Good Governance: Implications on Principals' Effectiveness in Public Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon
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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) Volume 4 Issue 4, June 2020 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470 Good Governance: Implications on Principals’ Effectiveness in Public Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon Haddassah Limunga Mbake The University of Buea, South West Region, Cameroon, Central Africa ABSTRACT How to cite this paper : Haddassah This research titled; “Good Governance: Implications on Principals’ Limunga Mbake "Good Governance: Effectiveness in Public Secondary Schools (PSS) in the South West Region Implications on Principals’ Effectiveness (SWR) of Cameroon”, sought to examine the extent to which good governance in Public Secondary Schools in the South practice (participation) affect principals’ effectiveness. More specifically, this West Region of Cameroon" Published in paper sought to find out how participation in decision making affects International Journal principals’ effectiveness. The survey research design was employed and a of Trend in Scientific sample of 380 made up of school administrators (principals, vice principals, Research and senior discipline masters/mistresses and counsellors) and teachers, students Development and parents were used. The simple random sampling and purposive sampling (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456- techniques were used to select the respondents. The instruments used in 6470, Volume-4 | collecting data were questionnaires (both open and closed ended) and a guide Issue-4, June 2020, IJTSRD31722 for focus group discussion. Validation of instruments was done through face pp.1767-1789, URL: and content validity. Reliability was achieved through the test re-test method. www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31722.pdf The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), version 25 was used to analyse data. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed. For Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and descriptive statistics, frequencies, percentages, bar charts and pie charts were International Journal of Trend in Scientific used. For inferential statistics, the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Research and Development Journal. This Coefficient Value® was employed to test the hypothesis. The results rejected is an Open Access article distributed the null hypothesis while retaining the alternative form. The indicator had a under the terms of moderate relationship, that is, participation in decision making (rxy-comp. the Creative value =0.561). This value was compared to the maximum value 1, to Commons Attribution determine the strength of the relationship. This led to the conclusion that License (CC BY 4.0) participation in decision making has a significant relationship with principals’ (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by effectiveness. Based on these results recommendations were made following /4.0) the specific objective. Principals are advised regularly to use participatory decision making to foster their effectiveness. Key words: Good Governance, Implications, Principals, Participation Effectiveness, Public Secondary Schools, South West Region, Cameroon INTRODUCTION Education the world over is considered as the cornerstone of educational goals and objectives are achieved in the course development. The World Bank describes education as a of their administration. In the educational system, one of the priority of priorities for all governments all over the world vital mechanisms to be put in place towards achieving school (World Bank, 2009).It forms the basis for literacy, goals and objectives as well as ensuring quality service acquisition of skills, technological advancement as well as delivery is the applicability of good governance practises the ability to harness the natural resources of the (principles, etiquettes, tenets or characteristics). Good environment for development. According to Mandela (2013), governance etiquettes tends to imply that, performance by education is the most powerful weapon which can be used to school principals is related to educational goals. Good change the world. governance is therefore a goal oriented strategy viewed from the input and output perspectives. The integration of good It is for this reason that the greatest investment a nation can governance in the educational administration and make remains one committed to the training of its citizens management will go a long way to curb the ills that plague (education). That is why investment in human capital in the educational sector and will contribute to organizational developed and developing countries is regarded as key to effectiveness. On the otherhand, poor governance in national development. The training of citizens takes place in education results in ineffectiveness and inefficiency of educational institutions or organizations. Any organization is service provision and in some cases no services at all as it administered for the purpose of effective and efficient exists in some our public secondary institutions. management, so that it can achieve the goals and objectives. This is in line with the Law No 98/004 of 11 th April 1998, to In Cameroon, this all-important sector (education), is faced lay down guide lines for basic and secondary education in with myraids of problems and prominent among the Cameroon. In this wise, public secondary education problem areas that bring to light the poor show of the institutions administered by principals are to ensure that education sector is the poor governance of the school system @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD31722 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2020 Page 1767 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 (SWAPE, 2006). In education, poor governance results in They are: participation, accountability, transparency and ineffectiveness and inefficiency of service provision, and in rule of law. some cases no service at all. Lack of standards, information, incentives, and accountability cannot only lead to poor BACKGROUND provider performance but also to corruption, the “use of Good Governance implies many different things in many public office for private gain” (Bardhan, 1997). However, the different contexts. The concept of "governance" is not new. It line between poor governance and corruption is often is as old as human civilization. Simply put "governance" blurred. Therefore, improving governance and discouraging means: the process of decision-making and the process by corruption in education ultimately aims to increase the which decisions are implemented (or not implemented). efficiency of education services so as to raise educational Governance can be used in several contexts such as quality, and ultimately, improve students’ achievement. corporate governance, international governance, national governance, local governance and institutional governance. Furthermore, instances of favouritism, nepotism, peddling, This study is focused on good governance in schools. The embezzlement, and examination malpractices result in poor spine of governance is the process of decision-making and management of school resources and poor quality of school the process by which decisions are implemented, an analysis products. Therefore good governance practices would go a of governance focuses on the formal and informal actors long way to solve these bad administrative practices by involved in decision-making and implementing the decisions delivering good products which in turn lead to good made and the formal and informal structures that have been performance. It also ensures safety, legal performance and set in place to arrive at and implement the decision (UN- safeguards stakeholders’ interest (teachers, students, ESCAP, 2018). In international development, good parents. Consequently, the government is making many governance is a way of measuring how public institutions efforts to implement good governance and anti-corruption conduct public affairs and manage public resources in a strategies in the governing of educational institutions in preferred way. Contrary to good governance dad governance keeping with principles of good governance. The National is being increasingly regarded as one of the root causes of all Anti-Corruption Commission (CONAC) established by evil within the societies that yield corruption, embezzlement, presidential decree N 0 2006/088 of March 11, 2006 has as nepotism among others. its mission to monitor and evaluate the effective implementation of the government’s anti-corruption The concept of good governance refers to government program. Since its inception, CONAC have been launching agencies conduct in implementing innovative policies and integrity campaigns in schools. Likewise, governance programmes to increase the quality of public service with structures have been established in schools to curb the ultimate aim of increasing economic growth according to corruption and promote effective management of resources Grindle, Hellman, Schankermann, & Rivera-Batiz, (2000). (human, material, financial and time). The governance structures include the Parent Teacher Association (PTA). Good governance compliance is currently a world-wide The formation of PTAs in all primary and secondary schools phenomenon. Such innovative policies and programmes in Cameroon was authorized through Inter-ministerial address governance aspects such as transparency, circular N o.242/L/729/ MINEDUC/JMS of 25 th October, 1979 accountability, participation, and professionalism (Liddle & organizing curricular and co-curricular activities