4, 89.4] (313) [46.3, 92.1] (12) - - [46.3, 92.1] (12) - [79.4, 89.0] (325) Availability of 96.2 99.7 99.0 94.8 - - 94.8 - 98.8 credentials [88.3, 98.8] (72) [98.1, 100.0](241) [96.8, 99.7] (313) [74.5, 99.1] (12) - - [74.5, 99.1] (12) - [96.9, 99.6] (325) SNNPR Availability of 82.4 62.0 66.5 94.2 - - 94.2 - 67.2 equipment [70.7, 90.1] (71) [52.6, 70.6] (235) [58.6, 73.5] (306) [64.8, 99.3] (12) - - [64.8, 99.3] (12) - [59.6, 74.1] (318) 79.5 58.2 62.8 65.0 - - 65.0 - 62.9 Service readiness [67.7, 87.7] (71) [49.3, 66.5] (235) [55.4, 69.6] (306) [35.1, 86.5] (12) - - [35.1, 86.5] (12) - [55.7, 69.5] (318) IUD insertion service Availability of 97.6 - 97.6 77.5 - - 77.5 - 85.8 commodity [83.7, 99.7] (30) - [84.1, 99.7] (31) [59.8, 88.9] (50) - - [59.8, 88.9] (50) - [74.4, 92.6] (81) Availability of 96.3 - 96.4 100.0 - - 100.0 - 98.5 Addis Ababa credentials [76.6, 99.5] (30) - [77.2, 99.5] (31) [100.0, 100.0] (50) - - [100.0, 100.0] (50) - [89.5, 99.8] (81) Availability of 95.5 - 95.7 90.7 - - 90.7 - 92.8 equipment [81.4, 99.1] (30) - [81.9, 99.1] (31) [73.8, 97.2] (49) - - [73.8, 97.2] (49) - [82.0, 97.3] (80)

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Table B11: Service readiness to provide provider-dependent contraceptive services, among outlets reportedly offering the procedure, by outlet type – Ethiopia, 2016 Public Health HEW / Health ALL Public / Private Health Drug Shop / ALL Private Pharmacy General Retailer ALL Outlets Facility Post Not-For-Profit* Facility RDV Medical* Proportion of outlets offering % % % % % % % % % service, with†,‡: [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) [95%] (n) 89.4 - 89.7 68.1 - - 68.1 - 76.9 Service readiness [72.6, 96.4] (30) - [73.3, 96.5] (31) [52.2, 80.6] (49) - - [52.2, 80.6] (49) - [65.9, 85.2] (80) Availability of 94.4 - 94.7 76.1 - - 76.1 - 90.1 commodity [87.7, 97.5] (71) - [88.3, 97.7] (77) [59.6, 87.4] (33) - - [59.6, 87.4] (33) - [84.3, 93.9] (110) Availability of 94.5 - 91.6 100.0 - - 100.0 - 93.7 Amhara credentials [83.5, 98.3] (71) - [79.6, 96.8] (77) [100.0, 100.0] (33) - - [100.0, 100.0] (33) - [83.9, 97.7] (110) Availability of 84.0 - 85.0 90.4 - - 90.4 - 86.3 equipment [66.2, 93.4] (67) - [67.7, 93.9] (73) [77.1, 96.3] (30) - - [77.1, 96.3] (30) - [74.6, 93.1] (103) 75.7 - 73.8 75.5 - - 75.5 - 74.2 Service readiness [57.7, 87.7] (67) - [57.2, 85.5] (73) [59.1, 86.8] (30) - - [59.1, 86.8] (30) - [63.0, 82.9] (103) Availability of 96.1 - 96.1 74.5 - - 74.5 - 88.8 commodity [87.4, 98.9] (56) - [87.4, 98.9] (56) [56.6, 86.8] (31) - - [56.6, 86.8] (31) - [78.9, 94.3] (87) Availability of 86.9 - 86.9 98.6 - - 98.6 - 90.9 credentials [68.0, 95.4] (56) - [68.0, 95.4] (56) [92.2, 99.7] (31) - - [92.2, 99.7] (31) - [77.9, 96.6] (87) Oromia Availability of 81.3 - 81.3 91.0 - - 91.0 - 84.6 equipment [61.8, 92.1] (56) - [61.8, 92.1] (56) [76.9, 96.9] (30) - - [76.9, 96.9] (30) - [73.0, 91.7] (86) 66.2 - 66.2 70.5 - - 70.5 - 67.6 Service readiness [47.0, 81.2] (56) - [47.0, 81.2] (56) [52.4, 83.8] (30) - - [52.4, 83.8] (30) - [52.6, 79.7] (86) Availability of 92.8 - 93.5 64.2 - - 64.2 - 90.4 commodity [80.5, 97.6] (49) - [82.2, 97.8] (57) [29.9, 88.3] (9) - - [29.9, 88.3] (9) - [78.5, 96.1] (66) Availability of 98.4 - 93.0 92.5 - - 92.5 - 92.9 credentials [89.7, 99.8] (49) - [83.9, 97.1] (57) [70.3, 98.5] (9) - - [70.3, 98.5] (9) - [85.3, 96.8] (66) SNNPR Availability of 78.0 - 75.6 91.6 - - 91.6 - 77.3 equipment [60.8, 89.0] (49) - [60.1, 86.4] (57) [55.0, 99.0] (9) - - [55.0, 99.0] (9) - [62.8, 87.3] (66) 70.9 - 68.0 55.8 - - 55.8 - 66.7 Service readiness [54.6, 83.1] (49) - [53.3, 79.8] (57) [25.3, 82.5] (9) - - [25.3, 82.5] (9) - [53.1, 78.0] (66) Male sterilization service Availability of - - - 100.0 - - 100.0 - 100.0 credentials - - - [100.0, 100.0] (4) - - [100.0, 100.0] (4) - [100.0, 100.0] (4) Availability of - - - 47.3 - - 47.3 - 47.3 Addis Ababa equipment - - - [10.8, 87.0] (4) - - [10.8, 87.0] (4) - [10.8, 87.0] (4) - - - 47.3 - - 47.3 - 47.3 Service readiness - - - [10.8, 87.0] (4) - - [10.8, 87.0] (4) - [10.8, 87.0] (4) Availability of 38.5 - 43.9 0.0 - - 0.0 - 32.9 credentials [8.2, 81.5] (5) - [14.0, 79.1] (7) [0.0, 0.0] (2) - - [0.0, 0.0] (2) - [10.3, 67.8] (9) Amhara Availability of 81.2 - 85.3 56.6 - - 56.6 - 78.1 equipment [31.0, 97.6] (5) - [39.2, 98.1] (7) [7.2, 95.6] (2) - - [7.2, 95.6] (2) - [41.0, 94.8] (9)

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38.5 - 43.9 0.0 - - 0.0 - 32.9 Service readiness [8.2, 81.5] (5) - [14.0, 79.1] (7) [0.0, 0.0] (2) - - [0.0, 0.0] (2) - [10.3, 67.8] (9) Availability of 100.0 - 100.0 - - - - - 100.0 credentials [100.0, 100.0] (3) - [100.0, 100.0] (3) - - - - - [100.0, 100.0] (3) Availability of 58.4 - 58.4 - - - - - 58.4 Oromia equipment [10.4, 94.4] (3) - [10.4, 94.4] (3) - - - - - [10.4, 94.4] (3) 58.4 - 58.4 - - - - - 58.4 Service readiness [10.4, 94.4] (3) - [10.4, 94.4] (3) - - - - - [10.4, 94.4] (3) Availability of 100.0 - 100.0 - - - - - 100.0 credentials (1) - (1) - - - - - (1) Availability of 0.0 - 0.0 - - - - - 0.0 SNNPR equipment (1) - (1) - - - - - (1) 0.0 - 0.0 - - - - - 0.0 Service readiness (1) - (1) - - - - - (1) Female sterilization service Availability of 100.0 - 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 - 100.0 credentials (1) - (1) [100.0, 100.0] (5) - - [100.0, 100.0] (5) - [100.0, 100.0] (6) Availability of - - - 79.3 - - 79.3 - 79.3 Addis Ababa equipment - - - [26.5, 97.6] (5) - - [26.5, 97.6] (5) - [26.5, 97.6] (5) - - - 79.3 - - 79.3 - 79.3 Service readiness - - - [26.5, 97.6] (5) - - [26.5, 97.6] (5) - [26.5, 97.6] (5) Availability of 38.5 - 43.9 0.0 - - 0.0 - 32.9 credentials [8.2, 81.5] (5) - [14.0, 79.1] (7) [0.0, 0.0] (2) - - [0.0, 0.0] (2) - [10.3, 67.8] (9) Amhara Availability of 81.2 - 85.3 0.0 - - 0.0 - 63.9 equipment [31.0, 97.6] (5) - [39.2, 98.1] (7) [0.0, 0.0] (2) - - [0.0, 0.0] (2) - [28.8, 88.6] (9) 38.5 - 43.9 0.0 - - 0.0 - 32.9 Service readiness [8.2, 81.5] (5) - [14.0, 79.1] (7) [0.0, 0.0] (2) - - [0.0, 0.0] (2) - [10.3, 67.8] (9) Availability of 100.0 - 100.0 - - - - - 100.0 credentials [100.0, 100.0] (5) - [100.0, 100.0] (5) - - - - - [0.0, 0.0] (5) Availability of 73.6 - 73.6 - - - - - 73.6 Oromia equipment [25.5, 95.8] (5) - [25.5, 95.8] (5) - - - - - [25.5, 95.8] (5) 73.6 - 73.6 - - - - - 73.6 Service readiness [25.5, 95.8] (5) - [25.5, 95.8] (5) - - - - - [25.5, 95.8] (5) Availability of 100.0 - 100.0 - - - - - 100.0 SNNPR credentials (1) - (1) - - - - - (1) Availability of 0.0 - 0.0 - - - - - 0.0

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Annex 1: FPwatch Background

FPwatch is a multi-country research project implemented by PSI (www.psi.org). Standardized tools and approaches are employed to provide comparable data across countries and over time. Project countries include: Ethiopia, the DRC, India, Nigeria and Myanmar. The project was launched in 2014 with funding from the BMGF for four project countries, and is currently funded through 2016 by the BMGF. Funding for Myanmar was secured through the 3MDG Fund in 2015.

FPwatch is designed to provide timely, relevant and high-quality modern contraceptives and associated services market evidence. The goal of providing this market evidence is to inform and monitor national and global policy, strategy and funding decisions for understanding FP markets. FPwatch is monitoring family planning markets in the context of increased investments in family planning as part of the FP2020 Initiative, a partnership aiming to expand access to family planning information, services and supplies to an additional 120 million women and girls in 69 of the world’s poorest countries by 2020.2

The project implements a set of research tools designed to:

1) Provide a picture of the total market for distribution of modern family planning methods including: all providers carrying condoms, oral contraceptives, emergency contraceptives, injectables, contraceptive implants or IUDs or providing provider-dependent contraceptive services including: injections, implant insertions, IUD insertions or male or female sterilizations; the relative modern contraceptive market share for each provider type; stock outs; and price markups.

2) Monitor the readiness of market components for distribution of modern family planning methods, including: availability of modern contraceptives and services; and provider qualifications, training and essential equipment for providing services.

3) Monitor the performance of market components for distribution of modern family planning methods, including: the relative market share for each method and for short-acting relative to long-acting methods; consumer price; quality-assurance indicators for contraceptives.

FPwatch research tools for FP market monitoring include:

1. Outlet surveys

Outlet surveys entail collecting quantitative data from all outlets and providers with the potential to sell or distribute modern contraceptives and/or provide provider-dependent contraceptive services. These include health facilities, community health workers, pharmacies, drug stores, retail outlets, market stalls and mobile providers. Information on male and female condoms is collected from all enumerated outlets including brand, price of most popular condom and volume of all condoms sold. A screening process identifies outlets that provide modern contraceptives above the level of oral contraceptives and/or provide provider-dependent family planning services. Among these eligible outlets, service providers are interviewed and all modern contraceptives are audited. The audit collects information about each modern contraceptive in stock (e.g. brand name, drug active ingredients and strengths, manufacturer, etc.) and retailer reports on consumer price and sale/distribution volumes for each product. A provider interview is conducted among those outlets where services including contraceptive injections, implant and IUD insertions and male and female sterilizations are available. The provider interview on services collects information on price and volume of services, provider qualifications available at the outlet and the availability of a minimum set of equipment needed to provide the service. A representative sample of outlets is identified within target study domains such that findings from the outlet survey provide estimates of contraceptive availability, price and relative market share across the entire market as well as within key market segments.3

2 FP2020. 2016. FP2020 Website. Accessed via: http://www.familyplanning2020.org/ on January 1, 2016. 3 O’Connell KA, Poyer S, Solomon T, et al. 2013. Methods for implementing a medicine outlet survey: lessons from the anti-malarial market. Malaria Journal, 12: 52. www.FPwatch.info Page 77

2. Key informant interviews

The outlet survey was complemented by in-depth interviews conducted with key informants at the national and state levels. The interviews provided context for national family planning trends, policies and strategy for interpreting the data.

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Annex 2: Ethiopia Background

The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia is the second-most populous African nation with 99.5 million residents. Over four-fifths (80.5%) of the population resides in rural areas and the average population density is 90.1 persons per square kilometer. Ethiopia has a rapidly growing population, with a growth rate of 2.9% in 2015 and a rapidly growing urban population, with an urbanization rate of 4.9% from 2010-15.4 The country is extremely diverse with a complex variety of ethnicities, religious affiliations and linguistic groups. Administratively, Ethiopia has recently decentralized and is reorganized into nine ethnically-based states and two self-governing administrations. Divisions below the state level are as follows: zones, district or woreda, kebele, census supervisory area (CSA) and standard enumeration area (SEA).57

Ethiopia is one of the poorest countries in the world, but has recently experienced rapid economic growth. The country benefits from a steady government and economy, relying mainly on agriculture. Despite a stable economy, poverty remains a problem due to high social disparities between regions and urban/rural populations, birth rates (37.3 births/1,000 population), high infectious disease, malnutrition and HIV/AIDS burden and environmental challenges.6 Despite these challenges, the country’s health indicators are rapidly improving.7

Selected regions for FPwatch include Addis Ababa self-governing administration (6.2%), Amhara region (23.4%), Oromia region (36.8%) and SNNP region (20.4%). Taken together, these areas account for 86.8% of the total population of Ethiopia.8

Healthcare system

The health care in Ethiopia is a decentralized, three-tiered system. The first tier is comprised of health posts (per 3,000-5,000 population), health centers (per 15,000-25,000 population) and district hospitals (per 60,000-100,000 population. This tier is the main source of primary health care and preventive health services for the community. These facilities form the primary health care unit (PHCU) with each hospital having 3-5 satellite health centers and each health center having 5 satellite health posts with referral and supervisory support provided through higher levels. More advanced health services, including curative care and a wider range of diagnostics, are provided in the second tier at provincial and general hospitals (per 1-1.5 million population). The third tier is comprised of central hospitals and national university teaching hospitals providing specialized care. The organization of the health care system is aligned with administrative zones; first, second and third tier health care facilities are organized at the district, zonal and regional/national levels, respectively.9

The Health Extension Program (HEP) was scaled up in 2003-2004 with the explicit aim of achieving universal primary health care coverage by 2008. Under the HEP, over 30,000 government-paid, health extension workers (HEWs) have been trained to deliver 16 essential health intervention packages and to organize “model households” to receive training and demonstrate positive health behaviors in predominantly rural communities. Each kebele is staffed by 2 women chosen by local communities working from a stationary health post which receives supplies and supervision through the PHCU scheme. At the end of the third Health Sector Development Plan (HSDP-III), there were 14,416 public health posts, 2,689 public health centers and 195 public hospitals in the country.10

4 CIA. 2016. CIA Factbook—Ethiopia, 2016. Accessed via: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/et.html on January 15, 2016. 5 Ethiopia CSA. 2012. 2007 Population and Housing Census—Ethiopia. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Central Statistical Authority. Addis Ababa: Ethiopia. 6 CIA. 2016. CIA Factbook—Ethiopia, 2016. Accessed via: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/et.html on January 15, 2016. 7 WHO. (2016). WHO African Region: Ethiopia. Accessed via:: http://www.who.int/countries/eth/en/ on January 15, 2016. 8 Ethiopia CSA. 2012. 2007 Population and Housing Census—Ethiopia. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Central Statistical Authority. Addis Ababa: Ethiopia. 9 Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Health Sector Development Program IV: 2010/11-2014/15. Ministry of Health. Addis Ababa: Ethiopia. 10 Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Health Sector Development Program IV: 2010/11-2014/15. Ministry of Health. Addis Ababa: Ethiopia. www.FPwatch.info Page 79

The Ethiopian health care system is augmented by the rapid expansion of the private for profit and non- governmental organization (NGO) sector, playing significant role in boosting the health service coverage and utilization in the delivery of health care services in the country. The increase in the share of health care by the private sector has paralleled an explicit strategy in the HSDP-IV designed to increase private sector participation in health care. According to the latest figures on private health facilities, there were 1,788 private and 271 NGO clinics and 3,018 pharmacies, drug shops and rural drug vendors. However, these figures are acknowledged as out-of-date and likely underestimating the true number of private facilities.11

The Pharmaceutical Fund and Supply Agency (PFSA) has recently been tasked with introducing efficiency in the supply chain of pharmaceuticals and medical supplies management system. The Food, Medicine and Health Care Administration and Control Authority (FMHACA) has also recently been mandated to undertake inspection and quality control of health and health related products, inspection and licensing and oversee other health-related regulatory standards.12

Family Planning in Ethiopia

The total fertility rate (TFR) for Ethiopia is among the highest in the world with 5.15 children born per woman in 2015, and the TFR is significantly higher in rural regions. The high TFR is often cited as one reason for high maternal and infant mortality rates seen in the country.13 However, the TFR has been steadily falling from over 7 children born per woman in 2000. Important gains have been made in access to modern family planning methods in Ethiopia since 2000. The contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) has doubled since 2005, with a modern CPR of 33% in 2014.14 Despite this progress, the CPR remains far below the government’s goal of 65% by 2015. Unmet need for contraceptives remains high among married women at 25.3%15 and higher still among rural, low-income and young women.16

There is high awareness of short-acting family planning methods but lower awareness among all women of implants (67.8%), IUDs (26.3%) and male (11.2%) and female sterilization (38.7%). Among currently married women age 15- 49, the primary family planning method used are injectables (20.8%), followed by implants (3.4%), oral contraceptives (2.1%), female sterilization (0.5%), IUDs (0.3%) and male condoms (0.2%). Overall, there is low use of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) and permanent methods (LAPMs), with the majority of all users using injectables.17 There are significant regional and rural/urban differences in rates of modern contraceptive use with a high of 56.3% of married women of reproductive age (WRA) using modern contraceptives in Addis Ababa, followed by Amhara region (33.0%), Oromia region (24.9%) and SNNP region (24.7%).18

According to the most recent Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) in 2011, the public sector was identified as the source of 82% of all family planning commodities/services, accounting for over two-thirds (67%) of oral contraceptives, 85% of injectables and over 90% of LARCs.19 Nevertheless, the private sector is rapidly growing and taking on an increased share of delivery of family planning commodities and services.

FP2020 and Family Planning Policy in Ethiopia

11 Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Health Sector Development Program IV: 2010/11-2014/15. Ministry of Health. Addis Ababa: Ethiopia. 12 Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Health Sector Development Program IV: 2010/11-2014/15. Ministry of Health. Addis Ababa: Ethiopia. 13 WHO. (2016). WHO African Region: Ethiopia. Accessed via:: http://www.who.int/countries/eth/en/ on 15 January 2016. 14 Central Statistical Agency & ORC Macro, 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey, 2012. 15 Central Statistical Agency & ORC Macro, 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey, 2012. 16 Guttmacher Institute, Benefits of Meeting the Contraceptive Needs of Ethiopian Women: In Brief 2010 S(1). 17 Central Statistical Agency & ORC Macro, 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey, 2012. 18 Central Statistical Agency & ORC Macro, 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey, 2012. 19 Central Statistical Agency & ORC Macro, 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey, 2012. www.FPwatch.info Page 80

In recent development strategies, Ethiopia has place FP at the center of its agenda. In 2012, Ethiopia committed to increasing CPR to 69% by 2015, reduce TFR to 4 by 2015 and reach an additional 6.2 million women and adolescent girls with family planning services as part of the FP2020 Initiative. In order to meet this goal, Ethiopia has committed to reducing the current 50% funding gap needed to achieve their FP2020 commitments. This funding is directly targeted toward voluntary FP programs through a strong network of primary care providers, increases in commodities security, increasing uptake of LARCs, expanding youth-friendly services with a focus on adolescent girls, scaling up delivery of services in hard-to-reach populations and monitoring the availability of contraceptives.20

Ethiopia has made considerable strides toward this objective. It recently revised the national Reproductive Health (RH) Strategy and costed-implementation plan and solidified guidelines for the PFSA to reduce commodity stockouts. In the RH Strategy document, the Ethiopian government has set a goal for providing three or more methods available to all households by 2015.21 In an effort to increase method mix and in particular, access to LARCs, Ethiopia has invested in the Implanon® Scale-Up Initiative whereby 22,000 HEWs have been trained throughout the country to deliver Implanon and perform insertions to predominantly rural and hard-to-reach areas. Since the Initiative’s inception, over 1.8 million Implanon insertions have been performed by HEWs. Building on the successes of this Initiative, the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) is now implementing the IUD Scale-Up Initiative to increase IUD insertions at health centers.22 By 2015, the FMoH has set a goal to have three or more modern contraceptive methods available to all Ethiopian households. In 2012, the country has also been scaling up the Health Development Army (HDA) consisting of women from model families who are trained to encourage local, community demand for health services including family planning.23

Increased activity is also seen in the private and not-for-profit sectors. The Marie Stopes International (MSI) “Blue Star” franchise effort provides specialized training for pharmacists in the use of LARCs and sexual and RH services. The pharmacists then agree to provide high quality longer-term FP methods like implants and IUDs at affordable prices, and receive the right to use the Blue Star logo on their clinic or pharmacy. Similar efforts such as through Pathfinder’s Biruh Tesfa Initiative focus on social franchising for FP while the International Planned Parenthood Federation’s (IPPF) local affiliate, the Family Guidance Association of Ethiopia (FGAE) focuses on increasing information and availability of FP services for vulnerable populations.24

Provision guidelines for family planning services in Ethiopia

According to the 2011 FP guidelines, HEWs at the health post can provide condoms, oral and emergency contraceptive pills, injectables and Implanon implants; all of these in addition to all implants, IUDs and male sterilizations can be conducted at health centers by qualified staff; and all of these in addition to female sterilizations can be performed at hospitals by qualified staff. In the private sector, condoms, oral and emergency contraceptives and injectables can be stocked at licensed RDVs, drug shops and pharmacies but injection services are not allowed. All of these plus injection services as well as implants and IUDs plus services can be provided at lower and medium clinics. Higher clinics can also be licensed to provide male and female sterilizations. According to guidelines, public providers are trained and required to provide FP information and counseling services to clients.25

20 FP2020. 2016. FP2020 Website. Accessed via: http://www.familyplanning2020.org/ on 1 January 2016. 21 Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ministry of Health. 2006. National Reproductive Health Strategy, 2006-15. Accessed via: http://www.corhaethiopia.org/docs/Others/National%20Reproductive%20Health%20Strategy%202006%20-%202015.pdf on 1 January 2016. 22 FP2020. 2016. FP2020 Website. Accessed via: http://www.familyplanning2020.org/ on 1 January 2016. 23 Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ministry of Health. 2006. National Reproductive Health Strategy, 2006-15. Accessed via: http://www.corhaethiopia.org/docs/Others/National%20Reproductive%20Health%20Strategy%202006%20-%202015.pdf on 1 January 2016. 24 Marie Stopes International. 2012. Improving Access to Family Planning in Ethiopia by task sharing services to mid-level providers. Accessed via: https://mariestopes.org/sites/default/files/improving-access-to-tubal-ligation-in-ethiopia-by-task-sharing-services-to-mid-level-providers-10931.pdf on 1 January 2016. 25 FMoH. 2011. National Guideline for Family Planning Services in Ethiopia. Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health. Addis Ababa: Ethiopia.

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Annex 3: Outlet Survey Methods

Design and Study Population

FPwatch implements cross-sectional outlet surveys in project countries. The study population is defined as all outlets with the potential to sell or distribute modern contraceptives and/or provide associated contraceptive services. In Ethiopia, this includes the following outlet types:

Public health facilities Government public health facilities including health centers, and national, regional and district hospitals.

Community health worker A network of government and non-governmental community health workers called Health Extension Workers (HEWs) consisting of local females selected by the community, who are literate and have achieved the 10th standard and have received HEW training. The HEWs are paid, receive supplies and supportive supervision through health centers/woreda health offices and are based in a stationary health post. In addition to family planning information and basic services, HEWs provide a package of 16 essential health interventions to rural kebeles. Each kebele has a stationary health post to be staffed by 2 HEWs.

Private not-for-profit health Non-governmental (NGO) or mission/faith-based health facilities including hospitals, facilities health centers and clinics.

Private for-profit health Private hospitals and lower, medium and higher clinics. These facilities are licensed facilities and regulated by the FMHACA. These outlets are authorized to distribute all family planning commodities and provide all services except sterilizations. Some private hospitals and higher clinics are authorized to provide sterilizations through special license.

Pharmacies Pharmacies are licensed and regulated by the FMHACA. Pharmacies are owned by registered pharmacists or individuals who employ the services of a registered pharmacist. Pharmacies are authorized to sell all condoms, oral and emergency contraceptives and injectables. Some pharmacies may distribute implants and IUDs. Pharmacies are not authorized to provide injection, implant or IUD insertion services without credentialed staff.

Drug shops/rural drug Typically located in rural areas, drug shops and rural drug vendors are medicine vendors (RDVs) sellers that are licensed by the FMHACA and are legally permitted to sell over-the- counter medicines including condoms, oral and emergency contraceptives and injectables. Some drug shops and RDVs may distribute implants and IUDs. Drug shops and RDVs are not authorized to provide injection, implant or IUD insertion services. These outlets are not authorized to provide injection services or distribute IUDs without credentialed staff. Drug shops and vendors are staffed by qualified health dispensers/practitioners.

General retailers Grocery stores and kiosks primarily sell fast-moving consumer goods, food and provisions. Kiosks are points of sale located in small wooden booths that serve food, beverages and household goods. Although some retailers may have over-the-counter medicines including oral and emergency contraceptive pills available, only condoms are allowed per national regulations.

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Stratification

Ethiopia consists of 11 administrative regions: nine regional states and two city administrations. More than 85% of the total population lives in the regional states of Amhara, Oromia and SNNP and city of Addis Ababa. For maximum efficiency and relevance, FP market monitoring will focus on these four most populous areas. Overall estimates are generalizable to markets within these four areas, and a stratified sampling approach allowed for regional-specific estimates (i.e., separate estimates for Addis Ababa, Amhara, Oromia and SNNPR). A sampling frame with population estimates was obtained from the 2007 census of population and housing conducted by the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) of Ethiopia.26

Eligibility Criteria

All outlets with the potential to provide modern contraceptive methods were included in the census screening. Outlets were eligible for a provider interview and product audit if they met at least one of three study criteria: 1) one or more modern contraceptives at the level of oral contraceptives and above (including: oral contraceptives, emergency contraceptives, injectable contraceptives, contraceptive implants, IUDs) reportedly available on the day of the survey; 2) one or more of these modern contraceptives reportedly available within the three months preceding the survey; or 3) the ability to provide provider-dependent contraceptive services including contraceptive injections, contraceptive implant insertions, IUD insertions and/or male and female sterilizations. Outlets that stock condoms predominantly for sexually transmitted infection reduction and do not have potential to provide other modern contraceptives (e.g., bars, brothels, mobile vendors) were excluded from the study. Outlets not serving the general public (e.g., military facilities) were also excluded from the study.

Sample Size

The survey sample size is powered based on an estimate of an 80% proportion of outlets with three or more modern methods of contraception available on the day of the survey, among both public and private outlets with at least one modern contraceptive method available, in each of the four selected areas. This indicator was chosen because it is highly relevant for FP2020 goals for women and girls to have informed choice and access to FP information and a range of modern contraceptive methods. An 80% estimate was chosen from PMA2020 Ethiopia survey findings.27 A series of calculations was completed to identify the minimum sample size requirements to provide estimates for this indicator for each of the three regional domains and Addis Ababa city.

Required number of Outlets

The sample size required to calculate a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of outlets with three or more modern methods of contraception in stock the day of the survey with a margin of error no more than 0.05, for each regional domain is given by:

푑푒푓푓 × [푍2 × 푃(1−푃)] n = 1−훼 푑2 Where: n = desired sample size deff = the design effect in multi-stage cluster sample design; 2.0 for regions, 1.5 for Addis Ababa Z1- = the standard normal deviate value for a  type II error; 1.96 P = the expected proportion of outlets with three or more modern methods of contraception available in stock on day of survey; 0.80 d = acceptable margin of error; 0.05

The sample size required will be increased by a factor of 10% to account for potential non-response.

26Ethiopia CSA. 2012. 2007 Population and Housing Census—Ethiopia. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Central Statistical Authority. Addis Ababa: Ethiopia. 27John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and Bill and Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health. 2014. PMA2014/Ethiopia. JHSPH and BMGF. Seattle: USA. www.FPwatch.info Page 83

Using these values, the sample size required is approximately 550 outlets per each region and 400 outlets for Addis Ababa for a total of 2050 outlets.

Required number of clusters (kebeles, woredas)

The primary sampling approach taken for outlet surveys entails sampling a set of administrative units (geographic clusters) with a corresponding population of approximately 10,000 to 15,000 inhabitants. In Ethiopia, the lowest administrative unit is the kebele (approximate population of 5,000) and the next unit is the woreda (consisting of approximately 25 kebeles). A representative sample of woredas were selected in each regional research domain (Amhara, Oromia and SSNPR) using multi-stage cluster sampling, 10 kebeles were selected from each woreda. In Addis Ababa, there are no administrative areas equivalent to woredas as in the regions. One-stage sampling from kebeles was performed for Addis Ababa. Kebeles and woredas were selected with probability of cluster selection probability-proportionate-to-size (PPS). A census of all outlets with the potential to sell or distribute family planning commodities was conducted in sampled clusters.

Information provided by the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health on the average numbers of outlets by type in kebeles was used to estimate the number of clusters required to achieve the desired outlet sample sizes for each regional domain. Based on this information, outlet density is expected to be 1.85 outlets per kebele in Amhara and Oromia, 1.70 in SNNPR and 15.00 in Addis Ababa. Considering sample size requirements to calculate a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of outlets with three or more modern methods of contraception in stock the day of the survey (expected to be 80%) with a margin of error no more than 0.05, the optimal minimum number of kebeles required to reach desired numbers of outlets in each region is 300 kebeles from Amhara region, 300 from Oromia region, 330 from SNNPR and 27 from Addis Ababa. Given that 10 kebeles will be selected from each woreda, 30 woredas will be selected from Amhara and Oromia and 33 from SNNPR. Addis Ababa is not divided by woredas. Twenty-seven kebeles will be selected in one-stage sampling in Addis Ababa.

Final Sampling

From a list of all kebeles, 23 kebeles from 10 sub-cities were selected from Addis Ababa, 271 kebeles from 30 woredas for Amhara, 268 kebeles from 30 woredas for Oromia and 295 kebeles from 33 woredas in SNNP. Kebeles and woredas were selected with probability proportionate to size. Some selected woredas had less than 10 kebeles to select. This accounts for the difference between the kebeles for sample size and final, selected kebeles. A census of all outlets with the potential to sell or distribute modern contraceptives or provide associated contraceptive services was conducted in sampled clusters.

Data Collection

Field teams received training including an orientation to the study and questionnaire, classroom training on completing outlet audits for modern family planning commodities and modules on assessments of service readiness for provision of implants, IUDs and sterilizations, as well as took part in a field exercise. A paper-based structured questionnaire was used with providers in all approached outlets. A series of screening questions was administered at all outlets to determine eligibility for the survey.

Outlets where family planning commodities or services are reportedly available were invited to participate in the survey. Following informed consent services, an audit of all available family planning commodities was conducted. Drug audit information was collected for: spermicidal gels, foams and creams, vaginal birth control rings, birth control patches, oral contraceptives, injectables, implants, IUDs and emergency contraceptives; and included: formulation, package size, brand name, active ingredients and strengths, manufacturer, country of manufacture, reported sale/distribution, retail price and wholesale price. Non-drug product audit information for diaphragms, condoms, Cycle Beads was collected including: brand name, manufacturer, country of manufacture, reported sale/distribution, retail price and wholesale price. Where provider-dependent methods were available, including IUDs, implants and sterilization, a series of questions was administered to assess basic readiness to perform the service. In addition to the product audit, a series of questions was administered to the senior-most provider regarding provider training and qualifications and presence of essential equipment for FP services. Geo-coordinates were captured at each sampled outlet.

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Up to three visits were made to all outlets to complete the screening process, audit and provider interview as needed (e.g., where outlets are closed or providers are not available).

Data Entry, Processing, and Analysis Data was collected using paper forms and Microsoft Access will be used for double data entry. All data cleaning and analysis was completed using Stata 13.0 (©StataCorp, College Station, TX). A list of family planning outlet indicators guided analysis.

Protection of Human Subjects

The outlet survey protocol was submitted for national ethical review by the Ethiopia Federal Ministry of Science and Technology. The protocol was also submitted to the PSI Research Ethics Board (REB). Provider interviews and product audits were completed only after administration of a standard informed consent form and provider consent to participate in the study. Providers had the option to end the interview at any point during the study. Standard measures were employed to maintain provider confidentiality and anonymity.

Timeframe

Data collection began in early July, 2015 following a 10-day fieldworker training and finished by the end of August, 2015.

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Annex 4: Sampled Woredas/Kebeles Table X1. Sampled woredas/kebeles Region District Constituency Kebele Urban/RuralPopulation ADDIS ABABA ADDIS KETEMA KEBELE 01/05 76076 URBAN ADDIS ABABA NEFAS SILK KEBELE 02 32224 URBAN ADDIS ABABA LIDETA KEBELE 02/03 32866 URBAN ADDIS ABABA AKAKI KALITY KEBELE 02/04 13973 URBAN ADDIS ABABA YEKA KEBELE 03/04 32346 URBAN ADDIS ABABA BOLE KEBELE 03/05 31757 URBAN ADDIS ABABA ARADA KEBELE 04/05 22010 URBAN ADDIS ABABA GULELE KEBELE 06 13264 URBAN ADDIS ABABA KOLFE KERANIYO KEBELE 06 41751 URBAN ADDIS ABABA ADDIS KETEMA KEBELE 06/07 29058 URBAN ADDIS ABABA KIRKOS KEBELE 08/09 20935 URBAN ADDIS ABABA KOLFE KERANIYO KEBELE 08/09 40714 URBAN ADDIS ABABA YEKA KEBELE 09/10 27025 URBAN ADDIS ABABA LIDETA KEBELE 09/10 29171 URBAN ADDIS ABABA NEFAS SILK KEBELE 09/14 33529 URBAN ADDIS ABABA GULELE KEBELE 09/15 31954 URBAN ADDIS ABABA AKAKI KALITY KEBELE 10/11 45831 URBAN ADDIS ABABA BOLE KEBELE 11 18441 URBAN ADDIS ABABA NEFAS SILK KEBELE 12/13 28023 URBAN ADDIS ABABA ARADA KEBELE 13/14 28157 URBAN ADDIS ABABA KOLFE KERANIYO KEBELE 13/14 37962 URBAN ADDIS ABABA ADDIS KETEMA KEBELE 13/15 23199 URBAN ADDIS ABABA BOLE KEBELE 14/15 81405 URBAN ADDIS ABABA YEKA KEBELE 16/17/18 55035 URBAN ADDIS ABABA KIRKOS KEBELE 17/18 21506 URBAN ADDIS ABABA GULELE KEBELE 19/20/21 29235 URBAN ADDIS ABABA YEKA KEBELE 20/21 65127 URBAN AMHARA AWI ANKASHA GUAGUSA 215637 AMHARA AWI ANKASHA GUAGUSA KEBELE 01 10968 URBAN AMHARA AWI ANKASHA GUAGUSA GIMIJA BET-TOWN 10968 URBAN AMHARA AWI ANKASHA GUAGUSA KUPOR 9243 RURAL AMHARA AWI ANKASHA GUAGUSA CHAJA KIBRTA 8883 RURAL AMHARA AWI ANKASHA GUAGUSA DEGERA AMBERA 8478 RURAL AMHARA AWI ANKASHA GUAGUSA 2TU CHAJA 8171 RURAL AMHARA AWI ANKASHA GUAGUSA BEKAFITA 7810 RURAL AMHARA AWI ANKASHA GUAGUSA 3TU SHUMATA 7769 RURAL AMHARA AWI ANKASHA GUAGUSA CHIBACHIBASA 7276 RURAL AMHARA AWI ANKASHA GUAGUSA DIKUNA DEREB 7154 RURAL AMHARA AWI GUANGUA 231323 AMHARA AWI GUANGUA DEGERA ABO 10458 URBAN AMHARA AWI GUANGUA GISAYITA 10365 URBAN AMHARA AWI GUANGUA AHITI 9944 RURAL AMHARA AWI GUANGUA TIRU BIRIHAN 9854 RURAL AMHARA AWI GUANGUA YIMALI 9447 RURAL AMHARA AWI GUANGUA KEBELE 03 9261 RURAL AMHARA AWI GUANGUA TENGEHA 9034 RURAL AMHARA AWI GUANGUA KEBELE 01 8779 RURAL AMHARA AWI GUANGUA AKAKO 7747 RURAL AMHARA AWI GUANGUA LUNSI DEGERE 7618 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM AWABEL 130081 AMHARA EAST GOJAM AWABEL LUMAME TOWN 9249 URBAN AMHARA EAST GOJAM AWABEL TABA YEGODENA 7603 RURAL

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AMHARA EAST GOJAM AWABEL MEQIDES AFAQIRA 3456 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM AWABEL SIKUT ENGATRA 6529 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM AWABEL YEDANGORA 3090 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM AWABEL ENDEGET KUTAY 3078 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM AWABEL KEBELE 01 2584 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM AWABEL WEJEL TOWN 2584 URBAN AMHARA EAST GOJAM AWABEL MIZANWASHA TULU 2553 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM AWABEL AMEYA HILIGE 2056 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM DEBRE ELIAS 89972 AMHARA EAST GOJAM DEBRE ELIAS GOFICHIMA 9100 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM DEBRE ELIAS GUAYI 8688 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM DEBRE ELIAS DEJIBA 5238 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM DEBRE ELIAS YEMIZENE 5192 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM DEBRE ELIAS TIJAGUTERI 4723 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM DEBRE ELIAS YEGIDADI 4528 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM DEBRE ELIAS ABESHIBI 4047 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM DEBRE ELIAS CHAGO 3582 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM DEBRE ELIAS GIBITSAWITI 3402 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM DEBRE ELIAS D/ELIYAS ZURIYA 2471 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM GONCHA SISO ENESE 157336 AMHARA EAST GOJAM GONCHA SISO ENESE BUZA YEMERAT 6266 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM GONCHA SISO ENESE SEKELAGONBORE 6205 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM GONCHA SISO ENESE ENESE QOLE 3522 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM GONCHA SISO ENESE YEQURA ARASEMA 5905 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM GONCHA SISO ENESE DEBIR HAIL 5723 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM GONCHA SISO ENESE BARJANO AKABABI 5590 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM GONCHA SISO ENESE GETE SEMANENE WAFA 5192 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM GONCHA SISO ENESE CHEMOYIGAGIRA 4953 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM GONCHA SISO ENESE LAYTACH MICHAEL 3029 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM GONCHA SISO ENESE YUBUCHIR YAWYA 4160 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM MACHAKEL 126825 AMHARA EAST GOJAM MACHAKEL SOSITU DEBRESHELEL 5442 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM MACHAKEL GIRAKIDAMINA 4974 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM MACHAKEL D\KELEMUNA ETANIBESA 4795 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM MACHAKEL AMESGINENA AKABABIW 4642 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM MACHAKEL AMANUEL ZURIYA YENECH 4624 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM MACHAKEL DOLMA ABEBE YENURE 4570 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM MACHAKEL ALEMNANA AKABABEW 4498 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM MACHAKEL LAY DAMOTNA YEBEHIRA 4465 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM MACHAKEL DINGAY BER 4148 RURAL AMHARA EAST GOJAM MACHAKEL KWASHEBANA AKABABIW 4002 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR ALEFA 178992 AMHARA NORTH GONDAR ALEFA KEZEN SHAHURA {02} 11401 URBAN AMHARA NORTH GONDAR ALEFA AHICHA MANGUR {08} 5512 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR ALEFA ATUGA {07} 5317 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR ALEFA ESEY DEBR BANBA GUBIYA JANTEGA 4577 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR ALEFA SHAHURA-TOWN 4542 URBAN AMHARA NORTH GONDAR ALEFA KAKA{37} 4318 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR ALEFA ABIN {06} 3892 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR ALEFA BRAGAWDA {46} 3889 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR ALEFA DENGEL BER TOWN 3404 URBAN AMHARA NORTH GONDAR ALEFA KEBELE 01 3404 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR DEBARK 159193 AMHARA NORTH GONDAR DEBARK KINO 6321 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR DEBARK KIRAR ZEBZEBA 6054 RURAL

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AMHARA NORTH GONDAR DEBARK AVERGINA 3725 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR DEBARK ADDIS GILD MILIGESEN 7488 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR DEBARK KINOMENDER 6321 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR DEBARK KUHA 5089 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR DEBARK MUKARA 6984 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR DEBARK GOMIYA 5089 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR DEBARK DEBIR 4848 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR DEBARK ARGIN JENA 5014 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR GONDER TOWN 207044 AMHARA NORTH GONDAR GONDER TOWN ABIYE IZGI 5014 URBAN AMHARA NORTH GONDAR GONDER TOWN AZEZO AYER MAREFIYA 16729 URBAN AMHARA NORTH GONDAR GONDER TOWN DIMAZA 12687 URBAN AMHARA NORTH GONDAR GONDER TOWN MEDIHANIYALEM 12032 URBAN AMHARA NORTH GONDAR GONDER TOWN GEBIREAL 11694 URBAN AMHARA NORTH GONDAR GONDER TOWN ARIBEGNOCH ADEBABAY 11415 URBAN AMHARA NORTH GONDAR GONDER TOWN CHERIKOS 11314 URBAN AMHARA NORTH GONDAR GONDER TOWN ABAJALE 10322 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR GONDER TOWN MEHAL ARADA 9765 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR GONDER TOWN ADEBABAY EYESUS 9071 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR METEMA 133452 AMHARA NORTH GONDAR METEMA KEBELE 01 10171 URBAN AMHARA NORTH GONDAR METEMA METEMA YOHANIS TOWN 10171 URBAN AMHARA NORTH GONDAR METEMA SHINFA TOWN 3928 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR METEMA ZEBACH BAHIR 7268 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR METEMA MENDER 6, 7 & 8 3398 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR METEMA TUMET MENDOKA 6139 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR METEMA KEBELE 01 6007 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR METEMA KEBELE 02 5335 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR METEMA DAS MICHAEL 5069 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR METEMA KUMER AFTIT 3184 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR TAKUSA 134605 AMHARA NORTH GONDAR TAKUSA SIBISERAK 8441 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR TAKUSA GOYROB GEBEYAANBES 7557 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR TAKUSA AREMABIDERKUN 7479 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR TAKUSA KEBELE 01 7087 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR TAKUSA DELGI TOWN 7087 URBAN AMHARA NORTH GONDAR TAKUSA TACH ALEWA 6185 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR TAKUSA DUKLA ARBA 5620 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR TAKUSA KURABSA 5569 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR TAKUSA ACHERABEBCHNA GALAYE 4368 RURAL AMHARA NORTH GONDAR TAKUSA ACHERWUHEJANWUHE 5240 RURAL AMHARA NORTH SHEWA ANKOBER 78930 AMHARA NORTH SHEWA ANKOBER DEREFO 4585 RURAL AMHARA NORTH SHEWA ANKOBER DAWAY 4331 RURAL AMHARA NORTH SHEWA ANKOBER ZOMA 3843 RURAL AMHARA NORTH SHEWA ANKOBER GORIGO 6199 RURAL AMHARA NORTH SHEWA ANKOBER MEHAL WENIZ 3594 RURAL AMHARA NORTH SHEWA ANKOBER CHEFA 3552 RURAL AMHARA NORTH SHEWA ANKOBER LAY GOREBELA 3474 RURAL AMHARA NORTH SHEWA ANKOBER ALYUBA ZURIA 4940 RURAL AMHARA NORTH SHEWA ANKOBER GORBELA TOWN 2472 RURAL AMHARA NORTH SHEWA ANKOBER AYERARA ENA GUDEGUADE WEHA 2914 RURAL AMHARA NORTH SHEWA GISHE 64295 AMHARA NORTH SHEWA GISHE GIRAR AMIBA 11044 URBAN AMHARA NORTH SHEWA GISHE FERES BET 7978 RURAL AMHARA NORTH SHEWA GISHE WEFILEK 7445 RURAL

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AMHARA NORTH SHEWA GISHE GOLITA MEZERAZIR 5314 RURAL AMHARA NORTH SHEWA GISHE MOGENA KOREBETETE 5174 RURAL AMHARA NORTH SHEWA GISHE ARATA WETEFE 4977 RURAL AMHARA NORTH SHEWA GISHE WEJIT 4448 RURAL AMHARA NORTH SHEWA GISHE DARAT 4222 RURAL AMHARA NORTH SHEWA GISHE ASINAFIT 3854 RURAL AMHARA NORTH SHEWA GISHE RABEL-TOWN 2774 URBAN AMHARA NORTH SHEWA MERHABETE 137857 AMHARA NORTH SHEWA MERHABETE AGERIT KUMAMBA 5177 RURAL AMHARA NORTH SHEWA MERHABETE GIRET 5675 RURAL AMHARA NORTH SHEWA MERHABETE GEREN 5123 RURAL AMHARA NORTH SHEWA MERHABETE HAROGENDA SOBAGE 5007 RURAL AMHARA NORTH SHEWA MERHABETE DELEMA 6355 RURAL AMHARA NORTH SHEWA MERHABETE BUYE GEDEJEWA 4778 RURAL AMHARA NORTH SHEWA MERHABETE OFUNA SIBAWASHA 4709 RURAL AMHARA NORTH SHEWA MERHABETE SISI AMBA 4078 RURAL AMHARA NORTH SHEWA MERHABETE LIJAGBA AMDEN 4032 RURAL AMHARA NORTH SHEWA MERHABETE KUSAYE CHEFE 3950 RURAL AMHARA NORTH WELLO BUGNA 75486 AMHARA NORTH WELLO BUGNA BIR KUAKUA 7775 RURAL AMHARA NORTH WELLO BUGNA BURKO 7739 RURAL AMHARA NORTH WELLO BUGNA KOB 7429 RURAL AMHARA NORTH WELLO BUGNA GUL WUHA 6569 RURAL AMHARA NORTH WELLO BUGNA SERZINA 6547 RURAL AMHARA NORTH WELLO BUGNA KWARO 5972 RURAL AMHARA NORTH WELLO BUGNA AYINA MIKAEL 4732 RURAL AMHARA NORTH WELLO BUGNA LAY DIBA 4678 RURAL AMHARA NORTH WELLO BUGNA MESKEL KIRSTOS 4066 RURAL AMHARA NORTH WELLO BUGNA DARIYA 3499 RURAL AMHARA NORTH WELLO HABRU 198220 AMHARA NORTH WELLO HABRU WERE LALO 7321 RURAL AMHARA NORTH WELLO HABRU MEHAL AMBA 9625 RURAL AMHARA NORTH WELLO HABRU KULE 7066 RURAL AMHARA NORTH WELLO HABRU GOLA HALO 7002 RURAL AMHARA NORTH WELLO HABRU SIRINKA 6841 RURAL AMHARA NORTH WELLO HABRU GODA 6836 RURAL AMHARA NORTH WELLO HABRU KES KEBELE 6582 RURAL AMHARA NORTH WELLO HABRU AELA 6555 RURAL AMHARA NORTH WELLO HABRU GIRANA 6355 RURAL AMHARA NORTH WELLO HABRU DANA 2987 RURAL AMHARA NORTH WELLO MEKET 238394 AMHARA NORTH WELLO MEKET WARO 8784 RURAL AMHARA NORTH WELLO MEKET DEBREZEBIT 8381 RURAL AMHARA NORTH WELLO MEKET HANSEWUHANA TSEBELET 8137 RURAL AMHARA NORTH WELLO MEKET AGIRET 7854 RURAL AMHARA NORTH WELLO MEKET DBKO 7748 RURAL AMHARA NORTH WELLO MEKET TEGUBENNA MESKEL 7692 RURAL AMHARA NORTH WELLO MEKET HAMUSIT 7673 RURAL AMHARA NORTH WELLO MEKET MESFINA 7472 RURAL AMHARA NORTH WELLO MEKET SERKO 7228 RURAL AMHARA NORTH WELLO MEKET ESTAYISH 6876 RURAL AMHARA OROMIYA DAWA CHEFA 136264 AMHARA OROMIYA DAWA CHEFA SITIR DIRMA 11633 URBAN AMHARA OROMIYA DAWA CHEFA DODO 11050 URBAN AMHARA OROMIYA DAWA CHEFA TUCHE ANGALO 10579 URBAN AMHARA OROMIYA DAWA CHEFA BEDENO SERTE 10458 URBAN

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AMHARA OROMIYA DAWA CHEFA BISIDI KOKO 8589 RURAL AMHARA OROMIYA DAWA CHEFA GULA 8019 RURAL AMHARA OROMIYA DAWA CHEFA GERBI MESENA 6499 RURAL AMHARA OROMIYA DAWA CHEFA SHEKILA 6431 RURAL AMHARA OROMIYA DAWA CHEFA KEMISE AKABABI 4985 RURAL AMHARA OROMIYA DAWA CHEFA GORO DINDIN 4424 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH GONDAR EBINAT 232179 AMHARA SOUTH GONDAR EBINAT KEBELE 01 12002 URBAN AMHARA SOUTH GONDAR EBINAT EBINAT TOWN 12002 URBAN AMHARA SOUTH GONDAR EBINAT ADER SEG ABINA 10434 URBAN AMHARA SOUTH GONDAR EBINAT DEBER ABA JALE 4963 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH GONDAR EBINAT WARIBA 4824 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH GONDAR EBINAT AGISA 4766 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH GONDAR EBINAT KITA 4178 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH GONDAR EBINAT SERAWEDI 4007 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH GONDAR EBINAT TIGAGE 3794 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH GONDAR EBINAT MENA DIK 3257 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH GONDAR FOGERA 232417 AMHARA SOUTH GONDAR FOGERA ZENEG 8109 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH GONDAR FOGERA DIBASIFATRA 7901 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH GONDAR FOGERA WETENB 7851 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH GONDAR FOGERA KDSTE HANA 7677 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH GONDAR FOGERA ADDIS BETEKRSTIYAN 7613 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH GONDAR FOGERA HEGERESELAM 7603 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH GONDAR FOGERA WERETA ZURIA 7599 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH GONDAR FOGERA REB GEBREAL 7452 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH GONDAR FOGERA BEBEKS 6807 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH GONDAR FOGERA KEBELE 01 3968 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH GONDAR MISRAK ESTE 447816 AMHARA SOUTH GONDAR MISRAK ESTE KINDE MEDA 10304 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH GONDAR MISRAK ESTE KEBELE 01 5227 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH GONDAR MISRAK ESTE MEKANE EYESUS 5118 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH GONDAR MISRAK ESTE BERIKUT 5019 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH GONDAR MISRAK ESTE KEBELE 03 4855 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH GONDAR MISRAK ESTE SHOLEKT MEHALGIE 4846 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH GONDAR MISRAK ESTE LIMON ZOGE 4820 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH GONDAR MISRAK ESTE KEBELE 05 4708 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH GONDAR MISRAK ESTE KEBELE 34 4629 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH GONDAR MISRAK ESTE WEFEGIE MARIYAM 4460 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO ALBUKO 77990 AMHARA SOUTH WELLO ALBUKO FELANA MEDA 7110 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO ALBUKO TOSA FELANA 7044 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO ALBUKO BELE 6800 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO ALBUKO JERSA WELIDIYA 5743 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO ALBUKO SOBANA JEBIL 5625 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO ALBUKO AMBO KARA 5570 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO ALBUKO MAYI BARINA DEFATIT 4476 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO ALBUKO DIDIN 4192 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO ALBUKO QALO 4142 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO ALBUKO SEGNO GEBEYA-TOWN 2144 URBAN AMHARA SOUTH WELLO DESSIE TOWN 148622 AMHARA SOUTH WELLO DESSIE TOWN KEBELE 08 17240 URBAN AMHARA SOUTH WELLO DESSIE TOWN KEBELE 06 15807 URBAN AMHARA SOUTH WELLO DESSIE TOWN KEBELE 09 10835 URBAN AMHARA SOUTH WELLO DESSIE TOWN KEBELE 02 10471 URBAN AMHARA SOUTH WELLO DESSIE TOWN KEBELE 01 10411 URBAN

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AMHARA SOUTH WELLO DESSIE TOWN KEBELE 05 10259 URBAN AMHARA SOUTH WELLO DESSIE TOWN KURKUR 03 8298 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO DESSIE TOWN KEBELE 04 7473 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO DESSIE TOWN TITA 02 4029 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO DESSIE TOWN BORU METRO 06 2829 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO KUTABER 100350 AMHARA SOUTH WELLO KUTABER KUNDI NAJARJOR 5421 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO KUTABER SEGON 5309 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO KUTABER ABASELAMA 5075 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO KUTABER KEBELE 01 4940 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO KUTABER KUTABER TOWN 4940 URBAN AMHARA SOUTH WELLO KUTABER MANOSH 4551 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO KUTABER GORO MENDER 4301 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO KUTABER AMBA GIBE 4264 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO KUTABER DIRE 4131 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO KUTABER LIWICHO 4049 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO SAYINT 148726 AMHARA SOUTH WELLO SAYINT HURIMO {020} 5329 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO SAYINT TEDIBABE MARIYAM {016} 5156 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO SAYINT SHEHOT {024} 5040 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO SAYINT GULIMEDA {017} 4903 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO SAYINT EWA {021} 4775 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO SAYINT BEJA {07} 4728 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO SAYINT DUAT {02} 4480 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO SAYINT BEJA CHILAGA {08} 4311 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO SAYINT WIKIR {026} 4281 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO SAYINT AMBA SENIBER {012} 4170 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO WEREBABO 107256 AMHARA SOUTH WELLO WEREBABO KUNO 8502 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO WEREBABO FITO 6259 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO WEREBABO YAYA 6022 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO WEREBABO GUBISA 5705 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO WEREBABO DUBETA 3861 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO WEREBABO EJERSA 3787 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO WEREBABO HARA 3361 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO WEREBABO BOKOKSA 01 2673 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO WEREBABO OULAOULA 2637 RURAL AMHARA SOUTH WELLO WEREBABO CHALI 2529 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM BAHIR DAR ZURIYA 182730 AMHARA WEST GOJAM BAHIR DAR ZURIYA SEBATAMIT 6281 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM BAHIR DAR ZURIYA QIMBABA 6182 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM BAHIR DAR ZURIYA GINIB SOSITU 5867 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM BAHIR DAR ZURIYA FERESI WEGA 5786 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM BAHIR DAR ZURIYA MAQOLI 5676 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM BAHIR DAR ZURIYA GOMIBAT ABA GERIMA 5577 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM BAHIR DAR ZURIYA TENTA LEGUNA 5299 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM BAHIR DAR ZURIYA YILOMA YEGINIFIT 5231 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM BAHIR DAR ZURIYA LATA AMBA 9383 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM BAHIR DAR ZURIYA ALAHAYI 5123 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM DEBUB ACHEFER 147434 AMHARA WEST GOJAM DEBUB ACHEFER DURBETE TOWN 11776 URBAN AMHARA WEST GOJAM DEBUB ACHEFER ZIHIBST TANFA 10957 URBAN AMHARA WEST GOJAM DEBUB ACHEFER LALIBELA 10942 URBAN AMHARA WEST GOJAM DEBUB ACHEFER AHURI QELTAFA 9693 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM DEBUB ACHEFER ANKESHA MUNGET 9590 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM DEBUB ACHEFER ABCHIKLI ZURIYA 9315 RURAL

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AMHARA WEST GOJAM DEBUB ACHEFER KER GURACH 9187 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM DEBUB ACHEFER GUTA ADBI 7913 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM DEBUB ACHEFER ATIT GILTATA 7747 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM DEBUB ACHEFER CHABA WAGIRA 7506 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM MECHA 296075 AMHARA WEST GOJAM MECHA RIM 5764 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM MECHA KEBELE 02 5611 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM MECHA MIDRE GENET 5296 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM MECHA TATEK GEBERE 5179 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM MECHA GORA GOT 5179 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM MECHA FELEGE HIWET 4870 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM MECHA ZEMENE BERHAN 4724 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM MECHA AMARIT WENZ 12709 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM MECHA KEBELE 01 9419 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM MECHA KEBELE 03 3652 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM YILMANA DENSA 214852 AMHARA WEST GOJAM YILMANA DENSA YIZORA 6436 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM YILMANA DENSA KEBELE 03 6342 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM YILMANA DENSA WALKA 6223 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM YILMANA DENSA KEBELE 01 5890 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM YILMANA DENSA ANGAR 5578 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM YILMANA DENSA AYIBAR 5549 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM YILMANA DENSA TSION 5514 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM YILMANA DENSA ENEGADE 5387 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM YILMANA DENSA DEMOBASHO 5317 RURAL AMHARA WEST GOJAM YILMANA DENSA AMOBATNA 5111 RURAL OROMIA ARSI DEKSIS 78411 OROMIA ARSI DEKSIS KARA LENCHA 8766 RURAL OROMIA ARSI DEKSIS ALEKO KARA 8070 RURAL OROMIA ARSI DEKSIS DEKSIS TOWN 6982 URBAN OROMIA ARSI DEKSIS DEKSIS MORTICHA 6565 RURAL OROMIA ARSI DEKSIS TENA BAMO 6328 RURAL OROMIA ARSI DEKSIS SDQA ABUTAYU 6054 RURAL OROMIA ARSI DEKSIS BULALA LEMAN 5944 RURAL OROMIA ARSI DEKSIS HELA WELKETE 4645 RURAL OROMIA ARSI DEKSIS KEBELE 01 3259 RURAL OROMIA ARSI DEKSIS WETRA GOLA 2793 RURAL OROMIA ARSI LODE HETOSA 118240 OROMIA ARSI LODE HETOSA HURTA TOWN 13265 URBAN OROMIA ARSI LODE HETOSA ALEKO AGERESELAM 9896 RURAL OROMIA ARSI LODE HETOSA EFA LODE 8913 RURAL OROMIA ARSI LODE HETOSA TULU BEGO 7876 RURAL OROMIA ARSI LODE HETOSA KEBELE 01 7064 RURAL OROMIA ARSI LODE HETOSA GURA HARECHO 6756 RURAL OROMIA ARSI LODE HETOSA MELKAJEBI 3766 RURAL OROMIA ARSI LODE HETOSA GUDELICHA 3324 RURAL OROMIA ARSI LODE HETOSA KERISA 2827 RURAL OROMIA ARSI LODE HETOSA KEBELE 01 2033 RURAL OROMIA ARSI SUDE 149448 OROMIA ARSI SUDE EZULE SEDIQA 5055 RURAL OROMIA ARSI SUDE ASHIMIRA QERENSA 4906 RURAL OROMIA ARSI SUDE ASHIMIRA WERGENBULA 4680 RURAL OROMIA ARSI SUDE OURU GIMEBICHU 4603 RURAL OROMIA ARSI SUDE LUCHE DEREBA 4375 RURAL OROMIA ARSI SUDE ASHMIRA WAFIKA 4665 RURAL OROMIA ARSI SUDE EJEJITU SEDIQA 4132 RURAL

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OROMIA ARSI SUDE CHEMO NEGELE 3952 RURAL OROMIA ARSI SUDE EIKIYA ULAGEDI 3839 RURAL OROMIA ARSI SUDE CHIMO ALOLA 3518 RURAL OROMIA BALE GASERA 79016 OROMIA BALE GASERA AWICHACHE BIRIBIRISA 6059 RURAL OROMIA BALE GASERA ELU KERISHA 3745 RURAL OROMIA BALE GASERA ABEBU KEMEDI 3497 RURAL OROMIA BALE GASERA HOMA ABU 3297 RURAL OROMIA BALE GASERA CHEFARO 3286 RURAL OROMIA BALE GASERA SURARA KOLOBA 3110 RURAL OROMIA BALE GASERA MELIKA OLIFIGEDI 2422 RURAL OROMIA BALE GASERA SEADA KOLOBA 2357 RURAL OROMIA BALE GASERA BELO HABEBE 2181 RURAL OROMIA BALE GASERA BENEBE GURANYADA 2073 RURAL OROMIA BALE SINANA 117204 OROMIA BALE SINANA SHALO 6003 RURAL OROMIA BALE SINANA HORABOKA 5868 RURAL OROMIA BALE SINANA KASOSHEKUMER 5867 RURAL OROMIA BALE SINANA WELTEIARJO 5855 RURAL OROMIA BALE SINANA HESENBERERA 5665 RURAL OROMIA BALE SINANA ALAGE 5397 RURAL OROMIA BALE SINANA ROBE AKABABI 5224 RURAL OROMIA BALE SINANA HEMIDA 4975 RURAL OROMIA BALE SINANA WELTEIWEYIB 4425 RURAL OROMIA BALE SINANA BESASO 4150 RURAL OROMIA BORENA YABELO 98579 OROMIA BORENA YABELO ARERI 9609 RURAL OROMIA BORENA YABELO BILIDAM 3660 RURAL OROMIA BORENA YABELO DEDERITU 2131 RURAL OROMIA BORENA YABELO DID YABELO 10518 URBAN OROMIA BORENA YABELO DIDA HARA 11755 URBAN OROMIA BORENA YABELO HARI WEYU 2895 RURAL OROMIA BORENA YABELO KEBELE 02 12261 URBAN OROMIA BORENA YABELO ODE GALICHAT 4827 RURAL OROMIA BORENA YABELO TSADIM 6874 RURAL OROMIA BORENA YABELO TSARITO 5145 RURAL OROMIA EAST HARARGE FEDIS 117682 OROMIA EAST HARARGE FEDIS UMER KULE 8544 RURAL OROMIA EAST HARARGE FEDIS MULETA 8290 RURAL OROMIA EAST HARARGE FEDIS KERE 7893 RURAL OROMIA EAST HARARGE FEDIS BID BORA 6791 RURAL OROMIA EAST HARARGE FEDIS MELKA 6712 RURAL OROMIA EAST HARARGE FEDIS BOKO TOWN 4574 URBAN OROMIA EAST HARARGE FEDIS AGUDORA 4446 RURAL OROMIA EAST HARARGE FEDIS KUFA BOBASA 4292 RURAL OROMIA EAST HARARGE FEDIS BELINA ARBA 3851 RURAL OROMIA EAST HARARGE FEDIS ANENI 3019 RURAL OROMIA EAST HARARGE HAROMAYA 290322 OROMIA EAST HARARGE HAROMAYA KEBELE 01 22630 URBAN OROMIA EAST HARARGE HAROMAYA IFA HAROMAYA 13207 URBAN OROMIA EAST HARARGE HAROMAYA GOBE CHALA 13174 URBAN OROMIA EAST HARARGE HAROMAYA BIFITU GEDA 11827 URBAN OROMIA EAST HARARGE HAROMAYA NEGEYA 10779 URBAN OROMIA EAST HARARGE HAROMAYA MEDE BELINA 10465 URBAN OROMIA EAST HARARGE HAROMAYA KURO 10446 URBAN OROMIA EAST HARARGE HAROMAYA TUJI GEBISA 9195 RURAL

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OROMIA EAST HARARGE HAROMAYA MELIKA GEMECHU 8539 RURAL OROMIA EAST HARARGE HAROMAYA KERO TERKAFE 8208 RURAL OROMIA EAST HARARGE MIDEGA TOLA 81297 OROMIA EAST HARARGE MIDEGA TOLA LIBEN 6690 RURAL OROMIA EAST HARARGE MIDEGA TOLA KEBELE 01 6055 RURAL OROMIA EAST HARARGE MIDEGA TOLA MIDEGA TOWN 6055 URBAN OROMIA EAST HARARGE MIDEGA TOLA LENCHA 5715 RURAL OROMIA EAST HARARGE MIDEGA TOLA BEREZALA 3353 RURAL OROMIA EAST HARARGE MIDEGA TOLA AURIJI 3236 RURAL OROMIA EAST HARARGE MIDEGA TOLA MUKURA 3127 RURAL OROMIA EAST HARARGE MIDEGA TOLA JIDO GERI 2828 RURAL OROMIA EAST HARARGE MIDEGA TOLA KERENSA 2688 RURAL OROMIA EAST HARARGE MIDEGA TOLA DIMTU KALIYA 2176 RURAL OROMIA EAST SHEWA BOSET 138212 OROMIA EAST SHEWA BOSET NURA HERA 02 6214 RURAL OROMIA EAST SHEWA BOSET KEBELE 02 5912 RURAL OROMIA EAST SHEWA BOSET QAWA HARA MIRQASA 5626 RURAL OROMIA EAST SHEWA BOSET SIFA BATE 5260 RURAL OROMIA EAST SHEWA BOSET DENGORE FERDA 5202 RURAL OROMIA EAST SHEWA BOSET GOLBO MITIMITI 5188 RURAL OROMIA EAST SHEWA BOSET NURA HERA 03 5169 RURAL OROMIA EAST SHEWA BOSET ARARSO BERO 5073 RURAL OROMIA EAST SHEWA BOSET DIRE DEGAGA 4752 RURAL OROMIA EAST SHEWA BOSET QECHACHULE GUJA 4501 RURAL OROMIA EAST WELLEGA GOBU SEYO 45484 OROMIA EAST WELLEGA GOBU SEYO ONGOBO BEKENISA 5952 RURAL OROMIA EAST WELLEGA GOBU SEYO TIBE HARA 5839 RURAL OROMIA EAST WELLEGA GOBU SEYO OLEMAY CHALA 5219 RURAL OROMIA EAST WELLEGA GOBU SEYO AGO LAFTEN 4925 RURAL OROMIA EAST WELLEGA GOBU SEYO KEBELE 01 4752 RURAL OROMIA EAST WELLEGA GOBU SEYO ANO TOWN 4752 URBAN OROMIA EAST WELLEGA GOBU SEYO SOMOBO QEJO 4606 RURAL OROMIA EAST WELLEGA GOBU SEYO ALEMI SEYO 3903 RURAL OROMIA EAST WELLEGA GOBU SEYO ADERE TIKSA 2861 RURAL OROMIA EAST WELLEGA GOBU SEYO GAMBELA TERE 2675 RURAL OROMIA GUJI ADOLA TOWN 22938 OROMIA GUJI ADOLA TOWN KEBELE 04 7004 RURAL OROMIA GUJI ADOLA TOWN KEBELE 01 6358 RURAL OROMIA GUJI ADOLA TOWN KEBELE 02 4982 RURAL OROMIA GUJI ADOLA TOWN KEBELE 03 4594 RURAL OROMIA GUJI ODO SHAKISO 208593 OROMIA GUJI ODO SHAKISO KORCHA DALECHA 9552 RURAL OROMIA GUJI ODO SHAKISO KENTICHA 8309 RURAL OROMIA GUJI ODO SHAKISO HAYADIMA 8075 RURAL OROMIA GUJI ODO SHAKISO KEBELE 01 7818 RURAL OROMIA GUJI ODO SHAKISO SEWANA 7556 RURAL OROMIA GUJI ODO SHAKISO REJI 6985 RURAL OROMIA GUJI ODO SHAKISO KEBELE 02 5864 RURAL OROMIA GUJI ODO SHAKISO LOLOTU 5803 RURAL OROMIA GUJI ODO SHAKISO HANGADI 5707 RURAL OROMIA GUJI ODO SHAKISO MADA SODU 5676 RURAL OROMIA HORO GUDRU WELLEGA HORO 75187 OROMIA HORO GUDRU WELLEGA HORO HARO AGA 5805 RURAL OROMIA HORO GUDRU WELLEGA HORO GULFI ULANALE 4945 RURAL OROMIA HORO GUDRU WELLEGA HORO DIDIBE KISTANA 4817 RURAL OROMIA HORO GUDRU WELLEGA HORO ALI SHAYA IGU 4208 RURAL

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OROMIA HORO GUDRU WELLEGA HORO KEBELE 01 3669 RURAL OROMIA HORO GUDRU WELLEGA HORO SEKELA TOWN 3669 URBAN OROMIA HORO GUDRU WELLEGA HORO BURKITU ABORA 3661 RURAL OROMIA HORO GUDRU WELLEGA HORO ABI LEIGU 3598 RURAL OROMIA HORO GUDRU WELLEGA HORO AKAJI SEBET 2306 RURAL OROMIA HORO GUDRU WELLEGA HORO IGUM 2222 RURAL OROMIA ILU ABA BORA DEDESA 76731 OROMIA ILU ABA BORA DEDESA DAN 10298 URBAN OROMIA ILU ABA BORA DEDESA YEMBERO 6367 RURAL OROMIA ILU ABA BORA DEDESA KEBELE 01 5649 RURAL OROMIA ILU ABA BORA DEDESA DEMBE TOWN 5649 URBAN OROMIA ILU ABA BORA DEDESA SINESO 3141 RURAL OROMIA ILU ABA BORA DEDESA KEMACHE 3103 RURAL OROMIA ILU ABA BORA DEDESA SOBO 2799 RURAL OROMIA ILU ABA BORA DEDESA HERO 2527 RURAL OROMIA ILU ABA BORA DEDESA GEPA 2401 RURAL OROMIA ILU ABA BORA DEDESA MESERA 2382 RURAL OROMIA JIMMA GERA 109681 OROMIA JIMMA GERA SECHA 4746 RURAL OROMIA JIMMA GERA CHIRA TOWN 4746 URBAN OROMIA JIMMA GERA TINIBACHALE 4728 RURAL OROMIA JIMMA GERA WALA 4564 RURAL OROMIA JIMMA GERA BORE DEDO 4172 RURAL OROMIA JIMMA GERA GEDAGUTE 4017 RURAL OROMIA JIMMA GERA GINA CHOLA 3868 RURAL OROMIA JIMMA GERA WANJA KERSA 3695 RURAL OROMIA JIMMA GERA BORICHO DEKA 3495 RURAL OROMIA JIMMA GERA SED LOYA 3478 RURAL OROMIA JIMMA MANA 151068 OROMIA JIMMA MANA BILIDA 10304 URBAN OROMIA JIMMA MANA DOYO TOLI 8752 RURAL OROMIA JIMMA MANA SEMOYU 7842 RURAL OROMIA JIMMA MANA HARO 7572 RURAL OROMIA JIMMA MANA DOYO BIKILA 7470 RURAL OROMIA JIMMA MANA BEBELA KOSA 7182 RURAL OROMIA JIMMA MANA GUBEBO SOKA 6933 RURAL OROMIA JIMMA MANA SEMBO MANA 6773 RURAL OROMIA JIMMA MANA BUTIRE 3349 RURAL OROMIA JIMMA MANA HUNDA TOLE 3122 RURAL OROMIA JIMMA SIGMO 97622 OROMIA JIMMA SIGMO NOO 8603 RURAL OROMIA JIMMA SIGMO YADESO 7837 RURAL OROMIA JIMMA SIGMO SUBA KELA 7311 RURAL OROMIA JIMMA SIGMO KANICHU 5623 RURAL OROMIA JIMMA SIGMO KEBELE 01 5511 RURAL OROMIA JIMMA SIGMO SIGMO TOWN 5511 URBAN OROMIA JIMMA SIGMO DAPERA 5306 RURAL OROMIA JIMMA SIGMO GEDA 2852 RURAL OROMIA JIMMA SIGMO GAWAY 2769 RURAL OROMIA JIMMA SIGMO DIYA 2470 RURAL OROMIA KELEM WELLEGA LALO KILE 40544 OROMIA KELEM WELLEGA LALO KILE MEDALEKELISSA 5310 RURAL OROMIA KELEM WELLEGA LALO KILE FURDISAJAWI 3906 RURAL OROMIA KELEM WELLEGA LALO KILE MENJOSO JIRU 3661 RURAL OROMIA KELEM WELLEGA LALO KILE KEBELE 01 2805 RURAL OROMIA KELEM WELLEGA LALO KILE LALO TOWN 2805 URBAN

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OROMIA KELEM WELLEGA LALO KILE KUTALALUBE 2777 RURAL OROMIA KELEM WELLEGA LALO KILE NONOJINO 2762 RURAL OROMIA KELEM WELLEGA LALO KILE AMAREKUCHO 2683 RURAL OROMIA KELEM WELLEGA LALO KILE SEREBA RIJO 2575 RURAL OROMIA KELEM WELLEGA LALO KILE WAYUDIBABA 2489 RURAL OROMIA NORTH SHEWA JIDA 53658 OROMIA NORTH SHEWA JIDA GANGO 7478 RURAL OROMIA NORTH SHEWA JIDA KELATE 6414 RURAL OROMIA NORTH SHEWA JIDA SIBA DEGA 4741 RURAL OROMIA NORTH SHEWA JIDA GOGOLE NESERI 4689 RURAL OROMIA NORTH SHEWA JIDA WANYA KORE 3317 RURAL OROMIA NORTH SHEWA JIDA DEGA GOLBA 3194 RURAL OROMIA NORTH SHEWA JIDA DEBELE GENJO 3151 RURAL OROMIA NORTH SHEWA JIDA ARIYA GADULA 3128 RURAL OROMIA NORTH SHEWA JIDA AREBSA CHIFARA 2993 RURAL OROMIA NORTH SHEWA JIDA SIBA SERTI 2959 RURAL OROMIA SOUTH WEST SHEWA BECHO 79465 OROMIA SOUTH WEST SHEWA BECHO KEBELE 01 14476 URBAN OROMIA SOUTH WEST SHEWA BECHO SOYEMA GENGI 3683 RURAL OROMIA SOUTH WEST SHEWA BECHO DEKA GUDI 2 2677 RURAL OROMIA SOUTH WEST SHEWA BECHO WESREBI PAA 3119 RURAL OROMIA SOUTH WEST SHEWA BECHO JATO 6 4360 RURAL OROMIA SOUTH WEST SHEWA BECHO CHIRECHA 7 4323 RURAL OROMIA SOUTH WEST SHEWA BECHO WESREBI ABITI 2752 RURAL OROMIA SOUTH WEST SHEWA BECHO BEBELE DEBENYA 2638 RURAL OROMIA SOUTH WEST SHEWA BECHO ENISELALE 10 2423 RURAL OROMIA WEST ARSI ADABA 149568 OROMIA WEST ARSI ADABA ADABA TOWN 12099 URBAN OROMIA WEST ARSI ADABA GEDEDOGENET 10644 URBAN OROMIA WEST ARSI ADABA BUCHARAYA 9210 RURAL OROMIA WEST ARSI ADABA HAKOKARA 9134 RURAL OROMIA WEST ARSI ADABA HEROHUNTE 4459 RURAL OROMIA WEST ARSI ADABA CHOFARAAMANLEMA 4075 RURAL OROMIA WEST ARSI ADABA SOLETULUDIMTU 3889 RURAL OROMIA WEST ARSI ADABA AILASASHILA 3609 RURAL OROMIA WEST ARSI ADABA GERADILOMSERA 7889 RURAL OROMIA WEST ARSI ADABA IENCHAWESHA 1 8666 RURAL OROMIA WEST ARSI KOFELE 179378 OROMIA WEST ARSI KOFELE KEBELE 01 9345 RURAL OROMIA WEST ARSI KOFELE GEREMAMA 8661 RURAL OROMIA WEST ARSI KOFELE BACHEU GIGISA 8251 RURAL OROMIA WEST ARSI KOFELE KABETE 8062 RURAL OROMIA WEST ARSI KOFELE MOKE BORKO 6374 RURAL OROMIA WEST ARSI KOFELE TOLU 6017 RURAL OROMIA WEST ARSI KOFELE WESHER MINA HEGENA 2971 RURAL OROMIA WEST ARSI KOFELE ELEKA BEBE 2565 RURAL OROMIA WEST ARSI KOFELE KEBELE 01 1965 RURAL OROMIA WEST ARSI KOFELE WABE GEFERSA TOWN 1965 URBAN OROMIA WEST ARSI SHASHEMENE TOWN 100454 OROMIA WEST ARSI SHASHEMENE TOWN ABOSTO 16817 URBAN OROMIA WEST ARSI SHASHEMENE TOWN BULCHANA DENEBA 15436 URBAN OROMIA WEST ARSI SHASHEMENE TOWN AWASH 15204 URBAN OROMIA WEST ARSI SHASHEMENE TOWN ARADA 14456 URBAN OROMIA WEST ARSI SHASHEMENE TOWN DEDEBOKE 13666 URBAN OROMIA WEST ARSI SHASHEMENE TOWN ALELU 13286 URBAN OROMIA WEST ARSI SHASHEMENE TOWN BURKA GUDINA 11589 URBAN

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OROMIA WEST HARARGE DARO LEBU 213905 OROMIA WEST HARARGE DARO LEBU BILIKA 10074 URBAN OROMIA WEST HARARGE DARO LEBU KEBELE 01 9245 RURAL OROMIA WEST HARARGE DARO LEBU WACHU 4166 RURAL OROMIA WEST HARARGE DARO LEBU WENCHEBE 4122 RURAL OROMIA WEST HARARGE DARO LEBU GELGELE 3899 RURAL OROMIA WEST HARARGE DARO LEBU EDOGELMA 3853 RURAL OROMIA WEST HARARGE DARO LEBU HALOGOBA 3364 RURAL OROMIA WEST HARARGE DARO LEBU RIMETI 3085 RURAL OROMIA WEST HARARGE DARO LEBU TEMSAY TUPHO 2968 RURAL OROMIA WEST HARARGE DARO LEBU BOYIDO 2487 RURAL OROMIA WEST HARARGE MIESO 146032 OROMIA WEST HARARGE MIESO HARIGETI 2812 RURAL OROMIA WEST HARARGE MIESO DIRE KALU 2624 RURAL OROMIA WEST HARARGE MIESO HULE MENIDERA 2608 RURAL OROMIA WEST HARARGE MIESO BURAYISA TUKA 2555 RURAL OROMIA WEST HARARGE MIESO BURI MULU 2387 RURAL OROMIA WEST HARARGE MIESO HULE ADAMI 2383 RURAL OROMIA WEST HARARGE MIESO GUDICHA GURACHA 2354 RURAL OROMIA WEST HARARGE MIESO SODOMA GORO MISERA 2350 RURAL OROMIA WEST HARARGE MIESO HAMETA META DAYIMA 2337 RURAL OROMIA WEST HARARGE MIESO ORIFO 2310 RURAL OROMIA WEST SHEWA CHELIA 174185 OROMIA WEST SHEWA CHELIA ALE SOYEMA 3178 RURAL OROMIA WEST SHEWA CHELIA TITA MARU 3097 RURAL OROMIA WEST SHEWA CHELIA SHANO AGELO 3077 RURAL OROMIA WEST SHEWA CHELIA REFSO ALENGA 3016 RURAL OROMIA WEST SHEWA CHELIA DUBI GEREGULTI 2750 RURAL OROMIA WEST SHEWA CHELIA ABORA BENESU 2637 RURAL OROMIA WEST SHEWA CHELIA BADAELAMU 2558 RURAL OROMIA WEST SHEWA CHELIA BABICH TOWN 2521 URBAN OROMIA WEST SHEWA CHELIA SEKONDO 2458 RURAL OROMIA WEST SHEWA CHELIA OLE SERE 2340 RURAL OROMIA WEST SHEWA JELDU 213776 OROMIA WEST SHEWA JELDU KLBEABO 8469 RURAL OROMIA WEST SHEWA JELDU METEKOMA 7447 RURAL OROMIA WEST SHEWA JELDU AEDENSAGELAN 6860 RURAL OROMIA WEST SHEWA JELDU BADASEKORCHA 6806 RURAL OROMIA WEST SHEWA JELDU KORCHADERA 6371 RURAL OROMIA WEST SHEWA JELDU JWEBONI 6230 RURAL OROMIA WEST SHEWA JELDU HARODAGADABA 5980 RURAL OROMIA WEST SHEWA JELDU DREKEBENAA 5975 RURAL OROMIA WEST SHEWA JELDU CHOBISERBA 5945 RURAL OROMIA WEST SHEWA JELDU OSOLE 5762 RURAL OROMIA WEST WELLEGA BOJI CHEQORSA 32506 OROMIA WEST WELLEGA BOJI CHEQORSA WELIGELTE DILA 5513 RURAL OROMIA WEST WELLEGA BOJI CHEQORSA CHELIA WEREILU 4046 RURAL OROMIA WEST WELLEGA BOJI CHEQORSA SIBUE BECHA 3635 RURAL OROMIA WEST WELLEGA BOJI CHEQORSA GOMBO KOBORA 3258 RURAL OROMIA WEST WELLEGA BOJI CHEQORSA TULU GURACHA 2951 RURAL OROMIA WEST WELLEGA BOJI CHEQORSA CHELIA MOLE 2473 RURAL OROMIA WEST WELLEGA BOJI CHEQORSA LELISA BOJA 2341 RURAL OROMIA WEST WELLEGA BOJI CHEQORSA IGU KOBERA 2229 RURAL OROMIA WEST WELLEGA BOJI CHEQORSA AMUMA KEJELA 1988 RURAL OROMIA WEST WELLEGA BOJI CHEQORSA JOMO TIKSE 1919 RURAL OROMIA WEST WELLEGA QILTU KARA 50138

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OROMIA WEST WELLEGA QILTU KARA QILTU KARA TOWN 5256 URBAN OROMIA WEST WELLEGA QILTU KARA TELAMSODEMBI 4518 RURAL OROMIA WEST WELLEGA QILTU KARA DANDI GUDI 4061 RURAL OROMIA WEST WELLEGA QILTU KARA LELISA KOMISO 3466 RURAL OROMIA WEST WELLEGA QILTU KARA KEBELE 01 3270 RURAL OROMIA WEST WELLEGA QILTU KARA SERBI 2796 RURAL OROMIA WEST WELLEGA QILTU KARA WATODALE 2514 RURAL OROMIA WEST WELLEGA QILTU KARA GIDABUNDI 2293 RURAL OROMIA WEST WELLEGA QILTU KARA BOKEAKECHA 2073 RURAL OROMIA WEST WELLEGA QILTU KARA GUYODALE 2000 RURAL SNNP BENCH MAJI AMARO 155096 SNNP SNNP BENCH MAJI AMARO KOREBIKO 8241 RURAL SNNP BENCH MAJI AMARO DERBAMENENA 7417 RURAL SNNP BENCH MAJI AMARO DANOBULTO 7003 RURAL SNNP BENCH MAJI AMARO ZERGETE 6374 RURAL SNNP BENCH MAJI AMARO KELE 6275 RURAL SNNP BENCH MAJI AMARO GAMULE 5889 RURAL SNNP BENCH MAJI AMARO AYUKURE 5770 RURAL SNNP BENCH MAJI AMARO MEDAYNE 5572 RURAL SNNP BENCH MAJI AMARO KERMA 5382 RURAL SNNP BENCH MAJI AMARO GENA 5339 RURAL SNNP BENCH MAJI DERASHE 152451 SNNP SNNP BENCH MAJI DERASHE KOLAMA SHELE 5549 RURAL SNNP BENCH MAJI DERASHE DEGAMASHILE 5253 RURAL SNNP BENCH MAJI DERASHE LAYINYAW ARGOBA 5211 RURAL SNNP BENCH MAJI DERASHE ONOTA 5078 RURAL SNNP BENCH MAJI DERASHE BUSAKILA 4928 RURAL SNNP BENCH MAJI DERASHE KEYAMA 4925 RURAL SNNP BENCH MAJI DERASHE LOKITE 4650 RURAL SNNP BENCH MAJI DERASHE SHELESE 4636 RURAL SNNP BENCH MAJI DERASHE KEBELE 01 4634 RURAL SNNP BENCH MAJI DERASHE TSEMEHA 3892 RURAL SNNP BENCH MAJI SEMEN BENCH 110592 SNNP SNNP BENCH MAJI SEMEN BENCH GARIKN 4358 RURAL SNNP BENCH MAJI SEMEN BENCH KOSOKOL 4247 RURAL SNNP BENCH MAJI SEMEN BENCH KASHA 3968 RURAL SNNP BENCH MAJI SEMEN BENCH WOSHKEN 3899 RURAL SNNP BENCH MAJI SEMEN BENCH GACHA 3803 RURAL SNNP BENCH MAJI SEMEN BENCH YKRDEMOZE 3739 RURAL SNNP BENCH MAJI SEMEN BENCH TAET 3693 RURAL SNNP BENCH MAJI SEMEN BENCH WALA 3616 RURAL SNNP BENCH MAJI SEMEN BENCH ENDAKEL 3577 RURAL SNNP BENCH MAJI SEMEN BENCH ETSUKEN 3377 RURAL SNNP DAWURO GENA BOSA 74071 SNNP DAWURO GENA BOSA BURI 4806 RURAL SNNP DAWURO GENA BOSA SERI BELA 3630 RURAL SNNP DAWURO GENA BOSA BAZA SHITA 3495 RURAL SNNP DAWURO GENA BOSA BOSA SHOGA 3314 RURAL SNNP DAWURO GENA BOSA W/HANE EDIGET 2226 RURAL SNNP DAWURO GENA BOSA DITA 2185 RURAL SNNP DAWURO GENA BOSA DENIBA GENA 2131 RURAL SNNP DAWURO GENA BOSA TULEMA KOYISA 2111 RURAL SNNP DAWURO GENA BOSA ARUSI OFA 2061 RURAL SNNP DAWURO GENA BOSA DIBOSHA MENA 2024 RURAL SNNP DAWURO TOCHA 102644 SNNP DAWURO TOCHA ABA GERGA 6622 RURAL

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SNNP DAWURO TOCHA WARA GESA 6567 RURAL SNNP DAWURO TOCHA GORKA CHILA 5669 RURAL SNNP DAWURO TOCHA WARUMA KESA 5286 RURAL SNNP DAWURO TOCHA GEDA MELA 2427 RURAL SNNP DAWURO TOCHA MEDIHANI ALEM 2314 RURAL SNNP DAWURO TOCHA MALIGA MARACHA 2291 RURAL SNNP DAWURO TOCHA KEBELE 01 2266 RURAL SNNP DAWURO TOCHA ALEM GENA TOWN 2266 URBAN SNNP DAWURO TOCHA GANI DENEFA 2133 RURAL SNNP GAMO GOFA BONKE 165436 SNNP GAMO GOFA BONKE ZELA DOLA 4084 RURAL SNNP GAMO GOFA BONKE ZEGA 3861 RURAL SNNP GAMO GOFA BONKE DESHIKELE 3761 RURAL SNNP GAMO GOFA BONKE BONIKE YALA 3472 RURAL SNNP GAMO GOFA BONKE GOBO BAKE 3219 RURAL SNNP GAMO GOFA BONKE GERASE ZALA 3191 RURAL SNNP GAMO GOFA BONKE DURIBE 3138 RURAL SNNP GAMO GOFA BONKE GORETE 3012 RURAL SNNP GAMO GOFA BONKE ALIGUDE 2993 RURAL SNNP GAMO GOFA BONKE KALIBO LAKA 2847 RURAL SNNP GAMO GOFA GEZE GOFA 66072 SNNP GAMO GOFA GEZE GOFA ALAGELTSA 3157 RURAL SNNP GAMO GOFA GEZE GOFA KENCHOWEYZA 3082 RURAL SNNP GAMO GOFA GEZE GOFA BEDIRO GERMA 2982 RURAL SNNP GAMO GOFA GEZE GOFA ALEGIYABOLA 2934 RURAL SNNP GAMO GOFA GEZE GOFA BULKITSIRE 2889 RURAL SNNP GAMO GOFA GEZE GOFA DADA ALZA DOLCHA 2825 RURAL SNNP GAMO GOFA GEZE GOFA DOKISHOSUBO 2819 RURAL SNNP GAMO GOFA GEZE GOFA BEGABERZA 2756 RURAL SNNP GAMO GOFA GEZE GOFA BEDIRO ELA 2557 RURAL SNNP GAMO GOFA GEZE GOFA ANKOZUZA 2399 RURAL SNNP GAMO GOFA MELEKOZA 115899 SNNP GAMO GOFA MELEKOZA TATATOGALO 3831 RURAL SNNP GAMO GOFA MELEKOZA KOZABAYERA 3741 RURAL SNNP GAMO GOFA MELEKOZA LEHA 3377 RURAL SNNP GAMO GOFA MELEKOZA AOSHATIKELO 3355 RURAL SNNP GAMO GOFA MELEKOZA TSELABOLA 3325 RURAL SNNP GAMO GOFA MELEKOZA KEBELE 01 3277 RURAL SNNP GAMO GOFA MELEKOZA LEHA TOWN 3277 URBAN SNNP GAMO GOFA MELEKOZA BOKIREYOYA 3190 RURAL SNNP GAMO GOFA MELEKOZA MASHERA 5561 RURAL SNNP GAMO GOFA MELEKOZA SALAYISH SEFERA TABIYA 4815 RURAL SNNP GEDEO DILAZURIA 96800 SNNP GEDEO DILAZURIA CHICHU 8630 RURAL SNNP GEDEO DILAZURIA GOLA 8111 RURAL SNNP GEDEO DILAZURIA TUMITICHA 8060 RURAL SNNP GEDEO DILAZURIA MOCHILE SISOTA 6784 RURAL SNNP GEDEO DILAZURIA AMBA 6687 RURAL SNNP GEDEO DILAZURIA BUSA 6403 RURAL SNNP GEDEO DILAZURIA AKESHOTUM HAFERO 4886 RURAL SNNP GEDEO DILAZURIA OTILCHO 4760 RURAL SNNP GEDEO DILAZURIA MICHILE HULUNA 4329 RURAL SNNP GEDEO DILAZURIA AYEKELESUKE 2683 RURAL SNNP GEDEO WENAGO 125392 SNNP GEDEO WENAGO WETIKO 8622 RURAL SNNP GEDEO WENAGO KEBELE 01 8471 RURAL

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SNNP GEDEO WENAGO WONAGO TOWN 8471 URBAN SNNP GEDEO WENAGO KELECHA 7419 RURAL SNNP GEDEO WENAGO HASEHARO 7397 RURAL SNNP GEDEO WENAGO JEMJEMO 7133 RURAL SNNP GEDEO WENAGO DABOTA 7110 RURAL SNNP GEDEO WENAGO BANKO OKOTO 7024 RURAL SNNP GEDEO WENAGO GASELCHO 6214 RURAL SNNP GEDEO WENAGO DODORO 5994 RURAL SNNP GURAGE ENDEGAGN 42906 SNNP GURAGE ENDEGAGN BUCHA 4623 RURAL SNNP GURAGE ENDEGAGN ANE 4339 RURAL SNNP GURAGE ENDEGAGN GOMIRA 3985 RURAL SNNP GURAGE ENDEGAGN DABIR TSIGE 3898 RURAL SNNP GURAGE ENDEGAGN WILO LERA 3240 RURAL SNNP GURAGE ENDEGAGN BECHA 3044 RURAL SNNP GURAGE ENDEGAGN SHEWURA 2520 RURAL SNNP GURAGE ENDEGAGN ESIMAT 2195 RURAL SNNP GURAGE ENDEGAGN WOLECHO 2078 RURAL SNNP GURAGE ENDEGAGN JEDA 2040 RURAL SNNP GURAGE KEBENA 45644 SNNP GURAGE KEBENA RIMUGA 3415 RURAL SNNP GURAGE KEBENA SUNIKA DINICHO 3118 RURAL SNNP GURAGE KEBENA KATIBARE 3108 RURAL SNNP GURAGE KEBENA OUGUMANA HERAMIBA 2845 RURAL SNNP GURAGE KEBENA TATESA WESHRIBE 2822 RURAL SNNP GURAGE KEBENA ODOBERA 2814 RURAL SNNP GURAGE KEBENA CHAKA DAMAKASH 2611 RURAL SNNP GURAGE KEBENA FIKADO 2603 RURAL SNNP GURAGE KEBENA GORASADE 2074 RURAL SNNP GURAGE KEBENA ZOBIMOLA 1963 RURAL SNNP GURAGE SODO 124631 SNNP GURAGE SODO DEGA NURENA 2506 RURAL SNNP GURAGE SODO DEMU 1GNA 2460 RURAL SNNP GURAGE SODO SAYAT MAHBERAWI 2449 RURAL SNNP GURAGE SODO GOGETI 3 2376 RURAL SNNP GURAGE SODO DUGEDA GORO 2283 RURAL SNNP GURAGE SODO BONO AYGEDU 2274 RURAL SNNP GURAGE SODO MICHAIL SEMERO 2193 RURAL SNNP GURAGE SODO GMISE 2172 RURAL SNNP GURAGE SODO GENET MARIAM 2087 RURAL SNNP GURAGE SODO BUIE ZURIYA 1978 RURAL SNNP HADIYA GOMIBARA 93141 SNNP HADIYA GOMIBARA SETERANA WEGENO 7603 RURAL SNNP HADIYA GOMIBARA ORDE BOBECH 7581 RURAL SNNP HADIYA GOMIBARA ARARANA AGARO 7211 RURAL SNNP HADIYA GOMIBARA GORTA 3871 RURAL SNNP HADIYA GOMIBARA MISA 3635 RURAL SNNP HADIYA GOMIBARA 2GNA OLE 3296 RURAL SNNP HADIYA GOMIBARA BOSE 3197 RURAL SNNP HADIYA GOMIBARA WERA 3164 RURAL SNNP HADIYA GOMIBARA WABO 3104 RURAL SNNP HADIYA GOMIBARA SEGE 2259 RURAL SNNP HADIYA MISHA 131669 SNNP HADIYA MISHA ASHUSA BETERA 7333 RURAL SNNP HADIYA MISHA FORKOsE 5663 RURAL SNNP HADIYA MISHA DEBUBIWA SEGEBETA 5621 RURAL

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SNNP HADIYA MISHA DILBARA 5543 RURAL SNNP HADIYA MISHA ANTATA ANJEMA 5494 RURAL SNNP HADIYA MISHA FAGAJA 5337 RURAL SNNP HADIYA MISHA OLOLICHO 5090 RURAL SNNP HADIYA MISHA MORSITO 5086 RURAL SNNP HADIYA MISHA SEMENWA GEBETA 5013 RURAL SNNP HADIYA MISHA SEKO 4880 RURAL SNNP HADIYA SORO 205743 SNNP HADIYA SORO FENTA 3660 RURAL SNNP HADIYA SORO 2GNA SELFE 3567 RURAL SNNP HADIYA SORO KUBERBUYA 3552 RURAL SNNP HADIYA SORO BURYE SENGE 3529 RURAL SNNP HADIYA SORO 1GNA ODA 3413 RURAL SNNP HADIYA SORO HAHORA 3378 RURAL SNNP HADIYA SORO JACHO 3308 RURAL SNNP HADIYA SORO 2GNA ODA 3203 RURAL SNNP HADIYA SORO 1GNA HANKOTA 3123 RURAL SNNP HADIYA SORO 2GNA JAJURA 2880 RURAL SNNP KEFA CHENA 167818 SNNP KEFA CHENA KEBELE 01 10499 URBAN SNNP KEFA CHENA WACHA TOWN 10499 URBAN SNNP KEFA CHENA BALA SHASHA 7910 RURAL SNNP KEFA CHENA KUTA SHORAY 6434 RURAL SNNP KEFA CHENA SHACHA 6338 RURAL SNNP KEFA CHENA ESHITA 2898 RURAL SNNP KEFA CHENA GURECH 2591 RURAL SNNP KEFA CHENA GAY GOY 2544 RURAL SNNP KEFA CHENA SHAYICHA MEKA 2521 RURAL SNNP KEFA CHENA OMA SHONIGA 2045 RURAL SNNP KEFA MENJIWO 104520 SNNP KEFA MENJIWO BOKA 8108 RURAL SNNP KEFA MENJIWO DEKA 7563 RURAL SNNP KEFA MENJIWO CHEGA 7252 RURAL SNNP KEFA MENJIWO ANIGIYO KOLA 6884 RURAL SNNP KEFA MENJIWO SHASHA 5760 RURAL SNNP KEFA MENJIWO GIRAWA 2907 RURAL SNNP KEFA MENJIWO KAKA EDIGET TOWN 2858 URBAN SNNP KEFA MENJIWO BEKEUGETA 2722 RURAL SNNP KEFA MENJIWO DECHA WUGENA 2467 RURAL SNNP KEFA MENJIWO OLAREFETA 2359 RURAL SNNP KEMBATA TIBARO DURAME TOWN 48944 SNNP KEMBATA TIBARO DURAME TOWN DURAME TOWN 24472 URBAN SNNP KEMBATA TIBARO DURAME TOWN KEBELE 04 6484 RURAL SNNP KEMBATA TIBARO DURAME TOWN KEBELE 02 6235 RURAL SNNP KEMBATA TIBARO DURAME TOWN KEBELE 01 5972 RURAL SNNP KEMBATA TIBARO DURAME TOWN KEBELE 03 5781 RURAL SNNP SHEKA ANDERACHA 9666 SNNP SHEKA ANDERACHA KEBELE 01 2611 RURAL SNNP SHEKA ANDERACHA GECHA TOWN 2611 URBAN SNNP SHEKA ANDERACHA GEMADIRO 2333 RURAL SNNP SHEKA ANDERACHA SHEKIBEDO 2111 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA ARBEGONA 142607 SNNP SIDAMA ARBEGONA AKLE 3547 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA ARBEGONA WALA KAWADO 3532 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA ARBEGONA SHAFAMO 3434 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA ARBEGONA BURSA 3385 RURAL

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SNNP SIDAMA ARBEGONA JELDO 3130 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA ARBEGONA SAMBURA GEDEBE 3123 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA ARBEGONA RIKAME 3076 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA ARBEGONA KERO CHANCHO 3028 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA ARBEGONA CHIQO 3016 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA ARBEGONA DENTO DERARA 3003 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA BENSA 261423 SNNP SIDAMA BENSA HABELESHE 7999 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA BENSA KERAMO 7859 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA BENSA SADA WARE 7649 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA BENSA HARO 7527 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA BENSA BURA 7519 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA BENSA MOKONISA 7341 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA BENSA KERISA BUDISA 7123 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA BENSA BETURO TATESA 6884 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA BENSA GONIJABE 6638 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA BENSA HAMESHO 6198 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA BURSA 102295 SNNP SIDAMA BURSA TOSA 3570 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA BURSA SHAFAME 3528 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA BURSA DADAME 3437 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA BURSA BULERACHA 3314 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA BURSA ASRADO WAYU 3287 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA BURSA GIDICHO 3210 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA BURSA SOLE CHERECHO 3158 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA BURSA TABIRO 4385 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA BURSA FIKE 2951 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA BURSA MUTANA MURSHENO 4970 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA DALE 242658 SNNP SIDAMA DALE GAJAMO 12472 URBAN SNNP SIDAMA DALE DUBA 9333 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA DALE DEGARA 9062 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA DALE DANSHE SIRE 8452 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA DALE MANCHE 7996 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA DALE WICHO 7465 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA DALE WENE NATA 4128 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA DALE BUA BEDAGELO 4035 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA DALE AWADA 3122 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA DALE DEBUB KEGE 2952 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA GORCHE 108458 SNNP SIDAMA GORCHE HRIBE WELIBATO 6315 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA GORCHE WEMEBUNEMO 5771 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA GORCHE HAYSA WITA 5530 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA GORCHE MURANCHO GALADELA 5428 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA GORCHE LUTA BONIGODO 5282 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA GORCHE GEMESO KENERA 4985 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA GORCHE GEMESO FAYTO 4837 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA GORCHE ASRADO DAMA 4769 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA GORCHE GEMISO ANO 4534 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA GORCHE DOBE DENA 4377 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA MALGA 113810 SNNP SIDAMA MALGA BORENA 7836 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA MALGA SINITARO 6997 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA MALGA KOCHO 6957 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA MALGA MELELO 6398 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA MALGA ABA KETORSHE 5796 RURAL

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SNNP SIDAMA MALGA DUNANICHO CHOFACHE 5597 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA MALGA GEREWE 5319 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA MALGA FETO KETEMUNA 5165 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA MALGA HARO 4989 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA MALGA GUGAMA BURARA 4690 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA WENSHO 91701 SNNP SIDAMA WENSHO MENAFESHA 6863 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA WENSHO HUNKUTE 6787 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA WENSHO GAJABA 6786 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA WENSHO HALEKENA 6000 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA WENSHO ANDENYA FERO 5924 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA WENSHO BOKOSSA 4785 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA WENSHO MAMENA 5328 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA WENSHO KILIYE 5312 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA WENSHO HULETEGNA FERO 7063 RURAL SNNP SIDAMA WENSHO LALAMO 4911 RURAL SNNP SILTIE DALOCHA 95569 SNNP SILTIE DALOCHA KEBELE 01 6793 RURAL SNNP SILTIE DALOCHA DALOCHA TOWN 6793 URBAN SNNP SILTIE DALOCHA GOLA KURE 6573 RURAL SNNP SILTIE DALOCHA NADUNYE LOLA 6045 RURAL SNNP SILTIE DALOCHA DUBE GODEBAMO 5136 RURAL SNNP SILTIE DALOCHA BURQA DLPA 5126 RURAL SNNP SILTIE DALOCHA JIGENA LASHO 4793 RURAL SNNP SILTIE DALOCHA EBOT TRORA 4516 RURAL SNNP SILTIE DALOCHA GERMAMA GALE 3959 RURAL SNNP SILTIE DALOCHA NADUNYE AGAMO 3373 RURAL SNNP SILTIE SILTIE 189877 SNNP SILTIE SILTIE KEBELE 01 9480 RURAL SNNP SILTIE SILTIE WERABE TOWN 9480 URBAN SNNP SILTIE SILTIE DANECH MUKERE 8544 RURAL SNNP SILTIE SILTIE ANSHOBESO 8285 RURAL SNNP SILTIE SILTIE ARAT BER 7836 RURAL SNNP SILTIE SILTIE AJIRA 7061 RURAL SNNP SILTIE SILTIE ASHUTE BURAKO 6863 RURAL SNNP SILTIE SILTIE DACHA GISILA 5913 RURAL SNNP SILTIE SILTIE ADBER WELIYA 5710 RURAL SNNP SILTIE SILTIE KERTEFA 2621 RURAL SNNP SOUTH OMO DEBUB ARI 215281 SNNP SOUTH OMO DEBUB ARI CHE GODA 4015 RURAL SNNP SOUTH OMO DEBUB ARI ZEMER 3901 RURAL SNNP SOUTH OMO DEBUB ARI ZOMBA 3881 RURAL SNNP SOUTH OMO DEBUB ARI SHESHER 3681 RURAL SNNP SOUTH OMO DEBUB ARI KEBELE 01 3621 RURAL SNNP SOUTH OMO DEBUB ARI GAZER TOWN 3621 URBAN SNNP SOUTH OMO DEBUB ARI AYDO 3567 RURAL SNNP SOUTH OMO DEBUB ARI SHEPE 3551 RURAL SNNP SOUTH OMO DEBUB ARI SHEK HUMER 3508 RURAL SNNP SOUTH OMO DEBUB ARI BOLE NIHUS 3413 RURAL SNNP WOLAYITA BOLOSO SORE 197973 SNNP WOLAYITA BOLOSO SORE AFAMA MINO 13765 URBAN SNNP WOLAYITA BOLOSO SORE AFAMA BANICHA 11466 URBAN SNNP WOLAYITA BOLOSO SORE DACHE GOFERA 6051 RURAL SNNP WOLAYITA BOLOSO SORE LEGAMA 6008 RURAL SNNP WOLAYITA BOLOSO SORE DOLA 5609 RURAL SNNP WOLAYITA BOLOSO SORE SORE HOMIBA 5522 RURAL

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SNNP WOLAYITA BOLOSO SORE TEDISA 5212 RURAL SNNP WOLAYITA BOLOSO SORE YUKORA 4969 RURAL SNNP WOLAYITA BOLOSO SORE KEBELE 03 4559 RURAL SNNP WOLAYITA BOLOSO SORE KEBELE 06 3360 RURAL SNNP WOLAYITA DAMOT SORE 106807 SNNP WOLAYITA DAMOT SORE DEGE SHEKISE 7071 RURAL SNNP WOLAYITA DAMOT SORE SORE WAMURE 6885 RURAL SNNP WOLAYITA DAMOT SORE GURIMU LADIS 6595 RURAL SNNP WOLAYITA DAMOT SORE SENIK'OWALE 6287 RURAL SNNP WOLAYITA DAMOT SORE KEBELE 01 6124 RURAL SNNP WOLAYITA DAMOT SORE GUNINO TOWN 6124 URBAN SNNP WOLAYITA DAMOT SORE ANICHUTO CHEW KARE 5768 RURAL SNNP WOLAYITA DAMOT SORE DEGE MASHDE 5590 RURAL SNNP WOLAYITA DAMOT SORE SHEYEMIBA 5266 RURAL SNNP WOLAYITA DAMOT SORE KOYISHA NARE 4376 RURAL SNNP WOLAYITA KINDO KOYISHA 106939 SNNP WOLAYITA KINDO KOYISHA BEDE WEYIDE 7469 RURAL SNNP WOLAYITA KINDO KOYISHA MANARA 6854 RURAL SNNP WOLAYITA KINDO KOYISHA GALE WARGO 6748 RURAL SNNP WOLAYITA KINDO KOYISHA BELE TOWN 6590 URBAN SNNP WOLAYITA KINDO KOYISHA AYIDA CHEMA 6491 RURAL SNNP WOLAYITA KINDO KOYISHA SORTO 3863 RURAL SNNP WOLAYITA KINDO KOYISHA KEBELE 02 3324 RURAL SNNP WOLAYITA KINDO KOYISHA KEBELE 01 3266 RURAL SNNP WOLAYITA KINDO KOYISHA SERE FINCHA 2737 RURAL SNNP WOLAYITA KINDO KOYISHA MUNDENA 2504 RURAL

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Annex 5: Map of Sampled Clusters

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Annex 6: Detailed Sample Description

Table X2: Detailed sample description Private Public Private Private Private Public not Private Drug Gen. ALL Health HEW Clinic Clinic Clinic Pharm. RDV Hospital for-profit Hospital Shop Retail Outlets Center (High) (Med.) (Low) Facility Number of outlets screened (Figure 1 Box B) 32 255 775 15 8 35 238 305 215 255 37 6,125 8,299 Addis Ababa 7 29 0 4 6 27 114 18 125 78 0 643 1,051 Amhara 9 86 236 6 1 6 56 61 43 71 4 2,071 2,650 Oromia 10 70 242 4 1 2 39 161 36 68 18 1,835 2,486 SNNP 6 70 297 5 0 0 29 65 11 38 15 1,576 2,112 Number of outlets eligible and interviewed (Figure 1 Box D) 31 251 759 10 8 32 209 284 215 250 34 0 2,085 Addis Ababa 7 29 0 3 6 24 91 15 125 76 0 0 378 Amhara 8 85 234 5 1 6 55 60 43 70 3 0 569 Oromia 10 70 237 2 1 2 35 155 36 67 19 0 634 SNNP 6 68 288 0 0 0 28 54 11 37 12 0 504 Number of outlets eligible but not interviewed 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 (interview non-participation) Addis Ababa 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 Amhara 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Oromia 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 SNNP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Number of interviewed outlets with at least one modern contraceptive (excluding condoms) on the day of the survey (Figure 1, Box D1) 30 251 752 8 7 25 189 252 215 249 32 0 2,011 Addis Ababa 7 29 0 1 5 19 77 12 125 76 0 0 351 Amhara 7 84 234 5 1 5 54 57 43 69 3 0 562 Oromia 6 70 234 2 1 1 32 136 36 67 17 0 606 SNNP 6 68 285 0 0 0 26 47 11 37 12 0 492 Number of interviewed outlets with at least one modern contraceptive (excluding condoms) in stock on the day of the survey or at least one modern contraceptive (excluding condoms) reportedly in stock in the previous 3 months (Figure 1 sum of Box 1 and Box 2) 30 251 743 8 8 25 195 267 215 250 33 0 2,041 Addis Ababa 7 29 0 1 6 19 79 12 125 76 0 0 354

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Table X2: Detailed sample description Private Public Private Private Private Public not Private Drug Gen. ALL Health HEW Clinic Clinic Clinic Pharm. RDV Hospital for-profit Hospital Shop Retail Outlets Center (High) (Med.) (Low) Facility Amhara 7 84 234 5 1 5 54 60 43 70 3 0 566 Oromia 10 70 237 2 1 1 35 145 36 67 18 0 622 SNNP 6 68 288 0 0 0 27 50 11 37 12 0 499 Number of interviewed outlets that provide associated FP services, but do not stock modern contraceptives (excluding condoms) (Figure 1 Box D3) 1 0 0 2 0 7 14 17 0 0 0 0 41 Addis Ababa 0 0 0 2 0 5 12 3 0 0 0 0 22 Amhara 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 Oromia 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 10 0 0 0 0 11 SNNP 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 0 5 Source: FPwatch Outlet Survey, Ethiopia, 2014.

www.FPwatch.info Page 107 OUTLET ID: [___|___]- [___]-[___|___]-[___|___]-[___|___|___]

Annex 7: Questionnaire FPwatch Outlet Survey ETHIOPIA 2015

Section 1: Census Information: Interviewer completes this section for ALL OUTLETS!

Outlet ID (Interviewer-Region-Woreda-Kebele-Outlet ID) [___|___]- [___]-[___|___]-[___|___]-[___|___|___] C1. Today’s date (dd/mm/yyyy) [___|___]-[___|___]-[ 2| 0 | 1 | 5 ] C2. Interviewer’s name C2a. Interviewer’s code

[______] [___|___] C3. Region C3a. Region code

1 = Addis Ababa 2 = Amhara [___] 3 = Oromia 4 = SNNPR C4. Woreda (sub-city for Addis Ababa) C4a. Woreda code

[______] [___|___] C5. Kebele C5a. Kebele code

[______] [___|___] C6. Village/street

[______] C7. Name of outlet ( If no name, record “no name.”) C7a. Outlet code

[______] [___|___|___]

C8. Type of Outlet

01 = Specialized Referral Hospital 21 = Private for-profit hospital 41 = General store/supermarket 02 = Regional Referral Hospital 22 = Private for-profit higher 42 = Market stall/kiosk clinic 03 = District Hospital 04 = Public Health Centre 23 = Private for-profit medium 96 = Other (specify) 05 = Public Health Post/HEW clinic 06 = HEW no Health Post 24 = Private for-profit lower clinic [______] [___|___]

07 = Public pharmacy 31 = Private Pharmacy 11 = NGO/Mission Hospital 32 = Drug Shop 12 = NGO/Mission Health Center 33 = Rural Drug Vendor 13 = NGO/Mission Health Clinic 14 = NGO/mission pharmacy

(READ TO OUTLET PROVIDER)

Hello, my name is ______, I work on behalf of Population Services International. We are conducting a study on the availability of family planning products and services. The results will be used to improve the availability of modern family planning products and services in Ethiopia. I would like to ask you a few questions to see if you could be part of the survey. We will also ask a few questions about ORS, zinc and amoxicillin at the end of the interview. The interview will take approximately 10 minutes to one hour, depending on the availability and number of family planning methods at this location.

We are not here to inspect your business and no information about this specific outlet will be passed on to the regulatory authorities. We will not share individual information about you or other participants with anyone beyond our research team.

Participation in this study is voluntary. You are free to decide if you want to take part or not. If you do agree, you can change your mind at any time. You can refuse to answer any specific questions, or stop the interview at any time. If you choose not to answer a question, stop the interview or even not participate at all in the study, it will not affect your working conditions today or in the future.

www.FPwatch.info Page 108 OUTLET ID: [___|___]- [___]-[___|___]-[___|___]-[___|___|___] Section 2: Condoms: Interviewer completes this section for ALL OUTLETS! (Read to the provider): I have just a few questions for you about availability of condoms. CON1. Do you have any MALE condoms available at this location today? (Show Condom PROMPT 1 = Yes CARD.) 0 = No  GO TO CON6

[___]

CON2. What brands of MALE condoms do you have in stock today? (Show Condom PROMPT CARD.) 1 = Yes

0 = No 8 = Don’t know

i. Sensation (INCLUDING ALL FLAVORS.) [___] ii. Hiwot Trust [___] iii. Members Only [___] iv. Other brand1, (specify): [______] [___] v. Other brand2, (specify): [______] [___] CON3. What is the MOST COMMON BRAND of MALE condom you sell to individual consumers?

1 = Sensation (specify flavor): [______] 2 = Hiwot Trust [___] 3 = Members Only 4 = Other (specify): [______] 8 = Don’t know 9 = Refused CON4. What is the price for the MOST COMMON BRAND of MALE condom (listed in CON3) you sell to individual consumers? (If condoms are sold individually, record ‘01’ for package size.)

This outlet sells a package of [___|___] condom(s) for [___|___|___] Eth Birr. 98 = Don’t know 998 = Don’t know 99 = Refused 999 = Refused 000 = Free CON5. How many MALE condoms OF ALL BRANDS total have you sold to individual consumers at this location in the LAST 7 DAYS?

This outlet sold [___|___|___|___|___] individual condoms in the LAST 7 DAYS. 99998 = Don’t know 99999 = Refused CON6. Do you have any FEMALE condoms available at this location today? (Show Condom PROMPT 1 = Yes CARD.) 0 = No  GO TO SECTION 3

[___]

CON7. What brands of FEMALE condoms do you have in stock today? (Show Condom PROMPT 1 = Yes

CARD.) 0 = No 8 = Don’t know

i. fc2 [___] ii. Other brand, (specify): [______] [___] CON8. What is the MOST COMMON BRAND of FEMALE condom you sell to individual consumers?

1 = fc2 [___] 2 = Other (specify): [______] 8 = Don’t know 9 = Refused CON9. What is the price for the MOST COMMON BRAND of FEMALE condom (listed in CON8) you sell to individual consumers? (If condoms are sold individually, record ‘01’ for package size.)

This outlet sells a package of [___|___] condom(s) for [___|___|___] Eth Birr. 98 = Don’t know 998 = Don’t know 99 = Refused 999 = Refused www.FPwatch.info Page 109 OUTLET ID: [___|___]- [___]-[___|___]-[___|___]-[___|___|___] 000 = Free CON10. How many FEMALE condoms OF ALL BRANDS total have you sold to individual consumers at this location in the LAST 7 DAYS?

This outlet sold [___|___|___|___|___] individual condoms in the LAST 7 DAYS. 99998 = Don’t know 99999 = Refused

INTERVIEWER: GO TO SECTION 3

Section 3: ORS, Zinc & Amoxicillin: Interviewer completes this section for ALL outlets. Read to the provider: I have just a few questions for you about availability of treatments for diarrhea and pneumonia. ORS1. Do you have any oral rehydration salts, also known as ORS in stock today? (Show ORS PROMPT CARD.) 1 = Yes [___] 0 = No ORS2. Do you have any zinc tablets for treatment of diarrhea in children in stock today? (Show Zinc PROMPT CARD.) [___] 1 = Yes 0 = No  GO TO AB1

ORS3. Which strength of zinc tablets for treatment of diarrhea in children do you have in stock today? 1 = Yes (Read list, select ALL that apply.) 0 = No 8 = Don’t know

i. 10mg [___] ii. 20mg [___] iii. Other, (specify): [______] [___] ORS4. Do you have any ORS that is packaged together with zinc treatment for diarrhea in children in stock today? (SHOW ORS/ZINC PROMPT CARD.) [___] 1 = Yes 0 = No AB1. Do you have any antibiotics in stock today? 1 = Yes [___] 0 = No AB2. Do you have any amoxicillin dispersible tablets, also known as Amax DT? (Show Amax DT PROMPT CARD. Ask to see the product and verify that it is dispersible amoxicillin.) [___] 1 = Yes 0 = No  GO TO AB4

AB3. Which strength of amoxicillin dispersible tablets, also known as Amax DT, do you have in stock 1 = Yes today? (READ LIST, select ALL that apply) 0 = No 8 = Don’t know

i. 125mg [___] ii. 250mg [___] iii. Other, (specify): [______] [___] AB4. Do you have any amoxicillin syrups or suspensions? (Show Amax syrups and suspensions PROMPT CARD. Ask to see the product and verify that it is an amoxicillin syrup or suspension.) [___] 1 = Yes 0 = No  GO TO C9 – RESULT OF VISIT

AB5. Which strength of amoxicillin syrup or suspension do you have in stock today? (READ LIST, select 1 = Yes

ALL that apply) 0 = No 8 = Don’t know

i. 125mg / 5mL [___] ii. 250mg / 5mL [___] iii. Other, (specify): [______] [___] INTERVIEWER: GO TO SECTION 4 www.FPwatch.info Page 110 OUTLET ID: [___|___]- [___]-[___|___]-[___|___]-[___|___|___]

Section 4: Screening & Eligibility: Interviewer completes this section for ALL OUTLETS! S1. Do you have any of the following family planning products available at this 1 = Yes (IF AT LEAST ONE AVAILABLE)  location TODAY? (Read all options and show PROMPT CARDS for each.) PROVIDE INFORMATION SHEET & GAIN CONSENT. RECORD START TIME IN C9. A. Oral contraceptive tablets GO TO SECTION 5: FAMILY PLANNING B. Emergency contraceptive tablets PRODUCT AUDIT. C. Injectable contraceptives 0 = No (NONE AVAILABLE)

D. Contraceptive implants [___] E. Contraceptive IUDs S2. Are there any of the following family planning products that are out of stock 1 = Yes (IF AT LEAST ONE OUT OF today, but that you stocked in the PAST 3 MONTHS at this location? (Read all STOCK)  PROVIDE INFORMATION options and show PROMPT CARDS for each.) SHEET & GAIN CONSENT. RECORD START TIME IN C9. GO TO SECTION 5, QUESTION A15. A. Oral contraceptive tablets 0 = No B. Emergency contraceptive tablets

C. Injectable contraceptives D. Contraceptive implants E. Contraceptive IUDs [___] S3. Do you provide any of the following family planning services at this location? 1 = Yes (IF AT LEAST ONE AVAILABLE)  (Read all options.) PROVIDE INFORMATION SHEET & GAIN CONSENT. RECORD START TIME IN C9. A. Insertion/removal of contraceptive implants GO TO SECTION 6: PROVIDER B. Insertion/removal of contraceptive IUDs INTERVIEW 0 = No  GO TO C9—RESULT OF VISIT C. Female sterilizations

D. Male sterilizations [___]

www.FPwatch.info Page 111 OUTLET ID: [___|___]- [___]-[___|___]-[___|___]-[___|___|___] C9. Result of visit(s). Date Visit 1 Visit 2 Visit 3 (did/mm/my) [___|___]-[___|___]-[ 1 | 5 ] [___|___]-[___|___]-[ 1 | 5 ] [___|___]-[___|___]-[ 1 | 5 ] Time started (RECORD IN ETHIOPIAN TIME) [___|___]:[___|___] [___|___]:[___|___] [___|___]:[___|___]

Time completed (RECORD IN ETHIOPIAN TIME) [___|___]:[___|___] [___|___]:[___|___] [___|___]:[___|___] Result [___|___] [___|___] [___|___] 01 = Outlet eligible & survey completed  GO TO E1 02 = Outlet ineligible: does not meet any screening criteria  GO TO E1 03 = Interview interrupted  GO TO C11 04 = Respondent not available/time not convenient  GO TO C11 05 = Outlet not open at the time  GO TO C11 06 = Outlet closed permanently  GO TO E1 96 = Other (specify):[______] 99 = Refused  GO TO C10 C10. If the provider refused, why?

1 = Customer load (Ask respondent for a time they would prefer to be interviewed and note in C11.) 2 = Thinks it’s an inspection / nervous about license  GO TO E1 [___] 3 = Not interested  GO TO E1 6 = Other (specify):[______] 9 = Refuses to give reason  GO TO E1 C11. Use this space to record call back details. If it is not possible to complete the interview at another time, Go to E1.

INTERVIEWER: GO TO SECTION E: ENDING THE INTERVIEW

Section E: Ending the interview E1. Name of interviewee:

5 = Not applicable, no respondent; 9 = Refused [___] E2. Physical address or location identifiers of outlet (not PO box) E3. Telephone number (Give detailed description that will help supervisor to find the 9999999995 = Not applicable: no respondent outlet.) or has no telephone 9999999999 = Refused

[___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___]

E4.Latitude: [ N ]-[___|___|___]-[___|___|___|___|___] E5.Longitude: [ E ]-[___|___|___]-[___|___|___|___|___]

THANK THE PROVIDER AND END INTERVIEW

www.FPwatch.info Page 112 OUTLET ID: [___|___]- [___]-[___|___]-[___|___]-[___|___|___] Section 5: Family Planning Product & Service Audit Before Going to the Full Interview ensure you have given the respondent a study information sheet, explained the study and obtained informed consent. (READ TO THE PROVIDER) FOR INTERVIEWER Can you please show us the full range of family planning products that you ONLY, HAVE YOU currently have in stock? Do you currently have any of the following? SHOWN THE PROVIDER (SHOW PROMPT CARDS FOR EACH OPTION) PROMPT CARDS?

1 = YES 0 = NO

1. Rapid pregnancy test kits, birth control patches, birth control rings, Cycle [___] Beads, diaphragms, vaginal foaming tablets 2. Oral contraceptive tablets such as Choice, Style, plan, Microgynon, Microlut [___] brands 3. Emergency contraceptive tablets such as Postpill, Emcon brands [___] 4. Early term medical abortion tablets with misoprostol such as Safe-T, [___] MariSafe brands 5. Injectable contraceptives such as Confidence, Famy-Depo brands [___] 6. Contraceptive implants such as Trust, Implanon, Jadelle brands [___] 7. Contraceptive IUDs such as U-Kare, Longact Copper-T, and hormonal-based [___] brands Different product audit sheets will be used to record the product information based on the form and brand of product. Separate the family planning products into four piles:  The first pile should contain one of each brand of all non-drug family products available at the outlet including: rapid pregnancy test kits, CycleBeads and/or diaphragms. Use the FP Non-Drug Audit Sheet to record.  The second pile should contain one of each brand of all oral contraceptive tablets available at the outlet including: oral contraceptives and/or emergency contraceptives. If early-term medical abortion tablets (containing misoprostol), birth control patches and/or vaginal foaming tablets are available, include in this pile. Early-term medical abortion tablets containing misoprostol may be located in a different department of the outlet/facility. Use the FP Tablet Audit Sheet to record.  The third pile should contain of one of each brand of all injectable contraceptives available at the outlet. Use the FP Injection Audit Sheet to record.  The fourth pile should contain of one of each brand of all contraceptive implants and IUDs available at the outlet. If vaginal birth control rings are available, include in this pile. Use the FP Insertion Audit Sheet to record. If additional audit sheets are used, add these sheets after the ones provided and staple the questionnaire again. All pages should be in order before you move on to the next outlet. Number each family planning product by assigning a Product Number (starting from 1 for FP ND, again from 1 for FP TAB and so on). Number each audit sheet used in the spaces provided at the bottom of the page.

(READ TO THE PROVIDER)

www.FPwatch.info Page 113 OUTLET ID: [___|___]- [___]-[___|___]-[___|___]-[___|___|___] We will be asking some questions about sales/distribution of family planning products over the last one month. If you have sales records, it would be helpful if you check the records for figures during the interview. We will not be looking at your records for sales when we are auditing products. Does this outlet keep records of sales/distribution of family planning products?

A0. (FOR INTERVIEWER ONLY). Does outlet collect facility-level records of family planning products sold and/or services provided? 1 = Outlet keeps records [___] 0 = Outlet does not keep records 8 = Don’t know

(READ TO THE PROVIDER) In some outlets/facilities, family planning products including those identified that might also located in other departments. Are family planning products sold/distributed in other areas or departments at this outlet/facility?

A0a. (FOR INTERVIEWER ONLY). Are family planning products located in any other areas or departments in this outlet? 1 = Yes  GO TO A0b. [___] 0 = No  BEGIN AUDITS SECTION 8 = Don’t know  BEGIN AUDITS SECTION

(READ TO THE PROVIDER) Can you tell me other department or areas in this outlet/facility where we might find family planning products?

A0b. (FOR INTERVIEWER ONLY). LOOK AT SUB-OUTLET CODE LIST. CIRCLE DEPARTMENTS WITH ADDITIONAL FAMILY PLANNING PRODUCTS?

X E M A G N D L Z (specify) [______] Z (specify) [______]

INTERVIEWER: MAKE SURE TO VISIT ALL DEPARTMENTS LISTED.

In all outlets, complete the Sub-Outlet Code (as well as the Product Number) for each drug audited. These codes are listed below.

SUB-OUTLET CODES X ALL outlets that have only ONE dispensing/distribution point for medicines/diagnostics

A Outpatient department / dispensary / Main pharmacy (if used by all patients)

D Antenatal / maternity clinic / MCH E ART / HIV/AIDS clinic G Private dispensing unit within a public health facility L Laboratory M Postnatal / family planning clinic

N Maternity ward

Z Other (specify the type in the space for audit comments – ND 10, TAB 11, INJ 14 or INS 15)

www.FPwatch.info Page 114 FP NON-DRUG AUDIT SHEET (ND): INCLUDES CYCLEBEADS, DIAPHRAGMS, PREGNANCY TEST KITS OUTLET ID: [___|___]- [___]-[___|___]-[___|___]-[___|___|___] Sub- 1. Non-drug type 2. Brand name 3. Manufacturer 4. Country of manufacture 5. Amount sold/distributed in the last 1 MONTH to INDIVIDUAL outlet CONSUMERS code 1 = CycleBeads 2 = Diaphragm This outlet sold [___|___|___|___] CycleBeads / diaphragms / test [_____] 3 = Rapid kits in the last 1 MONTH. ______pregnancy test kit Product number Refused = 9997 [___] Don’t know = 9998 [__|__]

5a. Source of information for amount sold

0 = Provider recall 1 = Outlet records

[___|___|___] [___] 6. Stocked out at 7. Retail selling price 8. Wholesale purchase price 9. Supplier 10. Comments any point in the For the outlet’s MOST RECENT (Ask provider) From where do you get past 3 MONTHS? wholesale purchase. your supply for this brand for your [___|___] most recent purchase? 1 = Yes [___|___|___|___] 0 = No CycleBeads / diaphragms / test kits 1 = Local wholesaler/private importer 8 = Don’t know cost an individual customer CycleBeads / diaphragms / test kits 2 = Regional/zonal/woreda health cost office

3 = PFSA [___|___|___|___].[___|___] 4 = NGO [___] Eth Birr [___|___|___|___|___].[___|___] 5 = Other, (specify): Eth Birr [______] Free = 0000.00 6 = Don’t know Refused = 9997.00 Free = 00000.00

Don’t know = 9998.00 Refused = 99997.00

Don’t know = 99998.00 [___]

FP Non-Drug Audit Sheet [__|__] of [__|__]

www.FPwatch.info Page 115 FP TABLET AUDIT SHEET (TAB): INCLUDES OCS, ECS, PATCHES, FOAMING TABLETS OUTLET ID: [___|___]- [___]-[___|___]-[___|___]-[___|___|___] Sub- 1. Tablet type 2. Brand name 3. Generic name 3a. Strength1 3b. Strength2 3c. Strength3 3d. Units outlet

code 1 = contraceptive A. [__|__|__].[__|__|__] [__|__|__].[__|__|__] [__|__|__].[__|__|__] [___] [__|__] tablets [_____] 2 = misoprostol [__|__|__].[__|__|__] [__|__|__].[__|__|__] [__|__|__].[__|__|__] [___] ______tablets B. [__|__] Product 3 = birth control number patch C. [__|__|__].[__|__|__] [__|__|__].[__|__|__] [__|__|__].[__|__|__] [___] [__|__] 4 = vaginal [__|__] foaming tablets 1 = mg

[___|___] [___|___] [___|___] 2 = μg or mcg

[___] [__|__] tablets. tablets. tablets. 4. Manufacturer 5. Country of manufacture 6. Package size 7. Amount sold/distributed in the last 1 MONTH to INDIVIDUAL CONSUMERS 8. Stocked out at (For tablets, 1 package = 1 (Record # of BLISTER packages OR # of TABLETS sold/distributed) any point in the BLISTER package of X past 3 MONTHS? tablets) This outlet sold/distributed [___|___|___|___] blister packages in the last 1 month. 1 = Yes There are a total of OR 0 = No 8 = Don’t know [___|___] This outlet sold [___|___|___|___] individual tablets in the last 1 month.

tablets in each blister package. Not Applicable = 9995 Refused = 9997 [___] Don’t know = 9998 7a. Source of information for amount sold

0 = Provider recall 1 = Outlet records

[___|___|___] [___] 9. Retail selling price 10. Wholesale purchase price 11. Supplier 12. Comments (Record for # of TABLETS) For the outlet’s MOST RECENT wholesale (Ask provider) From where do you get your supply purchase (Record # of BLISTER packages) for this brand for your most recent purchase?

[___|___|___] 1 = Local wholesaler/private importer individual tablets cost an individual [___|___|___] 2 = Regional/zonal/woreda health office customer blister packages cost 3 = PFSA 4 = NGO [___|___|___].[___|___] Eth Birr [___|___|___|___].[___|___] Eth Birr 5 = Other, (specify): [______] Free = 000.00 Free = 0000.00 6 = Don’t know Refused = 997.00 Refused = 9997.00 Don’t know = 998.00 Don’t know = 9998.00 [___]

FP Tablet Audit Sheet [___|___] of [___|___] REFERENCE FOR QUESTION 9: 3 x 21 = 63 3 x 28 = 84 3 x 35 = 105

www.FPwatch.info Page 116 FP INJECTION AUDIT SHEET (INJ): INCLUDES INJECTABLES OUTLET ID: [___|___]- [___]-[___|___]-[___|___]-[___|___|___] Sub- 1. Brand name 2. Generic name 2a. Strength per mL 3. Manufacturer 4. Country of manufacture outlet code A. [__|__] [__|__|__].[__] mg / [__|__].[__|__] mL

[_____]

______[__|__] B. [__|__|__].[__] mg / [__|__].[__|__] mL

Product number [__|__] [___|___|___]

[__|__] 5. Package size 6. Package 7. Amount sold/distributed in the last 1 MONTH 8. Stocked out at 9. Do you, or other staff, perform injection services for 10. How many injection procedures contents to INDIVIDUAL CONSUMERS (Record # of any point in the this brand of injectable at this outlet/facility? have been conducted at this There are a total of Does package with ampoules/vials described in Q5) past 3 MONTHS? outlet/facility in the LAST 1 MONTH? ampoule/vial 1 = Yes [___|___|___].[__|__] contain disposable This outlet sold/distributed 1 = Yes 0 = No  GO TO Q11 needle for 0 = No 8 = Don’t know GO TO Q11 [___|___|___|___] mL in each injection? (Show [___|___|___|___] 8 = Don’t know PROMPT card) [___] Refused = 9997 ampoule/vial. ampoules/vials in the last 1 month. Don’t know = 9998

1 = Yes 9a. If yes, what is the TOTAL COST to have an injection, 10a. Source of information for # [___] 0 = No Refused = 9997 including PRODUCT COST AND SERVICE FEE? injections

Don’t know = 9998

7a. Source of information for amount sold 0 = Provider recall

[___] [___|___|___|___].[___|___] Eth Birr 1 = Outlet records 0 = Provider recall 1 = Outlet records Free = 0000.00 [___] Refused = 9997.00 [___] Don’t know = 9998.00 11. Does this outlet/facility provide this brand 12. How many injectables have been 13. Wholesale purchase price 14. Supplier 15. Comments of injectable for customers TO TAKE AWAY for sold/distributed FOR TAKE AWAY at this (Record # of vials described in Q5) (Ask provider) From where do you get injection procedures somewhere else? outlet/facility in the LAST 1 MONTH? your supply for this brand for your For the outlet’s MOST RECENT most recent purchase? 1 = Yes wholesale purchase 0 = No  GO TO Q13 [___|___|___|___] 8 = Don’t know  GO TO Q13 [___|___|___|___] 1 = Local wholesaler/private importer Refused = 9997 2 = Regional/zonal/woreda health [___] Don’t know = 9998 ampoules/vials cost office 11a. If yes, what is cost of 1 ampoule/vial for 12a. Source of information for number 3 = PFSA an INDIVIDUAL CUSTOMER? take away [___|___|___|___|___].[___|___] 4 = NGO Eth Birr 5 = Other, (specify): [___|___|___].[___|___] Eth Birr 0 = Provider recall [______] 1 = Outlet records Free = 00000.00 6 = Don’t know Free = 000.00 Refused = 99997.00 Refused = 997.00 [___] Don’t know = 99998.00 Don’t know = 998.00 [___]

FP Injection Audit Sheet [___|___] of [___|___]

www.FPwatch.info Copyright © Population Services International (PSI). All rights reserved. OUTLET ID: [___|___]- [___]-[___|___]-[___|___]-[___|___|___] Sub- 1. Type 2. Brand name (for copper 3. Generic name 3a. Strength 4. Manufacturer 5. Country of outlet IUD, record brand + length (Leave blank for copper IUD; For manufacture code 1 = Contraceptive of copper) implants, give strength per 1 rod) implant [_____] 2 = Vaginal birth

______control ring [__|__] [__|__|__].[__] mg / IUD or 1 rod Product 3 = Hormonal- number based IUD 4 = Copper-based [__|__] IUD [___] [__|__] [___|___|___] 6. Package size 7. Package contents 8. Amount sold/distributed in the last 1 9. Stocked 10. Do you, or other staff, perform insertion 11. How many insertion procedures Does package contain disposable MONTH to INDIVIDUAL CONSUMERS out at any services for this brand at this outlet/facility? have been conducted at this In each package, there applicator or trocar? (Show PROMPT (Record # of packages described in Q6) point in outlet/facility in the LAST 1 MONTH? are a total of card) the past 3 1 = Yes This outlet sold/distributed MONTHS? 0 = No  GO TO Q12 [___|___] 1 = Yes  GO TO Q8 8 = Don’t know  GO TO Q12 [___|___|___|___] 0 = No  GO TO Q7a [___|___|___] 1 = Yes number of packages in the last 1 month. 0 = No [___] Refused = 9997 [___] 8 = Don’t 10a. If yes, what is the TOTAL COST to have Don’t know = 9998 1 = Rod(s)/Implants Refused = 997 7a. Package contents know this brand inserted, including PRODUCT COST 11a. Source of information for 2 = IUD(s)  GO TO (Ask provider) Is disposable applicator Don’t know = 998 AND SERVICE FEE? number of procedures

Q8 or trocar available for this product? 8a. Source of information for amount 3 = Ring(s)  GO TO sold [___|___|___|___].[___|___] Eth Birr 0 = Provider recall Q8 1 = Yes [___] 1 = Outlet records 0 = No 0 = Provider recall Free = 0000.00 [___] [___] 1 = Outlet records Refused = 9997.00 [___] [___] Don’t know = 9998.00 12. Does this outlet/facility provide this 13. How many implants/IUDs have 14. Wholesale purchase price 15. Supplier 16. Comments brand of implant/IUD for customers TO TAKE been sold/distributed FOR TAKE (Record # of packages described in (Ask provider) From where do you AWAY for insertion procedures somewhere AWAY at this outlet/facility in the Q6) get your supply for this brand for else? LAST 1 MONTH? your most recent purchase? For the outlet’s MOST RECENT 1 = Yes [___|___|___|___] wholesale purchase 1 = Local wholesaler/private 0 = No  GO TO Q14 importer 8 = Don’t know  GO TO Q14 Refused = 9997 [___|___|___|___] 2 = Regional/zonal/woreda health [___] Don’t know = 9998 packages cost office 12a. If yes, what is cost of 1 implant/IUD for 13a. Source of information for 3 = PFSA an individual customer? number of take away [___|___|___|___|___].[___|___ 4 = NGO ] Eth Birr 5 = Other, (specify): [___|___|___].[___|___] Eth Birr 0 = Provider recall [______] 1 = Outlet records Free = 00000.00 6 = Don’t know Free = 000.00 Refused = 99997.00 Refused = 997.00 [___] Don’t know = 99998.00 Don’t know = 998.00 [___]

www.FPwatch.info Page 118 OUTLET ID: [___|___]- [___]-[___|___]-[___|___]-[___|___|___] Insertion Audit Sheet [___|___] of [___|___A15. Are there any family planning products that are out of stock today, but that you stocked in the past 3 months?

[___] 1 = Yes 0 = No  GO TO SECTION 6 8 = Don’t know  GO TO SECTION 6

A16. Do you know the names of the products that are out of stock? Will accept generic or brand names. Record one product per line.

1 = Yes, specify (brand and type of product, e.g. condom, injectable): [______] [______] [___] [______] [______] [______] [______] [______] [______] [______] [______] 0 = No

www.FPwatch.info Page 119 OUTLET ID: [___|___]- [___]-[___|___]-[___|___]-[___|___|___] INTERVIEWER: GO TO SECTION 6: PROVIDER INTERVIEW Section 6: Provider Interview This section is for the senior-most staff member who is responsible for providing family planning counseling or contraceptive injection, contraceptive implant insertion or IUD insertion procedures. Completing the questions may require speaking with more than 1 staff member at the outlet. If the respondent does not know the answer to a question in this section, ask to speak with another staff member who can provide the information.

P0. Does this outlet belong to any of the following networks: (Read all and record response.) 1 = Yes 0 = No 8 = Don’t know

i. Family Guidance Association of Ethiopia (FGAE) ii. Blue Star (Marie Stopes-MSI) [___] iii. Biruh Tesfa (Pathfinder) [___] iv. MULU Mela (Population Services International-PSI) [___] v. Any other network [___] If other, (specify): [______] [___] P1. How many days per week are family planning products provided at this outlet/facility? [___] P2. Do you provide counseling on which type of family planning methods to choose at this outlet/facility? [___] 1 = Yes 0 = No  GO TO P6 P3. Does this outlet have any job aids for counseling customers on which type of family planning method to choose? (Ask to the respondent to see job aids.)

1 = Yes, observed [___] 2 = Yes, not observed 0 = No 8 = Don’t know P4. Have you or any other current staff member at this outlet/facility received any training in the last 12 months on counseling customers on which type of family planning methods to use? (This includes pre- service training and stand-alone workshops.) [___] 1 = Yes 0 = No  GO TO P6 8 = Don’t know  GO TO P6 P5. From which organization(s) did you, or staff from this outlet/facility, receive training on counseling customers on which types of family planning methods to use?

1 = Yes, specify (name of organizations): [___] [______] [______] [______] [______] 0 = No 8 = Don’t know

P6. Does this outlet/facility provide any of the following services: (Read each procedure from the 1 = Yes following list and record responses.) 0 = No 8 = Don’t know

Contraceptive injections [___] Contraceptive implant insertion procedures [___] IUD insertion procedures [___]

IF ‘NO’ OR ‘DON’T KNOW’ FOR ALL,  GO TO P34

www.FPwatch.info Page 120 OUTLET ID: [___|___]- [___]-[___|___]-[___|___]-[___|___|___] P7. Do your responsibilities at this outlet/facility include performing any of the following services: contraceptive injections, contraceptive implant procedures and/or IUD insertion procedures?

1 = Yes CONTINUE SPEAKING WITH CURRENT RESPONDENT [___] 0 = No ASK TO SPEAK WITH THE SENIOR-MOST PERSON AT THIS OUTLET THAT IS AVAILABLE WITH ONE OR MORE OF THESE RESPONSIBILITIES 8 = Don’t know ASK TO SPEAK WITH THE SENIOR-MOST PERSON AT THIS OUTLET THAT IS AVAILABLE WITH ONE OR MORE OF THESE RESPONSIBILITIES

P8. Do your own responsibilities at this outlet/facility include providing any of the following: (Read each 1 = Yes procedure from the following and record response. Ask for each method.) 0 = No

Contraceptive injections [___] Contraceptive implant insertion procedures [___] IUD insertion procedures [___]

P9. Have you received any training in the last 2 years that included a component on performing any of 1 = Yes the following: (This includes pre-service training and stand-alone workshops. Ask for each method.) 0 = No

Injectable contraceptives [___] Contraceptive implant insertions [___] IUD insertion [___]

P10. Not including yourself, has any other current staff member at this outlet/facility received any 1 = Yes training in the last 2 years that included a component on performing any of the following: (This includes 0 = No pre-service training and stand-alone workshops. Ask for each method.) 8 = Don’t know

Contraceptive injections [___] Contraceptive implant insertions [___] IUD insertion [___] P11. Interviewer, P10 and P11. If 1 = Yes from any procedure for either of these two questions, ask: From which organization(s) did you, or staff from this facility/outlet, receive training on performing contraceptive implant insertions, IUD insertions?

1 = Yes, specify (name of organizations): [___]

[______] [______] [______] [______] 0 = No 8 = Don’t know

P12. (FOR INTERVIEWER ONLY, DON’T ASK PROVIDER.) Check question P6. 1 = Yes

Does this outlet/facility provide any of the following services: 0 = No 8 = Don’t know

Contraceptive injection procedures [___] Contraceptive implant insertion procedures [___] IUD insertion procedures [___] IF ‘NO’ OR ‘DON’T KNOW’ FOR ALL  GO TO P34 P13. Interviewer: Check P12. If 1 = Yes for contraceptive injection procedures, ask: How many days per week are contraceptive injection procedures offered at this outlet/facility? [___] If 0 = No or 8 = Don’t know  GO TO P18 P14. If a woman came in today, could she receive a contraceptive injection procedure at this outlet/facility? [___] 1 = Yes  GO TO P16 0 = No 8 = Don’t know

www.FPwatch.info Page 121 OUTLET ID: [___|___]- [___]-[___|___]-[___|___]-[___|___|___] P15. Why would a woman be unable to receive a contraceptive injection procedure today at this CIRCLE ALL THAT outlet/facility? (DO NOT READ LIST, RECORD ALL THAT APPLY.) APPLY.

Service not offered today A Trained provider not available today B Product not available today C Equipment not available/non-functional today D Individual did not meet requirements to receive procedure E Other X If other, specify: [______] P16. Does this outlet/ facility perform contraceptive injection P16a. What would be the cost for a contraceptive injection procedures for products bought at another outlet/facility? service for an injectable bought from another facility?

1 = Yes [___|___|___] Eth Birr 0 = No  GO TO P18 [___] Free = 000; Refused = 997; Don’t know = 998 P17. How many total contraceptive injection procedures have you performed at this outlet/facility in the previous 1 month?

[___|___|___] contraceptive injections

Refused = 997; Don’t know = 998 P18. Interviewer: Check P12. If 1 = Yes for contraceptive implant insertion procedures, ask: How many days per week are contraceptive implant insertion procedures offered at this outlet/facility? [___] If 0 = No or 8 = Don’t know  GO TO P23 P19. If a woman came in today, could she receive a contraceptive implant insertion procedure at this outlet/facility? [___] 1 = Yes  GO TO P21 0 = No 8 = Don’t know P20. Why would a woman be unable to receive a contraceptive implant insertion procedure to day at this CIRCLE ALL THAT outlet/facility? (DO NOT READ LIST, RECORD ALL THAT APPLY.) APPLY.

P21. Does this outlet/ facility perform contraceptive implant P21a. What would be the cost for a contraceptive implant insertion procedures for products bought at another insertion service for an implant bought from another facility? outlet/facility? [___|___|___] Eth Birr 1 = Yes 0 = No  GO TO P23 Free = 0000; Refused = 9997; Don’t know = 9998 [___]

P22. How many total contraceptive implant insertion procedures have you performed at this outlet/facility in the previous 1 month? [___|___|___] contraceptive implant insertions Refused = 997; Don’t know = 998 P23. Interviewer: Check P12. If 1 = Yes for IUD insertion procedures, ask: How many days per week are IUD insertion procedures offered at this outlet/facility? [___] If 0 = No or 8 = Don’t know  GO TO P28 P24. If a woman came in today, could she receive an IUD insertion procedure at this outlet/facility?

1 = Yes  GO TO P26 [___] 0 = No 8 = Don’t know www.FPwatch.info Page 122 OUTLET ID: [___|___]- [___]-[___|___]-[___|___]-[___|___|___] P25. Why would a woman be unable to receive an IUD insertion procedure to day at this outlet/facility? CIRCLE ALL THAT (DO NOT READ LIST, RECORD ALL THAT APPLY.) APPLY.

Service not offered today A Trained provider not available today B Product not available today C Equipment not available/non-functional today D Individual did not meet requirements to receive procedure E Other X If other, specify: [______] P26. Does this outlet/ facility perform IUD insertion P26a. What would be the cost for an IUD insertion service for procedures for products bought at another outlet/facility? an IUD bought from another facility?

1 = Yes [___|___|___] Eth Birr 0 = No  GO TO P28 [___] Free = 0000; Refused = 9997; Don’t know = 9998 P27. How many total IUD insertion procedures have you performed at this outlet/facility in the previous 1 month?

[___|___|___] IUD insertions

Refused = 997; Don’t know = 998 P28. (FOR INTERVIEWER ONLY, DON’T ASK PROVIDER.) Check Question P6. Does outlet ever provide contraceptive implant procedures? [___] 1 = Yes 0 = No  GO TO P31 P29. Does outlet/facility have a private area for providing contraceptive implant procedures? (Ask to observe.)

1 = Observed 2 = Reported, not seen [___] 0 = No 8 = Don’t know

P30. Does outlet/facility have the following equipment for providing contraceptive implant procedures: 1 = Observed (READ LIST and ask to observe equipment. When asking to locate each piece of equipment, verify each 2 = Reported, not option with PROMPT CARDS.) seen 0 = Not available 8 = Don’t know

i. Trocar (disposable or non-disposable) [___] ii. Iodine [___] iii. Scalpel with blade (for removal) [___] iv. Straight mosquito forceps (for removal) [___] P31. (FOR INTERVIEWER ONLY, DON’T ASK PROVIDER.) Check Question P6. Does outlet ever provide contraceptive implant procedures? [___] 1 = Yes 0 = No  GO TO P34

P32. Does outlet/facility have a private area for providing IUD insertion procedures? (Ask to observe.)

1 = Observed 2 = Reported, not seen [___] 0 = No 8 = Don’t know P33. Does outlet/facility have the following equipment for providing IUD insertion procedures: (READ 1 = Observed LIST and ask to observe equipment. When asking to locate each piece of equipment, verify each option 2 = Reported, not with PROMPT CARDS.) seen 0 = Not available 8 = Don’t know

i. Examination table [___]

www.FPwatch.info Page 123 OUTLET ID: [___|___]- [___]-[___|___]-[___|___]-[___|___|___] ii. Iodine [___] iii. Tenaculum [___] iv. Speculum [___] v. Uterine sound [___] vi. IUD string retriever (for removal) [___] P34. For how many years have you worked in this outlet/facility? (If less than 1 year, enter ‘01’) P35. What age are you today? (Write age in years) [___|___] 97= Refused 98 = Don’t know P36. (FOR INTERVIEWER ONLY, DON’T ASK PROVIDER.) Is respondent male or female?

1 = Male [___] 2 = Female P37. What is the highest level of education you completed? 1 = No formal education 2 = Some primary school 3 = Completed primary school 4 = Some secondary school [___] 5 = Completed secondary school 6 = Vocational school (TVET) 7 = Some university/college 8 = Completed a university/college degree P38. Have you or any other current staff member at this outlet/facility received any training in the last 12 months on the national guidelines for family planning? (This includes pre-service training and stand-alone workshops.)

[___] 1 = Yes 0 = No 8 = Don’t know

P39. Do you have any of the following health qualifications? 1 = Yes READ LIST. 0 = No

i. Pharmacist [___] ii. Medical Doctor [___] iii. Health Officer / Assistant Health Officer [___] iv. Clinical Nurse [___] v. Junior Nurse / Nurse Midwife [___] vi. Laboratory technician / Lab assistant [___] vii. Pharmacy technician / Pharmacy assistant / Druggist [___] viii. Health extension worker [___]

P40. Not including yourself, do any other people working in this outlet/facility have the following health 1 = Yes qualifications? 0 = No READ LIST. 8 = Don’t know

www.FPwatch.info Page 124 OUTLET ID: [___|___]- [___]-[___|___]-[___|___]-[___|___|___]

P41. (FOR INTERVIEWER ONLY, DON’T ASK PROVIDER.) Is this outlet a public health facility? Public health facilities include referral hospitals, health centers, district hospitals and health posts. Cross-check with QUESTION C8. [___] 1 = Yes  GO TO SECTION 7 0 = No P42. Does this outlet/facility receive free family planning products or purchase reduced-cost family planning products from a government or non-government organization? 1 = Yes [___] 0 = No  GO TO P44 8 = Don’t know  GO TO P44 P43. From where does this outlet/facility receive free or reduced cost family planning products? (DO NOT READ LIST and CIRCLE ALL that apply.)

Regional or woreda government / public health facility A DKT B MSI (Marie Stopes International-Ethiopia) C Pathfinder International D PSI (Populations Services International) E FGAE (Family Guidance Association of Ethiopia) F Other, specify [______] X P44. Has this outlet/facility received a visit within the last year from a government or non-government organization that is providing a kind of support, regulation or supervision for the outlet specifically for providing family planning products and services? [___] 1 = Yes 0 = No  GO TO P47 8 = Don’t know  GO TO P47

P45. From which organization(s) does this outlet/facility receive support, regulation or supervisory visits? (DO NOT READ LIST and CIRCLE ALL that apply.) FMHACA (Food, Medicine and Health Care Administration and Control Agency) A DKT B MSI (Marie Stopes International-Ethiopia) C Pathfinder International D PSI (Populations Services International) E FGAE (Family Guidance Association of Ethiopia) F Other, specify [______] X P46. How often does this outlet/facility receive a support, regulation or supervisor visit? 1 = One or more time per month 2 = One time per 3 months [___] 3 = One time per 6 months 4 = One time per year 5 = Other, specify [______]

P47. Does this outlet/facility record information about the number of patients that have received family planning services? 1 = Yes [___] 0 = No  GO TO SECTION 7 8 = Don’t know  GO TO SECTION 7 P48. May I see the record keeping system? (Record ‘1’ if the record keeping was observed and ‘0’ if the record keeping system was not observed.) [___] 1 = Record keeping system observed 0 = Record keeping system not observed www.FPwatch.info Page 125 OUTLET ID: [___|___]- [___]-[___|___]-[___|___]-[___|___|___] P49. Does the system record information about each individual patient (1 LINE IN THE REGISTER = 1 PATIENT)? (Ask the provider and also attempt to confirm by observing the record keeping system.) 1 = Yes [___] 0 = No 8 = Don’t know P50. Does the system keep a tally or count of the number of patients that have received a family planning service (e.g. contraceptive injection) for a certain period such as per day, per week, or per month? (Ask the provider and also attempt to confirm by observing the record keeping system.) [___] 1 = Yes 0 = No 8 = Don’t know P51. Are the numbers of patients that receive family planning services reported to any other government or non-government organizations? 1 = Yes [___] 0 = No  GO TO SECTION 7 8 = Don’t know  GO TO SECTION 7 P52. To which organizations are the numbers of patients receiving family planning services reported? (DO NOT READ LIST and CIRCLE ALL that apply.) Woreda authorities A Zonal authorities B Regional authorities C DKT D MSI (Marie Stopes International-Ethiopia) E Pathfinder International F PSI (Populations Services International) G FGAE (Family Guidance Association of Ethiopia) H Other, specify [______] X

P53. How often are the numbers of patients receiving family planning services reported?

1 = One times per month [___] 2 = One time per quarter 3 = Other, specify [______] P54. How do you share the patient data with these organizations? (READ LIST. Record ‘1’ for yes,’0’ for no.) 1 = Yes 0 = No

I. By paper form / record [___] II. By phone - text or electronic form [___] III. By phone - verbal report [___] IV. By computer - electronic form [___]

INTERVIEWER: GO TO SECTION 7: PROVIDER INTERVIEW— STERILIZATIONS

www.FPwatch.info Page 126 OUTLET ID: [___|___]- [___]-[___|___]-[___|___]-[___|___|___] Section 7: Provider Interview—Sterilizations This section is about provider training, credentials and equipment for outlets that provide male and/or female sterilizations. This may require speaking with staff from a different department or location in the facility from Section 5. Completing the questions may require speaking with more than 1 staff member at the outlet. If the respondent does not know the answer to a question in this section, ask to speak with another staff member who can provide the information.

PS1. Does this outlet/facility provide any of the following services: 1 = Yes

(Read each procedure from the following list and record responses.) 0 = No 8 = Don’t know

Male sterilization procedures [___] Female Sterilization procedures [___]

IF ‘NO’ OR ‘DON’T KNOW’ FOR BOTH  GO TO SECTION 8: AUDIT TRACKING SHEET PS2. Do your responsibilities at this outlet/facility include performing any of the following services: male or female sterilization procedures?

PS3. Have you received any training in the last 2 years that included a component on performing any of the 1 = Yes following: (This includes pre-service training and stand-alone workshops. Ask for each method.) 0 = No

Male sterilization [___] Female sterilization [___]

PS4. Not including yourself, has any other current staff member at this outlet/facility received any training in the 1 = Yes last 2 years that included a component on performing any of the following: (This includes pre-service training 0 = No and stand-alone workshops. Ask for each method.) 8 = Don’t know

Male sterilization [___] Female sterilization [___] PS5. From which organization(s) did you, or staff from this facility/outlet, receive training on performing male or female sterilizations?

1 = Yes, specify (name of organizations): [___] [______] [______] [______] [______] 0 = No 8 = Don’t know PS6. For how many years have you worked in this outlet/facility? (If less than 1 year, enter 01) [___|___] PS7. What age are you today? (Write age in years) [___|___] 97= Refused 98 = Don’t know PS8. (FOR INTERVIEWER ONLY, DON’T ASK PROVIDER.) Is respondent male or female? 1 = Male [___] 2 = Female

www.FPwatch.info Page 127 OUTLET ID: [___|___]- [___]-[___|___]-[___|___]-[___|___|___] PS9. What is the highest level of education you completed?

1 = No formal education 2 = Some primary school 3 = Completed primary school 4 = Some secondary school [___] 5 = Completed secondary school 6 = Vocational school (TVET) 7 = Some university/college 8 = Completed a university/college degree

PS10. Do you have any of the following health qualifications?: 1 = Yes READ LIST. 0 = No

I. Medical Doctor [___] II. Health Officer / Assistant Health Officer [___] III. Clinical Nurse [___]

PS11. Not including yourself, do any other people working in this outlet/facility have the following health 1 = Yes qualifications: 0 = No READ LIST. 8 = Don’t

know

I. Medical Doctor [___] II. Health Officer / Assistant Health Officer [___] III. Clinical Nurse [___]

PS12. If a man came in today, could he receive a male sterilization procedure at this outlet/facility?

1 = Yes  GO TO PS14 0 = No [___] 8 = Don’t know PS13. Why would a man be unable to receive a male sterilization procedure today at this outlet/facility? CIRCLE ALL (DO NOT READ LIST, CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY.) THAT APPLY.

Service not offered today A Trained provider not available today B Equipment not available/non-functional today C Individual did not meet requirements to receive procedure D Other X If other, specify: [______] PS14. What would be the total cost for a male sterilization procedure at this outlet/facility?

[___|___|___|___|___] Eth Birr

Free = 00000; Refused = 99997; Don’t know=99998 PS15. How many male sterilization procedures PS15a. How many male sterilization PS15b. Source of have you performed at this outlet/facility in the procedures have you performed at this information previous 1 month? outlet/facility in the previous 1 YEAR? 0 = Provider recall [___|___|___] male sterilizations [___|___|___] male sterilizations 1 = Outlet records

Refused = 997; Don’t know=998 Refused = 997; Don’t know=998 [___] PS16. If a woman came in today, could she receive a female sterilization procedure at this outlet/facility?

1 = Yes  GO TO P18 0 = No [___] 8 = Don’t know

www.FPwatch.info Page 128 OUTLET ID: [___|___]- [___]-[___|___]-[___|___]-[___|___|___] PS17. Why would a woman be unable to receive a female sterilization procedure today at this outlet/facility? CIRCLE ALL (DO NOT READ LIST. CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY.) THAT APPLY

Service not offered today A Trained provider not available today B Equipment not available/non-functional today C Individual did not meet requirements to receive procedure D Other X If other, specify: [______] PS18. What would be the total cost for a female sterilization procedure at this outlet/facility?

[___|___|___|___|___] Eth Birr

Free = 00000; Refused = 99997; Don’t know=99998 PS19. How many female sterilization procedures PS19a. How many female sterilization PS19b. Source of have you performed at this outlet/facility in the procedures have you performed at this information previous 1 month? outlet/facility in the previous 1 YEAR? 0 = Provider recall [___|___|___] female sterilizations [___|___|___] female sterilizations 1 = Outlet records

Refused = 997; Don’t know=998 Refused = 997; Don’t know=998 [___]

PS20. Do you perform the following types of female sterilization procedures at this outlet/facility:? 1 = Yes (READ LIST AND RECORD FOR ALL RESPONSES.) 0 = No 8 = Don’t know

i. Minilaparotomy [___] ii. Laparascopy [___] iii. Trans-cervical [___] iv. Other [___] If other, specify: [______] PS21. Does outlet/facility have a private room for providing female sterilization procedures? (Ask to observe room.)

1 = Observed [___] 2 = Reported, not seen 0 = No 8 = Don’t know

PS22. Does outlet/facility have the following equipment for providing female sterilization procedures: 1 = Observed (READ LIST and ask to observe equipment. When asking to locate each piece of equipment, verify each 2 = Reported, not option with PROMPT CARDS.) seen 0 = Not available 8 = Don’t know

i. Surgical/examination table [___] ii. Blood pressure apparatus [___] iii. Lidocaine [___] iv. Sterile needle with syringe [___] v. Scalpel with blade [___] vi. Uterine elevator [___] vii. Tubal hook [___]

PS23. Do you perform the following types of male sterilization procedures at this outlet/facility:? 1 = Yes (READ LIST AND RECORD FOR ALL RESPONSES.) 0 = No 8 = Don’t know i. Scalpel vasectomy [___] ii. No-scalpel vasectomy [___] iii. Other [___] If other, specify: [______]

www.FPwatch.info Page 129 OUTLET ID: [___|___]- [___]-[___|___]-[___|___]-[___|___|___] PS24. Does outlet/facility have a private room for providing male sterilization procedures? (Ask to observe room.)

1 = Observed [___] 2 = Reported, not seen 0 = No 8 = Don’t know PS25. Does outlet/facility have the following equipment for providing male sterilization procedures: 1 = Observed (READ LIST and ask to observe equipment. When asking to locate each piece of equipment, verify each 2 = Reported, not option with PROMPT CARDS.) seen 0 = Not available 8 = Don’t know

i. Surgical/examination table [___] ii. Lidocaine [___] iii. Sterile needle with syringe [___] iv. Scalpel with blade [___] v. Ringed clamp/forceps [___] vi. Dissecting forceps [___]

INTERVIEWER: GO TO SECTION 8. MAKE SURE TO COMPLETE THE AUDIT SHEET TRACKER ON THE NEXT PAGE THEN FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS FOR ENDING THE INTERVIEW.

www.FPwatch.info Page 130 OUTLET ID: [___|___]- [___]-[___|___]-[___|___]-[___|___|___] Section 8: Audit Tracking Sheet

T1. Were there any family planning non-drugs including CycleBeads, diaphragms and/or rapid pregnancy test kits in stock at this outlet? 1 = Yes [___] 0 = No  GO TO T4 8 = Don’t know  GO TO T4 T2. Total number of FP Non-Drug audit sheets completed? [___|___] T3. Did you complete audit sheet information for all available family planning non-drugs including CycleBeads, diaphragms and/or rapid pregnancy test kits? [___] 1 = Yes, audit complete 0 = No, audit not complete T4. Were there any family planning tablets including oral contraceptives, emergency contraceptives, vaginal foaming tablets and/or birth control patches in stock at this outlet? 1 = Yes [___] 0 = No  GO TO T7 8 = Don’t know  GO TO T7 T5. Total number of FP Tablet audit sheets completed? [___|___] T6. Did you complete audit sheet information for all available family planning tablets including oral contraceptives, emergency contraceptives, vaginal foaming tablets and/or birth control patches? [___] 1 = Yes, audit complete 0 = No, audit not complete T7. Were there any family planning injections including injectable contraceptives in stock at this outlet?

1 = Yes [___] 0 = No  GO TO T10 8 = Don’t know  GO TO T10 T8. Total number of FP Injection audit sheets completed? [___|___] T9. Did you complete audit sheet information for all available family planning injections including injectable contraceptives? [___] 1 = Yes, audit complete 0 = No, audit not complete T10. Were there any family planning insertions including contraceptive implants, IUDs and/or vaginal birth control rings in stock at this outlet? 1 = Yes [___] 0 = No  GO TO T13 8 = Don’t know  GO TO T13 T11. Total number of FP Insertion audit sheets completed? [___|___] T12. Did you complete audit sheet information for all available family planning insertions including contraceptive implants, IUDs and/or vaginal birth control rings? [___] 1 = Yes, audit complete 0 = No, audit not complete T13. COMMENTS: Reason for incomplete audit sheets (if response is no to T3, T6, T9, or T12):

GO TO C9 FOR ENDING INTERVIEW

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Annex 8: Detailed Brand Listing with Quality-Assurance Indications

Table X2: Total modern contraceptive product listing with quality assurance indicators Contraceptive Manufacturer (Country of WHO Prequalified Brand Formulation SRA List† FMHACA List‡ Commodity Manufacture) List* Sensation N/A Not collected N/A N/A N/A Hiwot Trust N/A Not collected N/A N/A N/A Members Only N/A Not collected N/A N/A N/A Male condoms Protector/Plus N/A Not collected N/A N/A N/A Qingdao Double Butterfly N/A Not collected N/A N/A N/A Unbranded N/A Not collected N/A N/A N/A Female condoms Fc2 N/A Not collected N/A N/A N/A Levonorgestrel 0.15mg + Famy Care LTD (India) Choice Ethinylestradiol 0.03mg x 21 pills; Yes No No Ferrous Fumarate 75mg x 7 pills Levonorgestrel 0.15mg + Bayer Schering Pharma AG (Germany) Microgynon Ed Fe Ethinylestradiol 0.03mg x 21 pills; Yes Yes No Ferrous Fumarate 75mg x 7 pills Levonorgestrel 0.15mg + Famy Care LTD (India) Oralcon-F Ethinylestradiol 0.03mg x 21 pills; Yes No No Ferrous Fumarate 75mg x 7 pills Oral contraceptives— Levonorgestrel 0.05mg + Famy Care LTD (India) Combined oral Ethinylestradiol 0.03mg x 6 pills; contraceptives Style Levonorgestrel 0.075mg + Ethinylestradiol Yes No No (COCs) 0.04mg x 5 pills; Levonorgestrel 0.125mg + Ethinylestradiol 0.03mg x 10 pills Levonorgestrel 0.05mg + Famy Care LTD (India) Ethinylestradiol 0.03mg x 6 pills; Trigestrel Levonorgestrel 0.075mg + Ethinylestradiol Yes No No 0.04mg x 5 pills; Levonorgestrel 0.125mg + Ethinylestradiol 0.03mg x 10 pills Drospirenone 3mg + Bayer Schering Pharma AG (Germany) Yasmin No No No Ethinylestradiol 0.03mg x 21 pills Oral contraceptives— Exluton Levonorgestrel 0.03mg x 35 pills NV Organon OSS (Netherlands) No Yes No Progesterone-only iPlan Levonorgestrel 0.03mg x 35 pills Famy Care LTD (India) Yes No No pills (POPs) Microlut Levonorgestrel 0.03mg x 35 pills Bayer Schering Pharma AG (Germany) No Yes No Emcon Levonorgestrel 0.75mg x 2 pills Renata LTD (Bangladesh) No No No Emergency Postinor 2 Levonorgestrel 0.75mg x 2 pills Gedeon Richter PLC (Hungary) Yes No No contraceptives Postpill Levonorgestrel 0.75mg x 2 pills Famy Care LTD (India) Yes No No www.FPwatch.info Page 132

Confidence Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 150mg/1ml ANB Labaratories Co LTD (Thailand) No No Yes Contraceptive Depo Provera Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 150mg/1ml Pfizer Manufacturing NV (Belgium) Yes No No injections Depogestin-I Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 150mg/1ml ANB Labaratories Co LTD (Thailand) No No Yes 3 month Famy-Depo Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 150mg/1ml Famy Care LTD (India) No No Yes Petogen Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 150mg/1ml Bodene Pvt LTD (South Africa) No No Yes Contraceptive Etonogestrel 68mg x 1 rod NV Organon OSS (Netherlands) Implanon Yes No No implants (3 year) Contraceptive Levonorgestrel 75mg x 2 rods Shanghai Dahua Pharm Co LTD (China) Trust (Sino Implant(II)) Yes No No implants (4 year) Contraceptive Levonorgestrel 75mg x 2 rods Bayer Schering Pharma AG (Finland) Jadelle Yes No No implants (5 year) Long Act TCu 380A N/A Pregna International LTD (India) Yes No No Copper-T IUDs Optima TCu 380A N/A Injeflex Ind Com LTD (Brazil) Yes No No Pregna TCu 380 N/A Pregna International LTD (India) Yes No No SMB TCu 380A N/A SMB Corp (India) Yes No No U Kare N/A Pregna International LTD (India) Yes No No * Internationally quality-assured; See http://apps.who.int/prequel/default.htm for list. † Internationally quality-assured; See https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/resource-pdf/20429%20UNFPA%20RFQ%20QA%20Framework_low_V11_2.pdf for list. ‡ See http://www.fmhaca.gov.et/documents/List_of_Essentisal_Medicines_Ehiopia.pdf for list. Source: FPwatch Outlet Survey, Ethiopia, 2016.

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Annex 9. Sampling Weights

Sampling weights were applied for analysis of the Ethiopia 2015 outlet survey data to account for variations in probability of selection as a result of the sampling design:

1) Stratification: Disproportionate allocation stratification was used to ensure adequate sample size within the regional domains to allow for domain-specific estimates. A representative sample was selected within each domain.

2) One-stage cluster sampling: In Addis Ababa with only kebeles and no woredas, kebeles were selected from a sampling frame with PPS. Within each kebele, a census of all outlets with the potential to sell or distribute modern contraceptives and/or provide associated contraceptive procedures was conducted.

3) Two-stage cluster sampling: In Amhara, Oromia and SNNP with both kebeles and woredas, woredas were first selected from a region-specific sampling frame with PPS. Up to 10 kebeles were then chosen at a second stage from selected woredas using PPS. Within each selected kebele, a census of all outlets with the potential to sell or distribute modern contraceptives and/or provide associated contraceptive procedures was conducted.

The sampling weights applied during analysis are the inverse of the probability of selection. For Addis Ababa (one-stage): 1 푊푖 = M a × α ∑ Mα

Where:

 Mα = estimated cluster (population size)  ΣMα = sum of estimated cluster sizes (population size) in the entire stratum  a = number of clusters selected within the stratum

For Amhara, Oromia and SNNP weights were calculated for both woreda probability of selection and kebele probability of selection. Final weights were calculated by multiplying the corresponding woreda weight by a given kebele weight:

The sampling weights applied during analysis are the inverse of the probability of selection. For Amhara, Oromia and SNNP:

1 푊푖 = D M a × α × b × α ∑ Dα ∑ Mα

Where:

1st Stage of selection:

 Dα = estimated woreda population size  ΣDα = sum of estimated woreda population sizes  a = number of woredas selected

2nd Stage of selection:  Mα = estimated kebele population size  ΣMα = sum of estimated kebele population sizes in the stratum (region)

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 b = number of kebeles selected within the district

Sampling weights are calculated at the cluster level and are applied to all outlets within a given cluster, regardless of outlet type.

The population estimates used to select wards with PPS and to create sampling weights were obtained from the 2007 census of population and housing conducted by the Central Statistical Office of Ethiopia.28 A sampling frame with population sizes was used for selecting the sample because accurate estimates on the total number of outlets per geographic/administrative unit that may be eligible for a medicine outlet survey do not exist. The major assumption in using population figures for sampling and weighting is that distribution of outlets and/or distribution of medicines moving through outlets in a given cluster is correlated with population size.

28Ethiopia CSA. 2012. 2007 Population and Housing Census—Ethiopia. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Central Statistical Authority. Addis Ababa: Ethiopia. www.FPwatch.info Page 135

Annex 10: FPwatch Indicator List

Indicator 1: Availability of at least 1 method of modern contraception

Table 1 reports the proportion of all outlets screened that had any modern contraceptive method (male/female condoms, oral contraceptives, emergency contraceptives, injectables, implants, IUDs) in stock or offering male/female sterilization procedures at the time of the survey visit. Modern contraceptive method availability is reported for national as well as for regional (Addis Ababa, Amhara, Oromia, SNNP) estimates. Availability is reported among all outlets as well as among: individual outlet types and comparing all public outlets to all private outlets.

Numerator 1. Number of outlets with any modern contraceptive commodity in stock at the time of the survey visit, as confirmed by presence of at least 1 brand/generic of 1 modern contraceptive commodity recorded in the contraceptive commodity audit section, offering male/female sterilization procedures as indicated in the service provider interview, or reporting availability of condoms in condoms module.

Denominator Number of outlets screened.

Calculation Numerator divided by denominator.

Handling All screened outlets will contribute to the denominator. This includes outlets with missing values commodities/procedures available but: 1) were not interviewed; or 2) the interview was partially completed.

Notes and Given partial or non-completion of interviews among eligible outlets and the inclusion of these outlets considerations in the denominator, these availability indicators can be considered conservative estimates of modern contraceptive method availability. Outlets that only offer procedures for injectables, implants and/or IUDs but do not have the commodity in stock, will not be counted as having the method available.

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Indicator 2: Availability of selected modern contraceptive methods

Table 2 reports the proportion of modern contraceptive commodity-stocking or procedure-providing (no contraceptive commodities available but providing injections, implant/IUD insertions and/or male/female sterilizations) outlets with specific modern contraceptive commodities in stock at the time of the survey visit. Modern contraceptive method availability, by specific methods, is reported for national as well as for regional (Addis Ababa, Amhara, Oromia, SNNP) estimates. Availability is reported among all outlets as well as among: individual outlet types and comparing all public outlets to all private outlets.

Numerator Number of outlets with X modern contraceptive commodity/procedure type in stock/available at the time of the survey visit, as confirmed by presence of at least 1 brand/generic of X modern contraceptive commodity for the commodity type recorded in the FP audit section. For condoms, this includes outlets with condoms only as indicated in the condoms module. For procedures, this includes outlets indicating availability of X service in the provider section.

Denominator Number of outlets with any modern contraceptive commodity in stock or providing any contraceptive procedure at the time of the survey visit, as confirmed by presence of at least 1 brand/generic of 1 modern contraceptive commodity recorded in the FP method audit section, reporting availability of condoms in condoms module or reporting availability of at least one modern contraceptive procedure.

Calculation Numerator for each modern contraceptive commodity/service type divided by the denominator.

Handling All outlets with any modern contraceptive method available will contribute to the denominator. This missing values includes outlets with commodities/procedures available but the interview was partially completed.

Notes and Given partial completion of interviews among outlets potentially providing modern contraceptive considerations methods and the inclusion of these outlets in the denominator, these availability indicators can be considered conservative estimates of modern contraceptive method availability.

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Indicator 3: Availability of range/diversity of modern contraceptive methods

Table 3 reports the proportion of modern contraceptive commodity-stocking and procedure-providing outlets with 3 or more modern FP methods (commodity and/or service) in stock or available at the time of the survey visit, 3 or more methods with at least one method a LARC and 5 or more methods. Method availability is reported for national as well as for regional (Addis Ababa, Amhara, Oromia, SNNP) estimates. Availability is reported among all outlets as well as among: individual outlet types and comparing all public outlets to all private outlets.

Numerator 1. Number of outlets with 3 or more modern contraceptive methods available at the time of the survey visit, as confirmed by presence of at least 1 brand/generic for any 3 or more combinations of modern contraceptive commodities (male condoms, female condoms, oral contraceptives, emergency contraceptives, injectables, implants, IUDs) recorded in the contraceptive method audit section, and/or condoms module and/or types of contraceptive procedures (male/female sterilizations) recorded in the FP provider section. 2. Number of outlets with 3 or more modern FP methods, including at least 1 LARC (implants, IUDs), available at the time of the survey visit, as confirmed by presence of at least 1 brand/generic for any 3 or more combinations, including at least 1 LARC, of modern contraceptive commodities (male condoms, female condoms, oral contraceptives, emergency contraceptives, injectables, implants, IUDs) recorded in the contraceptive audit section and/or condoms module and/or types of contraceptive procedures (male or female sterilizations) recorded in the FP provider section. 3. Number of outlets with 5 or more modern contraceptive methods available at the time of the survey visit, as confirmed by presence of at least 1 brand/generic for any 5 or more combinations of modern contraceptive commodities (male condoms, female condoms, oral contraceptives, emergency contraceptives, injectables, implants, IUDs) recorded in the contraceptive method audit section, and/or condoms module and/or types of contraceptive procedures (male/female sterilizations) recorded in the FP provider section.

Denominator 1. Number of outlets with any modern contraceptive commodity in stock or providing any contraceptive procedure at the time of the survey visit, as confirmed by presence of at least 1 brand/generic of 1 modern contraceptive commodity recorded in the contraceptive method audit section, reporting availability of condoms in condoms module or reporting availability of at least one contraceptive procedure.

Calculation Numerator divided by denominator.

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Indicator 4: Stock out in the previous 3 months

Table 4 reports the proportion of outlets screened reporting a current stock out of a method (oral contraceptives, emergency contraceptives, injectables, implants, IUDs) that the outlet has reportedly had in stock in the previous 3 months. Availability is reported among all outlets as well as among: individual outlet types and comparing all public outlets to all private outlets.

Numerator Number of outlets reporting a stock out of a method, as confirmed by report of a current stock out in the FP provider section, and the outlet does not have the method currently available, as confirmed in the contraceptive method audit section.

Denominator Number of outlets screened.

Calculation Numerator for each modern FP commodity type divided by the denominator.

Handling All outlets screened will contribute to the denominator. This includes outlets with products available missing values but the interview was partially completed.

Notes and This indicator should not be taken to represent stock outs for an entire method, as concurrent stock considerations outs for all brands of a particular modern FP method was not determined.

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Indicator 5: Modern contraceptive method market composition

Table 5 reports the distribution of outlet types among outlets: 1. With at least one modern contraceptive method available on the day of the survey. Outlet types will be broad-based (public vs. private) as well as for major outlet types by country. Market composition is reported for national as well as for regional (Addis Ababa, Amhara, Oromia, SNNP) estimates.

Numerator By outlet type, the number of outlets with any modern contraceptive method in stock at the time of the survey visit, as confirmed by presence of at least 1 brand/generic of 1 modern contraceptive method in the FP commodity audit section or condoms module or contraceptive procedure recorded in the FP provider section.

Denominator Total number of outlets with any modern contraceptive method in stock or available at the time of the survey visit, as confirmed by presence of at least 1 brand/generic of 1 modern contraceptive method (male/female condoms, oral contraceptives, emergency contraceptives, injectables implants, IUDs) recorded in the contraceptive method audit section or condoms section or type of contraceptive procedure in the FP provider section.

Calculation Numerator for each outlet type divided by the denominator.

Handling All outlets with at least 1 modern contraceptive method recorded in the contraceptive audit section missing values or reporting availability of condoms in screening section or reporting availability of at least 1 contraceptive procedure will contribute to the indicator. This includes outlets where the interview was not fully completed (partial interview).

Notes and None. considerations

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Indicator 6: Price of modern contraceptive methods

Table 6 provides the median retail price, by method, combining all brands of X method. The IQR is provided as a measure of dispersion. Commodities with a service component (injections, implant and IUD insertions) may include a procedure price in addition to the commodity cost. Methods without a commodity (male/female sterilizations) will be reported on the price of procedure only. Median price is reported for national as well as for regional (Addis Ababa, Amhara, Oromia, SNNP) estimates. Availability is reported among all private outlets as well as among individual private outlet types.

Calculation Median retail price for each modern contraceptive method price in US dollars with IQR.

Handling Contraceptive brands/generics with missing price information are excluded from the median price missing values calculation.

Notes and For methods with an associated procedure (injection, implant and IUD insertion, male/female considerations sterilization), cost will be determined for commodity (if there is commodity) and may include a service charge. Price in US dollars is calculated based on exchange rates available from www.oanda.com using the historical exchange rates tool. The average exchange rate over the entire data collection period is used for converting local currency captured during data collection to US dollars.

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Indicator 7: Price of modern contraceptive methods in CYP

Table 7 provides the median retail price of 1 CYP by method, combining all brands/generics of X method. The IQR is provided as a measure of dispersion. Commodities with a service component (injections, implant and IUD insertions) may include a procedure price in addition to the commodity cost. Methods without a commodity (male/female sterilizations) will be reported on the price of procedure only. Median price is reported for national as well as for regional (Addis Ababa, Amhara, Oromia, SNNP) estimates. Availability is reported among all private outlets as well as among individual private outlet types.

Calculation Median retail price for 1 CYP of each modern contraceptive method price in US dollars with IQR.

Handling Contraceptive brands/generics with missing price information are excluded from the median price missing values calculation.

Notes and Price per CYP will be determined by multiplying retail price by the CYP conversion factor. CYP considerations conversion factors are used from http://www.cpc.unc.edu/measure/prh/rh_indicators/specific/fp/cyp. See Annex 11 for description of CYP calculation. For methods with an associated procedure (injection, implant and IUD insertion, male/female sterilization), cost will be determined for commodity (if there is commodity) and may include a service charge. Price in US dollars is calculated based on exchange rates available from www.oanda.com using the historical exchange rates tool. The average exchange rate over the entire data collection period is used for converting local currency captured during data collection to US dollars.

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Indicator 8: Median markup percentage of modern contraceptives

Table 8 provides the median percentage markup (mean of retail price minus wholesale price) by selected methods combining the price for all brands/generics of a given method. The IQR is provided as a measure of dispersion. Median markups are reported for national as well as for regional (Addis Ababa, Amhara, Oromia, SNNP) estimates. Median markups are reported among all private outlets as well as among individual private outlet types.

Calculation Median with IQR of: [(Retail price – wholesale price)/wholesale price] x 100

Handling Brands/generics with missing retail or wholesale price information will be missing values excluded.

Notes and Given missing information among eligible outlets, potential variation for cost considerations of methods within an outlet and the difficulties in disaggregating service/procedure cost from commodity cost this indicator should be interpreted with caution.

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Indicator 9: Modern contraceptive method market share

Modern contraceptive method market share is the volume in CYP reportedly sold or distributed in the previous month for a selected contraceptive method as a percentage of the total CYP sold or distributed in the previous month across all method types. Expressed as a percentage, market share is the amount of a specific contraceptive method sold/distributed by a specific outlet type relative to the entire contraceptive market (total volume in CYP across all method types). Totals are reported per modern contraceptive method type. Across modern contraceptive method types, percentages in the entire table sum to 100% (the total market). Method market shares are reported for national as well as for regional (Addis Ababa, Amhara, Oromia, SNNP) estimates.

Numerator Total number of CYPs sold/distributed for X method and Y outlet.

Denominator Total number of CYP sold/distributed for all methods.

Calculation Numerator divided by denominator.

Handling CYPs sold/distributed are calculated among audited modern contraceptive methods with complete missing values and consistent information. Modern contraceptive methods with incomplete or inconsistent information among key variables that define CYP sold/distributed (package size, amount sold/distributed) are excluded from the calculation.

Notes and See description of CYP calculation in Annex 11. considerations

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Indicator 10: Modern contraceptive market share within outlet types

Outlet market share is the volume in CYP reportedly sold or distributed in the previous month for a selected method type as a percentage of the total CYP sold or distributed in the previous month across within a given outlet type. Expressed as a percentage, market share is the volume in CYP sold/distributed for a given method relative to the total volume in CYP for that a given outlet type. Outlet types will be broad-based (public vs. private) as well as for major outlet types by country. Within outlet categories, percentages sum to 100% (the total market). Outlet market shares are reported for national as well as for regional (Addis Ababa, Amhara, Oromia, SNNP) estimates.

Numerator Total number of CYPs sold/distributed for X method in Y outlet.

Denominator Total number of CYP sold/distributed in Y outlet category.

Calculation Numerator divided by denominator.

Notes and See description of CYP calculation in Annex 11. considerations

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Indicator 11: Availability of provider skills and certification for contraceptive procedures

Table 11 provides the proportion of outlets with a trained provider available for key modern contraceptive procedures (injection, implant and IUD insertion, male/female sterilization) among: 1. All screened outlets; and 2. Outlets recorded as providing the method, regardless of legality. Proportions are reported for selected outlet types and for national as well as for regional (Addis Ababa, Amhara, Oromia, SNNP) estimates.

Numerator Number of outlets with at least 1 provider having credentials to legally provide X contraceptive procedure (injection, implant and IUD insertion, male/female sterilization).

Denominator 1. All screened outlets; and 2. Outlets reportedly providing X provider-dependent method.

Calculation Numerator divided by denominator 1 and denominator 2, for each method type.

Handling Methods with missing certification/training information will be excluded. missing values Notes and Necessary certifications for provider-dependent FP methods found in Ethiopia National Family considerations Planning Guidelines: www.moh.gov.et/family-planning.

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Indicator 12: Availability of necessary equipment for contraceptive procedures

Table 12 provides the proportion of outlets with a minimum set of necessary equipment available for contraceptive procedures (injection, implant and IUD insertion, male/female sterilization) among: 1. All screened outlets; and 2. Outlets recorded as providing the method, regardless of legality. Proportions are reported for selected outlet types and for national as well as for regional (Addis Ababa, Amhara, Oromia, SNNP) estimates.

Numerator Number of outlets reporting availability of all equipment (see list of equipment for each method below) necessary to provide X contraceptive procedure (injection, implant and IUD insertion, male/female sterilization).

Denominator 1. All screened outlets; and 2. Outlets reportedly providing X provider- dependent method.

Calculation Numerator divided by denominator 1 and denominator 2, for each method type.

Handling Methods with missing information on availability of key equipment will be missing values excluded.

Notes and Contraceptive injection procedure: Equipment: Sterile needle with syringe considerations Contraceptive implant procedure: Equipment: 1. Trocar; 2. Iodine; Equipment for Removal: 1. Scalpel with Blade (removal); 2. Straight Mosquito Forceps (removal) IUD insertion procedure: Equipment: 1. Room; 2. Examination Table; 3. Iodine; 4. Tenaculum; 5. Speculum; 6. Uterine Sound Female sterilization procedure: Equipment: 1. Room; 2. Examination Table; 3. Blood Pressure Apparatus; 4. Lidocaine; 5. Sterile Needle with Syringe; 6. Scalpel with Blade; 7. Uterine elevator; 8. Tubal Hook Male sterilization procedure: Equipment: 1. Room; 2. Examination Table; 3. Lidocaine; 4. Sterile Needle with Syringe; 5. Scalpel with Blade; 6. Ringed clamp/forceps; 7. Dissecting forceps Necessary equipment list taken from Measure Evaluation’s Family Planning and Reproductive Health Indicators Database: http://www.cpc.unc.edu/measure/prh/rh_indicators.

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Indicator 13: Full service readiness to provide contraceptive procedures

Table 13 provides the proportion of outlets with full service readiness for contraceptive procedures defined as: 1. Having at least one brand/generic of a selected contraceptive commodity available on the day of the survey (for injections, implants, IUDs); 2. Having at least one provider trained/certified for a selected method available at the outlet (for injections, implants, IUDs, sterilizations); and 3. Having a minimum, necessary set of equipment for providing a selected method available at the outlet. Outlets meeting each of these three criteria will be classified as “service ready.” Proportions are reported for selected outlet types and for national as well as for regional (Addis Ababa, Amhara, Oromia, SNNP) estimates.

Numerator Number of outlets reporting availability of commodity and provider credentials and all necessary equipment for a selected method.

Denominator 1. All screened outlets; and 2. Outlets reportedly providing X contraceptive procedure.

Calculation Numerator divided by denominator 1 and denominator 2, for each method type.

Handling Methods with missing information on availability of commodities, provider missing values credentials or key equipment will be excluded.

Notes and None. considerations

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Annex 11. Couple-Years of Protection (CYP)

Definition

Couple-years of protection (CYP) is the estimated protection provided by modern contraceptive methods during a one-year period, based upon the volume of all contraceptives sold or distributed free of charge to clients during that period. The CYP is calculated by multiplying the quantity of each method sold or distributed to clients by a conversion factor, to yield an estimate of the duration of contraceptive protection per unit of the method. The CYPs for each method are then summed over all methods to obtain a total CYP figure. CYP conversion factors are based on how a method is used, failure rates, wastage, and how many units of the method are typically needed to provide one year of contraceptive protection for a couple. The calculation takes into account that some methods, like condoms and oral contraceptives, for example, may be used incorrectly and then discarded, or that IUDs and implants may be removed before their life span is realized.

FPwatch uses the CYP as a standard unit for price and sale/distribution analyses. Updated (2011) conversion factors, endorsed by USAID, are used in analysis. Updated conversion factors are listed below and can also be accessed from http://www.cpc.unc.edu/measure/prh/rh_indicators/specific/fp/cyp.

Table X3: CYP Conversion Factors29

Contraceptive method Dose/unit used for calculating 1 CYP

Oral contraceptives 15 cycles per CYP Condoms (male and female) 120 condoms per CYP Monthly vaginal ring/patch 15 rings/patches per CYP Vaginal foaming tablets 120 tablets per CYP Depo-provera injectable 4 doses (ml) per CYP Noristerat injectable 6 doses per CYP Cyclofem monthly injectable 13 doses per CYP Copper-T 38-A IUD 4.6 CYP per IUD inserted Levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) 3.3 CYP per LNG-IUS inserted 3-year implant (e.g., Implanon) 2.5 CYP per implant 4-year implant (e.g., Sino-Implant) 3.2 CYP per implant 3.8 CYP per implant 5-year implant (e.g., Jadelle)

Emergency contraceptives 20 doses per CYP Standard days method (e.g., CycleBeads) 1.5 CYP per trained adopter Global: 10 CYP India, Bangladesh, Nepal: 13 CYP Sterilization (male and female) Other Asian Countries: 10.3 CYP Africa: 9.3 CYP

While it is recognized that the use of CYPs may over-simplify and ignore many of the complexities of consumption and use, this analytical approach was selected because it standardizes dosing across method types and across countries (which may sometimes vary) thus permitting comparisons on both prices and volumes calculated on the basis of a CYP.

Additional considerations:

 CYP primarily reflects distribution and not actual use or impact. FPwatch calculates CYP according to contraceptive commodities sold/distributed rather than procedures performed.

29Measure Evaluation. 2016. Couple-years of protection. Available from http://www.cpc.unc.edu/measure/prh/rh_indicators/specific/fp/cyp. Accessed on January 31, 2016. www.FPwatch.info Page 149

 FPwatch calculates CYP according to contraceptive commodities sold/distributed rather than procedures performed. For provider-dependent contraceptive procedures, commodities sold/distributed does not necessarily imply that these commodities have been injected or inserted. We have chosen to count CYP for commodities sold/distributed across all methods, assuming that contraceptive procedures on sold contraceptives requiring a procedure are performed.

Calculation

Price and volume data were entered according to how an outlet reported selling the contraceptive commodity. For example, if they sold oral contraceptives in packages of three blisters, they reported sales for a package of three blisters. If they sold blisters individually, there was an option to report sales by blister rather than package of three. During analysis, price and volume data were divided by how the units were sold. For example, if oral contraceptives are sold in a package of three blisters, volume and price is manipulated to give volume and price for each one unit. The units considered are those listed for CYP conversion rates. No product was sold by less than the CYP unit (e.g., by single oral contraceptive tablet vs. a blister (cycle)).

Price per CYP was determined by multiplying the given price by the CYP conversion factor (if short-acting method because all < 1 year) and dividing by the CYP conversion factor (if long-acting method because all > 1 year). Volume of CYP was determined by dividing the number of units sold by the CYP conversion factor (if short-acting method) and multiplying by the CYP conversion factor (if long-acting method). Some prices/volumes are given for an entire method that may use multiple conversion factors. For example, the volume of implants was reported by combining all 3-, 4- and 5-year implants using each of their appropriate CYP conversion factors.

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Annex 12: Contraceptive Method Volumes Table X4: Reported Contraceptive Method Volumes across All 4 Regions

Public ALL ALL CYPs sold or distributed in HEW / Health Private Health General FP METHOD Health Public / Not- Pharmacy Drug Shop Private previous 1 month by outlet Post Facility Retailer TOTAL§ Facility For-Profit† Medical‡ type and contraceptive method type* Vol CYP Vol CYP Vol CYP Vol CYP Vol CYP Vol CYP Vol CYP Vol CYP Vol CYP (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) 7215 10933 18565 3741 2405 2743 8890 2983 30438 1. Male condoms (4620, 9811) (7053, 14814) (3652, 23488) (2331, 5152) (1270, 3540) (1605, 3882) (6094, 11686) (1975, 3991) (23427, 37449) 0 3 19 1 0 0 1 - 21 2. Female condoms (0, 0) (-3, 8) (-13, 51) (0, 3) (0, 1) (0, 0) (0, 3) (-14, 56) 3408 5192 8756 5569 5769 4714 16052 - 24808 3. Oral contraceptives (2561, 4255) (4562, 5822) (7651, 9861) (3783, 7355) (2668, 8870) (3175, 6253) (11057, 21047) (19250, 30366) 3408 5192 8756 5569 5769 4714 16052 - 24808 IQA|| oral contraceptives (2561, 4255) (4562, 5822) (7651, 9861) (3783, 7355) (2668, 8870) (3175, 6253) (11057, 21047) (19250, 30366) 2872 4759 7775 5332 5260 4375 14967 - 22742 Combined (2102, 3642 (4135, 5383) (6716, 8834) (3604, 7059) (2457, 8064) (2923, 5828) (10387, 19547) (17666, 27819) 536 433 981 237 509 339 1085 - 2066 Progesterone-only (321, 751) (257, 610) (702, 1260) (108, 367) (178, 862) (175, 502) (544, 1626) (1417, 2714) 326 62 449 1034 3250 2199 6484 - 6933 4. Emergency contraceptives (193, 458) (13, 112) (249, 650) (665, 1403) (1071, 5429) (1116, 3283) (3245, 9723) (3545, 10321) IQA|| emergency 309 62 432 1026 2998 2114 6138 - 6570 contraceptives (188, 430) (13, 112) (240, 625) (683, 1370) (937, 5058) (1086, 3142) (2998, 9278) (3254, 9886) 42254 69009 113004 33506 5375 10313 49194 - 162198 5. Injectables (60595, (98720, (24345, (141277, (32594, 51914) (2559, 8190) (5547, 15080) (35973, 62416) 77423) 127287) 42667) 183119) 3949 8227 13633 2670 59 4 2763 - 16396 IQA|| injectables (2461, 5437) (5936, 10517) (10222, 17045) (737, 4663) - - (804, 4721) (11864, 20929) 177320 133560 316667 24002 347 238 24587 - 341253 6. Implants (134932, (106435, (262321, (11418, (286403, (-108, 802) (-129, 606) (12021, 37152) 219708) 160764) 371013) 36585) 396103) 177320 133560 316667 24002 347 238 24587 - 341253 IQA|| implants (134932, (106435, (262321, (11418, (286403, (-108, 802) (-129, 606) (12021, 37152) 219708) 160764) 371013) 36585) 396103) 131168 129247 263977 14107 307 38 14452 - 278428 3-year (92936, (103521, (214773, (-138, 751) (-38, 114) (229077, (5625, 22589) (5992, 22911) 169399) 154972 313181) 327779) 4-year 9167 0 10498 6312 13 200 6525 - 17023

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Table X4: Reported Contraceptive Method Volumes across All 4 Regions

Public ALL ALL CYPs sold or distributed in HEW / Health Private Health General FP METHOD Health Public / Not- Pharmacy Drug Shop Private previous 1 month by outlet Post Facility Retailer TOTAL§ Facility For-Profit† Medical‡ type and contraceptive method type* Vol CYP Vol CYP Vol CYP Vol CYP Vol CYP Vol CYP Vol CYP Vol CYP Vol CYP (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (5155, 13178) (0, 0) (5835, 15162) (1894, 10731) (-12, 37) (-96, 497) (2082, 10968) (11124, 22923) 36986 4352 42192 3582 27 - 3609 - 45801 5-year (26352, 47619) (-67, 8772) (30761, 53623) (1192, 5972) (-25, 80) (1219, 5999) (34722, 56881) 70000 1051 71598 8140 36 0 8176 - 79774 7. IUDs (Copper T) (3685, 12595) (-34, 107) (0, 0) (51937, (42270, 97729) (-731, 2833) (43539, 99656) (3724, 12628) 107610) 70000 1051 71598 8140 36 0 8176 - 79774 IQA|| IUDs (3685, 12595) (-34, 107) (0, 0) (51937, (42270, 97729) (-731, 2833) (43539, 99656) (3724, 12628) 107610) 385 - 385 0 - - 0 - 385 8. Male sterilization (-279,1049) (-279,1049) (0, 0) (0, 0) (-349, 1120) 2084 - 2084 28 - - 28 - 2113 9. Female sterilization (-223, 4391) (-223, 4391) (-26, 83) (-26, 83) (-181, 4406) 302993 219850 531527 76021 17183 20209 113413 2983 647923 OUTLET TYPE TOTAL**** (24722, (188273, (45671, (50491, (12857, (79763, (563288, (9427, 24939) (1975, 3991) 363263) 251427) 605382) 101551) 27561) 147062) 732557) * A total of 647,923 CYPs (weighted) were reportedly distributed in the previous 1 month. This is based on number of commodities reportedly sold for categories 1-7 (not number of services performed for categories 5-7) and number of sterilizations reportedly performed for categories 8-9. See Annex 11 for a description of CYP calculation. † This includes private not-for-profit outlets. ‡ This includes private health facilities, pharmacies, drug shops/RDV. This category excludes general retailers. § Row sum – CYP volume for the specified contraceptive method type. || International quality-assured (IQA) contraceptives are defined as those on the WHO Prequalification or a Stringent Regulatory Authority (SRA) list. All oral contraceptive brands and nearly all emergency contraceptive brands found in Ethiopia were internationally quality assured according to this definition. Only 1 brand of injectable met this standard. See Annex 8 for a list of all brands found in survey and quality-assurance indications. ¶ Column sum – market share for the specified outlet type.

Information was collected from 2,542 outlets on male condoms and 25 outlets on female condoms. Of these, 370 outlets with male condoms and 6 outlets with female condoms were not included in market share calculations due to incomplete or inconsistent information. A total of 2,542 oral contraceptives, 770 emergency contraceptives, 1,811 injectables, 1,338 implants and 358 IUDs were audited. Of these, 162 oral contraceptives, 54 emergency contraceptives, 58 injectables, 29 implants and 15 IUDs were not included in market share calculations due to incomplete or inconsistent information. Information was collected from 17 outlets performing male sterilizations and 21 outlets performing female sterilizations. There was no incomplete or inconsistent information from these outlets for market share calculations.

Source: FPwatch Outlet Survey, Ethiopia, 2016.