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A Regional Bouguer Gravity Anomaly Map of Arizona

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A Regional Bouguer Gravity Anomaly Map of Arizona A regional Bouguer gravity anomaly map of Arizona Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic); maps Authors West, Robert Elmer, 1938- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 05/10/2021 20:33:43 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565271 A REGIONAL BOUGUER GRAVITY ANOMALY MAP OF ARIZONA by Robert Elmer W est A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 7 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE I hereby recommend that this dissertation prepared under my direction by _____ Robert Elmer W e s t ____________________________ entitled A Regional Bouguer Gravity Anomaly Map of Arizona be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement of the degree of _________Doctor of Philosophy______________________ After inspection of the final copy of the dissertation, the following members of the Final Examination Committee concur in its approval and recommend its acceptance:* J L ^ ' i n . / y n i Z(*/ / cf7 C _ . 2 ^ / f z c / 9 7 2 This approval and acceptance is contingent on the candidate's adequate performance and defense of this dissertation at the final oral examination. The inclusion of this sheet bound into the library copy of the dissertation is evidence of satisfactory performance at the final examination. STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to bor­ rowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or re­ production of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the in­ terests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: ACKNOWLEDG MENTS During the past six years, Dr. J. S. Sumner, my Dissertation Director, has given me personal encouragement and advice and has helped me to gain the experience necessary to carry out this work. With­ out his help, this dissertation would never have been completed. I ex­ press my sincere thanks to him. Members of my committee, Drs. W. K. Hartmann, W. C. Peters, and K. L. Zonge, gave me many valuable suggestions, especially in re­ gard to revising the text of this dissertation. Drs. W. C. Lacy and J. R. Sturgul also served as members of this committee during 1970 and 1971. The following personnel of the Laboratory of Geophysics at The University of Arizona conducted regional gravity surveys in Arizona: Jerry Golden, Bill Johnson, Steve Bench, Cliff Dewey, Bob Staley, Brian Hogan, Gene Reetz, and Jonathan Earl. Gravity data from several Uni­ versity of Arizona theses and dissertations were used and are discussed in the text of this dissertation. Mr. D. J. Lynch gave me gravity data which he had collected in preparation for his University of Arizona thesis Gravity data in Arizona were also obtained from the U .S. Geo­ logical Survey, U.S. Army Topographic Command, Continental Oil Com­ pany, and Hanna Mining Company. Mr. M. J. Benham of Phoenix College contributed data from his gravity survey of the Tonto Forest Seismolog- ical Observatory near Payson, Arizona. Mr. J. A. Kozlosky, Chief of the Gravity Division of the U .S. Army Topographic Command, provided both gravity data and information about the Arizona State Gravity Base iii iv Network established by the U .S . Army Topographic Command in Arizona. Mr. William T. Riordan, Chief of the Production and Distribution Plant of the U .S. Air Force Aeronautical Chart and Information Center, gave information on the classification of U .S. Department of Defense gravity data in Arizona. Gravity data obtained from Mr. John Hendrick of the U .S. Geological Survey in Flagstaff, Mr. D. B. Moore of Humble Oil and Refining Company, and Mr. Elmer J. Hauer, Chief of the Department of Defense Gravity Services Branch, were not included in the regional Bouguer gravity anomaly map of Arizona; however, these data will be added to the map in the near future. Dr. W. A. Sauck of Arizona State University gave me a FORTRAN source deck for a Universal Transverse Mercator map projection subrou­ tine written by Mr. F. C. Craw at the University of W isconsin. Part of the data processing was carried out using the facilities of the University of Arizona Computer Center. Dr. H. W esley Peirce, Associate Geologist of the Arizona Bureau of M ines, provided core samples from alluvial basins in southern Arizona for density measurements, and Mr. C. A. Pugh, Projects Mana­ ger for the Phoenix Development Office of the U.S. Bureau of Reclama­ tion, gave information on density measurements made on these core samples by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. University of Arizona density measurements on rock samples were made by Mr. Jonathan Earl at the Laboratory of Geophysics under my direction. Dr. Peirce also discussed possible geologic correlations with the regional Bouguer gravity anomaly map of Arizona with me. Discussions with fellow graduate students were also helpful in clearing up problems relating to correlating the gravity map with Arizona geology. Dr. Richard T. Moore, Principal Geologist of the Arizona Bureau of M ines, gave me permission to use the geologic cross sections of Arizona as illustrations . Financial assistance has been provided by the National Science Foundation, AMAX Exploration Company, Humble Oil and Refining Com­ pany, the U .S. Army Topographic Command, the Arizona Water Resources Research Center, and The University of Arizona. AMAX Exploration Com­ pany also donated the use of a four-wheel-drive vehicle during the sum­ mer of 1971. I express my appreciation to Alison Odell, who typed part of the first draft of this dissertation, and to George Smith, who drafted the gravity map and many of the illustrations. Finally, I wish to thank my wife Maria, who ppent many hours reducing data, contouring, and typing. Her help and encouragement have kept me going. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS................................................................................. lx LIST OF T A B L E S................................................................................................ x ii ABSTRACT................................................................................................................ x iii 1. INTRODUCTION ■ ................................................................................................ 1 The University of Arizona Gravity Program in Arizona . rH CO CO CO CO G ravity D ata P resen tly A vailab le in A r iz o n a .......................... U n iv ersity o f Arizona G ravity D a t a .................................... U .S. Geological Survey Gravity D ata ............................... U .S. Army Topographic Command Gravity Data . Other G ravity D ata in A r iz o n a .............................................. 2 . DATA COLLECTION AND REDUCTION FOR THE REGIONAL BOUGUER GRAVITY ANOMALY MAP OF ARIZONA ...... 10 Compilation of Available Gravity Data in Arizona .... 10 Regional Gravity Surveys by the University of Arizona . 11 Gravity M easurements ....................................................................... 11 G ravity M e t e r s ............................................................................ 12 Arizona Gravity Base Stations ........................................ 16 Field Procedure Used in Regional Gravity Surveys by the University of Arizona ...... 22 G ravity D ata R e d u c tio n ........................................................ 24 O bserved G r a v itie s ....................................................................... 24 G ravity A n o m a lie s ....................................................................... 28 Gravity Data Reduction Computer Programs . 34 The Regional Bouguer Gravity Anomaly Map of Arizona. 35 Arizona G ravity D ata IBM Card C a t a lo g .......................... 35 Production of the Regional Bouguer Gravity Anom aly Map o f A rizon a................................... 36 3. GENERAL GEOLOGY AND RECENT TECTONIC MODELS FOR A R IZ O N A ............................................................ 38 General Geology ................................................................................. 38 P h y s io g r a p h y .................................................. 38 R o c k s ......................... 41 S t r u c t u r e ............................................................................................ 42 v i v ii TABLE OF CONTENTS— C ontinued Page Cenozoic Tectonic Models of the Southwestern United S tates ......................................................... ............................. 43 A tw ater’s M od els . ................................................... 44 D am on's M o d e l ............................................................ 46 C ook 's M o d e l......................................................................
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