DOCSLIB.ORG

Muscle Fatigue Detection Using Infrared Thermography: Image Segmentation to Extract the Region of Interest from Thermograms

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Muscle Fatigue Detection Using Infrared Thermography: Image Segmentation to Extract the Region of Interest from Thermograms Muscle fatigue detection using Infrared Thermography: Image segmentation to extract the region of interest from thermograms A thesis submitted to the Graduate School at the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computing Systems, College of Engineering and Applied Science November 2018 By Dhyanesh Ramamoorthy, Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science and Engineering, Anna University, India, 2010 Thesis Committee: Dr. Dharma Agrawal, Advisor Dr. Wen Ben Jone Dr. Yizong Cheng Abstract A major public health problem which affects people from all walks of life is muscle injury. Muscle fatigue can be defined as a reversible decrease in the contractile strength of the muscle(s) that occurs after long lasting or repetitive muscular activity. Whenever a certain muscle or muscle groups are subjected to repetitive movements and pushed beyond their limits, it leads to muscle fatigue, which results in sub-optimal performance. Muscle fatigue, when not diagnosed and treated in the early stages, leads to muscle injuries which tend to have long-lasting effects. The current technologies which are used to detect and treat muscle fatigue are highly invasive and often require the personnel to visit specialized clinics. The invasiveness and inaccessibility of muscle fatigue detection techniques have contributed to delayed diagnosis which leads to undesirable effects like permanent muscle damage. A non-invasive, cost-efficient method for detecting muscle fatigue is crucial. Whenever a muscle(s) is put to use, the corresponding muscle temperature increases. The human body maintains thermal homeostasis and it is achieved with the help of two processes called vasodilation and vasoconstriction. Vasodilation occurs when the temperature of a certain muscle group increases. The blood flow to this particular region is increased and the heat is absorbed by the blood capillaries and dissipated through the skin. Infrared thermography is a non-radiating and contact-free technology which measures the surface temperature of objects. As skin surface temperature has been proven to be a good i indicator of localized muscle fatigue, Infrared thermography can be an effective non-invasive associative technology which can be used to detect muscle fatigue. In our study, we have conducted experiments which involve test subjects performing repetitive exercises involving the upper body muscle groups. The thermal images of the test subjects were taken before and after the exercise routine. We have reviewed the widely used image segmentation and image classification algorithms used to extract the regions of interest from an image and implemented two algorithms which are suitable for analyzing low signal-to-noise thermal images. The changes in temperature values of the regions of interest have been tabulated and the results indicate a clear correlation between muscle fatigue and increase in temperature. ii iii This work is dedicated to my dear parents Dr. M. Ramamoorthy and Dr. V. Renugadevi & my beloved wife Mrs. Vithusini Senthil Kumar iv Acknowledgements First and foremost, I am deeply grateful and thank my advisor and committee chair, Dr. Dharma P Agrawal for his constant encouragement, guidance and support throughout the duration of my master’s degree. I would like to thank Dr. Wen Ben Jone and Dr. Yizong Cheng for serving on my thesis defense committee. I am also thankful to my colleagues at the center for distributed and mobile computing. Their valuable feedback and suggestions during our lab meetings were instrumental in completing my thesis research. Finally, I must express my gratitude, love and affection to my parents and my wife for believing in me and providing me with constant support and encouragement during all these years of my study. v TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction.............................................................................................. 1 1.1 Research Motivation ..................................................................................... 1 1.2 Muscle Fatigue .............................................................................................. 1 1.3 Infrared thermal imaging (IRTG) in Medical applications ........................... 3 1.4 Advantages of using IRTG for fatigue analysis ............................................ 4 1.5 Purpose and Scope of this study ................................................................... 6 2. Foundation ............................................................................................... 9 2.1 Heat regulation in Human body .................................................................... 9 2.2 Hypothermia and Muscle Fatigue ............................................................... 10 2.3 Infrared Thermal Imaging ........................................................................... 10 2.4 Thermal Energy and Emissivity.................................................................. 13 2.5 Thermographic Camera .............................................................................. 15 3. Experimentation ..................................................................................... 18 3.1 Intended purpose of the experiments .......................................................... 18 3.2 Guidelines ................................................................................................... 18 3.3 Participant Selection Criteria ...................................................................... 20 3.4 Instruments used for the Experiments ......................................................... 21 3.5 Experimental Results .................................................................................. 23 4. Analysis ................................................................................................. 29 4.1 Thermal Image processing .......................................................................... 29 4.2 Thermal Image processing Algorithms ....................................................... 30 4.3 Image Segmentation.................................................................................... 32 4.4 Image Classification.................................................................................... 44 5. Results & Conclusion ............................................................................ 52 5.1 Analysis of the ROI extraction algorithms ................................................. 52 5.2 Conclusion .................................................................................................. 61 6. Future Work ........................................................................................... 63 7. Bibliography .......................................................................................... 64 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 The Electromagnetic spectrum and the wavelengths of Infrared waves ................... 11 2.2 A simplified block diagram of the workings of a thermal camera ........................... 15 2.3 Process flow diagram involved in capturing a thermal image .................................. 16 3.1 A manual analysis of the first testsubject’s thermograms ........................................ 24 3.2 A manual analysis of the second testsubject’s thermograms .................................... 25 3.3 A manual analysis of the third testsubject’s thermograms ....................................... 26 3.4 A manual analysis of the fourth testsubject’s thermograms ..................................... 27 3.5 A manual analysis of the fifth testsubject’s thermograms ........................................ 28 4.1 The original thermal image before segmentation. .................................................... 35 4.2 A histogram plot of the pixel intensities of the original thermal image ................... 36 4.3 The Gaussian-smoothed thermal image .................................................................... 37 4.4 The thermal image classified using 2-level Otsu segmentation ................................ 38 4.5 The thermal image classified using 3-level Otsu segmentation ................................ 39 4.6 Block diagram of the Canny edge detection algorithm ............................................ 41 4.7 The Canny Edge detector applied to a thermal image .............................................. 43 4.8 An illustration of integral image calculation ............................................................ 47 4.9 Calculating the sum of the pixels within a rectangle using integral image. ............. 48 4.10 Block diagram explaining the functioning of a Cascade classifier ......................... 49 5.1 ROI extraction in Subject 1 and Average temperature calculation. .......................... 53 5.2 ROI extraction in Subject 2 and Average temperature calculation. .......................... 54 5.3 ROI extraction in Subject 3 and Average temperature calculation. .......................... 55 vii LIST OF FIGURES(Cont.) Figure 5.4 ROI extraction in Subject 4 and Average temperature calculation. .......................... 56 5.5 ROI extraction in Subject 5 and Average temperature calculation. .......................... 57 5.6 Average Temperature of ROI from 3-level Otsu segmentation................................ 58 5.7 Average Temperature of ROI from 2-level Otsu segmentation................................ 59 5.8 Average Temperature of ROI from Haar-cascade classification .............................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Analysis of Industrial Process Heater Using Thermography
    International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 02 | Feb-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Analysis of Industrial Process Heater using Thermography Noble Jimmy1, Jojo Varghese2, jithin k joy3, Sebin Thomas4 1,2,3,4 Bachelor of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saintgits college of Engineering ----------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Infrared thermography, thermal imaging, and The inspection tool used for thermography is the Thermal thermal video are examples of thermal imaging science. Imager. These are sophisticated devices which measure the Thermal imaging cameras usually detect radiation in the long- natural emissions of infrared radiation from a heated object infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum ( roughly and produce a thermal picture. Modern Thermal Imagers 9000-4000 nanometers or 9–14 µm) and produce images of are portable with easily operated controls. As physical that radiation, called thermograms. Since infrared radiation is contact with the system is not required, inspections can be emitted by all objects with a temperature above absolute zero made under full operational conditions resulting in no loss of according to the black body radiation law, thermography production or downtime. makes it possible to see one's environment with or without visible illumination. The amount of radiation emitted by an An oil refinery is a large, complex, and very specialized object increases with temperature; therefore, thermography industrial site. Its purpose is to transform crude oil from its allows one to see variations in temperature. When viewed unprocessed state into various chemical products and by- through a thermal imaging camera, warm objects stand out products.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloads/Flir/Dokumentation/T810209-En-Us A4 .Pdf/ (Accessed on 15 June 2021)
    sensors Article The Solution for the Thermographic Measurement of the Temperature of a Small Object Arkadiusz Hulewicz 1,* , Krzysztof Dziarski 2 and Grzegorz Dombek 2 1 Institute of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3A, 60-965 Poznan, Poland 2 Institute of Electric Power Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3A, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; [email protected] (K.D.); [email protected] (G.D.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-61-665-2546 Abstract: This article describes the measuring system and the influence of selected factors on the accuracy of thermographic temperature measurement using a macrolens. This method enables thermographic measurement of the temperature of a small object with an area of square millimeters as, e.g., electronic elements. Damage to electronic components is often preceded by a rise in temperature, and an effective way to diagnose such components is the use of a thermographic camera. The ability to diagnose a device under full load makes thermography a very practical method that allows us to assess the condition of the device during operation. The accuracy of such a measurement depends on the conditions in which it is carried out. The incorrect selection of at least one parameter compensating the influence of the factor occurring during the measurement may cause the indicated value to differ from the correct value. This paper presents the basic issues linked to thermographic measurements and highlights the sources of errors. A measuring stand which enables the assessment of the influence of selected factors on the accuracy of thermographic measurement of electronic elements with the use of a macrolens is presented.
    [Show full text]
  • Infrared Thermography — a New Approach for In-Line Density Measurement of Ribbons Produced from Roll Compaction
    PTEC-12294; No of Pages 8 Powder Technology xxx (2017) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Powder Technology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/powtec Infrared thermography — A new approach for in-line density measurement of ribbons produced from roll compaction Raphael Wiedey, Peter Kleinebudde ⁎ Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany article info abstract Article history: The ribbon relative density is one of the key quality attributes during roll compaction/dry granulation, as it pri- Received 2 November 2016 marily determines the granule porosity and granule size distribution. In this study, a new approach to measure Received in revised form 18 January 2017 the ribbon relative density in-line was investigated. A thermographic camera was used to record freshly pro- Accepted 21 January 2017 duced ribbons as they left the gap. In a first step a principal correlation of the measured ribbon temperature Available online xxxx and the ribbon density was proven. Furthermore, the cooling rate after compaction was identified as an addition- Keywords: al characteristic that can be used to determine the ribbon density. Interestingly the thermographic images also Roll compaction revealed temperature distributions within the ribbon that could be matched with density distributions measured Ribbon density by X-ray micro-computed tomography. In the following, additional characteristics that are equally important for In-line measurement the practical application as an in-line measuring tool were further investigated. The technique showed short Density distribution reaction times to changes in the process and in a long term experiment no temperature drift over time could X-ray μCT be detected. This study demonstrated the applicability of a thermographic camera as an in-line analytical tool Thermography for the determination of ribbon relative density.
    [Show full text]
  • Qirt-2019-008
    10.21611/qirt.2019.008 Thermography of Asteroid Ryugu by Hayabusa2 by T. Okada* and Hayabusa2 TIR Team* * Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo, Sagamihara, 252-5210 Japan, [email protected] Abstract Thermography of the C-type Near Earth Asteroid 162173 Ryugu has revealed the thermophysical properties of the surface of the primitive solar system small body. Thermal Infrared Imager TIR is a remote sensing instrument onboard Hayabusa2, the Japanese second asteroid sample return mission. TIR is based on two-dimensional uncooled micro- bolometer array with 328 x 248 effective pixels, 16.7° x 12.7° field of view, and a single band of 8 to 12 μm wavelength range. New results of global, local and close-up thermal images of the asteroid are briefly reported. 1. Introduction Global, local and close-up thermal images of the C-type Near-Earth asteroid 162173 Ryugu were taken by the Thermal Infrared Imager TIR [1] on Hayabusa2 to investigate its thermophysical properties. TIR is a two-dimensional thermographic camera developed to study the nature of Ryugu and its origin and evolution. The instrument is also used for safe landing for sample collection regarding the assessment for the surface thermal environment and the hazardous boulder abundance. Demonstration to utilize thermographic camera in planetary missions is another purpose. Outlines of the TIR observations during the asteroid rendezvous phase are briefly described. 2. Hayabusa2 and the target asteroid Ryugu Hayabusa2 [2] is an asteroid mission to explore the C-type asteroid, after the Hayabusa mission [3] which visited and returned sample from S-type near-earth asteroid 25143 Itokawa.
    [Show full text]
  • Infrared Thermal Imaging
    Infrared Thermal Imaging Amit Sharma* Nidhi Jindal** Abstract Infrared Thermography (IRT) is being used in an ever more broad number of application fields and for many different purposes; indeed, any process, which is temperature dependent, may benefit from the use of an infrared device. All living objects in the world emit infrared energy in the form of heat which is known as its heat signature. Infrared thermal imaging is a method to improving visibility of objects by detecting the objects infrared radiation and creating a new gray scale image based on that information in a dark environment using the infrared radiations. Keywords: Infrared radiation, thermography camera, medical, armed forces, breast cancer. Introduction the depth of gray indicates variations between the two Infrared thermal imaging technology is one new objects. Some thermal cameras help users identify an method using night vision technologies. Thermal object to add colors to images at different imaging works without any ambient light in temperatures. environments. In general, a hotter object emits more Advantages radiation. Infrared thermographic camera can operate as long as 14,000 nm in wavelengths. 1. It has a capability of finding high temperature components. A thermal camera is also known as a thermal imager, www.IndianJournals.com 2. It is used to observe the areas which cannot be Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale infrared camera or thermal imaging camera. It is a heat accessed by other methods. Downloaded From IP - 115.254.44.5 on dated 24-Apr-2019 sensor that capable of detecting minor differences in temperature. The Thermal camera can collects the 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Application of Thermal Imaging in Electrical Equipment Examination
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE Application of thermal imaging in electrical equipment examination C. Szafron Wroclaw University of Technology 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland Abstract- The paper states about applying thermal imaging measurement methods to electrical equipment diagnostics. Modern infrared mapping techniques allow to take fast and non- exhausting measurements of devices that are not easy accessible or where measurements are dangerous to humans. Thermography has found it’s principal use in power engineering in diagnostics of electrical apparatus and equipment, mainly transformers and insulators. Figure 2. Electromagnetic spectrum I. BASIC IDEA OF THERMAL IMAGING Thermography, also called thermal imaging, is a type of The amount of radiation emitted by an object increases with infrared imaging. Infrared radiation is electromagnetic temperature, therefore thermography allows one to see radiation of a wavelength longer than visible light wavelenght, variations in temperature. When viewed by thermographic but shorter than that microwaves. It's name means "below red", camera, warm objects stand out well against cooler because of red being the color of visible light with the longest backgrounds; humans and other warm blooded animals become wavelength. Infrared radiation has wavelengths between about easily visible against the environment, day or night. 750 nm and 1 mm, spanning five orders of magnitude. Thermographic cameras detect radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum (roughly 900–14.000 II. THERMOGRAPHIC CAMERAS nanometers or 0.9–14 µm) and produce images of that A thermographic camera, sometimes called a FLIR (Forward radiation [2]. Wien's displacement law is a law of physics that Looking InfraRed), or an infrared camera less specifically, is a states that there is an inverse relationship between the device that forms an image using infrared radiation, similar to a wavelength of the peak of the emission of a black body and its common camera that forms an image using visible light.
    [Show full text]
  • Role of Thermography in the Diagnosis of Chronic Sinusitis
    Open Access Original Article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.2298 Role of Thermography in the Diagnosis of Chronic Sinusitis Raja Kalaiarasi 1 , Chellappa Vijayakumar 2 , Ramalingam Archana 3 , Ramakrishnan Venkataramanan 4 , Ranganathan Chidambaram 5 , Sadhanandham Shrinuvasan 5 , Ravi Prabhu 6 1. Otorhinolaryngology, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Science, Puducherry, India 2. Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India. 3. Preventive Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India. 4. Otolaryngology, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Science, Puducherry, India 5. Radiology, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Science, Puducherry, India 6. General Surgery, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Science, Puducherry, India Corresponding author: Raja Kalaiarasi, [email protected] Abstract Introduction Thermography is a form of radiography that images the skin surface temperature. Thermograms are pictorial representations of thermal maps of the entire body’s outer surface. Thermography was applied as an attempt to evaluate its usefulness in the diagnosis of chronic sinusitis (CS). Hence, this study was done to determine the diagnostic value of thermography for patients suffering from CS. Methodology Patients attending the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery over a two years' duration with symptoms suggestive of CS were included in this diagnostic evaluation study. X-ray paranasal sinuses (PNS) and nose, thermography of head and neck, and computed tomography (CT) of PNS and nose (axial and coronal sections) were performed on them. The thermograms and X-ray sinuses obtained were compared with the computed tomography of PNS findings. Results The study population consisted of 167 patients (75 males and 92 females) and the mean age of the study population was 38.6 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Close Range 3D Thermography: Face Temperature and Presents the Results in Form of Thermal Images
    Infrared thermography enables the non-contact measurement of an object’s sur- Close range 3D thermography: face temperature and presents the results in form of thermal images. The analysis of these images provides valuable information about an object’s thermal state. How- real-time reconstruction of ever, the fidelity of the thermal images strongly depends on the pose of the thermo- high fidelity 3D thermograms graphic camera with respect to the surface. 3D thermography offers the possibility to overcome this and other limitations that affect conventional 2D thermography but most 3D thermographic systems developed so far generate 3D thermograms Antonio Rafael Ordóñez Müller from a single perspective or from few noncontiguous points of view and do not operate in real time. As a result, the 3D thermograms they generate do not offer much advantage over conventional thermal images. However, recent technological advances have unlocked the possibility of implementing affordable handheld 3D thermal imaging systems that can be easily maneuvered around an object and that can generate high-fidelity 3D thermograms in real time. This thesis explores vari- ous aspects involved in the real-time generation of high-fidelity 3D thermograms at close range using a handheld 3D thermal imaging system, presents the results of scanning an operating industrial furnace and discusses the problems associated with the generation of 3D thermograms of large objects with complex geometries. Close range 3D thermography: real-time reconstruction of high fidelity 3D thermograms reconstruction real-time 3D thermography: Close range 07 Schriftenreihe Mess- und Regelungstechnik der Universität Kassel ISBN 978-3-7376-0624-0 Band Univ.-Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Failure Analysis of Thin Film Solar Modules Using Lock-In Thermography
    Failure Analysis of Thin Film Solar Modules using Energie & Umwelt Energie Lock-in Thermography Energy & Environment Energy Max Henrik Siegloch 258 Failure Analysis of Thin Film Solar Modules using LIT of Thin Film Analysis Failure Member of the Helmholtz Association Member of the Max Henrik Siegloch Energie & Umwelt / Energie & Umwelt / Energy & Environment Energy & Environment Band/ Volume 258 Band/ Volume 258 ISBN 978-3-95806-047-0 ISBN 978-3-95806-047-0 Failure Analysis of Thin Film Solar Modules using Lock-in Thermography Von der Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Ingenieurwissenschaften genehmigte Dissertation vorgelegt von Diplom-Ingenieur Max Henrik Siegloch aus Stuttgart Berichter: Universitätsprofessor Dr. Uwe Rau Universitätsprofessor Dr. Joachim Knoch Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 16.12.2014 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Energy and Climate Research IEK-5 Photovoltaics Failure Analysis of Thin Film Solar Modules using Lock-in Thermography Max Henrik Siegloch Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Energie & Umwelt / Energy & Environment Band / Volume 258 ISSN 1866-1793 ISBN 978-3-95806-047-0 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek. The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. Publisher and Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Distributor: Zentralbibliothek 52425 Jülich Tel: +49 2461 61-5368 Fax: +49 2461 61-6103 Email: [email protected] www.fz-juelich.de/zb Cover Design: Grafische Medien, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Printer: Grafische Medien, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Copyright: Forschungszentrum Jülich 2015 Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Energie & Umwelt / Energy & Environment, Band / Volume 258 D 82 (Diss.
    [Show full text]
  • Flir) Technology As an Effective Pce/Tce Screening Tool for Vapor Intrusion Sampling
    September 2018 | www.epa.gov/research A REPORT ON USING FORWARD LOOKING INFRARED RADIATION (FLIR) TECHNOLOGY AS AN EFFECTIVE PCE/TCE SCREENING TOOL FOR VAPOR INTRUSION SAMPLING photo U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development National Risk Management Research Laboratory Land and Materials Management Division Remediation and Technology Evaluation Branch and U.S. EPA Region 6 Superfund Division i This page intentionally left blank. ii September 2018 A Report on Using Forward Looking Infrared Radiation (FLIR) Technology as an Effective PCE/TCE Screening Tool for Vapor Intrusion Sampling Land and Materials Management Division National Risk Management Research Laboratory Cincinnati, OH, 45268 and Superfund Division U.S. EPA Region 6 Dallas, TX, 75202 iii Authors Primary Authors David Eppler US Environmental Protection Agency Superfund Division 1445 Ross Ave. Dallas, TX 75202 David Ferguson US Environmental Protection Agency Land and Materials Management Division National Risk Management Research Laboratory 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr. Cincinnati, OH 45268 Michael Torres US Environmental Protection Agency Superfund Division 1445 Ross Ave. Dallas, TX 75202 Daniel Young US Environmental Protection Agency Land and Materials Management Division National Risk Management Research Laboratory 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr. Cincinnati, OH 45268 Raghuraman Venkatapathy Pegasus Technical Services, Inc. 46 E. Hollister Street Cincinnati, OH 45219 iv Notice/Disclaimer Statement This report is a review of available methods for using Forward Looking Infrared Radiation (FLIR) technology as an effective PCE/TCE screening tool for vapor intrusion sampling. The inclusion of or affirmative statements regarding any method, data, or model included in this review does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Thermographic Imaging in Cats and Dogs Usability As a Clinical Method
    Recent Publications in this Series MARI VAINIONPÄÄ 1/2014 Hanna Rajala Molecular Pathogenesis of Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia DISSERTATIONES SCHOLAE DOCTORALIS AD SANITATEM INVESTIGANDAM UNIVERSITATIS HELSINKIENSIS 2/2014 Thermographic Imaging in Cats and Dogs Usability as a Clinical Method MARI VAINIONPÄÄ Thermographic Imaging in Cats and Dogs Usability as a Clinical Method DEPARTMENT OF EQUINE AND SMALL ANIMAL MEDICINE FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE AND DOCTORAL PROGRAMME IN CLINICAL VETERINARY MEDICINE UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI 2/2014 Helsinki 2014 ISSN 2342-3161 ISBN 978-952-10-9941-0 Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine University of Helsinki Finland Thermographic imaging in cats and dogs Usability as a clinical method Mari Vainionpää, DVM ACADEMIC DISSERTATION To be presented, with the permission of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Helsinki, for public examination in Walter Hall, University EE building, on June 6th 2014, at noon. Helsinki 2014 SUPERVISED BY: Outi Vainio, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ECVPT, Professor Marja Raekallio, DVM, PhD, University Lecturer Marjatta Snellman, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ECVDI, Professor Emerita Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland REVIEWED BY: Francis Ring, DSc, MSc, Professor Medical Imaging Research Unit Faculty of Advanced Technology University of South Wales Pontypridd, Wales, UK Ram Purohit DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACT, Professor Emeritus Department of Clinical Science College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn
    [Show full text]
  • Inspection of Pathological Manifestations in Buildings by Using a Thermal Imaging Camera Integrated with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV): a Documental Research
    Revista ALCONPAT www.revistaalconpat.org eISSN 2007 -6835 Revista de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Control de Calidad, Patología y Recuperación de la Construcción Inspection of pathological manifestations in buildings by using a thermal imaging camera integrated with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV): a documental research W. P. A. Silva1* , A. C. Lordsleem Júnior1 , R. D. B. Ruiz1 , J. H. A. Rocha2 *Contact author: [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.21041/ra.v11i1.447 Reception: 14/11/2019 | Acceptance: 30/10/2020 | Publication: 01/01/2021 ABSTRACT This paper is intended to present the usage of an UAV integrated thermographic camera in building inspection processes. This study was based on a systematic review of related articles and technical documents, in order to investigate features and basic operations of thermographic cameras, UAVs usage and influencing factors on detection of pathological manifestations. The results enabled identification of advantages and limitations for camera and UAV integration, thus demonstrating their feasibility and effectiveness when employed together. As a contribution, this study developed a flight protocol including steps and procedures required to perform an inspection when using a thermal camera together with an UAV. Keywords: UAV; thermal camera; building inspection. Cite as: Silva, W. P. A., Lordsleem Júnior, A. C., Ruiz, R. D. B., Rocha, J. H. A. (2021), "Inspection of pathological manifestations in buildings by using a thermal imaging camera integrated with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV): a documental research", Revista ALCONPAT, 11 (1), pp. 123 – 139, DOI: https://doi.org/10.21041/ra.v11i1.447 _______________________________________________________________ 1 Grupo de Tecnologia e Gestão da Construção de Edifícios (POLITECH), Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife.
    [Show full text]