Notes, Links, & Sources in Researching Correction
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NOTES, LINKS, & SOURCES IN RESEARCHING CORRECTION HISTORY WEBSITE’s “A Tale of Two City Visits . and the Deadly Waters Off Rikers Island” New York Times (NYT) Whatever one thinks, pro or con, about its present-day editorials, news analysis pieces, and op- ed columns or its ideological perspectives reflected in the reputed spin of its news headlines, story selections and reporting slants, its on-line archives remains one of the great resources for historical research. Subscribers get free access to its on-line archives. What follows are the dates of related stories (and their headlines) relevant to the topics covered in our CorrectionHistory website presentation. Our own observations are included. Feb. 16, 1945: B-29 Plunges into Flushing Bay; Five of Crew Rescued; Five Lost. The NYT’s first story on the Feb. 15, 1945 crash appeared on Page 1 the next day and “jumped” (continued) inside. Because the Army followed its standard practice of not releasing names of the dead and injured until next of kin are notified, the identities of those aboard were not included in the initial report. Feb. 17, 1945: Maj. Southworth Killed in Bomber; Son of Manager of St. Cardinals Was Pilot of Plane that Crashed Here; Bodies of Five Men Believed Held in Section of Craft Sunk Off LaGuardia Field. Names of the five believed dead were released. In addition to Southworth, they were First Lieutenants Carl D. Magee of Las Vegas, co-pilot; Martin Licursi of Hulberton, NY ( https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=110919992 ) ; Ralph L. Stickle of (99 Kiel Ave.), Butler, N.J., and Staff Sgt. Joseph Yabroudi of 82-03 165th, Jamaica, NY The five surviving men’s were released as Pvt. Howard Card of Riverdale, N.J.; Tech Sgt. Lewis Mumford of Detroit; 2nd Lt. R. M. Worchester of Pasadena; Maj. W. L. Anken of Grand Island, Neb.; and civilian, W.A, Burkus of Bendix Corp., South Bend, Ind. Feb. 18, 1945: Five Bodies Remain in B-29 Wreckage; Currents and Tides Balk the Divers Off LaGuardia Field – Survivor Tells Story. Article reports Rikers Island Channel conditions thwarting Navy divers’ recovery efforts.. Major Anken recounts the minutes before, during and after the B-29 crash. Feb. 24, 1945: Plane Wreckage Found; Army to Seek Cause of Crash in Flushing Bay. The Army said the wreckage recovered (all but one engine) will be studied to find cause of B-29 crash. Meanwhile, Navy diving efforts continued. Our on-line research indicates only one body had been found before the recovery diving efforts were called off after 18 days: that of Lt.. Stickle. The Harrisburg Telegraph, so reported on March 6, 1945. So far our on-line research found no public report announced or published on its probe into the crash. August 5, 1945: Southworth Here for Son’s Body January 15, 1944: Flying Fortress Pilot With His Dad, A Baseball Pilot One year and one month before the Superfortress crash in the waters off Rikers Island, that was the headline over a three-column photo of Senior and Junior which accompanied a one-column story with its own headline decks: Southworth’s Son Leans to Aviation; Son, Now Home on Leave, Says He Will Not Return to Baseball. This story is as good a place as any (and better than most) to state for the record that, that although the younger Southworth was universally referred to as “Billy Jr.,” he technically wasn’t. Senior had been nicknamed “Billy the Kid,” partly because he had the knack of “stealing” bases with his running and “robbing” batters of hits with defensive plays in the outfield. When he kept bringing his boy to the ballparks, letting him shag stray balls and allowing the lad to hand him his bats (later hand others theirs), the players and writers started calling Billy the Kid’s kid “Billy Junior.” Actually, the younger Southworth’s middle name was “Brooks,” after his maternal parent’s family name. Southworth Senior so detested his own middle name, “Harold,” so much he reportedly once socked the jaw of a friend who called him that. The younger Southworth never made any effort to correct anyone applying the Junior tag to him. He didn’t much like his Brooks middle name and was quite proud to be “Billy Junior.” *** B-29 High Training Accident Rate – Interesting research into the high incidence of fatal crashes of the Boeing Superfortress and certain other WWII aircraft makes one wonder just what factors figured into the 2/15/45 plunge of Maj Southworth’s bomber into the waters off Rikers Island. Why didn’t B-29 (with one of its wing engines out) over Queens, NYC, not respond to Billy Jr.’s handling as did the B-17 (with one of its wing engines out ) over occupied France? The link here accesses a 250-page “abstract” of research done by U.S. war college professor Marilyn R. Pierce for her 2013 Ph.D dissertation. Fascinating stuff. https://krex.k- state.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/2097/16879/MarlynPierce2013.pdf?sequence=1 Aviation Safety Network Wikibase Occurrence # 98475: Except for the count of those aboard when the B-29 crashed (10, not 11) and its confusion over Jackson Heights and Flushing locales, the ASN report is a succinct and fairly accurate account. The value of ASN report for the purposes of our site’s Southworth Sr. and Jr. story is contained in the following data which is part of the opening of the article: “Departure airport: Michel Field AAF, New York “Destination airport: Florida “Narrative: “Boeing B-29-40-BW Superfortress 42-24617: Delivered to the USAAF 31 July 1944. Assigned to 243rd Army Air Force Base Unit, Great Bend AAF, Kansas, and became part of the "Gypsy Task Force". https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=98475 Great Bend Army Air Force Base’s Gypsy B-29s – Wikipedia Following up on the lead from the ASN report (above): Great Bend AAF Base in Kansas was specifically built to train pilots for the B-29s. The 243rd Army Air Force Unit came up with a program called Gypsy Task Force. “Beginning with the winter of 1945, part of the flying training was conducted at Borinquen Field, Puerto Rico. The primary purpose of this program, termed the "Gypsy Task Force," was to take advantage of the good flying weather in Puerto Rico during the winter months, enabling the crews to complete their training much quicker than would otherwise have been the case. With this phase of training over, the crews would return to Great Bend AAF to prepare for departure to a staging area. The program was discontinued in April 1945, after only one season *** Billy Southworth: A Biography of the Hall of Fame Manager and Ballplayer By John C. Skipper, McFarland, Apr 2, 2013 - - 220 pages Google Books preview’s search tool proved useful in tracking down various elements of the Southworth father-son story in this bio. The link below can take you to the Preface from which you may explore other preview sections in the brook, reading page by page the preview pages made available, or using the search tool to access particular points of interest. When I got to this book, I already had worked up an outline of the story in my head but needed more specifics to fill in gaps. https://books.google.com/books?id=MRjw3eMKF3kC&pg=PA2&dq=one+of+the+facts+that+stuck+in+mi nd+is+that+Southworth's+son&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwitsPzGyaLXAhWCyyYKHZxbAiYQ6AEIKTAA#v= onepage&q=one%20of%20the%20facts%20that%20stuck%20in%20mind%20is%20that%20Southworth' s%20son&f=false *** Billy Southworth Jr. page (dated 2015) on Gary Bedingfield’s Baseball’s Greatest Sacrifice website (part of his Baseball in Wartime network on the internet). This is a treasure trove of information and images. Four photos on his Billy Jr. page also appear in our Tale of Two City Visits presentation. Many of the images on his page I did not see elsewhere in my research. Bedingfield’s website is well worth bookmarking as a favorite if you like history and MLB. Of course, if you really like MLB, you have to like history because every game and almost every inning new records seem to be made and duly noted. http://www.baseballsgreatestsacrifice.com/biographies/southworth_billy_jr.html *** Father-Son Bond Remains Alive in Wartime Diary By MICHAEL SHAPIRO, NYT, JUNE 19, 2005 Excellently written piece I came across after reading elsewhere about the diary. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/19/sports/baseball/fatherson-bond-remains-alive-in-wartime- diary.html?_r=0 *** T he Mighty Eighth: The Air War in Europe as Told by the Men Who Fought It Gerald Astor Penguin, Sep 1, 2015 - 512 pages. Astor was given a copy of Major Southworth’s diary as well as artist Jon Schueler’s manuscript by his widow, Magda Salvesen. Astor quotes extensively from the diary and from Schueler about Southworth. https://books.google.com/books?id=D9tJBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT8&dq=billy+southworth+diary&hl=en&sa=X &ved=0ahUKEwjJ1fadxJ3XAhWE6iYKHV9NCPkQ6AEIMjAC#v=onepage&q=billy%20southworth%20diary &f=false *** Billy Southworth by Jon Daly This biography originally appeared in the book Spahn, Sain, and Teddy Ballgame: Boston's (almost) Perfect Baseball Summer of 1948, edited by Bill Nowlin and published by Rounder Books in 2008. This fact-packed bio appears on the website of the Society for American Baseball Research which was “formed in 1971 in Cooperstown, NY, with the mission of fostering the research and dissemination of the history and record of the game.” https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/b8be8c57 *** North Beach Airport small seaplane image, showing in the foreground, the aircraft being hauled onto a ramp, while in the background can been seen plumes of steam from landfill equipment at work, is a cropped version of one appearing on the very excellent site devoted to the early airports from the past.