DOCSLIB.ORG

The Abundance, Migration and Management of Mule Deer in Dinosaur National Monument

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Abundance, Migration and Management of Mule Deer in Dinosaur National Monument Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-1968 The Abundance, Migration and Management of Mule Deer in Dinosaur National Monument Robert W. Franzen Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Other Life Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Franzen, Robert W., "The Abundance, Migration and Management of Mule Deer in Dinosaur National Monument" (1968). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 1685. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1685 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE ABUNDANCE, MIGRATION AND MANAGEMENT OF MULE DEER IN DINOSAUR NATIONAL MONUMENT by Robert W. Franzen A thesi.s submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Wildlife Biology Approve. d~ {\failA' Professor "'ead of Deoartment Dean ~ Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 1968 ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my sincere app-reciation to Dr. Jessop B•. Low, Leader, Utah Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, for his guidance, encouragement, and constructive criticism throughout the study period. I am grateful to the National Park Service for providing housing and many items necessary during the study. The invaluable cooperation received from the Monument staff will long be remembered. The assistance given by ranger Larry Hanneman is particularly appreciated. I also would like to thank Dr. Jim B. Grumbles for his interest and suggestions concerning the vegetation analysis methods used. The assistance and cooperation of the member agencies of the Dinosaur National Monument Cooperative Deer Study Committee proved very helpful while I was obtaining and evaluating the field data. These agencies provided necessary materials and respective agency personnel donated many hours to various phases of the study. This study could not have been initiated or carried out without the financial support of the National Park Service and the equipment of the Utah Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit. Lastly, but not least, I would like to thank Dr. Juan Spil1ett for the many hours he has spent in editing this manuscript. Robert W. Franzen iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 1 Objectives ". 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 3 Migration studies • 3 Predation .. 4 Censuses 4 Diseases and Parasites 5 Food habits 5 Winter mortality ", Herd composition and fecundity 8 THE STUDY AREA I> 10 History of the Monument 10 Fauna .. 11 Flora ., . 13 Climate 14 HISTORY OF THE MONUMENT DEER HERD 16 Winter ranges • 16 Past and present numbers 19 Winter mortality 22 Deer-bighorn sheep relationships 22 HISTORY OF LIVESTOCK GRAZING 24 METHODS AND PROCEDURES • 28 Pellet group transects 28 Vegetative utilization methods 29 Exclosures 31 Vegetative composition and density 32 Trapping and tagging 33 Tagged deer observations 34 Deer checking stations 35 Deer herd composition and density • 35 TRAPPING PROBLEMS 37 Trampled fawns 37 Broken necks 37 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Page Installation and checking of traps 37 Recaptur.es 38 - . Livestock G 38 SEASONAL MOVEMENTS 40 Yampa Bench herd G 40 Island Park herd & 46 Harpers Corner herd 51 Split Mountain her~ 56 DEER DENSITIES ON WINTER RANGES 59 WINTER RANGE CARRYING CAPACITY 61 Yampa Bench 61 Island Park 69 Harpe,r sCorner 69 Split Mountain 77 Deerlodge 80 MORTALITY FACTORS & 83 Legal hunting 83 Accidents 83 Predation 86 Starvation 87 Diseases and Parasites 90 , Illegal hunting 91 HERD COMPOSITION 92 RECOMMENDATIONS 94 SUMMARY 97 LITERATURE CITED 101 APPENDIX 107 VITA 128 v LIST OF TABLES Table Page 19 Climatological data from the weather stations in Dinosaur National Monument 15 20 Past winter deer counts made on Dinosaur National Monument 1947 to 19670 21 30 Deer days' use per acre on Yampa Bench pellet group transects during 1966 and 19670 Dinosaur National Monument 41 4. Deer counts made at various times of the year across the Yampa Bench, 1.964=19670 Dinosaur National Monument 0 42 5" Dee.r dayso use per acre on Island Park pellet group trans.ec ts during 1966 and 1967 0 Dinosaur National Monument 47 6. Deer counts made at various times of the year via vehicle in the Isl.and Park area, 1962-1967. Dinosaur National Monument- 48 7. Deer days9use per acre on Harpers Corner pellet group transects during 1966 and 1967 0 Dinosaur National Monument 53 8.. Deer counts made at various times of the year via vehicle on the Harpers Corner area, 1963-1967, Dinosaur National Monument 54 9~ Deer days'use per acre on Split Mountain pellet group transects during 1966 and 19670 Dinosaur National Monument 58 100 Deer counts made at various times of the year via vehicle on the Split Mountain area, 1965=1.967. Dinosaur National Monument 58 110 Estimates of deer populations on winter ranges within Dinosaur National Monument, 1966 and 1967 60 120 Carrying capacity for cattle, sheep and deer on the west end of the Yampa Bench, Dinosaur National Monument, 19670 63 13. Carrying capacity for cattle and deer on the east end of the Yampa Bench, Dinosaur National Monument, 1967 67 l4Q Carrying capacity for cattle and deer on the Island Park winter range, Dinosaur National Monument, 1967 70 vi LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Table Page 15. Carrying capacity for cattle and deer on the Harpers Corner range, Dinosaur National Monument, 1967 73 16. Carrying capacity for cattle and deer on the Split Mountain range, Dinosaur National Monument, 19670 78 17. Carrying capacity for cattle and deer on the Deer10dge Park range, Dinosaur National Monument, 1967~ 81 18. Deer kill for hunting units adjoining Dinosaur National Monument, 1950 to 1967 19. Analysis of 40 bobcat feces collected on the west end of the Yampa Bench during the winter of 1967, Dinosaur National Monument 88 20 0 Sex and age ratios of deer observed on the Blue Mountain summer range south of Dinosaur National Monument, 1966 and 1967 93 Appendix Forms and Tables Form 1. The "Cole" estimation method field form for determining utilization used at Dinosaur National Monument i,n 1967 108 Form 2& Tagged deer observation recording form used in the vicinity of Dinosaur National Monument 109 Table 1. Past sightings and the present status of large mammals that inhabited Dinosaur National Monument from 1825 to 1925 110 2. A summary of actual grazing use at Dinosaur National Monument from 1943 to 1966 111 3. Sightings of red streamered deer tagged on Yampa Bench during the winter of 1966 112 4. Sightings of blue streamered deer tagged in Island Park during the winter of 1967 115 5" Sightings of white streamered deer tagged on Harpers Corner during the winter of 1966 119 vii LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Table Page 6. Sightings of red streamered deer tagged on the Split Mountain range during the winter of 1965 121 7. Interpretation of the symbols used in the vegetative composition and density tables 122 8. Utilization of browse species on winter range areas within Dinosaur National Monument, as determined by actual measurement, 1966 and 1967 123 9. The "Cole" assessment of range condition and utilization at the pellet group transects on Dinosaur National Monument, April 7-12, 1967 124 10. Type of deer hunting seasons held on Colorado deer herd units 1, 2, and 10 from 1950 to 1967 126 11. Type of-deer hunting seasons held on Utah deer herd unit 26 (Ashley-Vernal) from 1950 to 1967 127 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Location of deer winter r~nges within Dinosaur National Monument 17 2. Deer migration from the Yampa Bench, 1966 and 1967 44 3. The summer distribution of the Island Park winter deer herd, 1967 50 4. Typical juniper high-lined by deer and sheep on the west end of the Yampa Bench (Warm Springs Overlook, Sept. 9, 1967) 66 5. Mountain mahogany from the east end of the Yampa Bench demonstrating heavy past hedging but recent good leader growth (Thanksgiving Gorge area, Oct. 25, 1966) • 66 6. Severely hedged bitterbrush on Harpers Corner. These plants were within 100 feet of the protected plants (Oct. 26, 1966). 75 7. Bitterbrush after one year of protection on Harpers Corner (Oct. 26, 1966) 75 8. Severely hedged mountain mahogany on Harpers Corner. This plant was within 100 feet of the protected plant 76 9. Mountain mahogany after one year of protection on Harpers Corner (Oct. 20, 1966) . 76 10. The deer hunting units that adjoin Dinosaur National Monumen't 84 ix ABSTRACT The Abundance, Migration and Management of Mule Deer in Dinosaur National Monument by Robert W. Franzen, Master of Science Utah State University, 1968 Major Professor: Dr. Jessop B. Low Department: Wildlife Resources Dinosaur National Monument, in northwestern Colorado and northeastern Utah, is comprised of 206,409 acres and contains several deer winter ranges. A need for deer studies developed because of winter deer mortality and deteriorating range conditions'on some parts of the Monument. Approximately 500 deer winter on the Yampa Bench and approximately 300 deer winter on the Island Park winter range. These are the two main winter ranges within the Monument. Deer on the Yampa Bench migrated an average of 7~3 air miles to the south and summered on the Blue Mountain Plateau during the summer of 1966 8 This Plateau is owned by the Bureau of Land Management and private indi- viduals. Deer from the Island Park winter range migrated an average of 22.6 air miles to the northwest in 1967, onto the Diamond Mountain Plateau and the Ashley National Forest. Deer tagged on the Split Mountain winter range were found to travel to the south and west.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A History of Northwest Colorado
    II* 88055956 AN ISOLATED EMPIRE BLM Library Denver Federal Center Bldg. 50, OC-521 P-O. Box 25047 Denver, CO 80225 PARE* BY FREDERIC J. ATHEARN IrORIAh ORADO STATE OFFICE BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT 1976 f- W TABLE OF CONTENTS Wb Preface. i Introduction and Chronological Summary . iv I. Northwestern Colorado Prior to Exploitation . 1 II. The Fur Trade. j_j_ III. Exploration in Northwestern Colorado, 1839-1869 23 IV. Mining and Transportation in Early Western Colorado .... 34 V. Confrontations: Settlement Versus the Ute Indians. 45 VI. Settlement in Middle Park and the Yampa Valley. 63 VII. Development of the Cattle and Sheep Industry, 1868-1920... 76 VIII. Mining and Transportation, 1890-1920 .. 91 IX. The "Moffat Road" and Northwestern Colorado, 1903-1948 . 103 X. Development of Northwestern Colorado, 1890-1940. 115 Bibliography 2&sr \)6tWet’ PREFACE Pu£Eose: This study was undertaken to provide the basis for identification and evaluation of historic resources within the Craig, Colorado District of the Bureau of Land Management. The narrative of historic activities serves as a guide and yardstick regarding what physical evidence of these activities—historic sites, structures, ruins and objects—are known or suspected to be present on the land, and evaluation of what their historical significance may be. Such information is essential in making a wide variety of land management decisions effecting historic cultural resources. Objectives: As a basic cultural resource inventory and evaluation tool, the narrative and initial inventory of known historic resources will serve a variety of objectives: 1. Provide information for basic Bureau planning docu¬ ments and land management decisions relating to cultural resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report of Operations for Flaming Gorge Dam Water Year 2013
    Annual Report of Operations For Flaming Gorge Dam Water Year 2013 U.S. Department of the Interior January 2015 Bureau of Reclamation Table of Contents Annual Report of Operations for Flaming Gorge Dam ............................................................ 1 Operational Decision Process for Water Year 2013 ................................................................. 2 Step 1: Flow Requests for Research, and Other Federal, State and Stakeholder Input ........ 2 Step 2: Development of Spring Proposal .............................................................................. 4 Step 3: Solicitation of Comments ........................................................................................ 4 Step 4: Final Decision .......................................................................................................... 4 Basin Hydrology and Operations .............................................................................................. 5 Progression of Inflow Forecasts............................................................................................ 5 Summary of Flaming Gorge Operations ............................................................................... 6 Spillway Inspection ............................................................................................................... 8 Flow Objectives Achieved in Water Year 2013 ....................................................................... 8 Spring Flow Objectives......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • National Monument
    DINOSAUR NATIONAL MONUMENT COLORADO UTAH corner of the monument. The original 80 renewed in 1923-24 by the National Mu­ acres of this area were set aside in 1915 to seum, Washington, D. C, and the University DINOSAUR preserve these fossil bones. The boundaries of Utah. Twenty-six nearly complete skele­ were extended in 1938 to include the scenic tons and a great number of partial ones canyon country. were recovered. Twelve dinosaur species National Monument At monument headquarters, 6 miles north were represented. The longest skeleton— of Jensen, Utah, is a temporary museum con­ Dipledocus—was 84 feet, the shortest— taining exhibits which will help you under­ Laosaurus—6 feet. Many of the bones have A semiarid wilderness plateau, cut by deep canyons and con­ stand the local geology and the story of the been assembled as complete skeletons which taining rich deposits of skeletal remains of prehistoric reptiles. dinosaurs. The Dinosaur Quarry is a quarter you may see in museums in Pittsburgh; of a mile by trail from the museum. It is Washington, D. C.; New York City; Lin­ an excavation in the top of a ridge where coln, Nebr.; Denver; Salt Lake City; and IN DINOSAUR NATIONAL MONU­ towering canyon walls. He named numerous rock layers have been removed to expose the Toronto, Canada. MENT you will find a vast wilderness geographic features, including the treach­ fossil-bearing strata of the Morrison forma­ little changed by man. Its principal scenic erous Disaster Falls, where he lost one of tion of Jurassic age, deposited approximately Early Indians features are the deep and narrow canyons his boats.
    [Show full text]
  • Pennsylvanian Minturn Formation, Colorado, U.S.A
    Journal of Sedimentary Research, 2008, v. 78, 0–0 Research Articles DOI: 10.2110/jsr.2008.052 DEPOSITS FROM WAVE-INFLUENCED TURBIDITY CURRENTS: PENNSYLVANIAN MINTURN FORMATION, COLORADO, U.S.A. 1 2 2 3 2 M. P. LAMB, P. M. MYROW, C. LUKENS, K. HOUCK, AND J. STRAUSS 1Department of Earth & Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A. 2Department of Geology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80903, U.S.A. 3Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, 80217-3363 U.S.A. e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Turbidity currents generated nearshore have been suggested to be the source of some sandy marine event beds, but in most cases the evidence is circumstantial. Such flows must commonly travel through a field of oscillatory flow caused by wind-generated waves; little is known, however, about the interactions between waves and turbidity currents. We explore these interactions through detailed process-oriented sedimentological analysis of sandstone event beds from the Pennsylvanian Minturn Formation in north-central Colorado, U.S.A. The Minturn Formation exhibits a complex stratigraphic architecture of fan-delta deposits that developed in association with high topographic relief in a tectonically active setting. An , 20–35-m- thick, unconformity-bounded unit of prodelta deposits consists of dark green shale and turbidite-like sandstone beds with tool marks produced by abundant plant debris. Some of the sandstone event beds, most abundant at distal localities, contain reverse- to-normal grading and sequences of sedimentary structures that indicate deposition from waxing to waning flows. In contrast, proximal deposits, in some cases less than a kilometer away, contain abundant beds with evidence for deposition by wave- dominated combined flows, including large-scale hummocky cross-stratification (HCS).
    [Show full text]
  • Incident Management Situation Report Saturday, June 29, 2002 0800 Mdt National Preparedness Level 5
    (Converted From .wpd On 2/26/04) INCIDENT MANAGEMENT SITUATION REPORT SATURDAY, JUNE 29, 2002 0800 MDT NATIONAL PREPAREDNESS LEVEL 5 CURRENT SITUATION: Initial attack activity was moderate in the Rocky Mountain and Southwest Areas, and light elsewhere. Nationally, 148 new fires were reported. Seven of these became large fires, three in the Rocky Mountain Area and one each in the Southwest, Eastern Great Basin, Northwest and Northern Rockies Areas. Two large fires were contained, one each in the Southwest and Western Great Basin Areas. Very high to extreme fire indices were reported in Arizona, California, Colorado, Kansas, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah and Wyoming. The 146th Air Expeditionary Group (Provisional), under the command of Brigadier General John Iffland, is conducting Modular Airborne Fire Fighting System (MAFFS) operations, supporting the National Interagency Fire Center wildland fire suppression effort. Two C-130H3 aircraft from the 302nd Air Wing, US Air Force Reserve, four C-130H3 aircraft from the 145th Air Wing, North Carolina Air National Guard and a joint 302nd/145th support group have been deployed to conduct air tanker missions at Peterson Field, Colorado. Lieutenant Colonel Ted Wright is the immediate commander for the deployed aircraft. SOUTHWEST AREA LARGE FIRES: Priorities are being established by the Southwest Multi-Agency Coordinating Group based on information submitted via Wildland Fire Situation Analysis reports and Incident Status Summary (ICS-209) forms. An Area Command Team (Ribar) is assigned to manage the Rodeo/Chediski complex. RODEO/CHEDISKI COMPLEX, Fort Apache Agency, Bureau of Indian Affairs. Four Type 1 Incident Management Teams (Humphrey, Bateman, Dash, and Martin) are assigned.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Range of Variability and Current Landscape Condition Analysis: South Central Highlands Section, Southwestern Colorado & Northwestern New Mexico
    Historical Range of Variability and Current Landscape Condition Analysis: South Central Highlands Section, Southwestern Colorado & Northwestern New Mexico William H. Romme, M. Lisa Floyd, David Hanna with contributions by Elisabeth J. Bartlett, Michele Crist, Dan Green, Henri D. Grissino-Mayer, J. Page Lindsey, Kevin McGarigal, & Jeffery S.Redders Produced by the Colorado Forest Restoration Institute at Colorado State University, and Region 2 of the U.S. Forest Service May 12, 2009 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY … p 5 AUTHORS’ AFFILIATIONS … p 16 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS … p 16 CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION A. Objectives and Organization of This Report … p 17 B. Overview of Physical Geography and Vegetation … p 19 C. Climate Variability in Space and Time … p 21 1. Geographic Patterns in Climate 2. Long-Term Variability in Climate D. Reference Conditions: Concept and Application … p 25 1. Historical Range of Variability (HRV) Concept 2. The Reference Period for this Analysis 3. Human Residents and Influences during the Reference Period E. Overview of Integrated Ecosystem Management … p 30 F. Literature Cited … p 34 CHAPTER II. PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS A. Vegetation Structure and Composition … p 39 B. Reference Conditions … p 40 1. Reference Period Fire Regimes 2. Other agents of disturbance 3. Pre-1870 stand structures C. Legacies of Euro-American Settlement and Current Conditions … p 67 1. Logging (“High-Grading”) in the Late 1800s and Early 1900s 2. Excessive Livestock Grazing in the Late 1800s and Early 1900s 3. Fire Exclusion Since the Late 1800s 4. Interactions: Logging, Grazing, Fire, Climate, and the Forests of Today D. Summary … p 83 E. Literature Cited … p 84 CHAPTER III.
    [Show full text]
  • National Register of Historic Places Registration Form
    NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 10024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determination for individual properties and districts. See instruction in How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each item by marking ``x'' in the appropriate box or by entering the information requested. If an item does not apply to the property being documented, enter ``N/A'' for ``not applicable.'' For functions, architectural classification, materials and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. 1. Name of Property historic name East Longs Peak Trail; Longs Peak Trail; Keyhole Route; Shelf Trail other names/site number 5LR.11413; 5BL.10344 2. Location street & number West of State Highway 7 (ROMO) [N/A] not for publication city or town Allenspark [X] vicinity state Colorado code CO county Larimer; Boulder code 069; 013 zip code 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this [X] nomination [ ] request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property [ ] meets [ ] does not meet the National Register criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant [ ] nationally [ ] statewide [X] locally.
    [Show full text]
  • Itinerary: the Yampa River: 5 Days/4 Nights
    Itinerary: PO Box 1324 Moab, UT 84532 (800) 332-2439 The Yampa River: (435) 259-8229 Fax (435) 259-2226 Email: [email protected] 5 Days/4 Nights www.GriffithExp.com T h r o u g h Dinosaur National Monument O v e r v i e w of The Yampa River Meeting Place Best Western Antlers 423 West Main Street Vernal, UT 84078 Meeting Time : 6 : 3 0 pm (MDT) The evening before your trip Orientation: 6 : 3 0 pm (MDT) the day BEFORE d e p a r t u r e H e r e you will learn what to expect and prepare for, receive your dry bags, sign Assumption of Risk forms, and get a chance to ask last minute q u e s t i o n s . Morning Place : Best Western Antlers 423 West Main Street Vernal, UT 84078 M o r n i n g T i m e : 7 : 0 0 a m (MDT) Return Time : Approximately 5 : 0 0 - 6 : 0 0 P M Rapid Rating: C l a s s I I I - I V (water level dependent) # of Rapids : 16 River Miles: 72 P u t i n : Deer Lodge Park Ranger Station T a k e - out : Split Mountain boat ramp Trip Length: 5 D a y s / 4 N i g h t s Raft Type(s): O a r b o a t s , Paddleboats and Inflatable Kayaks Age Limit: Minimum Age is 10 y e a r s o l d What makes this trip special? The Yampa River through the Dinosaur National Monument has it all! As the last free-flowing river in the entire Colorado River drainage, the Yampa is incredibly wild in May and June.
    [Show full text]
  • Project Summary Rocky Mountains Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit
    Project Summary Rocky Mountains Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit Project Title: Landscape Condition Analysis, Dinosaur National Monument—Uintah County, UT and Moffat County, CO Discipline: Natural Type of Project: Technical Assistance Funding Agency: National Park Service Other Partners/Cooperators: University of Wyoming Effective Dates: 7/10/2010– 3/31/2014 Funding Amount: $48,900 Investigators and Agency Representative: NPS Contact: Tamara Naumann, Botanist, Dinosaur National Monument, 4545 E Highway 40, Dinosaur, CO 81610, Tel.: 970-374-3051, Fax.: 970-374-3059, Email: [email protected] Investigator: William L. Baker, Professor, Dept. of Geography, Dept. 3371, 1000 E. University Ave., University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, Tel.: 307-766-2925, Fax.: 307-766-3294, Email: [email protected] Project Abstract: Dinosaur National Monument is a 211,000 acre park located on the northeastern edge of the Colorado Plateau and the northeastern edge of the Uinta Basin. The park straddles the border between the states of Colorado and Utah (Moffat and Uintah Counties). Elevation ranges from just under 5,000 ft at the southwest boundary to just over 9,000 ft at Zenobia Peak on the eastern boundary. Vegetation includes desert shrublands and riparian communities at the lowest elevations, semi- desert and montane shrub-steppe and pinyon-juniper woodlands at mid-elevations, and montane forest at the highest elevations. Pinyon-juniper woodlands comprise roughly 60% of Dinosaur’s vegetation; shrub-steppe covers approximately 25% of the landscape. A comprehensive vegetation classification and a vegetation map were completed for Dinosaur in 2008 and a soil survey was completed in 2007. Increasingly complex interactions between fire and invasive species have begun to present unprecedented complications for park managers, leading to the need for a comprehensive assessment of current landscape condition, analysis of historical patterns of change, and an improved understanding of the past and future role of fire in Dinosaur’s unique environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Stratigraphic Correlation Chart for Western Colorado and Northwestern New Mexico
    New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook, 32nd Field Conference, Western Slope Colorado, 1981 75 STRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION CHART FOR WESTERN COLORADO AND NORTHWESTERN NEW MEXICO M. E. MacLACHLAN U.S. Geological Survey Denver, Colorado 80225 INTRODUCTION De Chelly Sandstone (or De Chelly Sandstone Member of the The stratigraphic nomenclature applied in various parts of west- Cutler Formation) of the west side of the basin is thought to ern Colorado, northwestern New Mexico, and a small part of east- correlate with the Glorieta Sandstone of the south side of the central Utah is summarized in the accompanying chart (fig. 1). The basin. locations of the areas, indicated by letters, are shown on the index map (fig. 2). Sources of information used in compiling the chart are Cols. B.-C. shown by numbers in brackets beneath the headings for the col- Age determinations on the Hinsdale Formation in parts of the umns. The numbers are keyed to references in an accompanying volcanic field range from 4.7 to 23.4 m.y. on basalts and 4.8 to list. Ages where known are shown by numbers in parentheses in 22.4 m.y. on rhyolites (Lipman, 1975, p. 6, p. 90-100). millions of years after the rock name or in parentheses on the line The early intermediate-composition volcanics and related rocks separating two chronostratigraphic units. include several named units of limited areal extent, but of simi- No Quaternary rocks nor small igneous bodies, such as dikes, lar age and petrology—the West Elk Breccia at Powderhorn; the have been included on this chart.
    [Show full text]
  • Animacy, Symbolism, and Feathers from Mantle's Cave, Colorado By
    Animacy, Symbolism, and Feathers from Mantle's Cave, Colorado By Caitlin Ariel Sommer B.A., Connecticut College 2006 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Anthropology 2013 This thesis entitled: Animacy, Symbolism, and Feathers from Mantle’s Cave, Colorado Written by Caitlin Ariel Sommer Has been approved for the Department of Anthropology Dr. Stephen H. Lekson Dr. Catherine M. Cameron Sheila Rae Goff, NAGPRA Liaison, History Colorado Date__________ The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we Find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards Of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. Abstract Sommer, Caitlin Ariel, M.A. (Anthropology Department) Title: Animacy, Symbolism, and Feathers from Mantle’s Cave, Colorado Thesis directed by Dr. Stephen H. Lekson Rediscovered in the 1930s by the Mantle family, Mantle’s Cave contained excellently preserved feather bundles, a feather headdress, moccasins, a deer-scalp headdress, baskets, stone tools, and other perishable goods. From the start of excavations, Mantle’s Cave appeared to display influences from both Fremont and Ancestral Puebloan peoples, leading Burgh and Scoggin to determine that the cave was used by Fremont people displaying traits heavily influenced by Basketmaker peoples. Researchers have analyzed the baskets, cordage, and feather headdress in the hopes of obtaining both radiocarbon dates and clues as to which culture group used Mantle’s Cave. This thesis attempts to derive the cultural influence of the artifacts from Mantle’s Cave by analyzing the feathers.
    [Show full text]
  • Summits on the Air – ARM for USA - Colorado (WØC)
    Summits on the Air – ARM for USA - Colorado (WØC) Summits on the Air USA - Colorado (WØC) Association Reference Manual Document Reference S46.1 Issue number 3.2 Date of issue 15-June-2021 Participation start date 01-May-2010 Authorised Date: 15-June-2021 obo SOTA Management Team Association Manager Matt Schnizer KØMOS Summits-on-the-Air an original concept by G3WGV and developed with G3CWI Notice “Summits on the Air” SOTA and the SOTA logo are trademarks of the Programme. This document is copyright of the Programme. All other trademarks and copyrights referenced herein are acknowledged. Page 1 of 11 Document S46.1 V3.2 Summits on the Air – ARM for USA - Colorado (WØC) Change Control Date Version Details 01-May-10 1.0 First formal issue of this document 01-Aug-11 2.0 Updated Version including all qualified CO Peaks, North Dakota, and South Dakota Peaks 01-Dec-11 2.1 Corrections to document for consistency between sections. 31-Mar-14 2.2 Convert WØ to WØC for Colorado only Association. Remove South Dakota and North Dakota Regions. Minor grammatical changes. Clarification of SOTA Rule 3.7.3 “Final Access”. Matt Schnizer K0MOS becomes the new W0C Association Manager. 04/30/16 2.3 Updated Disclaimer Updated 2.0 Program Derivation: Changed prominence from 500 ft to 150m (492 ft) Updated 3.0 General information: Added valid FCC license Corrected conversion factor (ft to m) and recalculated all summits 1-Apr-2017 3.0 Acquired new Summit List from ListsofJohn.com: 64 new summits (37 for P500 ft to P150 m change and 27 new) and 3 deletes due to prom corrections.
    [Show full text]