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Transitional Justice in Afrika

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Transitional Justice in Afrika 2013 / 2 dok-line AFRIKA A n n o t i e r t e O n l i n e – B i b l i o g r a p h i e Christine Hoffendahl / Anne Jansen Transitional Justice in Afrika Transitional justice in Africa 30. Juni 2013 Herausgeber: GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies / Leibniz-Institut für Globale und Regionale Studien GIGA Informationszentrum Neuer Jungfernstieg 21 20354 Hamburg Tel.: +49 (0) 40 42825 – 598 Fax: +49 (0) 40 42825 – 512 ISSN E-Mail: [email protected] Web: http://giga-hamburg.de/iz 1611-1109 Bei der folgenden Kurzbibliographie handelt es sich um einen This short bibliography is an excerpt from the database of the Auszug aus der Datenbank des „Fachinformationsverbundes “Specialized Information Network International Relations and Internationale Beziehungen und Länderkunde“ (FIV-IBLK). Area Studies” (FIV-IBLK). Vorwort Die Waffen schweigen, die staatliche Unterdrückung ist vorbei – doch wie kommen die Opfer zurecht, die schwerste Menschenrechtsverletzungen erleiden mussten und nun traumatisiert sind, deren Familien auseinandergerissen sind, deren Besitz zerstört ist und die sich nun möglicherweise in unmittelbarer Nähe ihrer Peiniger wiederfinden? Ihnen muss Gerechtigkeit widerfahren. Aber wie? Darum geht es bei Transitional Justice. Der Begriff steht für die Aufarbeitung von Gewalt, Repression und Menschenrechtsverletzungen beim Übergang von Diktatur und Gewaltherrschaft zu einer friedlichen und demokratischen Ordnung. Zur Gerechtigkeit gehört, dass die ehemaligen Peiniger zur Verantwortung gezogen und die Menschenrechtsverletzungen geahndet werden. In zahlreichen betroffenen Ländern wurden deshalb spezielle Gerichte geschaffen, die über die Täter urteilen. Wo die politische Situation die Einrichtung derartiger Gerichte nicht erlaubte, wurden mit Unterstützung der Völkergemeinschaft eine internationale Gerichtsbarkeit oder hybride Gerichte eingesetzt. Aber es geht nicht allein um die strafrechtliche Aufarbeitung des Unrechts und die materielle Entschädigung der Opfer. Damit Menschen in einem Land, das meist über Jahre Schauplatz schwerster Menschenrechtsverletzungen gewesen ist, einen Neuanfang wagen und friedlich mit einander leben können, bedarf es auch der historischen Aufarbeitung vergangenen Unrechts. Nur wenn die Fakten offengelegt und die Täter dazu gebracht werden, ihre Verbrechen anzuerkennen, gibt es die Chance auf Versöhnung. Hier setzen die sogenannten „Wahrheitskommissionen“ an, die in etlichen Ländern nach schweren inneren Gewaltkonflikten eingerichtet wurden. Die „Truth and Reconciliation Commission“ in Südafrika, die nach dem Ende der Apartheid eingerichtet wurde, ist nicht das erste, aber wohl das bekannteste Beispiel für diesen Aspekt von Transitional Justice. Ein weiteres Element sind institutionelle Reformen, etwa von Armee, Polizei und/oder Justiz. Denn häufig haben diese staatlichen Organe an der Gewalt mitgewirkt oder sie nicht wirksam verhindert. Damit ein erneuter Ausbruch von Gewalt abgewendet werden kann, muss die Kultur der Straflosigkeit überwunden und müssen Sicherheitsorgane und Justiz auf Rechtsstaatlichkeit und Achtung der Menschenrechte verpflichtet werden. Afrika ist nicht der einzige Kontinent, auf dem das Thema Transitional Justice eine wesentliche Rolle spielt, aber es ist hier vielleicht am virulentesten: Neben Südafrika, das 1994 das Apartheid-System überwunden hat, stehen Ruanda, dessen Bevölkerung die Folgen eines Genozid bewältigen muss sowie Sierra Leone und Liberia, deren Bevölkerungen durch verheerende Bürgerkriege traumatisiert sind. Die in dieser Bibliographie nachgewiesenen Titel zeigen, dass die Notwendigkeit von Transitional Justice in Nachkonfliktphasen zwar unumstritten ist, ihre einzelnen Elemente und ihre praktische Umsetzung aber durchaus kontrovers diskutiert werden. Es zeigt sich, dass es auf dem steinigen Weg zu Transitional Justice keinen Königsweg gibt. Es bedarf Konzepte, die auf die spezifischen Landessituationen zugeschnitten sind – und selbst dann ist der Erfolg keineswegs garantiert. Diese Bibliographie weist im Wesentlichen Literatur nach, die seit 2005 erschienen ist; sie erhebt keinen Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit. (Thomas Siebold) dok-line AFRIKA 2013 / 2 2 Webseiten African Transitional Justice Research Network http://www.transitionaljustice.org/ International Center for Transitional Justice http://ictj.org/ Transitional Justice Institute (University of Ulster) http://transitionaljustice.ulster.ac.uk/ Justice in Perspective http://www.justiceinperspective.org.za/ International Criminal Court http://www.icc-cpi.int/ International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda http://www.unictr.org/ Vérité et réconciliation Côte d’Ivoire http://verite-reconciliation.org/ Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission of Kenya http://www.tjrckenya.org/ Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Liberia http://trcofliberia.org/ National Unity and Reconciliation Commission Rwanda http://www.nurc.gov.rw/ Sierra Leone Truth and Reconciliation Commission http://www.sierraleonetrc.org/ Truth and Reconciliation Commission South Africa http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/ Commission Vérité, Justice et Réconciliation du Togo http://www.cvjr-togo.org/ Weitere Links finden Sie im Internetquellen-Führer von ilissAfrica: Search for more internet links at ilissAfrica: http://www.ilissafrica.de/als/iliss-simple.html dok-line AFRIKA 2013 / 2 3 An Act to establish the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) of Liberia : approved: June 10, 2005, published by authority / Ministry of Foreign Affairs. - Monrovia, 2005. - 24 S. Liberia + Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Liberia) + Kommission für Wahrheit und Versöhnung + Gründung von Institutionen/ Vereinigungen + Gesetz + Nationale Versöhnung + Vergangenheitsbewältigung http://opac.giga-hamburg.de/r/c-00437426 African perspectives on tradition and justice / ed. by Tom Bennett .... - Cambridge ... : Intersentia, 2012. - XIII,173 S. : graph. Darst., Lit.Hinw. ISBN 978-1-78068-059-0 Afrika südlich der Sahara + Recht + Zusammenhang + Traditionelles Recht + Transitional Justice + Menschenrechte + Staatsbürgerrechte Peacebuilding + Nachkonfliktphase + Traditionelle Kultur + Führung + Gericht + Strafrecht + Gewohnheitsrecht + Malawi + Mosambik + Uganda + Ruanda http://opac.giga-hamburg.de/r/c-00862655 After genocide : transitional justice, post-conflict reconstruction and reconciliation in Rwanda and beyond / Phil Clark ... (eds.). - London : Hurst, 2008. - XXVIII,399 S. : graph. Darst., Tab., Lit.Hinw. ISBN 978-1-85065-919-8; ISBN 978-1-85065-918-1 Ruanda + Innenpolitische Lage/ Entwicklung + Genozid + Nachkonfliktphase + Wiederaufbau + Vergangenheitsbewältigung + Nationale Versöhnung + Transitional Justice + Friedenssicherung Identität + Traumata + Traditionelles Recht + Erinnerungspolitik/Erinnerungskultur + Justiz/Judikative Gewalt + Rassemblement Républicain pour la Démocratie au Rwanda + Kriegsverbrechen + Strafverfolgung + International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda + Peacebuilding + Peace operations + United Nations + Vereinigtes Königreich + Vereinigte Staaten + Kosovo http://opac.giga-hamburg.de/r/c-00365627 Aptel, Cécile Through a new lens : a child-sensitive approach to transitional justice / Cécile Aptel ; Virginie Ladisch. - New York/N.Y. : International Center for Transitional Justice, 2011. - 45 S. : Anh., Lit. S. 42-45 ISBN 978-1-936064-15-1 Global + Transitional Justice + Kinder + Zugang zur Justiz + Nachkonfliktphase + Bewaffneter Konflikt + Menschenrechtsverletzung + Vergangenheitsbewältigung http://opac.giga-hamburg.de/r/c-00304917 Arthur, Paige How "transitions" reshaped human rights : a conceptual history of transitional justice / Paige Arthur in: Human Rights Quarterly (Baltimore/Md.).31 (May 2009) 2, S. 321-367 : Tab., zahlr. Lit. Hinw. Global + Menschenrechte + Menschenrechtsschutz + Implementierung + Transitional Justice + Konzeption + Theoriebildung + Stand der Forschung http://opac.giga-hamburg.de/r/c-00373870 Assessing the impact of transitional justice : challenges for empirical research / Hugo van der Merwe ... (eds.). - Washington/D.C. : United States Inst. of Peace Press, 2009. - 345 S. : Tab., Lit.Hinw. Enthält: (...) Cherry, Janet: Truth and transitional justice in South Africa. - S. 249-264 (...) ISBN 978-1-60127-036-8; ISBN 1-60127-036-4 Global + Menschenrechtsverletzung + Transitional Justice + Vergangenheitsbewältigung + Kommission für Wahrheit und Versöhnung + Nationale Versöhnung + Nachkonfliktphase + Opfer (Personen) + Entschädigung/ Schadenersatz + Rechtslage + International Criminal Court + Rechtsprechung + Gesellschaftlicher Dialog + Öffentliche Meinung + Übergangsgesellschaft + Kommunalpolitik + Demokratisierung + Empirische Analyse + Politikwissenschaftliche Theorien + Stand der Forschung + Theoriebildung + Vergleichende Analyse Südafrikanische Republik + Guatemala http://opac.giga-hamburg.de/r/c-00372065 dok-line AFRIKA 2013 / 2 4 Baines, Erin Spirits and social reconstruction after mass violence : rethinking transitional justice / Erin Baines in: African Affairs (Oxford).109 (July 2010) 436, S. 409-430 Uganda + Uganda (Norden) + Acholi + Nachkriegssituation + Transitional Justice + Vergangenheitsbewältigung + Selbsthilfe (Soziale Gruppe) + Kulturelle Werte und Normen http://opac.giga-hamburg.de/r/c-00340629 Baines, Erin K. Complex political perpetrators : reflections on Dominic Ongwen / Erin K. Baines in: The Journal of Modern African Studies (Cambridge).47 (June 2009) 2, S. 163-191 Uganda + Bürgerkrieg + Kindersoldaten + Lord's Resistance Army (Uganda) + Transitional Justice + Peacebuilding + Vergangenheitsbewältigung
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